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SPEAKER:
INSTRUCTOR:
PRIYANKA KUMARI
Prof.S.P Singh B.Sc(Ag) 4th year
RGSC, BHU R-13031 25-10-2016 2
BOTANICAL CLASSIFICATION :
SCIENTIFIC NAME : MUSA SP.
Chromosome No. : 22
FAMILY : MUSACEAE
BOTANICAL DISCRIPTION :
TYPE OF FRUIT : BERRY
EDIBLE PART : ENDOCARP
0rigin:- S.E Asia
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State-wise Area, Production & Productivity of Banana during 2001-02
Area Production Productivity
State (‘000 Ha.) (‘000 MT) (MT/Ha.)
Maharashtra 59.7 3924.1 65.7
Tamil Nadu 84.6 3543.8 41.9
Karnataka 53.8 1277.6 23.8
Gujarat 33.1 1154.3 34.8
Andhra Pradesh 50.5 1111.2 22.0
Madhya Pradesh 18.2 736.5 40.5
Assam 43.6 605.9 13.9
Bihar 27.2 544.9 20.0
Kerala 28.1 395.4 14.1
Others 67.2 916.2 -
TOTAL 466.2 14209.9 30.5
Source : Database of National Horticulture Board, Ministry of Agriculture
,Govt. of India.
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Banana a tropical crop, grows well in a temperature range
of 15ºC – 35ºC with relative humidity of 75-85%.
It require loamy soil with pH between 6.5 – 7.5
Rich in organic material with high nitrogen content,
adequate phosphorus and plenty of potash.
Average rainfall require is 650-750 mm.
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Important cultivars include:-
• Dwarf Cavendish
• Robusta
• Monthan
• Poovan
• Nendran
• Red banana
• Nyali
• Safed Velchi
• Basrai
• Ardhapuri, Rasthali, Karpurvalli, Karthali and Grand Naine
etc.
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Prior to planting banana, green manuring crop like
daincha, cowpea etc. is used to break the clod and bring
the soil to a fine tilt.
Planting material:-
Suckers and tissue culture seedlings.
Sword suckers with well developed rhizome, having
actively growing conical bud and weighing
approximately 450-700 gm are commonly used as
propagating material.
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Important seasons for planting followed in different states of India
are :-
STATE PLANTING TIME
Kharif - June – July
Maharashtra
Rabi - October – November
February – April
Tamil Nadu
November – December
Rainfed - April-May
Kerala Irrigated crop- August-
September
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SPACING IN BANANA PLANTING
Traditionally banana growers plant the crop at 1.5m x 1.5m with high
density.
Season Spacing
Kharif 1.5 x 1.5 m., 2 x 2 m. OR 2.5 x 2.5
m.
Rabi 1.5 x 1.2 m., 1.5 x 1.37 m.
• 10 kg FYM
• 200 - 250gm N/plant- As top dressing in three equal parts at
interval of 60,90 & 120 days.
• 60-70gm P/plant
• 300gm K/plant.
• Urea is applied in three to four split doses.
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Spraying of Glyphosate before planting @ 2 lit/ha is carried
out to keep the plantation weed free.
Four to five weeding.
Harrowing the field three to four times to keep the soil loose.
Earthing up should be done at 3-4 months after planting .
DESUCKERING:-
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PROPPING
BUNCH COVERING & SPRAY
MULCHING
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INTER-CROPPING:-
Short duration crops (45-60 days) like mung, cowpea, daincha
are to be considered as green manuring crops.
Leguminous crops, beetroot, ginger, turmeric and sunnhemp
grown as an inter-crop during the first 3-4 months.
GROWTH REGULATORS
2,4 D (25 ppm)- Improves the grade of bunches.
CCC (1000 ppm) at 4th & 6th month
Plantozyme (2 ml./l.) at 6th & 8th month
potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.5%) and urea (1%) or 2,4 D
solution (10 ppm.) after bunch development improves banana size
& quality
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INSECT PESTS:-
Root stock/rhizome weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) ,
Stem borer (Odioporus longicollis)
Banana beetle ( Nodostoma subcostatum)
Banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa)
Nematodes & Thrips
Application of 0.04% endosulfan, 0.1 % carbaryl or 0.05 %
monocrotophos depending upon the type of pest infestation.
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DISEASES:-
1. Panama wilt (Fusarium oxysporam)
2. Anthracnose (Gleosporium musarum)
3. Leaf spot (Sigatoka) [Mycosphaarella musicola & Cercospora
musae]
4. Shoot rot (Ceratostomella paradoxa)
BANANA WEEVIL
Weevil infestation of young plants causes stunting of growth,
production of small bunches and sometimes plants death. 15
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CONTROL OF WEEVIL:-
Cultural practices (e.g. clean planting material, proper field
sanitation and trapping)
Chemical insecticides (e.g. dnrsban, primicid, furadan)
Biological agents (e.g. fungal pathogens) and resistant cultivars.
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LEAFSPOTS:-
1. Black Sigatoka (by Mycosphaerella jjiensis)
2. Leaf speckle (by Periconiella sapienlwlicola)
3. Yellow Sigatoka (by Mycosphaerella micola)
(YELLOW SIGATOKA) (BLACK SIGATOKA)
The cheapest and most effective method of controlling plant
diseases is by use of resistant cultivars.
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ANTHRACNOSE:-
Caused by a fungus Colletotrichum musae.
Attacks the fruit.
It is most common on cooking bananas.
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GRADING:-
Based on size, color and maturity of the fruits.
STORAGE:-
Stored for up to 3 weeks in ethylene free air or up to 6 weeks in a
controlled atmosphere at 140 C.
PACKING:-
Wooden or cardboard boxes, and bamboo baskets are used.
In some cases banana bunches are packed in old gunny bags
wrapped with banana leaves.
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TRANSPORT:-
Road transport by trucks/lorries is the most popular mode of
transport due to easy approach from orchards to the market. For
distant markets rail wagons are used.
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Average yield
Varieties
(tones/ha.)
Basrai, Rasthali 40-50
Shrimanti 70
Grand Naine 65
Ardhapuri , Meanyham 55
Hirsal, Safed Velchi, Red banana, Lal
45
Velchi
Poovan 40-50
Monthan 30-40
Dwarf Cavendish , Robusta Champa &
50-60
Chini desi
Nendran 30-35 25-10-2016 21
Banana is a rich source of carbohydrate and is rich in
vitamin B. It is also a good source of potassium,
phosphorus, calcium & magnesium.
Ithelps in reducing risk of heart diseases, arthritis, ulcer,
gastroenteritis and kidney disorders.
Processed products, such as chips, banana puree, jam,
jelly, juice, wine and halwa can be made from the fruit.
Plantainsor cooking bananas are rich in starch and have a
chemical composition similar to that of potato.
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Bananas in Uganda are largely used in their fresh form are usually
eaten ripe and used for making pancakes (Kabalagala).
The most common form of processing is beverage production
from beer juice banana cultivars (juices, beer, waragi).
Many handcrafted products are also made with banana fibres.
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