ACCOUNTING
FORMATS
Trial Balance
Debit Credit
$ $
Revenue xxx
Purchases xxx
Inventory xxx
Rent receivable xxx
Rent payable xxx
General expenses xxx
Non-current assets (at cost) xxx
Provision for dep’n xxx
Bank overdraft xxx
Motor vehicle expenses xxx
Trade receivables xxx
Trade payables xxx
capital xxx
XXX XXX
ERRORS
Journal & suspense account (according to the entries)
Journal suspense account
Debit $ Credit $ date detail $ date detail $
DEPRICIATION
Delivery vehicle a/c
date detail $ Date detail $
2001 Bal b/d xxx Bal c/d xxx
2002 2002
Bal b/d xxx disposal xxx
Bal c/d xxx
XXX XXX
2003
Bal b/d xxx
Provision for dep’n
date detail $ Date detail $
2001 Bal c/d xxx Bal b/d xxx
I/S xxx
2002 disposal xxx 2002 Bal b/d xxx
I/S xxx
XXX XXX
2003 Bal b/d xxx
Disposal a/c
date detail $ Date detail $
2001 Delivery veh xxx 2001 provision xxx
bank xxx
I/S (profit) xxx I/S (loss) xxx
Bank Reconciliation
BANK RECONCILLIATION STATEMENT
Bal as per adjusted cash book bal as per bank statement
+ unpresented cheque + uncredited cheques
-uncredited cheque - unpresented cheque
Overdraft as per Bank statement bal as per cash book
Control Accounts
Sales ledger control a/c
date detail $ date detail $
Bal b/d xxx Bank/cash xxx
sales xxx Sales return xxx
Dishon cheque xxx Dis allowed xxx
Bad debts xxx
contra xxx
Purchases ledger control a/c
date detail $ Date detail $
Bank/cash xxx Bal b/d
Pur return xxx Cr/purchases xxx
Dis received xxx
Bal c/d xxx
sole trader
Societies & Clubs
Subscription a/c
date detail $ date detail $
Bal b/d xxx Bal b/d xxx
(accrual) (advance)
Income & xxx bank xxx
expenditure
Bad debts xxx
Bal c/d xxx Bal c/d xxx
(advance) (accrual)
Income & expenditure
Income:
Subscription xxx
Profit from the bar xxx
Donations received xxx
Xxx
Less expenditure:
Wages xxx
Rental xxx
Depreciation xxx
Stationary xxx
Transport expenses xxx
Repair/maintenance xxx
Surplus/deficit xxx
Receipts & payments a/c
Detail $ detail &
Opening Balance b/d xxx Expenses Xxx
Members subscription xxx Purchase of non- Xxx
current assets
Donations xxx Closing balance c/d xxx
Receipts from activities xxx
Proceeds from the xxx
sales of non-current
assets
XXX XXX
Balance c/d xxx
Partnership
Appropriation a/c
Revenue xxx
Less: sales return xxx
Less cost of sales xxx
Gross profit xxx
Less: expenses xxx
Profit for the year xxx
+interest on drawings xxx
-interest on capital xxx
-salary xxx
Share of profit XXX
Limited companies
Share capital General reserve Retained profits total
Balance at 1st xxx xxx xxx xxx
Share issue xxx xxx
Profit for the xxx xxx
year
Transfer to xxx (xxx)
general reserve
Dividend paid (xxx) (xxx)
(interim)
Dividend paid (xxx) (xxx)
(final)
Balance at 30th XXX XXX XXX XXX
Manufacturing
Ratios
𝐺𝑃
GPM = 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 x 100
𝑁𝑃
NP = 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 x 100
𝑁𝑃
ROCE = 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑦𝑒𝑑 x 100
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
Inventory turnover = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠
Current Ratio = 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑠−𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦
Acid test/ quick ratio =
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
Trade receivable turnover = x 365
𝑐𝑟.𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠
Trade payables turnover = x 365
𝑐𝑟.𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠
Return on equity = 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦
𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑥,𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡,𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙+𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑒𝑠
x100
𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦
Inventory turnover period = x 365
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠
