SIR J. J.

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

MANALI
T
ARCHI TECTURAL DESI GN

2020_SAHI L DI GHE
SEM 6

2030_PRATHAMESH KAWATE
2032_SANI YA KHATWANI
2035_YASH KUMAVAT
2044_PRASHANT MORE
1927_RATNAKAR I DURKAR
SITE SUDY
LOCATION- ALEO, MANALI
Locality Name : Aleo
Tehsil Name : Naggar
District : Kullu
State : Himachal Pradesh
Elevation / Altitude: 1189 meters. Above Sea level

• A verdant, hilly district alongside the Beas River, Aleo

is popular for its panoramic mountain views.
• It is a small Village/hamlet in Naggar Tehsil in Kullu
District of Himachal Pradesh State, India.
• It comes under Vashisht Panchayath. It is located
36 KM towards North from District headquarters
Kullu.
• 13 KM from Naggar. 147 KM from State capital
Shimla. Aleo is surrounded by Spiti Tehsil towards East
, Lahul Tehsil towards North , Kullu Tehsil towards
South , Drang Tehsil towards South .

Distance from nearby villages:

Nasogi ( 3 KM )
Vashisht ( 4 KM )
Jagatsukh ( 4 KM )
Gojra ( 6 KM )
Bran ( 8 KM )
 ACCESS ROAD
(ABV MARG)

MAIN ROAD
BEAS RIVER (KULLU NAGGAR MARG)
HIGHWAY

PROPOSED SITE
(ABVIMAS)
 ACCESS ROAD
(ABV MARG)

SETTLEMENTS
MAIN ROAD
(KULLU NAGGAR
SHOPS MARG)

SITE

SETTLEMENTS

HOTELS
CURVE LEADING TO
ADMIN BLOCK

ROAD TO SITE

PATHWAYS INSIDE SITE

CLIMATE

• There is a huge variation in the climatic conditions of Manali due to variation in

altitude (450–6500 mts).

• The climate varies from hot and sub-humid tropical (450–900 metres) in the southern
low tracts, warm and temperate (900–1800 mts), cool and temperate (1900–2400
mts) and cold glacial and alpine (2400–4800 mts) in the northern and eastern high
elevated mountain ranges. Consedering overall Himachal Pradesh.

CLIMATE INFLUENCE

• Due to the cold climate, the southern slopes are preferred. The orientation of the
houses is to maximize the penetration of the sun rays.
• Low Height of the rooms (2.1 – 2.4 m) which results in low surface to volume ratio
reducing heat loss from surfaces.
• Small window size and low ceiling height to prevent heat loss and keep the interiors
warmer.
• Terrace in all around the building should have proper slope for efficient drainage, in
heavy rainfall and snowfall areas. Low ceiling height Small windows slope for efficient
drainage.
CULTURE
• Around 96% of the population of the state is of Hindus.
• The major communities include Brahmins, Rajputs, Chowdaries, Kannets, Rathis and Kolis.
• The tribal population comprises the Gaddis, Kinnars, Jadun, Tanolis, Gujjars, Pangawals and Lahaulis.
• The Kinnars are the inhabitants of Kinnaur and they generally practice polyandry and polygamy. The Gujjars are nomadic people who
rear buffalo herds and are mainly Muslim. The Lahaulis of Lahaul and spiti are native of spiti, Kinnaur region mainly comprises Buddhists.

VEGETATION
• The forests of Himachal Pradesh is known for its grandeur and majesty like green pearl in the Himalayan crown.
Total vegetation species from entire India , nearly 7% can be found in Himachal itself which shows it’s richness in vegetation.

Tropical vegetation
• Between 900 and 1100m elevation
• Mainly dominant in Shivalik and other lesser himalayan ranges.
• Consists of mix and moist deciduous trees.
• E.g Sal, khahir, Kikar, Phulai etc

Sub-tropical Vegetation
• Ranges elevation between 1100 and 1800m
• Consist of subtropical dry evergreen and subtropical pine forest.
• Example Sal, Shisham, and Sarin and chir-pine
Middle temperate vegetation
•Ranges between 1800 to 2300m
•Consists of wet temperate forest and moist deodar forest
•Located near Chamba, kagra, mamdi and kullu district
•Extremely valuable timber is found in these forest.
•
Alpine forest
•Sub alpine and dry alpine forests
•Ranges from3500 to 4000m elevation snd above
•Karsu and birch are the main species of this sub ground
•Mainly found in Kinnaur, Lahaul and Pangi.

Agriculture
About 80 percent of the total cultivated area in the State is rain
fed.
Rice, Wheat and Maize are cereal crops of the State.
Groundnut, soya been and Sunflower in Kharif Rapeseed/
Mustard and Toria in the Rabi season are important
oilseed crops.
Urd, Bean, Moong, Rajma in Kharif season and Gram Lentil in
Rabi are the important pulse crops.
EXISTING STRUCTURE
• Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Mountaineering
and Allied Sports (ABVIMAS) is one of the
premier mountaineering institutes in India and was
formerly, ABVIMAS was known as "Western Himalayan
Mountaineering Institute".

• Founded September 16th, 1961 by none other

than Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of
India, the Institute has played a pioneering role in
bringing Manali, Himachal Pradesh on to the world map
as a paradise for adventure lovers.

• The institute has been successfully conducting

adventure activities like Mountaineering, Rock Climbing,
Trekking, Adventure Camps, Skiing, Water Sports, Aero
Sports, Mountain Biking and Mountaineering
Expeditions.

ABOUT THE INSTITUTE

• The Headquarter of Institute is located near Manali

Town, in the left bank of Beas river. Its campus is
surrounded by cedar trees.

• All the buildings have been constructed keeping in view

of the local architecture and in conformity with the
nature.

• The institute has 1 access road and is in a locality of

many hotels.
 CAMPUS
PIR PANJAL (Administrative Block)

• Administrative Block which

comprises of a Museum, a
Library, Lect ure Halls, a
Conference Hall, an Assembly
Hall and Offices.

MULKILA MUSEUM MENTHOSA HALL (Assembly Hall)

• The Institute’s Museum is
keeping a collection of various • Assembly hall has adequate
photographs of renowned REO PURGIAL LIBRARY DEO TIBBA HALL (Conference Hall) facility to accommodate 150
Mountaineers and adventure people and it is used for
• Institute’s library has collection • Conference hall with facilities
related activities. The museum various purposes during the
of various books and for holding various events like
has a good collection of old training activities.
magazines pertaining to conventions, seminars and
mountaineering equipment as Mountaineering, Skiing and a small – sized meetings. It has
well as modern equipment . wide collection of books on capacity to hold such events
Himalayan flora & fauna. for 50 persons.
 CAMPUS

INDRASAN (Adventure Lodge – I) MANERANG (Adventure Lodge – II) KINNER KAILASH (Boys Hostel) PIN PARVATI (Girls Hostel)
• Adventure lodge - I is fully furnished • Adventure Lodge – II has a dining hall • Boys Hostel has 18 double bedded • Girls Hostel has 23 double bedded
with dining hall, seating lounge and 9 with the capacity of 250 diners at rooms (common bath) 4 double rooms ( attached bathroom) and 10
well-furnished double bedded rooms ground floor, 7 double bedded bedded rooms ( attached bath) and dormitories with the capacit y of 9
and a four bedded family suite with rooms and a seating lounge at first 10 dormitories with the capacit y of 9 bed each.
all modern facilities floor. bed each.

HARNAM SINGH AUDITORIUM CAFÉ FRIENDSHIP (Cafeteria) CHANDRA BEASKUND BHAGA

( Old Hostel – Solang Nalla) (Guest House – Solang Nalla) ( New Hostel – Solang Nalla)
• The auditorium has seating • Located amidst the beautiful deodhar • Old Hostel Solang Nalla has the • The Guest House has fiv e rooms • New Hostel Solang Nalla has the
capacity of 650 people, having all trees the cafeteria has capacity of 50 capacity to accommodate 59 with the capacity of 16 beds. capacity to accommodate 50
kind of audio – v isual gadgets, for persons. Visitors can enjoy variety of trainees. trainees.
holding seminars, conferences and cuisines here.
other cultural programs.
MATERIAL
Mud

• Easily available
• Provides good insulation
• Also has good binding properties
• The mud is either filled into wooden forms and rammed into the place
slowly building up wall or sun dried mud blocks are used in construction of the
wall.

Deodar wood

• Easily available, one of the strongest Indian conifers

• Imparts st ability to tall structures
• It is insect and termite resistant and even when untreated can withstand
long periods of weather corrosion
• Since it is a soft wood , it is easy to work in absence of high tech tools
• Used in making posts, beams, windows and door frames, shutters roofs, etc

Stone

• Hard stone : obtained from local quarries and used in building foundation
and walls

• Slate tiles: Metamorphic rock

I. Used for roof of buildings
II. It has high quartz content
III. Is frost resistant
IV. Absorbs heat and
V. Provides moisture barrier
VI. Low maintenance and is not vulnerable to rot and insects.
CONTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
A typical house in Himachal is usually two or three-storey
high.

In the houses, usually the ground floor is used for keeping

cattle and the living areas are on the upper floors.

PREPERATION OF GROUND

• The trench is dug relative to the height of the structure,

which is then filled with loose stone blocks which rise up
to make the plinth.

• Depth of trench is 0.6-1 m.

• The raised podium provides the stability to the house or

tower and also protects the building from snow and
groundwater.
• As the walls rise higher, stone courses decrease and the
wood sections gradually increase.

• The heavier stone bases carry the lighter wooden

structure at upper levels.

• The surface is usually plastered for internal walls with

mud.

• Also the flooring is plastered with clay which acts as a

good insulating material.
BALCONY

• The next space integral to the house is the cantilevered

balcony, projecting either on one or all sides of the
structure, which rests on the wooden beams fixed in the
wood-and-stone walls.

• The most critical element in the house is the balcony that

acts as an important extension to the living room.

• Structurally, it rests on cantilevered members sometimes

supported by brackets

ROOF

• Roof which is made to rest on wooden beams followed

by purlin and rafters, it has substantial overhanging and
is covered with slate stone or wooden shingles.

• The pitch and geometry of the roofs changes as one

climbs to higher altitudes in Himachal Pradesh.

• The geometry of the roof is usually pent and gable but

several variations are observed.
DESIGN

• This design of this style of architecture

is such that it blends with the
environment really well and most
importantly is appropriate for the
earthquake prone state.

• The technique articulates local

materials in systematic layers, which
make it practical as well as
aesthetically gratifying.

• A typical house in Himachal is of COMPONENTS OF BUILDINGS

about 2 to 3 storeys.

• The houses built here are oriented

with their longest side facing the
valley and their backs against the
mountain, which makes them less
susceptible to seismic forces or
waves.

• The roofs provided are of various

types- pure pent, pure gable, and
pent and gable form- this lends the
roof many ways of shedding snow
and rain while maintaining the
integrity of interior spaces.
PENT ROOF GABLE ROOF
• The ground floor is usually used for the cattle's, it acts as a gaushala.

• The first storey was initially used for residential purposes and then as
times changed it started to be utilized as a storage space.

• The second storey is used for residential purposes

• The t op level usually houses cooking and living spaces and

sometimes formal spaces to entertain guests.

• The top most area or floor is used as an area for placement of the
holy deity that they worship.

• Most common variation in vernacular houses Is the addition of

balconies on the first and second levels of the house, which are
either partially covered or completely covered.

The form of the houses are basically cuboidal. The storey unit is a
cuboids.

• The smallest houses are 2 or layers stacked in 2 or 3 levels

• Each house is determined by capacity.

• The capacit y is not only size of the family but also the family's socio
economic status

• The size of the house is increased by placing the cuboids side by side
and the extending up three levels.
 Design strategies

BUILDING ORIENTATION

For passive solar heating , face most of the glass area to south provided with overhangs to shade in summer.
Building orientation should be east-west , provided with shadings in western direction to reduce heat gain in summer.
Design strategies

INTERNAL PLANNING

Use of open planning to promote natural cross ventilation

Keep rooms cozy , tight and well insulated to increase heat gain from lights and people
 Design strategies

CEILING FANS FOR CIRCULATION

On hot days ceiling fans can reduce internal temperature by 5 degrees thus less air conditioning is required.
Use of attic and jump ducts to balance out pressure .
 Design strategies

To maximize stack ventilation increase the height Excessive floor area will increase costings of
between inlet and outlet of duct heating structure , so keep the structure of right size
 Design strategies

• Use light coloured roof system

• Provide double pane high performance glazing
on west ,north , and east but clear on the south for maximum
passive solar gain
 BUILDING ORIENTATION

For passive solar heating , face most of the glass area to south provided with overhangs to shade in summer.
Building orientation should be east-west , provided with shadings in western direction to reduce heat gain in summer.
POINTS TO CONSIDER

SNOW FALL

• Falling snow is often accompanied by winds that can create

drifts on roofs and against exterior walls.
• Snow can also accumulate at different rates depending on
what type of surface it is falling on.
• For example, the roof over the attic space of a residence will
trap ambient warm air from the living space and be kept
warmer
• October to February is the winter season in Manali, and heavy
in December.

EARTHQUAKE

• Most of the earthquake happen in hill lands due to moment in

tectonic plates, even though most of them are of less
magnitude

NATURAL ENVIORNMENT

• Manali is complied with most dense natura environment and

verity of species of animal and vegetation
• Structure must consider the existing nature, use of local
material more and their local techniques thus its reduce the
impact on surrounding
POINTS TO CONSIDER

LOCAL MATERIAL

• Different kind of materials used in construction from

decade by locals, this can be implemented in modern
structure going to build over there
• This helps to make the building sustainable and embodied
energy of the materials used in construction.
• This can be includes stones, wood, mud etc.

THERMAL CONSIDERATION

• Manali comes under colder region thus maintenance

of temperature
• This can be done by some passive method to keep room or
space warmer
• Use of opening, use of material which can absorbed heat
and store it, etc.

VEGETATION

• Existing vegetation needs to handle properly

• During the landscaping suitable for the temperature and soil
conditions

HILL SLOPING/ SLOPES

• Variation in level can affect the function

• Most of t he houses keep the opening opposite t o the hill
• This helps during landslides, extreme snow fall, etc
Earthquake Study

• The impact of an
earthquake on a building
depends on a complex
interaction of factors during
an earthquake, including
the depth of the epicentre,
magnitude, frequency,
int ensit y and duration of
shaking and soil of
conditions, and the quality
of construction
• It is important to understand
how different forces
generated during a quake
affect a building, and the
behaviour of building
materials under the
influence of these forces,
and interactions between
different structural elements
of the building.
Small Openings & Low Storeys: Doors and windows are kept
small and have heavy wooden reinforced frames, which help
bear the accumulated stress on the openings during an
earthquake . The placement of openings is also staggered so as
to avoid vertical alignment of the openings, which would
weaken the wall . The frames and doors have diagonal bracing
elements also, which are exquisitely carved. The heights of
storeys are also kept low, which keeps the centre of gravity low
 Dhajji-diwari building in Dharamsala. This was built after the 1905 Kangra
earthquake by the British colonial administration. The diagonal bracing is
effective in absorbing shear and tension forces.

Detail of dhajji-diwari in Dharamsala. Notice the use of iron pins and wooden
blocks to tie the bracing together firmly

Detail of dhajji-diwari
in Mandi district.
Corner construction
Notice the loose mud
detail of kath-ki-kuni
masonry and plaster,
style housing. The
which will absorb
timber bands run
shocks during an
along both sides of
earthquake.
the wall and are
connected by pins
along their length,
and at the corners.
THANK YOU