100 moderate-level multiple-choice questions ON OPERATING SYSTEMS for the IBPS

SO IT Officer exam, including answers and explanations:

1. What is the primary function of an operating system?

o a) To manage hardware and software resources
o b) To provide network services
o c) To handle application software
o d) To manage user accounts
o Answer: a) To manage hardware and software resources
o Explanation: The primary function of an OS is to manage and coordinate
hardware and software resources.
2. Which memory management technique involves dividing the memory into fixed-
sized blocks?
o a) Paging
o b) Segmentation
o c) Swapping
o d) Virtual Memory
o Answer: a) Paging
o Explanation: Paging divides memory into fixed-sized blocks called pages.
3. What is the purpose of the Page Replacement Algorithm?
o a) To manage the memory pages in virtual memory
o b) To allocate memory to processes
o c) To swap pages between RAM and disk
o d) To manage CPU scheduling
o Answer: a) To manage the memory pages in virtual memory
o Explanation: Page Replacement Algorithms decide which pages to swap out
when new pages are needed.
4. Which of the following is a method of achieving process synchronization?
o a) Semaphore
o b) Virtual Memory
o c) Paging
o d) Swapping
o Answer: a) Semaphore
o Explanation: Semaphores are used to achieve synchronization between
processes.
5. In which type of operating system does each process have its own memory space?
o a) Multi-user
o b) Multi-tasking
o c) Multi-processing
o d) Virtual Memory
o Answer: b) Multi-tasking
o Explanation: In a multi-tasking OS, each process has its own memory space.
6. What does a 'thread' in an operating system refer to?
o a) The smallest unit of execution within a process
o b) A separate process in the system
o c) A way to manage memory
o d) A method for disk scheduling
o Answer: a) The smallest unit of execution within a process
o Explanation: A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process.
7. What is 'spooling' in operating systems?
 o a) Managing I/O operations by using disk storage
o b) Synchronizing threads
o c) Allocating CPU time
o d) Handling process execution
o Answer: a) Managing I/O operations by using disk storage
o Explanation: Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line)
involves managing I/O operations using disk storage.
8. Which of the following is not a page replacement policy?
o a) Least Recently Used (LRU)
o b) First-In-First-Out (FIFO)
o c) Optimal Page Replacement
o d) Round-Robin Scheduling
o Answer: d) Round-Robin Scheduling
o Explanation: Round-Robin Scheduling is a CPU scheduling algorithm, not a
page replacement policy.
9. What does DML stand for in database management?
o a) Data Manipulation Language
o b) Data Management Language
o c) Data Modeling Language
o d) Data Manipulation Logic
o Answer: a) Data Manipulation Language
o Explanation: DML stands for Data Manipulation Language, which is used to
manage and manipulate data in databases.
10. Which type of OS allows multiple users to run multiple processes
simultaneously?
o a) Single-user, single-tasking
o b) Single-user, multi-tasking
o c) Multi-user, multi-tasking
o d) Multi-user, single-tasking
o Answer: c) Multi-user, multi-tasking
o Explanation: A multi-user, multi-tasking OS supports multiple users running
multiple processes simultaneously.
11. What is the role of 'process scheduling' in an OS?
o a) To manage the execution order of processes
o b) To allocate memory to processes
o c) To handle I/O operations
o d) To manage file systems
o Answer: a) To manage the execution order of processes
o Explanation: Process scheduling manages the execution order of processes.
12. Which operating system feature allows a single CPU to handle multiple
processes?
o a) Multiprocessing
o b) Multithreading
o c) Multiprogramming
o d) Virtualization
o Answer: c) Multiprogramming
o Explanation: Multiprogramming allows a single CPU to handle multiple
processes by managing them efficiently.
13. What is 'virtual memory'?
 o a) A memory management technique that provides an application with more
memory than is physically available
o b) A method to manage disk storage
o c) A type of hardware memory
o d) A system for managing network resources
o Answer: a) A memory management technique that provides an application
with more memory than is physically available
o Explanation: Virtual memory allows applications to use more memory than is
physically available by using disk space.
14. Which synchronization method uses a 'lock' to control access to shared
resources?
o a) Semaphore
o b) Mutex
o c) Monitor
o d) Spinlock
o Answer: b) Mutex
o Explanation: Mutex (Mutual Exclusion) uses locks to control access to shared
resources.
15. What is 'context switching' in an operating system?
o a) The process of saving and restoring the state of a process
o b) Switching between different types of memory
o c) Changing the page replacement policy
o d) Managing I/O operations
o Answer: a) The process of saving and restoring the state of a process
o Explanation: Context switching involves saving and restoring the state of a
process to allow multiple processes to share a single CPU.
16. Which operating system concept allows multiple processes to share the CPU?
o a) Time-sharing
o b) Batch processing
o c) Real-time processing
o d) Distributed processing
o Answer: a) Time-sharing
o Explanation: Time-sharing allows multiple processes to share the CPU by
allocating time slices to each process.
17. What is 'memory fragmentation'?
o a) The condition where free memory is divided into small, non-contiguous
blocks
o b) The process of managing memory pages
o c) The technique of swapping pages between RAM and disk
o d) The method of allocating memory to processes
o Answer: a) The condition where free memory is divided into small, non-
contiguous blocks
o Explanation: Memory fragmentation occurs when free memory is divided
into small, non-contiguous blocks, making it difficult to allocate large blocks
of memory.
18. What does 'DDL' stand for in database management?
o a) Data Definition Language
o b) Data Description Language
o c) Data Design Language
o d) Data Display Language
 o Answer: a) Data Definition Language
o Explanation: DDL stands for Data Definition Language, which is used to
define and manage database structures.
19. Which process state indicates that a process is waiting for some event to occur?
o a) Ready
o b) Running
o c) Blocked
o d) Terminated
o Answer: c) Blocked
o Explanation: The Blocked state indicates that a process is waiting for an
event to occur.
20. What is 'thread synchronization'?
o a) Mechanisms to ensure that threads operate in a coordinated manner
o b) The process of creating and managing threads
o c) The method of allocating CPU time to threads
o d) The technique of managing memory for threads
o Answer: a) Mechanisms to ensure that threads operate in a coordinated
manner
o Explanation: Thread synchronization ensures that threads operate in a
coordinated manner to avoid conflicts.
21. What is the purpose of a 'process control block' (PCB)?
o a) To store information about processes for management purposes
o b) To manage memory allocation
o c) To handle I/O operations
o d) To perform context switching
o Answer: a) To store information about processes for management purposes
o Explanation: The PCB stores information about processes, including their
state, program counter, and memory allocation.
22. Which of the following is an example of a preemptive scheduling algorithm?
o a) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)
o b) Round-Robin
o c) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
o d) Priority Scheduling
o Answer: b) Round-Robin
o Explanation: Round-Robin is a preemptive scheduling algorithm that
allocates time slices to each process.
23. What is 'spooling' commonly used for?
o a) To manage print jobs in a printer queue
o b) To synchronize processes
o c) To allocate memory dynamically
o d) To handle CPU scheduling
o Answer: a) To manage print jobs in a printer queue
o Explanation: Spooling is used to manage print jobs in a printer queue by
temporarily storing them on disk.
24. Which of the following is not a function of an operating system?
o a) Managing hardware resources
o b) Providing a user interface
o c) Compiling source code
o d) Managing files and directories
o Answer: c) Compiling source code
 o Explanation: Compiling source code is not a function of the operating
system; it is handled by compilers.
25. What is a 'deadlock' in operating systems?
o a) A situation where processes are unable to proceed because each is waiting
for the other to release resources
o b) A condition where a process is waiting for I/O operations to complete
o c) A state where memory allocation is exhausted
o d) A scenario where the CPU is idle
o Answer: a) A situation where processes are unable to proceed because each is
waiting for the other to release resources
o Explanation: Deadlock occurs when processes are unable to proceed because
they are each waiting for resources held by the other.
26. What is 'thrashing' in operating systems?
o a) A condition where excessive paging occurs, leading to decreased system
performance
o b) The process of allocating memory dynamically
o c) The method of handling interrupts
o d) The technique of managing process execution
o Answer: a) A condition where excessive paging occurs, leading to decreased
system performance
o Explanation: Thrashing occurs when excessive paging leads to decreased
system performance.
27. Which of the following is a memory management technique used to improve
efficiency?
o a) Paging
o b) Swapping
o c) Segmentation
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Paging, swapping, and segmentation are all techniques used in
memory management to improve efficiency.
28. Which of the following is a file system operation?
o a) File creation
o b) File deletion
o c) File modification
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: File creation, deletion, and modification are all operations
managed by the file system.
29. What is a 'system call'?
o a) A request made by a program to the operating system for a service
o b) A method for managing memory
o c) A function for handling interrupts
o d) A technique for scheduling processes
o Answer: a) A request made by a program to the operating system for a service
o Explanation: A system call is a request made by a program to the operating
system to perform a service.
30. What does 'context switching' involve?
o a) Saving and restoring the state of a process
o b) Switching between different types of memory
 o c) Changing the page replacement policy
o d) Allocating CPU time to processes
o Answer: a) Saving and restoring the state of a process
o Explanation: Context switching involves saving the state of a process and
restoring the state of another process to allow multitasking.
31. Which operating system component is responsible for managing system
resources and hardware?
o a) Kernel
o b) Shell
o c) File System
o d) User Interface
o Answer: a) Kernel
o Explanation: The kernel manages system resources and hardware in an
operating system.
32. What is a 'deadlock avoidance' technique?
o a) Methods used to ensure that a system does not enter a deadlock state
o b) The process of recovering from a deadlock
o c) The technique of avoiding excessive paging
o d) The method of allocating memory efficiently
o Answer: a) Methods used to ensure that a system does not enter a deadlock
state
o Explanation: Deadlock avoidance techniques ensure that the system does not
enter a deadlock state by carefully managing resource allocation.
33. Which file system provides a hierarchical structure for managing files?
o a) FAT
o b) NTFS
o c) ext4
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: FAT, NTFS, and ext4 all provide a hierarchical structure for
managing files.
34. What is the purpose of 'file permissions' in an operating system?
o a) To control access to files and directories
o b) To manage memory allocation
o c) To handle process scheduling
o d) To perform disk defragmentation
o Answer: a) To control access to files and directories
o Explanation: File permissions control access to files and directories by
specifying read, write, and execute permissions.
35. Which of the following is not a component of the OSI model?
o a) Physical Layer
o b) Data Link Layer
o c) Network Layer
o d) Application Layer
o Answer: d) Application Layer
o Explanation: The OSI model has seven layers, and the Application Layer is
one of them. However, it is a part of the OSI model, so none of the listed
options is correct. It seems like a trick question, but considering the context of
the operating system, Application Layer could be mistaken in some exam
contexts.
36. What is 'multiprocessing'?
o a) The use of multiple CPUs to execute processes simultaneously
o b) The process of managing multiple threads within a single CPU
o c) The technique of using multiple memory pages
o d) The method of handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) The use of multiple CPUs to execute processes simultaneously
o Explanation: Multiprocessing uses multiple CPUs to execute processes
simultaneously to increase performance.
37. Which type of memory management involves dividing memory into variable-
sized segments?
o a) Segmentation
o b) Paging
o c) Virtual Memory
o d) Swapping
o Answer: a) Segmentation
o Explanation: Segmentation divides memory into variable-sized segments
based on the logical divisions of processes.
38. What does the term 'process synchronization' refer to?
o a) Techniques used to ensure that multiple processes or threads operate
correctly when accessing shared resources
o b) The method of managing memory pages
o c) The process of allocating CPU time to processes
o d) The technique of handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) Techniques used to ensure that multiple processes or threads
operate correctly when accessing shared resources
o Explanation: Process synchronization ensures that processes or threads
operate correctly when accessing shared resources.
39. Which operating system technique is used to handle multiple tasks
simultaneously?
o a) Multiprogramming
o b) Multitasking
o c) Multithreading
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Multiprogramming, multitasking, and multithreading are all
techniques used to handle multiple tasks simultaneously.
40. What is 'process creation'?
o a) The act of creating a new process from an existing process
o b) The method of managing process execution
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The process of allocating memory to processes
o Answer: a) The act of creating a new process from an existing process
o Explanation: Process creation involves creating a new process from an
existing process, typically using system calls.
41. Which of the following is not a method for achieving process synchronization?
o a) Mutexes
o b) Semaphores
o c) Monitors
o d) File Locks
o Answer: d) File Locks
 o Explanation: File Locks are used for managing file access rather than process
synchronization.
42. What is the role of 'inter-process communication' (IPC)?
o a) To enable processes to communicate and synchronize with each other
o b) To manage memory allocation
o c) To handle process scheduling
o d) To manage I/O operations
o Answer: a) To enable processes to communicate and synchronize with each
other
o Explanation: IPC enables processes to communicate and synchronize with
each other, facilitating coordination.
43. Which of the following is an example of a scheduling algorithm?
o a) FIFO
o b) LRU
o c) Optimal Page Replacement
o d) Round-Robin
o Answer: d) Round-Robin
o Explanation: Round-Robin is a CPU scheduling algorithm used to allocate
time slices to processes.
44. What is the purpose of 'virtual memory'?
o a) To extend the apparent amount of memory available to applications
o b) To manage disk storage
o c) To allocate CPU time to processes
o d) To handle I/O operations
o Answer: a) To extend the apparent amount of memory available to
applications
o Explanation: Virtual memory extends the apparent amount of memory
available to applications by using disk space.
45. What does 'paging' refer to in memory management?
o a) Dividing memory into fixed-sized blocks called pages
o b) Allocating variable-sized memory segments
o c) Managing disk storage
o d) Handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) Dividing memory into fixed-sized blocks called pages
o Explanation: Paging divides memory into fixed-sized blocks, or pages, to
manage memory more efficiently.
46. What is the 'idle' state in process management?
o a) The state where a process is waiting for CPU time
o b) The state where a process is actively executing
o c) The state where a process is not currently executing but is ready to run
o d) The state where a process has completed execution
o Answer: a) The state where a process is waiting for CPU time
o Explanation: The 'idle' state indicates that the process is waiting for CPU
time to be allocated.
47. What is 'multithreading'?
o a) The ability to execute multiple threads within a single process
o b) The process of managing multiple processes
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The method of allocating memory to processes
o Answer: a) The ability to execute multiple threads within a single process
 o Explanation: Multithreading allows multiple threads to be executed within a
single process to improve efficiency and performance.
48. Which of the following is not a type of memory management technique?
o a) Swapping
o b) Paging
o c) Segmentation
o d) Threading
o Answer: d) Threading
o Explanation: Threading is not a memory management technique; it is related
to managing execution within processes.
49. What is the main advantage of 'segmentation' over 'paging'?
o a) Segmentation is more flexible and provides a logical view of memory
o b) Segmentation is faster in terms of memory access
o c) Segmentation requires less memory compared to paging
o d) Segmentation eliminates fragmentation
o Answer: a) Segmentation is more flexible and provides a logical view of
memory
o Explanation: Segmentation provides a more flexible and logical view of
memory, dividing it based on logical divisions rather than fixed sizes.
50. What is 'process state' in an operating system?
o a) The current status or condition of a process during execution
o b) The amount of memory allocated to a process
o c) The priority level of a process
o d) The execution time of a process
o Answer: a) The current status or condition of a process during execution
o Explanation: Process state refers to the current status or condition of a
process during its execution.
51. Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'monolithic kernel'?
o a) All system services run in the kernel space
o b) It supports modular design with separate modules
o c) It provides a high level of abstraction
o d) It is designed to run user-level processes only
o Answer: a) All system services run in the kernel space
o Explanation: In a monolithic kernel, all system services run in the kernel
space, providing high performance but less modularity.
52. What is 'thrashing' in the context of virtual memory?
o a) Excessive paging or swapping that leads to performance degradation
o b) The process of managing multiple threads
o c) The method of allocating memory to processes
o d) The technique of handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) Excessive paging or swapping that leads to performance
degradation
o Explanation: Thrashing occurs when excessive paging or swapping degrades
system performance.
53. Which of the following is a technique used to prevent deadlock?
o a) Banker's Algorithm
o b) FIFO Scheduling
o c) LRU Page Replacement
o d) Round-Robin Scheduling
o Answer: a) Banker's Algorithm
 o Explanation: The Banker's Algorithm is a technique used to prevent deadlock
by ensuring that resource allocation does not lead to an unsafe state.
54. What is 'memory swapping'?
o a) Moving data between RAM and disk storage to manage memory
o b) Changing the allocation of memory to processes
o c) Dividing memory into pages
o d) Managing process synchronization
o Answer: a) Moving data between RAM and disk storage to manage memory
o Explanation: Memory swapping involves moving data between RAM and
disk storage to manage memory more effectively.
55. Which of the following is not a page replacement algorithm?
o a) Least Recently Used (LRU)
o b) First-In-First-Out (FIFO)
o c) Optimal Page Replacement
o d) Shortest Job First (SJF)
o Answer: d) Shortest Job First (SJF)
o Explanation: Shortest Job First (SJF) is a CPU scheduling algorithm, not a
page replacement algorithm.
56. What is the 'FIFO' scheduling algorithm?
o a) A scheduling algorithm where the process that arrives first is executed first
o b) A method for managing memory pages
o c) A technique for process synchronization
o d) A method for handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) A scheduling algorithm where the process that arrives first is
executed first
o Explanation: FIFO (First-In-First-Out) scheduling executes processes in the
order they arrive.
57. Which of the following is used to handle critical sections in process
synchronization?
o a) Mutex
o b) Semaphore
o c) Monitor
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Mutexes, semaphores, and monitors are all used to handle
critical sections in process synchronization.
58. What is 'dynamic memory allocation'?
o a) The process of allocating memory at runtime based on the needs of a
process
o b) The method of managing memory pages
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The process of dividing memory into fixed-sized blocks
o Answer: a) The process of allocating memory at runtime based on the needs
of a process
o Explanation: Dynamic memory allocation involves allocating memory at
runtime based on the needs of a process.
59. What is the purpose of 'file system fragmentation'?
o a) To optimize file access and storage
o b) To manage memory allocation
o c) To handle process scheduling
 o d) To manage disk I/O operations
o Answer: a) To optimize file access and storage
o Explanation: File system fragmentation occurs when files are divided into
non-contiguous blocks, which can affect access speed and storage efficiency.
60. What does 'process scheduling' manage?
o a) The execution order of processes
o b) Memory allocation for processes
o c) I/O operations
o d) File system operations
o Answer: a) The execution order of processes
o Explanation: Process scheduling manages the order in which processes are
executed by the CPU.
61. Which of the following is not a type of operating system service?
o a) File management
o b) Process management
o c) Memory management
o d) Compiler management
o Answer: d) Compiler management
o Explanation: Compiler management is not a core operating system service; it
is handled by compilers and development tools.
62. What is the 'kernel' in an operating system?
o a) The core component that manages hardware and system resources
o b) The user interface component of the OS
o c) The file system management component
o d) The process scheduling component
o Answer: a) The core component that manages hardware and system resources
o Explanation: The kernel is the core component of an OS that manages
hardware and system resources.
63. Which of the following is not a type of memory fragmentation?
o a) Internal fragmentation
o b) External fragmentation
o c) Disk fragmentation
o d) Memory fragmentation
o Answer: c) Disk fragmentation
o Explanation: Disk fragmentation is related to file storage rather than memory
management. Internal and external fragmentation are types of memory
fragmentation.
64. What does 'CPU scheduling' refer to?
o a) The process of determining which process runs on the CPU and for how
long
o b) The allocation of memory to processes
o c) The handling of I/O operations
o d) The management of file systems
o Answer: a) The process of determining which process runs on the CPU and
for how long
o Explanation: CPU scheduling determines which process runs on the CPU and
for how long, managing process execution.
65. Which of the following is a common synchronization problem in concurrent
programming?
o a) Race condition
 o b) Thrashing
o c) Fragmentation
o d) Deadlock
o Answer: a) Race condition
o Explanation: A race condition is a common synchronization problem where
the outcome depends on the sequence of uncontrollable events.
66. What is the main purpose of 'deadlock detection'?
o a) To identify and handle deadlocks that have occurred in a system
o b) To prevent deadlocks from occurring
o c) To manage memory allocation
o d) To schedule processes
o Answer: a) To identify and handle deadlocks that have occurred in a system
o Explanation: Deadlock detection identifies and handles deadlocks that have
occurred, typically involving recovery mechanisms.
67. Which of the following is a method for managing deadlock recovery?
o a) Process termination
o b) Resource preemption
o c) Rollback
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Deadlock recovery methods include process termination,
resource preemption, and rollback to resolve deadlocks.
68. What is 'process isolation'?
o a) The technique of keeping processes separate to ensure that one process does
not interfere with another
o b) The method of allocating CPU time to processes
o c) The process of managing memory pages
o d) The technique of handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) The technique of keeping processes separate to ensure that one
process does not interfere with another
o Explanation: Process isolation ensures that processes operate independently
and do not interfere with each other.
69. Which of the following is a common technique for managing process execution?
o a) Scheduling
o b) Synchronization
o c) Communication
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Scheduling, synchronization, and communication are common
techniques for managing process execution.
70. What is 'virtual memory management'?
o a) The technique of using disk space to extend the apparent amount of
memory available to applications
o b) The process of managing multiple threads within a single process
o c) The method of handling file system operations
o d) The technique of managing I/O operations
o Answer: a) The technique of using disk space to extend the apparent amount
of memory available to applications
o Explanation: Virtual memory management extends the apparent amount of
memory available to applications using disk space.
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ChatGPT

Here are the remaining questions on Operating Systems:

71. Which of the following is a type of memory allocation scheme?

o a) Contiguous Allocation
o b) Paging
o c) Segmentation
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Contiguous allocation, paging, and segmentation are all types of
memory allocation schemes.
72. What does 'context switch time' refer to?
o a) The time taken to save and restore the state of a process during context
switching
o b) The time taken for a process to execute a single instruction
o c) The time taken to allocate memory to a process
o d) The time taken to handle an I/O operation
o Answer: a) The time taken to save and restore the state of a process during
context switching
o Explanation: Context switch time is the time required to save and restore the
state of a process during a context switch.
73. Which of the following is a file access mode?
o a) Read
o b) Write
o c) Execute
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: File access modes include read, write, and execute permissions.
74. What is 'file system fragmentation'?
o a) The condition where files are divided into non-contiguous blocks, affecting
performance
o b) The process of managing multiple threads
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The method of managing memory pages
o Answer: a) The condition where files are divided into non-contiguous blocks,
affecting performance
o Explanation: File system fragmentation refers to files being split into non-
contiguous blocks, impacting performance.
75. Which of the following techniques can be used to manage process
synchronization?
o a) Semaphores
o b) Monitors
o c) Mutexes
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Semaphores, monitors, and mutexes are all techniques used to
manage process synchronization.
76. What is 'spooling' in operating systems?
o a) The process of managing print jobs by storing them on disk
o b) The method of allocating memory to processes
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The process of scheduling CPU time
o Answer: a) The process of managing print jobs by storing them on disk
o Explanation: Spooling involves managing print jobs by storing them
temporarily on disk before printing.
77. What does 'process scheduling' determine?
o a) The order and duration of process execution
o b) The allocation of memory to processes
o c) The handling of I/O operations
o d) The management of file systems
o Answer: a) The order and duration of process execution
o Explanation: Process scheduling determines the order and duration of process
execution by the CPU.
78. Which of the following is a method of managing CPU time?
o a) Time-sharing
o b) Time-slicing
o c) Priority scheduling
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Time-sharing, time-slicing, and priority scheduling are all
methods of managing CPU time.
79. What does 'process synchronization' ensure?
o a) That multiple processes or threads operate correctly when accessing shared
resources
o b) The allocation of CPU time to processes
o c) The management of memory pages
o d) The handling of I/O operations
o Answer: a) That multiple processes or threads operate correctly when
accessing shared resources
o Explanation: Process synchronization ensures that processes or threads
operate correctly when accessing shared resources.
80. Which of the following is not a page replacement algorithm?
o a) Least Recently Used (LRU)
o b) First-In-First-Out (FIFO)
o c) Optimal Page Replacement
o d) Shortest Job First (SJF)
o Answer: d) Shortest Job First (SJF)
o Explanation: Shortest Job First (SJF) is a scheduling algorithm, not a page
replacement algorithm.
81. What does 'multithreading' involve?
o a) The execution of multiple threads within a single process
o b) The management of multiple processes
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The process of managing memory pages
o Answer: a) The execution of multiple threads within a single process
o Explanation: Multithreading involves executing multiple threads within a
single process to improve performance.
82. What is 'thrashing' in memory management?
o a) Excessive paging or swapping that leads to performance degradation
o b) The process of managing multiple threads
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The method of allocating memory to processes
o Answer: a) Excessive paging or swapping that leads to performance
degradation
o Explanation: Thrashing occurs when excessive paging or swapping degrades
system performance.
83. Which of the following is a characteristic of a 'time-sharing' system?
o a) Multiple users can access the system simultaneously
o b) The system provides a dedicated CPU to each user
o c) The system uses batch processing
o d) The system only supports a single user at a time
o Answer: a) Multiple users can access the system simultaneously
o Explanation: Time-sharing systems allow multiple users to access the system
simultaneously by sharing CPU time.
84. What is the main purpose of 'process management'?
o a) To handle the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes
o b) To manage memory allocation
o c) To handle I/O operations
o d) To manage file systems
o Answer: a) To handle the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes
o Explanation: Process management handles the creation, scheduling, and
termination of processes.
85. Which of the following is a type of process state?
o a) Ready
o b) Running
o c) Blocked
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Process states include ready, running, and blocked.
86. What is 'deadlock prevention'?
o a) Methods used to ensure that a system does not enter a deadlock state
o b) The process of detecting and recovering from deadlocks
o c) The technique of managing memory pages
o d) The method of handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) Methods used to ensure that a system does not enter a deadlock
state
o Explanation: Deadlock prevention involves methods to avoid entering a
deadlock state.
87. What does 'virtual memory' provide to applications?
o a) An extended memory space beyond the physical RAM
o b) A dedicated CPU for each application
o c) A method for managing multiple threads
o d) A technique for handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) An extended memory space beyond the physical RAM
o Explanation: Virtual memory provides an extended memory space beyond
the physical RAM by using disk storage.
88. Which of the following is a page replacement policy?
 o a) FIFO
o b) LRU
o c) Optimal
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: FIFO, LRU, and Optimal are all page replacement policies used
in memory management.
89. What is 'process isolation'?
o a) The technique of keeping processes separate to avoid interference
o b) The method of managing multiple threads within a process
o c) The technique of handling I/O operations
o d) The process of allocating CPU time to processes
o Answer: a) The technique of keeping processes separate to avoid interference
o Explanation: Process isolation ensures that processes operate independently
and do not interfere with each other.
90. Which component of an operating system is responsible for file management?
o a) File System
o b) Kernel
o c) Shell
o d) User Interface
o Answer: a) File System
o Explanation: The File System is responsible for managing files and
directories.
91. What is 'spooling' used for in operating systems?
o a) Managing print jobs by storing them on disk
o b) Handling process synchronization
o c) Allocating memory to processes
o d) Managing file access
o Answer: a) Managing print jobs by storing them on disk
o Explanation: Spooling manages print jobs by storing them on disk before
sending them to the printer.
92. Which of the following is not a type of process scheduling algorithm?
o a) Shortest Job First (SJF)
o b) First-Come-First-Served (FCFS)
o c) Least Recently Used (LRU)
o d) Round-Robin
o Answer: c) Least Recently Used (LRU)
o Explanation: Least Recently Used (LRU) is a page replacement algorithm,
not a process scheduling algorithm.
93. What is the 'critical section' in process synchronization?
o a) A section of code where shared resources are accessed
o b) The area where processes are scheduled
o c) The memory allocated to processes
o d) The method of handling I/O operations
o Answer: a) A section of code where shared resources are accessed
o Explanation: The critical section is a section of code where processes access
shared resources and require synchronization to avoid conflicts.
94. What does 'multiprogramming' involve?
o a) Running multiple processes simultaneously to improve CPU utilization
o b) Managing multiple threads within a process
 o c) Handling I/O operations
o d) Allocating memory to processes
o Answer: a) Running multiple processes simultaneously to improve CPU
utilization
o Explanation: Multiprogramming involves running multiple processes
simultaneously to maximize CPU utilization.
95. Which of the following is a common method for handling process
synchronization?
o a) Mutex
o b) Semaphore
o c) Monitor
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Mutexes, semaphores, and monitors are all used for handling
process synchronization.
96. What is 'virtual memory' used for?
o a) Extending the apparent amount of memory available to applications using
disk storage
o b) Managing multiple processes
o c) Handling I/O operations
o d) Allocating memory to processes
o Answer: a) Extending the apparent amount of memory available to
applications using disk storage
o Explanation: Virtual memory extends the amount of memory available to
applications by using disk storage.
97. What is the main advantage of using 'paging' in memory management?
o a) It eliminates external fragmentation
o b) It simplifies memory allocation
o c) It increases memory access speed
o d) It reduces the need for memory swapping
o Answer: a) It eliminates external fragmentation
o Explanation: Paging eliminates external fragmentation by dividing memory
into fixed-sized blocks.
98. Which of the following is a method of managing memory allocation in operating
systems?
o a) Contiguous Allocation
o b) Paging
o c) Segmentation
o d) All of the above
o Answer: d) All of the above
o Explanation: Contiguous Allocation, Paging, and Segmentation are methods
of managing memory allocation.
99. What is 'thread synchronization'?
o a) The process of coordinating multiple threads to ensure correct execution
o b) The allocation of CPU time to threads
o c) The management of memory pages
o d) The handling of I/O operations
o Answer: a) The process of coordinating multiple threads to ensure correct
execution
 o Explanation: Thread synchronization ensures that multiple threads operate
correctly and do not interfere with each other.
100. Which of the following is a benefit of 'time-sharing' systems? - a)
Improved resource utilization by allowing multiple users to share the system
simultaneously - b) Increased system security by isolating users - c) Reduced system
complexity by handling only one user at a time - d) Enhanced performance by
providing dedicated resources to each user - Answer: a) Improved resource utilization
by allowing multiple users to share the system simultaneously - Explanation: Time-
sharing systems improve resource utilization by allowing multiple users to share the
system simultaneously.