BÁO CÁO THUYẾT TRÌNH
TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH LỊCH SỬ ĐÔNG NAM Á
1. Học phần: Tiếng Anh Chuyên ngành Lịch sử Đông Nam Á
2. Lớp: SEA3004 2
3. Nhóm: 7
4. Giáo viên hướng dẫn: TS Nguyễn Thị Thu Dung, TS Nguyễn Trần Tiến
5. Danh sách nhóm:
STT Họ và tên Mã số sinh viên
1 Mạc Thị Ngọc 21030565
2 Lê Phạm Hoài Thanh 21030571
3 Phạm Thanh Thảo 21030575
4 Nguyễn Thu Trang 21030578
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................2
CONTENT...............................................................................................................2
1.The foundation for the formation and development of Buddhism...............2
2.The process of Introducing Buddhism to South East Asia............................2
3. The Influence of Buddhism on some ares in Southeast Asia......................3
3.1 The influence of Theravada Buddhism in the social life of Southeast Asian
countries..............................................................................................................3
3.2 Buddhism’s Influence on Religion.............................................................4
3.3 Architecture...............................................................................................4
3.4 Literary and artistic books.........................................................................4
3.5 Festival......................................................................................................5
4. The reason Buddhism has a position in Southeast Asia and has become
the official ideology of many countries and the state religion in some
Southeast Asian countries....................................................................................5
4.1. Buddhism integrates with local beliefs:.......................................................5
4.2. Compatibility with local culture...................................................................6
4.3. Satisfaction of spiritual need:......................................................................6
4.4 Spread through cultural and trade exchanges:.............................................6
4.5. Spread and influence of monks and missionaries:.......................................7
CONCLUSION........................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION
Buddhism in Southeast Asia has had an extremely profound influence on culture,
religion and society in this region. With the growth and diversity of Buddhist
traditions and beliefs, it has become an indispensable part of the daily lives of
Southeast Asian people.
CONTENT
1. The foundation for the formation and development of Buddhism
Buddhism is a major religion originating from India and was founded by
Buddha Siddhartha Gautama around the 6th century BC, also known as Buddha.
Buddhism is not only a religion but also a philosophy of life and an ethical
system. According to the Buddha's teachings, the main cause of human suffering is
attachment to desire, greed and dissatisfaction. Buddha discovered four noble
truths, including the truth about suffering, the truth about the cause of suffering,
the truth about the extinction of suffering and the truth about the path leading to the
extinction of suffering. These are called the Four Representative Truths.
Buddhism teaches that to escape suffering, people need to follow the Eightfold
Path, including the rules of right living, the rules of right action, and the rules of
right thinking. Central to Buddhism is liberation from samsara and the attainment
of enlightenment and nirvana, in which the practitioner achieves a state of purity
and supreme illumination. Buddhism has many different schools and descendants
around the world. The main sects include Zen, Pure Land, Central and Mahayana
Buddhism.
Each sect has its own methods of practice and teaching, but all aim at the goal
of liberation and enlightenment. Buddhism has had a profound influence on the
culture, art and philosophy of many Asian countries and around the world.
Temples and shrines are sacred and important places in Buddhism, where people
make offerings, listen to sutras, and practice.
In short, Buddhism is a religion and philosophy of life that originated in India
and is based on enlightenment and liberation from suffering. It focuses on spiritual
practice and adherence to correct moral rules to achieve enlightenment and
nirvana.
2. The process of Introducing Buddhism to South East Asia
Buddhism is a major religion with important influence in Asia. From India,
following different paths, Buddhism was transmitted to Southeast Asia from the
3rd century BC and became the state religion, closely associated with the political
and social life of some Southeast Asian countries.
Born in India in the 6th century BC. By the 3rd century BC, with the support of
Emperor Ashoha, missionary groups were sent to neighboring countries to spread
Buddhist teachings such as: the Northwest region of Shravasti, Pataliputra, Taxila,
Sri Lanka, Central Region. Asia, China, Myanmar, Thailand, etc. The most notable
monk is Guru Mahinda, son of King Ashoka, who brought Buddhism to Sri Lanka
in the 3rd century BC. Other monks have also come from India and spread
Buddhism to countries in the region such as Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand
and Vietnam. The missionary paths of these delegations were in two directions,
along important trade routes of the ancient world. Besides the propaganda
delegations sent by monks that we know today through archaeological relics,
Buddhism also penetrated ancient Southeast Asia through trade routes. On
merchant ships from India, there were monks accompanying them to pray and
make offerings to the Three Jewels.
From the 3rd century BC to the 1st millennium AD, Buddhism was transmitted
through Southeast Asia by sea with both Theravada and Mahayana lineages.
Amaravati-style Buddhist artifacts discovered in Funan and Indochina have
reinforced the presence of the Mahayana lineage alongside the Theravada lineage
in Southeast Asia from the early introduction of Buddhism.
Two schools of Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism is spread and developed in
Southeast Asian countries such as Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Thailand (Thailand), Burma
(Myanmar, Burma), Laos (Laos) , Cambodia (Cambodia) and part of southern
Vietnam. Today there are many people who follow Theravada Buddhism in India,
throughout Europe, Australia and North America. Mahayana Buddhism developed
in East Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Vietnam, and Tibet
(in present-day China's Qinghai province).
3. The Influence of Buddhism on some ares in Southeast Asia
3.1 The influence of Theravada Buddhism in the social life of Southeast Asian
countries
Thai, Cambodian, Lao, and Burmese monks play a particularly great role in
household life. He became a moral example, a central figure, a spiritual support, a
defender of traditional Buddhist values. In Thailand, many feudal dynasties relied
on the prestige and strength of Buddhism to consolidate their position. There are
cases where the king and monk do not discriminate, the king is also the monk and
the monk becomes the king. In Laos, through many dynasties, kings and monks
were closely intertwined in solving many national political problems.
·
3.2Buddhism’s Influence on Religion
Buddhism has become the official ideology of many countries and the state
religion in some Southeast Asian countries. The truth is that there are 4 out of 5
mainland countries in Southeast Asia with a majority of the population who
consider themselves Buddhists in Theravada Buddhism being spread and
developed in Southeast Asian countries. In other words, Theravada Buddism is the
largest religion in Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, and Cambodia. For example, more
than 96% of Cambodians follow Theravada Buddhism while about 95% of Thais
follow the same religion.
3.3Architecture
For Southeast Asian countries that follow Theravada Buddhism, Theravada
Buddhism is extremely important. In fact, it has had effects on various cultural
elements such as architecture, festivals and so on. The clearest is in architecture.
Specifically, the greatest architectural works built in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia
and Myanmar are the stupas (in Cambodia there is Angkorwat, or in Laos there is
That Luang, in Myanmar there is Shwedagon Golden Pagoda, in Thailand there is
Phra That Klang Nam,....). The purposen of the stupas is keep holy relics. The
pagodas were built to commemorate the life of the Buddha and his sacred shrines
and the feature of Buddhist pagodas in Southeast Asia had decorated with alots of
gold. But unlike Mahayana Buddhist temples in the North, temples in Southeast
Asia have a very special meaning. Here, the pagoda is not only a religious center
but also a socio-cultural center. The pagoda is also a school of writing and religion
for people's children, a place for writing literature. In Laos and Cambodia, some
great poets grew up in pagodas (Dê Xa Sôm, Mătê Xôm Botum).
3.4 Literary and artistic books
When building traditional written literature in some Southeast Asian countries, in
addition to receiving Buddhist scriptures and teachings, it has received Indian
scriptures, thereby receiving topics, plots, works of Buddhist literature. in Laos,
Thailand, Myanmar, literature has many trends and properties, in which literature
of a Buddhist nature accounts for a significant number of works.
For example : In Thailand,one of the highly regarded literary works typical of the
Sukhothai period is Trayphum (Three Worlds) written by King Lithay. This is the
first book written in Thai, only unfortunately the original is no longer available.
The three worlds mentioned in this work are the earth, hell, and heaven; they are
the world of lust, of punishment, and of compensation. Tray Phum is a set of books
classified as sacred books by Thai Buddhism. The contents of the book are often
used to illustrate on the walls of temples and are read during large ceremonies.
Tray Phum is considered a giant book on the cosmology and ethics of Thai
Buddhism. It was its ethical notions that became the basis for Thailand's later
doctrine of Buddhism.
The Buddhist ideology not only influenced the author but also deeply influenced
the public to enjoy literature. Temple literature with Buddhist characteristics has
become a prominent feature of Lao - Thai - Myanmar literature. Buddhist
teachings have become the dominant ideology in many literary works. Therefore,
when exposed to Lao - Thai - Myanmar literature, the contradictions, especially
class conflicts and struggles are often not as strong as those in other Southeast
Asian countries.
3.5 Festival
Theravada Buddhism also has an impact on traditional festivals in Southeast
Asian countries. Partly to show the people's faith. Finally, to show respect for
Buddhism
For example: the New Year festival in Thailand (Songkran) Cambodia (Bon
Chol Chhnam Thmei), Laos (Pi Mai Lao) and Myanmar (Thingyan) also reflects
the impact of Buddhism, local people often come to the pagoda to make offerings
and pray and they also practice rituals to clean Buddha images and statues with
perfumed water
Buddhist religious activities have always been an important part of the lives of
Southeast Asian people. In Thailand , from birth, adulthood, wedding ceremonies,
vegetarian ghosts... are related to temples and monks as naming ceremonies,
ordination ceremonies, weddings and funerals
4. The reason Buddhism has a position in Southeast Asia and has become the
official ideology of many countries and the state religion in some Southeast
Asian countries.
4.1. Buddhism integrates with local beliefs:
Buddhism has blended with local beliefs and spiritual traditions, creating a unique
and harmonious combination. That makes Buddhism develop in parallel with local
beliefs, enriching the religious and spiritual color of that locality.
For example, in Myanmar, Buddhism has assimilated with elements of Hinduism
and local spiritual traditions, forming a distinctive expression of Theravada
Buddhism called "Buddhism of Myanmar" or "Burmese". Buddhism". Like
Myanmar's Buddhist temple Shwezigon Pagoda was built based on a unique
architecture combining Buddhist and Hindu elements. Several statues of Brahma
and Indra are placed in the temple yard, symbolizing the harmony between the two
religions.
Theravada Buddhism in Thailand has blended with elements of Hinduism and
local spiritual traditions. For example, Wat Arun Temple in Bangkok combines
Buddhist architecture and Hindu architecture, symbolizing the blend of two faiths.
4.2. Compatibility with local culture
Buddhism has found compatibility with the traditional values and beliefs of many
countries in Southeast Asia by adapting and integrating with rituals, festivals,
Build appropriate architecture, respecting local traditions.
For example, in Thailand, Theravada Buddhism has become the official religion
and is considered an integral part of people's culture and life. Buddhist festivals,
such as Kathina, Visakha Bucha and Loy Krathong, became important and notable
events in Thai history and culture.
4.3. Satisfaction of spiritual need:
Buddhism has met the need to find spiritual meaning and peace in the lives of
many Southeast Asian people. Buddhism with its spirit of Compassion, Wisdom
and equality, has gradually entered the cultural life of the community, saving
people, saving the world, building a holy society, doing good, avoiding evil and
being rich in kindness. The spirit of Buddhism is consistent with civilized society,
with people's desire for truth, goodness and justice in life.
For example, Buddhist temples and pilgrimage sites such as ShwedagonPagoda in
Myanmar, Wat Phra Kaew in Thailand and Bai Dinh in Vietnam attract thousands
of people to visit and participate in spiritual activities. These places became
important destinations for people seeking spiritual guidance and feeling love and
compassion.
4.4 Spread through cultural and trade exchanges:
Buddhism has been spread and developed through trade routes and cultural
exchanges. For example, in Vietnam, as a center of the Mahayana Buddhist faith,
monks and followers have participated in propaganda activities through routes
such as the Tibet-India-China Great Highway. Quoc. In addition, religious and
cultural exchanges between countries in the region, such as through trade and
pilgrimage, have also contributed to the spread and development of Buddhism in
Southeast Asia.
4.5. Spread and influence of monks and missionaries:
Buddhist monks played an important role in spreading and developing this
religion. For example, Master Thich Nhat Hanh (Vietnam) and His Holiness the
Dalai Lama (Tibet) are influential figures in evangelizing and building a large
Buddhist community. People's respect and trust in monks has helped Buddhism
maintain its position and develop in Southeast Asia.
CONCLUSION
In general, Buddhism in Southeast Asia is deeply influenced by the two
civilizations of India and China, influencing many elements of many Southeast
Asian countries. The harmonious combination of indigenous religious elements
with the tolerance of Buddhism has created a unique feature for Buddhism in
Southeast Asia. That is the reason why Buddhism exists and develops, becoming
the main religion and playing a huge role in the cultural and social life of Southeast
Asia.
