1.
Introduction
1. CSC1010-Introduction
2. Chapter1
1. CSC1010-Chapter1
3. Chapter2.1
1. CSC1010-Chapter-2-1
4. Chapter2.2
1. CSC1010-Chapter2-2
5. Chapter3.1
1. Chapter-3-1
6. Chapter3.2
1. Chapter-3-2
7. Chapter4
1. CSC1010-Chapter-4
CSC1010-Introduction
What is data? What is Information? Where do computers fit into the data
and information world?
CSC1010 - Introduction
Computing?
This is the "introduction" to the Introduction of Computing. We explore the
differences between data, knowledge, and information and their uses. There
is a short exercise at the end of the module.
We all have this end user computing frustration.
There are devices that cause frustration.
We have data input that causes frustration.
And sometimes we want to act out our frustration on computers.
Data, Information, & Knowledge
This is the "introduction" to the Introduction of Computing. We explore the
differences between data, knowledge, and information and their uses. This
is a short exercise at the end of the module.
What is data?
What is information?
What is knowledge?
The Distribution of Understanding
Diagram by RobOnKnowledge (Own
work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons from
Wikimedia Commons.
What’s the Difference?
One perspective from Bob Boiko of the University of Washington
(video)
A more detailed explanation
Information = Data + Context
Group multiple pieces of data together
Establish relationships between data items
Provide context/framework for data
Interpret resulting combination
Validity of Information
Valid Data -> Valid Information?
Not necessarily!
What if the data is incomplete?
What if the data is inaccurate?
What if the context for the data is missing?
If information is invalid, what happens to knowledge?
Where do computers fit in?
Computers store data.
Computers process data
Computers generate information
Data Processing Examples
Organize data
Calculate new data
Interpret data in a different format
Spreadsheets
Database management systems
Accounting software
Graphics manipulation programs
Visualation as a Tool
David McCandless uses visualizations to turn large amounts of data
into information.
Ted Talk 2010
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
Note his take on the diagram on page 3
His Information is Beautiful website has many more examples of
visualizations of data.
Reflect and Investigate
1. Give your own example of valid data producing invalid information.
2. Explore the Information is Beautiful website and find a visualization,
either in the blog or the Our Data section, that you think does a
particularly good job of turning data into information. Why did you
choose this particular item, and what makes it so good?
CSC1010-Chapter1
CSC1010 – Chapter1 – History of Computing
Before the Industrial Revolution
The Renaissance was a time of great philosophical and scientific progress,
including critical milestones in mathematics that would lead toward the
invention of the computer.
Boolean Algebra: This was published by George Boole in 1854. It clarified
the mathematical field of Booldan logic and algebra. It formed the basis for
computer hardware. For further details, please visit George Boole's
Contribution
Early Calculating Devices
These appeared approximately before 1820. The basic calculating devices
were invented to support simple mathematics. This category of devices
were mechanical in nature and could not store any data.
Abacus
Invented about 3000 BC
Originated in either China or the Indus River Valley area
Discussion of the abacus
Demonstration of an abacus (video)
Napier's Bones
Device using lattice multiplication for calculating products and
quotients
Mechanical, but not mechanized
Napier's Bones: How They Work (video)
Slide Rule
Invented by William Oughtred in 1622
Following up on Napier's work with both logarithms & Napier's Bones
Performs a variety of mathematical calculations
How to Use a Slide Rule (video)
The Rechenuhr (Calculating Clock)
First mechanical calculating device
Built by Wilhelm Schickard in 1623
Functioned accurately but had several mechanical flaws and was never
placed into full production
Pascaline
Developed in 1643 by French mathematician Blaise Pascal
Mechanical device that could add and subtract (in other words, a basic
calculator)
Pascal and his Calculator
How the Pascaline Works (video)
Von Leibnitz “Stepped Reckoner”
Built in 1673 by German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von
Leibnitz
Inventor of differential & integral calculus
Calculating device improving on the Pascaline
Could multiply as well as add and subtract (but still couldn't divide).
The Industrial Revolution
The 1700s and early 1800s were a time of great political and social unrest
(examples: the American and French Revolutions). As a result, mathematics
and science took a back seat to other endeavors until the political and social
climate settled down and the Industrial Revolution began early in the 19th
century.
19th Century Computing Devices
Products of the Industrial Revolution
Mechanical devices
Limited data storage
Small quantities
Clumsy methods
Design often outpaced available technology
19th century contributions to computing
Jacquard’s Loom
Invented by Joseph Jacquard between 1801-1804
Built upon the work of Basile Bouchon, Jean Falcon and Jacques de
Vaucanson to create an automatic weaving loom.
Wove intricately patterned cloth based on instructions contained on
punched cards.
The first programmable stored instruction machine actually built.
Jacquard Loom: Early Computer Programing (video)
Charles Babbage
Charles Babbage can be considered the single most important
individual in the pre-20th century development of the computer.
Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University
Co-founder of the Royal Astronomical Society
Cryptographer who broke Vignere's autokey cypher (thought to be
unbreakable)
Inventor of the locomotive cow-catcher
Difference Engine
Version 1: 1820-1830
Solved polynomial equations of the form ax2+bx+c to an accuracy of
six places
Gear-driven machine
All calculating was done with repeated addition
Difference Engine Simulator
Prototype consisting of 1/7 of the final machine was built in 1832
Remainder was never completed
Note:Image from the Science Museum via computerhistory.org
Analytical Engine
Designed 1833-1842
Stored program machine to perform any type of arithmetic calculation
Numerous limitations prevented Babbage from actually building it
Politics, economics, personalities were as much a factor as
technology
Comprised of three main parts
“Mill” for calculations
“Store” for storing data
Input/output device
Design corresponds in many ways to the basic architecture of the
modern computer
Babbage describes the Analytical Engine in his autobiography
Machine has not been built to this day
Plan28.org Has been established to build the Analytical Engine by
2020
Watch John Graham-Cunningham's TEDx talk on “The Greatest
Machine that Never Was”
Difference Engine #2
Designed between 1847 and 1849
Improved upon the original Difference Engine with a simpler design to
achieve the same computing power
Again, not built during Babbage's lifetime
Was finally built between 1985 and 2002 by the Science Museum of
London, exactly to Babbage's original plans
CSC1010-Chapter-2-1
CSC1010 - Chapter 2-1
Industry of Computing
CSC1010-Chapter2-2
CSC1010 – Chapter-2-2
Industry of Computing
Chapter-3-1
CSC1010 – Introduction to Computing
Structures in Computing
Chapter-3-2
CSC1010 – Introduction To Computing
Chapter 3-2
Structures in Computing.
This chapter covers computer networks. The various sizes and
configurations are examined and we explore where they are used. Next, we
discuss the Internet and its various acpects. The basics of the Internet, how
it move information, and how it has changed our everyday life.
Then we discuss the Cloud. This topic reveals how thte Cloud is structured,
what factors are related to using it, and future possibilities. Lastly, we
explore the new world of Socialnomics in computing.
CSC1010-Chapter-4
CSC1010 – Introduction to Computing
Security, Privacy, and Ethics in Computing
