MEMBERS:

BELLO, RAQUEL

PADERON, VIO
NEPUNAN, CHERRY LOU

BELLEN, KENN

VERGARA, IRISH
BRIANNA
DIN, STACEY
 INTRODUCTION TO

BUILDING PROCESS
Presented by: GROUP 10
 ICE
BREAKER
LET’S PLAY!
PLAYER 1 HIGHSCORE 2500

CORE MEMORY
“DO NOT LET YOUR CORE MEMORY FADES”
 WHAT IS A BUILDING
PROCESS?
The building process refers to the series of
activities involved in constructing a structure,
such as a house, office building, or other types
of buildings. This typically includes planning,
design, obtaining permits, site preparation,
construction, and finishing work.

Understanding the building process is crucial as it allows

individuals to comprehend the various steps involved in
constructing a building. This knowledge helps in making
informed decisions, ensuring that the project runs
smoothly, stays within budget, and meets the desired
specifications. It also enables effective communication
with architects, engineers, and contractors, leading to
successful completion of the construction project.
1. PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE
encompasses all activities that take place before the
formal start of a construction project.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

A. PLANNING AND DESIGN

At the very start of every
pre construction process, it
helps to have an
understanding of what the
project’s owner is
requesting. In it, the
contractor conducting
preconstruction activities
will determine a
reasonable project scope
that gets the client as
close as possible to their
ideal state in an efficient
manner.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

B. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Establish whether the
project is viable. Then
identify a range of
feasible options before
you begin the process of
preparing other project
documentation such as
clarifying the business
need, formulating a
business case, scoping a
project execution plan
and strategic brief and
so on.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

C. SITE ANALYSIS
Location and site
conditions can have
a magnitude of
impacts on
construction costs
and schedule.
Therefore, this should
be evaluated
carefully and early in
the process.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

D. PERMITTING AND APPROVALS

After the initial pre-
construction stage,
parties execute a
construction design build
agreement which will
authorize the builder to
complete the facility
design on the owner’s
behalf. In it, the
contractor overseeing
these activities may
acquire the necessary
permits in order for the
project to commence.
 PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

E. BUDGETING AND FINANCING

Location and site conditions can have a magnitude of impacts on
construction costs and schedule. Therefore, this should be
evaluated carefully and early in the process.

The outcome of this exploration is essential for understanding

whether the project is feasible and worth proceeding with.

Contractors use a variety of strategies during the estimating

process, including:
referencing past projects with comparable requirements
receiving quotes from subcontractors and material suppliers
determining the profit they would likely earn during the
project
2. SITE PREPARATION
 SITE PREPARATION

A. LAND CLEARING
This involves removing trees, stumps, brush, stones, and other
obstacles from an area to get it ready for construction or farming.
 SITE PREPARATION

B. SITE SURVEYING
This is the practice of measuring and mapping the land to figure
out its exact boundaries, topography, and features, often using
specialized tools and techniques.
 SITE PREPARATION

C. EXCAVATION
This refers to digging, removing, and relocating earth, rocks, and
other materials to create a foundation for construction projects like
buildings, roads, and infrastructure.
3. FOUNDATION
CONSTRUCTION
 FOUNDATION
CONSTRUCTION

A. FOOTING
Footing is a crucial component of foundation construction,
providing support and stability to structures by distributing the
weight of the building to the underlying soil.
TYPES OF FOOTING
 TYPES OF FOOTING

ISOLATED FOOTING COMBINED FOOTING

Used to support single columns. Supports two or more columns.
 TYPES OF FOOTING

STRIP OR CONTINUOUS FOOTING STRAP OR CANTILEVER FOOTING

Supports a linear structure Used to connect two footings with a
like a wall. beam to balance loads near property
lines.
 TYPES OF FOOTING

RAFT OR MAT FOOTING

Used for large areas where individual
footings would be inadequate.
 FOUNDATION
CONSTRUCTION

B. FOUNDATION
Foundation is the lower portion of a building structure that transfers the
load of the building to the ground, providing stability and support.
Foundations can be broadly categorized into two types which are
Shallow and Deep Foundation.
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
SHALLOW FOUNDATION

SPREAD FOUNDATION
Distributes the load
over a wide area.
SHALLOW FOUNDATION

Strip Foundation
Supports a linear structure,
such as a wall.
 SHALLOW FOUNDATION

RAFT OR MAT FOUNDATION

A large slab supporting the entire
structure, used when loads are high or
soil conditions are poor.
 DEEP FOUNDATION

PILE FOUNDATION PIER FOUNDATION

A long slender columns A large diameter shafts
driven deep into the ground. drilled into the ground.
 4. SUPERSTRUCTURE
CONSTRUCTION
includes essential structural aspects like as framing, flooring, wall
construction, and roofing, which are critical to a building's overall
structure and function.

• Framing • Wall construction

• Flooring • Roofing
 FRAMING
•Framing creates the structural framework that supports the
superstructure and transfers loads to the base.
Wood, steel, and concrete are common frame materials,
with each providing unique strengths and design options.

•Framing is the process of forming the building's skeleton, which

includes beams, columns, and trusses, in order to establish the
structural integrity and shape of the superstructure.
 FRAMING
Timber framing Skeleton steel framing
 FLOORING
Flooring provides a horizontal surface for occupants to walk on while
also supporting interior construction elements.

Flooring materials include hardwood, tile, carpet, concrete, and laminate,

which are chosen for their utility, aesthetics, and maintenance
requirements. Installation: The subfloor and finishing materials must be
installed correctly to provide durability, stability, and aesthetics.
 FLOORING
Concrete Laminate
 FLOORING
Hardwood Tile
 WALL
Walls enclose, support, and divide spaces within a building, contributing
to its structural integrity and design. Materials for walls include bricks,
concrete blocks, wood framing with plasterboard and steel frame with
plasterboard.

All of which have various qualities and finishes. Design considerations in

wall construction include load-bearing capability, insulation,
soundproofing, fire resistance, and the incorporation of openings for
windows and doors.
 WALL
Brick Concrete blocks
 WALL
Wood framing Steel framing
 ROOFING
The roof protects the building from the weather elements, provides
insulation, and adds to the architectural character of the structure.

Asphalt shingles, metal roofing, clay tiles, slate, and green roofs are
among the roofing materials available, with climate, aesthetics, and
sustainability all taking into consideration.

Construction - Weatherproofing, energy efficiency, and lifespan require

proper roof framework, underlayment, flashing, and roofing material
installation.
 ROOFING
Asphalt shingles Metal roofing
 ROOFING
Clay tile Green roofs
 5. EXTERIOR WORK
Exterior work encompasses a variety of activities related to
the outside of buildings, such as landscaping, painting,
roofing, and siding.
 WINDOWS AND DOORS
Doors and windows involve selecting and installing
components that enhance both the functionality and
aesthetics of a building's exterior. Imagine exploring the
various types of materials like wood, aluminum, vinyl, and
fiberglass, each with its own set of advantages for
insulation, security, and style.
 SIDING AND CLADDING
Sidings and claddings involve the installation of protective
and decorative layers on the outside of buildings. These
materials not only enhance the appearance of a structure
but also provide vital protection against weather elements.
Discovering how materials like vinyl, wood, fiber cement,
and metal not only add unique aesthetic value but also
offer varying levels of durability, maintenance needs, and
insulation properties.
SIDING AND CLADDING
 INSULATION

Insulation focuses on improving a building's energy

efficiency and comfort by adding insulating materials to its
outer walls, roofs, and foundations.
 INTERIOR WORKS

Interior works encompass a wide range of activities aimed

at enhancing the functionality, aesthetics, and comfort of a
building's indoor spaces. This includes everything from
installing drywall, flooring, and ceiling systems to painting,
cabinetry, and trim work.
 PLUMBING

Plumbing involve the installation, repair, and maintenance

of water supply and drainage systems within a building.
Delving into the intricacies of designing a layout that
ensures efficient water flow and waste removal while
minimizing the risk of leaks and water damage.
 HVAC

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) involve the

installation, maintenance, and optimization of systems that
regulate a building's indoor climate.
 ELECTRICAL

Interior works for electrical systems involve the installation

and maintenance of wiring, outlets, switches, and electrical
panels within a building.
 DRYWALL

Interior works for drywalls involve the installation and

finishing of gypsum boards to create smooth and durable
wall and ceiling surfaces. Exploring the various techniques
for cutting, attaching, and taping drywall to achieve a
seamless look.
 FLOORING

Interior work for flooring involves selecting, installing, and

finishing various types of flooring materials like hardwood,
laminate, tile, carpet, and vinyl to enhance the aesthetic
appeal and functionality of indoor spaces.
 FINISHING WORK
PAINTING AND DECORATING
IMPORTANCE:
Enhances Aesthetics: Adds color and character to a building, creating a pleasing
and inviting environment.

Protects Surfaces: Paint acts as a barrier against moisture, dust, and UV rays,
prolonging the life of walls and surfaces.

Mood and Functionality: Different colors and finishes can affect the mood of a
room and its suitability for various activities.
 FINISHING WORK
PAINTING AND DECORATING
IMPORTANCE: TYPES OF PAINTS
Enhances Aesthetics: Adds Matte: Provides a smooth, non-reflective finish,
color and character to a ideal for hiding wall imperfections.
building, creating a pleasing
and inviting environment. Gloss and Semi-Gloss: Durable and easy to clean,
perfect for high-traffic areas and trim.
Protects Surfaces: Paint acts
as a barrier against moisture,
dust, and UV rays, prolonging
the life of walls and surfaces.

Mood and Functionality:

Different colors and finishes
can affect the mood of a room
and its suitability for various
activities.
 FINISHING WORK
PAINTING AND DECORATING TRIM AND MILLWORK
TECHNIQUE AND TOOLS: PURPOSE:
Rolling: Efficient for covering Enhances Interior Design: Adds
large areas quickly. architectural interest and elegance to
rooms.
Brushing: Allows for detailed
work and edges. Protects Walls: Baseboards and chair
rails help prevent damage from
Spraying: Provides a smooth, furniture and everyday use.
even coat, especially on
textured surfaces COMMON MATERIALS:
Wood: Classic and durable, offers a
natural look.
MDF (Medium-Density Fiberboard):
Cost-effective and smooth, ideal for
painting.
 FINISHING WORK
TRIM AND MILLWORK CABINETRY AND COUNTERTOPS
INSTALLATION PROCESS: IMPORTANCE:
Measuring and Cutting: Adds Functionality and Design: Provides essential
Precision is key for fitting pieces storage and workspace, enhancing kitchen and
correctly. bathroom usability.

Nailing and Gluing: Securely Defines Style: Cabinet and countertop choices set
attaches trim to walls. the tone for the room’s overall aesthetic.

Caulking and Painting: Fills gaps MATERIALS USED:

and provides a finished look. Wood: Offers warmth and versatility, available
in various finishes.

Laminate: Budget-friendly and available in

many styles.

Granite and Quartz: Durable and luxurious, ideal

for high-end finishes.
 FINISHING WORK
CABINETRY AND
COUNTERTOPS FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES
OPTIONS: ROLE:
Custom: Tailored to specific Essential for Functionality: Lighting, plumbing, and
needs and preferences, offering appliances are critical for daily operations.
unique designs.
Enhances Aesthetics: Well-chosen fixtures and
Prefabricated: Cost-effective appliances contribute to the overall design and feel
and quicker to install, with of the space.
standard sizes and styles.
TYPES OF FIXTURES:
Lighting: Chandeliers, recessed lights, and
under-cabinet lighting for ambiance and task
lighting.

Plumbing: Faucets, sinks, and showers,

combining practicality with style.
 FINISHING WORK
FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES
INSTALLMENT CONSIDERATIONS:
Placement: Strategic positioning for convenience and efficiency.

Safety: Ensuring all installations meet safety standards and codes.

 LANDSCAPING AND
EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS
GRADING AND DRAINAGE
IMPORTANCE:
Prevents Water Damage: Proper grading directs water away from the
building, preventing foundation issues.

Ensures Building Longevity: Effective drainage systems reduce erosion

and maintain the integrity of the landscape.

TECHNIQUES:
Shaping the Land: Creating slopes to guide water flow.

Drainage Solutions: Implementing French drains, gutters, and swales to

manage runoff.
 LANDSCAPING AND
EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS
DRIVEWAYS AND WALKWAYS
MATERIALS USED:
Concrete: Durable and versatile, suitable for various
designs.

Asphalt: Cost-effective and quick to install.

Pavers: Attractive and customizable, offering a range

of patterns and colors.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
Aesthetics: Complementing the overall look of the property.

Functionality: Ensuring safe and easy access for vehicles and pedestrians.
 LANDSCAPING AND
EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS
DRIVEWAYS AND WALKWAYS
INSTALLATION PROCESS:
Excavation: Preparing the site by removing soil and
debris.

Base Preparation: Laying a solid foundation for

durability.

Paving: Applying and setting the chosen material.

 LANDSCAPING AND
EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS
LANDSCAPING
ROLE:
Enhances Curb Appeal and Property Value: Well-designed landscaping
creates a positive first impression and increases home value.

Improves Environmental Quality: Plants and trees contribute to air

purification and cooling.

TYPES OF LANDSCAPING:
Lawns: Provides open, green spaces for recreation
and aesthetics.

Gardens: Adds color, texture, and biodiversity with

flowers and plants.

Hardscapes: Includes patios, retaining walls, and

pathways, offering functional outdoor living spaces.
 LANDSCAPING AND
EXTERIOR IMPROVEMENTS
LANDSCAPING:
SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES:
Native Plants: Using local species that require less water and maintenance.

Xeriscaping: Designing landscapes to reduce water use, ideal for dry

climates.
 FINAL INSPECTIONS AND
TURNOVER
1.FINAL INSPECTIONS 2. FUNCH LIST
Purpose: To ensure that all building Purpose: To identify and rectify
components meet quality standards and are minor issues before the building is
ready for occupancy. officially handed over.

Steps: Steps:
Compile a list of items requiring
Conduct thorough inspections of structural attention (e.g., cosmetic defects,
elements, finishes, systems (electrical, missing hardware, minor
plumbing, HVAC), and safety features. repairs).
Address any outstanding issues or Prioritize the items based on
deficiencies. urgency.
Verify compliance with building codes and Coordinate with contractors to
regulations. address each item.
FINAL INSPECTIONS AND
TURNOVER
3. TURNOVER

Purpose: To transfer the completed building to the owner or occupants.

Steps:

Prepare necessary documentation (e.g., as-built drawings, warranties,

manuals).
Hand over keys and access cards.
Conduct a walkthrough with the owner to explain building features
and systems.
 POST-CONSTRUCTIONS
1.MAINTENANCE AND
OPERATIONS 2. WARRANTY PERIOD
Purpose: To address any issues
Purpose: To ensure smooth building covered by warranties.
operations and longevity.
Steps:
Steps: Keep track of warranty expiration
dates.
Establish maintenance protocols (e.g., Document and report any defects
cleaning schedules, filter replacements). or malfunctions during the
·Train facility staff on equipment warranty period.
operation and emergency procedures.
Monitor building performance and Coordinate with contractors or
address maintenance needs promptly. suppliers for necessary repairs.
 POST-CONSTRUCTIONS
3. POST-OCCUPANCY During final inspections, several common issues
may arise. Here are some of them:
EVALUATION
1. Faulty Wiring: Electrical problems, such as
Purpose: faulty wiring hidden behind walls, can be a
To assess user significant issue.
satisfaction and building 2. Leaky Plumbing: Leaks or other plumbing
performance. issues should be addressed promptly.
3. Improper Framing: Structural framing that
Steps: doesn’t meet standards can be flagged.
Gather feedback from 4. Non-Compliance with ADA Standards: Ensuring
occupants (surveys, compliance with the Americans with Disabilities
interviews). Act (ADA) is crucial.
Evaluate energy
efficiency, comfort, Additionally, in home/building inspections, other
and functionality. common issues include roof problems (missing or
Identify areas for damaged shingles), electrical issues, and poor
improvement. insulation.
THANK YOU
Presented by: GROUP 10