Grade
11
2G – (horizontal welding position)
3G – (vertical welding position)
4G – (welding position overhead or overhead)
5G – (uphill/downhill vertical welding position)
6G/6GR – (overhead vertical welding position)
For fillet welding positions-
1F – (flat welding position)
2F – (horizontal welding position)
3F – (vertical welding position)
4F – (welding position overhead or overhead)
Types of Welding Positions
by AWS and ASME
1G/1F
2F/2G
3G Uphill
3G Downhill
4F/4G
5G Uphill
5G Downhill
6G Uphill
6G Downhill
Pipe and Plate Weld
Joint Positions
Normally there are six welding positions with certain numbers and
letter i.e. 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, and 6G/6GR. All the positions are used in
various angles and shapes while performing welding. Generally, the
ways and ideas of welding are similar in different countries. But the
AWS D1.1 (referring to AWS A3.0), ASME IX, and ISO 15614-1 use
different names in their Tables.
1G/1F/PA Position (Flat)
1G/1F/PA position is a flat welding position. In this weld position,
welders put metal piece right below the torch. This position is
performed for butt, groove and fillet welds as well.
2G/PC Position (Horizontal)
This is a horizontal position for butt welds. In this welding position, the
metal piece remains parallel to welder’s body and he welds it while
remaining in front of him.
2F(2f)/PB Position (Horizontal)
2F/PB Position is a horizontal welding position used for fillet welds. It is
harder than the 1F position. A welder needs to hold the torch at a 45°
angle most of the time with the piece next to him. But the exact angle
of torch depends on the angles of the plate and pipe.
In the 2F/2f position, the butt weld is a bit more difficult than flat
welding. This happens due to the molted metal flowing downward of
the joint and the torch heat rises upward of the joint. Consequently, a
uniform deposit cannot be applied to joints.
For better welds, welders need to align the metals and weld at both
ends. The movements of the torch should be slightly up and down for
spreading equal heat to both sides of the joint. In this way, the molten
metal will not flow the lower side of the joint and solidify the weld
metal faster. For master, a welder needs a lot of experience in 2f or
any horizontal position. 2f is one of the horizontal positions for the fillet
test.
There is another horizontal fixed weld position or pipe welding
position. In this, the pipe axis remains nearly horizontal. It is
noteworthy that the pipe being welded should not move or rotate while
performing welding.
In another horizontal rolled welding position, pipe puts flat and
welding is done on by rotating it as required. First, the welder needs to
1
align the joints and weld it. For gripping pipe, welders can use steel
made bridge clamps while using a welding torch.
Another similar welding position is 2G, which means a horizontal
welding position for groove not for fillet welds. In this position, the
weld axis remains horizontal and the weld is facing the vertical plane.
3G Uphill/PF Position (Vertical)
It is a vertical-up position used for both butt and fillet welds. While
welding, the angle of the torch remains at 45°, and welder used the
metal from the lower part.
3G Downhill/PG Position (Vertical)
It is a vertical-down position used for fillet and butt welds. Welders
used the metal from the upper part. This position is considered good in
terms of productivity.
4G/PE Position (Overhead)
It is an overhead position used for butt welds. Welders need to hold the
torch from below the metal piece. Normally, it is a complex and hard
position. Welders must set proper parameters before welding.
4F/PD Position (Overhead)
This is also an overhead position used for fillet welds. Mostly, welder
holds the torch at a 45° angle while being below the metal piece and it
depends on the pipe/plate positions.
WELDING GROOVE WELD ON CARBON MILD STEEL PLATES (4G)
Objective:
To perform a multi pass weld in 0verhead position. The bead should not exceed the
required weld profile, not concave nor convex with fine ripples. The bead should be uniform,
straight, and should be half to 2/3 overlap from one another.
Material/supplies:
1. 2 pcs. Mild Steel plates 10mm X 50mm X 200mm
2. ELECTRODE. E-6013- 3.25mm
E-6011-3.25mm
Tools and Equipment:
AC or DC welding machine with accessories
Chipping Hammer
Steel brush Welding gloves (leather)
Welding apron (leather)
Welding helmet/mask
Portable grinder
PLAN/ILLUSRATION
2
`
Procedures:
1. Wear the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) before welding.
2. Prepare tools, equipment and materials needed.
3. Set up the welding machine and adjust the correct current amperage settings to 95
amperes.
4. 85-100 amperes (range of adjustments)
5. Tack weld the plates 6mm from each end with uniform gap of 3.0mm between the plates.
6. Preset the plates for angular distortion.
7. Clamp the work piece in Overhead manner.
8. Deposit the root pass with the electrode at the center with 70 degrees travel angle and 90
degrees work angle.
9. Remove the slag and clean the root pass.
10. Deposit the second bead on the top of the root pass. It must completely fused the plates
and the first.
11. Clead the bead and inspect for any defects.
NOTE: Wear safety glasses when cleaning and removing slag.
12.Deposit remaining bead the final cap or cap pass.
SUMMATIVE TEST
TEST I: Definition
Direction: Define the following: Write your answer on the
answer on the sheet provided.
1. Fillet Weld
2. Groove Weld
3
3. 3G Downhill/PG Position (Vertical)
4. 4F/PD Position (Overhead)
5. 4G/PE Position (Overhead)
6. 2F(2f)/PB Position (Horizontal)
7. 1G/1F/PA Position (Flat)
8. 2G/PC Position (Horizontal)
9. 3G Uphill/PF Position (Vertical)
10. Welding Positions
TEST II: ENUMERATION
Direction: Enumerate the Following Question.
1.Enumerate the numbers and letters for used for groove welding
positions-
2.Enumerate the numbers and letters for used for fillet welding positions-
TEST III- PERFORMANCE TASK
Direction: Make a job plan on Welding groove weld carbon mild
steel plates (4G).Use long coupon band and copy the illustration
and the procedures.
SCORING RUBRICS FOR OUTPUTS (SMAW NC- I)
JOB PLAN IN 4G
CRITERIA SCORE
Accuracy
Output is accurately done 20
One error observed in the output 19
Two error observed in the output 18
3 or 4 error observed in the output 17
5 or 6 error observed in the output 16
7 or 8 error observed in the output 15
ALLIGNMENT
Output are properly aligned 14
One part is not properly aligned 13
Two parts are not properly aligned 12
Three parts are not properly aligned 11
Four parts are not properly aligned 10
Five or more parts are not properly aligned 9
SPEED
Output is done on or before the time 10
Output is done after allotted time 9
Output is done a day after the allotted time 8
4
Output is done 2 or 3 day after the allotted time 7
Output is done 4 or 5 day after the allotted time 6
No Output is done 5
Signature of the Student:
Signature of the Teacher:
References:
1.TR-TESDA
2. CBLM-TESDA
3.https://www.weldinginfo.org/welding-processes/types-of-
welding-positions-and-joins/
ANSWER SHEET
NAME: ________________________________YEAR/ SECTION: ___________
SUBJECT TEACHER: ___________________SCORE ______________
1. Identification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9
10
2.Enumeration
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
3.PERFORMANCE TASK
1.Make a job plan (4G)
