ren Bm | college press — Ventures Primary Agriculture \ Learner's BookVentures Primary Agriculture Learner's Book Grade‘Ventures Primary-Agricaltre Grade 3 Letrners tank, © FM. Sithole and M. Maudizeidea 2017 © Mlhwsrasions ang design Colle Pras Pulisheas (Pvt) Led, 20117 All igits reserved. No pari ofthis publication may be reprouiuced, ‘sored jm a temeval syste, artransmited ia any focon crby any reas, elecronte, phorocopying, econding. ovotherwise. without the peioe wrizen permissive of the ‘copyright holder or in accordance with the provisions ‘af the Copytighi Act, (Chapter 36:08), 204 Any porson wan daes soy unautbieried ast in elation ots pblication my’ be table for ermal precio ane hv slnias fon daages, Firs publishot 2017 Published by College Press Publishers (Pot) Lac FO, Bon 3041, Natate, Zimbabwe “Typeset in [12 polar Century Gee} ISBN 078 177900 264 1 ‘Ths publishers have mide exer effort io tice the copgrighr har: 1tbay ‘he inadvertcaly ovelooked any they wil be poe 0 mak the neceseay screen Cie int oppor. Its iflga! to pantocony any page of this book without wren permission irom the publishers. Printed and bound by Skeumumi Mills Conamincstions, Pazow, Cape Toon sWoliztTopic 1 Unit Unit Unit Topic Unit 1 2 3 2 4 Topic 3 Unil Unit unit Unit Topic Unit Topic Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Unit Topic Unit Unit Unit Unit Topic Unit Topic Unit Unit 5 6 ? 8 4 9 5 1 i 12 13 14 15 cf 12 é 18 17 20 2) 7 22 8 23 24 Introduction fo agriculture Importance of agriculture Basic farm tools Safety in agriculture ‘Climate and land use. Soll typ: Soil ferility. Soil erasion... End of term 1 assessment test, Water... Water conservation Plant nutrition, Vegetable crops... Field crops. Orchord/fruit trees. Omamental horticulture: Forestry... End of term 2 assessment test. Animals... Introduction to the stuciy of animals. Animal nutition... Small livestock ckoroducto Apiculture.... Farm implements and machinery. Farm implements and machinery. Agribusiness. Agribusiness. End of year assessment test.troduction to Agriculture Figure 1.1 Fleld under irigation Learners should be able to: define the term agriculiure state general importance of agriculture te themselves identify basic garden tools state the uses of basic garden tools use garden tools safely state ways of preventing common hazards when using garden tools. Pee ee Introduction People and animals need agriculture to live. Most of the food we eal, ihe clothes we wear, materials for consiructing shelter and fumiture came from agriculture. So. agriculture is important because it gives us food, clothes and money.Figure 1.2 Importance of Agriculture garden crops fie wegetabie gsWhat is agriculture? Agriculture is the growing of craps and keeping of animals. The land we grow our crops on is called a field, Crops are plants grown by peaple for food of for sais. Plants grown by people on 4 large piece of land are called fleld crops. Those grown in the garden are called garden crops. Sorghum, sunfiower, millet, moize, soya beans, tobacco, cotton, suger cane ore examples of field crops, Cabbage, lettuce, carrots, raps. green beans, nyevhe/ ulude are examples of vegetables, A vegetable is o plant or part of a plant used as food. All animals which are kept at home are called domestic animals, We can keep animals like sheep, goats, rabbits. chickens, donkeys, and caitle. These provide us with food, money and power for ploughing our fields and transport. 1. List the crops you grow at home for food. 2. Do you grow any crops for sole? If you do, list the crops. 3. What foad da we get from the domestic animals we keep ai home? Importance of agriculture Gives us food: we get food from crops such as moize and beons, vegetables ike cobbage and carrots. and fruits like apples and marambay umkhemeswane. We get medi, eggs ond milk fom animals. Bread cheese, sugar and peanut butter are by-products of agriculture, By-products are things we get alter processing the producis of agriculture. Food makes our bodies healthy and able to fight against diseases.Siocon meale meal to make sadzo/isitshwala flour to make bread sugarcane sugar, ethanol cows milk to make icecream andl cheese soya beans/sunflower cooking cil, animal feed Gives us clothes: people grow cotton and keep sheep and cattle to make clothes. Cotton produces cloth which is used to make dresses, shits and trousers. Sheep have wool which is used to make jerseys. scars and hats. Callie skins are used to make leather which is used to make shoes, belts and jackets, $o most of the clothes we wear come from agriculture. Gives us Jobs: people work on fans and industries. On farms, people plough, weed, imigate and harvest crops as well as look © otter the animals. People work in inclustries | where they make: bread, sugar, leather, ond clothes as well as preparing seeds and § making equipment used in agriculture. People ailso work in transporting agricultural = pracuce fram the forms to the industries.Gives ussheller: al times agriculture Involves the growing of trees such as gum trees and pine trees. These trees are used to support the roofs of the houses we live in, Agriculture helps make shelter for people and animals. Gives us money: when people grow crops and keep animals and sell them, they get money which they use to buy other items used In day fo day life. Aclivity 2 In groups, talk about other benefits of agriculture. 1. The growing of crops and keeping of animas é called A. cropping 8. goriculture C. business D, gardening 2. Which animals give us milk? A cow,gost’ 8. doe,hen —€, bullcat —_—D. donkey, dog 3. Agriculture is important because il gives us. A. food, money, clothes 8. clothes, cor, bicycle C. bicycle, motorbike. giinding mil _D. food, cars, shops 4, Which animals give us clothes? A. chickens B. rabbits C. goats D. cattle 5. How does agriculture help make shelter for people and animats? 6, The crop which gives us moterial for making clothes is c——— Let's play and learn! Crossword puzzle: Fill in the spaces with the comect words. The first letter is given for you, Across 1. Growing of crops and keeping of animals 2. Aplace where crops are grown, 3. Agriculture creates} for people who work on farms. 4, Agriculture provides us with m_____ which helps us to buy things. Down 5. Acrop that gives us cooking oil 6. Most of the L___ we eat comes from agriculture Summary + Agriculture is the growing of crops and keeping of animals + Agticulture is important to individuals because it gives food, shelter, jobs. clothes, and money. * Animals kept by people are called domestic animals i‘Crops grown in the field are called field crops. Crops grown in the garden are called garden crops. Glossary Agriculture the growing of crops and keeping of animals. Domestic animals - animals kept by peapie at home Field land where crops are grown: Field crops crops grown in a field, for example, maize, groundnuts, and many others Vegetables plants or parts of plants used as food14 Farm tools A hoe Sickel rok wheelbarrow: hose pipe ‘garden folk garden line Figure 2.1 Form toolsInfreduction Tools are important because they make work easier. Each tool is mode for a particular activity. For example, plants are watered using a watering can. if plants lack water they wilt. Wilting is when plants become limp because of lack of water, therefore, the farmer should water the plants using a watering can. A hoe and a handiork are used for weeding. This is removing Unwanted plants from cultivated land. Garden tools We grow a variety of plants in the garden, We use garden tools to cary out” different tasks. Digging, planting. weitering and weeding. Look at the pictures below. Which teols are being used and what are they being used for?Figure 2.2 Uses of garden foolsThe following table summarises the garden tools ond their uses. Table 2,1 Gorden tools and thelr uses ol ng Making ridges Weeding << ; Leveling beds Harrowing grass ae ‘Garden fork - a Digaing Loading manure or soll Shovel Loading manure: _ Shoveling sail from a trench Digging in gravel soil Loading grass ak Garden line ~ _ Shallow cultivation {This is the loosening of the soil ina bed) Weeding close to plants ‘Making straight ridges ‘Making lines in the beds[Siekte 7 Cotting grass — por o Cutting grask , S | Wheelbarrow 7 Carying manure = Genying garden produce 2 [Watering can. —|—~ Watering vegetables Knap sack sprayer Sproying pesis In the garden | All tools at home or at schoo! must be written down in on Invetttory record. This is a book where all tools are recorded. When they are given out for use they should be recorded in a iol issue record, This is done to avaid lasing tools.cm OC Design a class inventory record book. Record when you take out or return tools for practical lessons, Example of an Inventory record 1. Wilting is when plants A. are very fresh 8. are foo many in the garden C._ lose freshness D. are drying 2. Select a list of digging tools. A. hee, space, garcien fork B. axe, sickle, slasher C. hese pige, tank, engine D._ hee. hand fork, shovel 3. Which teolis used for shallow cultivation? A. hoe B. gardenfork C. handfork D, axe, 4. Tools used for digging are H. and Sp__. 5. Write down the name ef each tool in the picture. Draw the following tools. {a} rake (ob) hoe (c) sickteDrama on fools Formulate a dramaon a home set up where: and Uses different tools, while they observe safety out and which tools did you use? Fun with words Fill in this crossword puzzle: Actoss |. A teal used to. cary garden produce 2, A tool used fo load manure 3. A tool used to water vegetables Down 4. A tool used to make ridges ! 5. A loolused to cut gross Summary Tools mainly used in the garden are: * Hoe for digging and weeding, * Rake for leveling and remeving rubbish.Watering can for watering. Spade for digging moist sel, Sickle for cutting grass. Garden line for making straight ridges. Hand fork for shallow cultivation. Glossary Inventory record book whererecords of tools on the farm or school are| done Shallow cultivation Weeding = theremovingof unwanted plants (weeds) on cultivated| land Wilting - when plants become limp because of lack of waterTats Safety in agriculture Ps i ¢ Figure 3.1 Weor protective clothing when using chemicals inagricuiture Key words. / piblecive clotting safety injuie dangerIntreduction Garden tools are useful but il they are used wrongly people can Injure themselves. The following pictures in Figure 3.2 show the correct and the wrong ways of using tools. For the safety of the user, the comect way of using tools should be followed, Safely mecins any action that can be folowed fo protect the user from risk or danger, Danger is anything thet may cause harm to o person. Safe use of garden tools Wrong wey (X) Bo not cut grass with a slasher while: you are closer to others Do nal throw tools at ethers Do hand tools to ethers corectly Do not use chemicols without protective Bo wear protective clothes when using clothes chemicals= Donel leave the rake facing upwards Do use a rake while itis facing downwards Do not use o hoe while someone isn front Do dig witle others are not neor Figure 3.2 Camect and wiong ways of using tects When using garden to's: Pi Do not throw tools at others. Do nol threaten others with garden tools, Do not cut grass while telling stories an looking at the other people other than the grass you are cutting. Do not dig with semeone standing or siting in front of you. Do not scatter tools in path ways. Do not leave a rake facing upwards. Do not spray chemicals without wearing protective clothing. rotective clothing are clothes that prevent the user from being hurt while handling materials that could harm them. We use protective-clothing when using chemicals,Your teacher will give you hoes and let you dig a very small portion in the garden where you wil plant vegetable seedings. You are encouraged to observe safety. You shovid simulate spraying using water only and put on protective clothing. Which tool sheuld not be left facing upwards? A. hoe B. rake C. shovel cD. axe 2. A culling fool which can cut your fingers when you use it without core iso A. slasher B, axe cc. sickle DB. hoe 3. Which fool is used when spraying plants with chemicals? A. spade B. knapsack sprayer C. hoe D. sickle 4. Select two digging tools and explain how to use ihem safely. 5. What is a sickle used for? 4. State whether the statements are True or False. {a} Too's should be thrown to others. Ib) Arake should be left in pothways while facing upwords [ce] When you want to spray the garden using chemicals, you should wear protective clothing. Summary Safely should be practised when warking with form tools. this reduces injuries. To ensure safety: * donot dig while someone is in front of you. * donot spray without wearing protective clothing * cut grass while your mind ond eyes are at the gross you cre cutting. * hold your slasher tightly os it may slip and injure other people.Glossary Danger = something that mey cause ham or injure a person injure - todo hann on.one’s body Safely — tobe out of danger End of topic assessment test 1. Select a digging teal from the diagrams. Multiple choice 2. Which of the following lists has cutting tools only? A, hoe, spade B. sickle, rake cc. sickle, slasher D. sickle, hand fork 3. Which of the diagrams has the correct tool use?‘4, Tools are recorded in___. ~) A. aninventory record 8. text book C. afinancial record book. D. a tool issue recard §. Which set of animals gives us meal? A. snake, caltie 8. catlle, chicken C. dog. snake D. lizard. dog 6. Which picture shows someone using tools in a dangerous way? 7. Which sethas importance of agriculture? A. food, business, cars B. food, money, clethes Cc. cars, bicycle, motorbike D. money, cass, fleld 8. Select a field crop from the list. A. cabbage 8. latiuce Cc. carrots D. sunflower 9. Which animal gives us eggs? A. cow B. goat C. chicken D. fish 10. Which animal gives us leather? A. cattle B. chicken C. cat D. dog Structured questions 1. Fillin using the words given below. cotta a) A cow gives us 3 b) Same of our clothes come from material produced from ¢) Meolie-meal comes trom d) Weusea fo load manure ina2. The keeping of animals and growing of crons. is called 3. Whatis wrong with the person in the picture? 4. Which tool should not be lett facing upwards and why? faClimate and land use Figure 4.1 & rainy doy Objectives Leamers should be able to: 1. identify the four seasons in Zimbabwe 2, state the months that fall uncer each season 3. identify signs from their local environment that indicate the seasons. Introduction There are times when it will be reining, other times it wil be hot and other times it will be cold. These changes in weather mark the Change in seasons. The raining period is an sxample of a season. In Zimbabwe, we have four changes that take place in a year, meaning that we have four seasons.a! Figure 4.2 Differant weather for diferent reason.Seasons of Zimbabwe There are four seasons in a'yecr In Zimbabwe. Namely rain season, postrain season, cool dry season and hot dry season. Rain season {summer} Post rain season {auiumn) Goel dry season (winter) cavers the months from mid-November, 3 i February up to mid-March, The main activities in this season are ploughing. planting and weeding. Also during the reinyseason, we have such creatures as crickets and fruits ike mazhanje. covers the months from mid-March, April, until mid-May. Activities include harvesting, making maize cribs, Fruits like tsubyu/umishwankela are common. Mice are also common. cavers the months of from mid-May, June, July te mid-August. Common activities: shelling maize and threshing rapoke. Trees shed off their leaves. Hot dry season = covers the months from mid-August, September, October to (spring) mid-November. Common activities include gardening. Trees have new leaves. Common fruits of this season are matohwe/uxakuxaku and maiombo/umkhemeswane Rain season (Summer) Post rain seasan (Autumn) as Indicators ond activities Tractor ploughing. people weeding. ciickeis, mashanje. raining. Anima’ such a5 frogs are present. Ants are searching for food. Indicators and activities Harvesting, constucting maize cribs, mice, tsubvu/umtshwonkeler‘Cool dry season (Winter) Hol dry season (Spring) Indicators and ctivities Shelling maize, pounding rapcke. people | Tees win new shools. people walking pulling on jackets, Tees wilh na leaves. | with umbrellas on to protect the sun's Very. cold temperatures, sat, motohwe/uackuxaky, matambaf umkhemesware, Indicators and ectivitles Figure 4.3 Activities in differant seavons of the year In groups, pick aut which months fall under each season from Figure 4.3. You should also pick out the activities done in each season. Go ouisicle and identify signs from the environment which show the season you are in. 1. We get rains in season. A. spring B. winter C. summer DB. autumn 2. During winter, the weather it A. toining 8. verycoid C. veryhot D. treeshave new shootsin which season Ge we find crickels? A, winter B. spring ¢. summer. autumn The four seasons of the year are g List activities done in summer. Fill in the missing information. summer mid-November, .... ,Mic-Merch mid-May, June, July, mid-August MID-AUQUSE. oy tenses Mid-Nowember mid-March, Apri and May Let's play and learn Rearrange the following words to show that you know your agriculture words that are related fo seasons. mmersu: amutnu: fiwner: rignsp: ujne. aym ~. Summary The four seasons we have in Zimbabwe ore: summer: the rainy season: utumn: pest rainy season which means atter the rain season: winter; cold season; and spring: hot dry season Glossary Maize crib @ siructure made to store maize soon after harvesting, befare shelling s dene Post rain season the season that comes after the rainy season Season @ period or time in a year where there is different weather Shelling removing maize grain from the cob Threshing to sepcrate grain from the plant stelkEnd of topic assessment test Multiple choice questions Which of the following is not a season? A. summer B. July C. winter B. spring , 2. Winter is found in the following months except A. June B. July C. February 0. August 3. Ploughing, planting and weeding are activities common in___. AL winter 8. summer C. autumn — D. spring 4, New leaves on trees mark the end of and beginning of A. spring, summer 8. winter, spring C. summer, winter D, summer, spring 5. Mos! trees dry and shed off their leaves in which seasan? A. summer B. autumn Cc. winter D. spring } 6. The people in the picture show it is ____ time. summer winter . gulumn spring COP >7. The people in the picture show itis time, spring winter summer DOP > aulumn 8, The activity of weeding in a maize field is common in A. summer B. winter C. spring DB. autumn 9. The harvesting of maize is common A. summer 8B. autumn €. winter D. spring 10, Which season do we receive most rain in Zimbabwe? A summer 8. autumn C. winter D. spring Structured questions “ 1. Fill in the table on the missing information on seasons, Cet ene [ah snares | Naveed DeReth ier lsnunrys Fabrica b} Spring ‘¢) Autumn ee ee a 2. Which signs indicate that summer is approaching? 2 3. Which animals are commen in summer? (2) 4, What causes trees fo shed ctf their leaves? i]thy Figure 5.1 Soll Leamers should be able to: define soll identify local soils identify materials used for making compost define soll erosion ts s 3, 4. moke a compost heap &i 6. identify signs of soit erosion in the local environment Introduction Soils the material of the earth on which we live on. Plants grow in the soll and our animals live cn the soil. For us 10 survive on this earth, we need the soi. We have to take good care of the soll.Soil types Sandty zai Figure 5.2 local sols ‘Key words - sandy clay loam coarse fertie ergenic matter “ofganisms | Importance of soil Soil can be defined as the mixture of organic matter. ai. water and minerals. Organie matter is mace up of the remains of plants or animals. Soil is important becouse it has many uses, Crops are grown in the soil, The animals we keep feed ‘on grass, which grows in the soll. Local soils There are three main types of soll. Figure 5.2 above shows the three types. There is clay soil which has small fine particles that stick together when they are wet. Clay is also used for moulding pots. There is also sand which has large particles. The large grains make the sand soil coarse, Coarsé means that the particles are rough and loose when you feel them using your fingers. When we mix clay with sand we get loam soil, Loar soil is the best soil for growing crops because itis fertile which rneans it has enough nutrients for plants to grow well.| Hess Let us go ouiside ond look at he sol around our school. Use your practical book 1o record what you see, and leam: f + What is the colour of the soil at your school? , + Find some water and pour on the soi. Does it stick 10 your shoes? ; Is the soll sandy, loarn or clay? activity 2 Get into groups. Let us have boys and gitsin each group. Find some containers to fil with soil Collecting soil samples * Group 1-Sandy soil + Group 2:Loam soit * Group 3-Clay soll Now you should recerd the following in your practical diary. a) What is the colour of your sok? b) Are the perticies big or small? @ — =z | 1. What do we call soil which is rich in nutrients to make planis grow well? A. ferilesoll 8B. sandy soil C.claysoll ~~ D.rutients 2. Give the type of soll which sticks to things when wet, A. sand B. clay ¢. eam D. ferlile 3. The soft with big grains is called A. clay B. sand C. fertie D. loam 4. What is the other use for clay 5. List three sall samples you have sludied, a) b) ©) Which sell type is bast for growing crops? Why is this soil best for growing crps?important for growing crops. There are thre types of scil which are sand, clay end loam. Amixture of clay and sand gives loam soil. The trees and grass grow well In good sol. Loam soil is the best scil fer growing crops. Glossary Clay soil small soll particles that stick together when they are wet Coarse rough Fertile soll ich in plant nutrients Loam soll ‘co mixture of sand and clay soils Organic matter decayed remains of plants and animals Sandy soll soll with large soil particlesOl Tay Soil fert Figure 4.10. Healthy maize and sunflower plants b. Compestheap Introduction Plants grow welll in fertile seis where they get enough nutrients. Plant food found in the soll is called plant nutrients. When we add manure info the soil, it becomes fertile. This addition of manure improves the ‘feniility of the soil,Compost making Decayed natural materials make a compost. Compost manure is made in different ways. We use different types of materiais for making compost. Tae materials are Collected from the fields, Mcize stalks, wheat straw, soya bean stalks and tobacco remains are some of the materials suitable for making compost. Maierio's suitable for making compost should easily rot when put on the compost heap. The suitable materials are listed below, Vegetation materials These include: tree leaves, maize stalks, grouncin stover, vegelable remains from the garden. called stover. staver, wheat straw, soya bean hen waste. Crop remains ore Animal matter These include: dung and droppings from domestic cnimals such as cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits, pigs and fowls, Weeds and stover are put in pigsties and fowl runs. as bedding. This is lo keep the fowl runs and pigsties clean and warm. The mixture of cnimal dung end droppings with bedding makes good manure. Selecting the site for a compost Select an area where there are no crops being grown. We con select the site under a tee where there is a shade. A site is a salected area where a particular activity wil take place. The shade protects the compost from the heal of the sun, Compest should be made necr the garden, It will be easy to cary the compost to the garden. We should select a site near water, so that the compast heap is watered easily. The site for a campast heap should alse be protected from farm animals os cattle can sometimes trample over the compost heap. Making a compost heap Agood compost heap is made in jayers as follows: layer - gross, maize stalks, vegetable waste, bedding from pig runs. layer2 — manure'or ashes Layer3 = soi, water The layers ere repeated until the compost heap is one metre and twenty centimetres [1.2m] high.maize stalks manure hd nl ff Figure 6.3 A compost heap Looking after a compost heap Things to do: + Water the heap every two weeks Water heips the materials ta rot quickly + Clearweedsaround the compestheap | Weeds remove moisture: trom the compast + Tum the compostheap ater fourweeks | Tuming helps ailiayers te rot quickly Em ) Marking the site for a compost heap. Sleps 1. Measure one metre width 2. Mensure six meires length 3, Put pegs at the corners 4. Stretch a string along the pegs 5. Mark along the string Record the width and length in your practice! book. Draw a diagram to show the pegs. Also show the lines marking the edges of the compos! ste.Music and dance Songs with materials used to make compost, We are the compost wander, We waste no time Just two, three, four weeks And we are roiten We were once green We were once alive We had fruits Always feeding them with water they drank And alot of food they afe Frorn fhe soll below All the food we gave them 1. Which material is not suitable fer making compost? A. manure 8. groundnut stover C. maize stalks D. plastic bags 2. Whattis the use of compost? A. provides plont nutrients B. fo dump animal waste C. to dump clover D. bedding 3. What is bedding moterial used for? A. covering the floor 8. cleaning C. feeding broilers D. absorbing water 4. Why should a compost heap be sited under a tree? §, Why should a compost heap be made near the garden? 6. Give one of the materials used to make a compost. Summary * You have used materials such as crop remains and manure to make a compost, soa compost is a cheap source of plant nutrients. «Using compast improves soil fertility. This makes crops to grow healthy. + When making compost. animal manure Is added. This makes the compost rot quickly. * Animal manure also improves the quality of compost, + Water also helps to make the compost rot quickly.Glossary Animal matter Bedding Compost Fertility Site Stover trample decayed material of animat origin litter put on floers of animal houses manure from @ compost heap: being fertile position or place for a compost crop remains walk on and crushUni Rie) cest rola) Figure 7,1 Soll erosion Flashback — When you walk on @ gravel road you see 0 let of sand olong the sides af the road. All hat sand Is woshed away from the ground near the toad. Think of other placas where you have seen soil {hat has been washes away. What Is soil erosion? Soil erosion is the washing away of the top soll and it happens when there is heavy rainfall, wind and through animal and human activities. When the rain water flows. ‘on the ground. it carries soll particles with It, If this continues, a lot of soil is washed away. This is called soil erosion.Signs of soil erosion Signs of erosion ore the presence of mud In water, exposed plant roots, presence of gullies, and sil in dams. a) Mud in flowing water Lock at the water flowing on the ground when the soi is bore, The water is muddy when it is washing away soil particles c} Presence of gullies Sometimes water flows strongly causng ‘openings which are known as gullies, Fig 7.2 signs of soll erosion b) Exposed plant roots Sometimes when heavy rains fal, woter flows clong low areas anc wash eway large comounts of sol. Roots of trees ore seen exposed out of the ground because of ‘erosion. When the soil & bare, gully erosion will toke place, d) Siltbeing washed away from the fields Sand thot is washed away gather at river banks.How animais and human activities cause soil erosion @) ever grazing: when animals groze they remove ‘he plants ‘ond grasses that hold the soil together. This makes the ground bare and makes it easy for sol to wash away wnen it rains or when itis windy. b) animal pathway: when animals move around they trample on the ground. This loosens the soil and enables erosion to take place. ¢) Steambenk cultivation: when people cultivate on sireombanis they loosen the ground around the stream or river. When it roins the soil is easily washes into the stream er river. This will result in silfing of the river. d) Deforestation: the cutting down of frees leaves the ground bare. The soll is exposed and without the tree roots thot hold the sol together, it con be easly washed away by rain water and wind. Activity 1 Field trip Make a trip to an inigation scheme in your area. Things to observe: exposed plent roots, deep cattie tracks, muddy moving water and sit. Observation Rita: 1. Look for creas where rain water Is flowing. 2. Isthe water Cleer or muddy? 3. Are there any gullies? Activity 3 Practical work Lecmers should find ¢ gully in the school yard and fil the gully. Learners gather weeds and stones to fill Up the guily. NB: Use your practical boaks to record the observations you have made.Sand on stream bed is called A. silt B. clay ¢. gravel D.. stones 2. What are the openings in the ground caused by erosion called? A. sit pits B, gullies C. exposed plant roots D. patholes 3. Streambank erosion is caused by A. growing crops 8. cutting trees C. heavy rains D.. strong winds 4, Name a place where soil erosich can be observed. 5. How do animals cause soil eresion? 4, How can we protect sell fram erosion? Summary Soil erosion is the washing away of the top soil and it happens when there is heavy rainfall, wind and through animal and human activities Signs of erosion cre the presence of mud in water, exposed plant roots, presence of gullies, sit washed away from fields andi silt in dams, Glossary sit - soil and other material that is carried by flowing water and deposited in the river or dam Sollerosion = — Washing away of sell End of topic assessment test Multiple choice questions 1. Which type of soll has fine soil particles? A. sand B. clay €. loam DL silt 2. Nome the type of soil used for moulding pots. A. fed soil 8. sand c. foam D. clay 3. Which material for compos! making comes from animals? A. wheatstover 8. grass C. kraai manure D. iree leaves 4. State a use of compost. A. improves soil fertility B. provides water to plants C._ makes soil colourful D._contrels soil erosiona Which animal does not produce manure? A. deg B. pig Cc. cow D. chicken 6 ane, Causes salt erosion, A. animais and trees 8. grass and people C. wind and weter D. water and soil 7. Manure from a pigsty is called! A. litter B. straw C. bedding DB. dung 8. Why is a compost heap made under o tree? Because jt should be A. kept cool 8, protected C. near the garden DB, watered every week 9. Why should a compost heap be made in layers? A. touseallthe materials B. to keep wet C. so that it rots quickly D. easy to make 10. What is the suitable height of a compost heap? Alm B 1.2m c. 18m DB. 2m Structured questions Fill in the blanks with the most suitable answer. Trees and plants grow in the m soil has fine particles. (| Loam sail is a mixture of and clay, a The colour af the soil at our school is im Manure makes the soil it] Crop remains are called ii] NOPE RS Match the type of erosion with the place where if is found, Use this list; fverbanks formingland siltation — raindrop erosion Bore orounel a} b) Stream bank erosion Gy) Guly erosion a} River bed i)nit & End of Term 1 assessment test Multiple choice questions Section A Answer all questions 1. What is the importance of agriculture from the lists? A. money, food, clothes B. gef cars, buy shops, dig wells C. buses. bicycles. mator bikes D, inigation, watering, food 2. Which of the following is a sign of erosion? A. covered ground B, brown soils C. exposed roots D. foo many branches on trees 3. Identify types of soil from the list. A. river sand, pil sand, muddy 8. sand, loam, clay C, stones, quarry stones, muddy D. organic matter, stones, muddy A. Most trees do not have leaves and some are havingnew leaves. Which season is this? A. winter 8, autumn =. summer iD. spring 3. The activity in the picture betow is common in . A. winter . C. autumn D. spring4. a The tool in the diagram below is used for A. canying manure B. digging C. weeding D. watering In which season are the people in the piciure below? A. summer B. winter C. spring DB. aulumn8, Choose a set of cutting tools in the diagrams below. « f 9. Which animal gives us eggs? 1! A. cow 8. pig €. geal D. chicken 19, Which soil type has ‘age soil particies? A. loom sol 8. fine soil C. clay D. sandy 11. Which type of soil is Used far molding pots? A. sond 8, loam C. clay D, sill 12. Choose the material not suitable for making compost. (i A. manure B. leat mould C. maize stalk =D. sand ' 13, Why is a compost heap made in layers? } A. tolook nice 8, saves space f C. to rot quickly D, fo use less material | 14. What is the suitable width of a compost hean? | A. 0.9m B. Im C. 1.2m D. 1.5% 15. Why should a compost heap be tuned? A, keep moisture 8. fo add nutrients a ©, torot faster DB. maintoin the height P 16. Which set of materials gives us material for making clothes? t A, colton, cattle, sheep i 8B. maize, cat, sunfower , bean, groundnuts, sheep i D. soya bean, rabbit, maize } 17, To make straight ridges one should use a A. take B. wheelbarow — C, wateringcan D. garden line18, What is the person in the picture doing wrong? A. He isnot wearing protective clothes. 8, He ls too shor, C. He is spraying welll. D. He is not smiling. 19. The tool used when you want to control pasts in the garcen is__. A, wheelborraw B. knapsack sprayer C. ahoe D. spade 20, Crickets, amacimbi and mazhanje ore common in A. summer 8. winter C. spring DB. autumn 21. Winter falls under which of the following months? A. November, December. January B. May, June, July, August C. November, January, February D, September, October, November 22. Which tool should be greased before using it? A. hoe B. spade c. sickle D. wheelbarrow 23, Crops which give us mealie meal for sadza are__, A. groundnuts. peas, beans 8. maize, sorghum, ragcko C, sunflower, roundnuts, sugar cane D. sunflewer, peas, beans 24, How do you make sure you are using a hoe safely? A. Digging while you are looking somewhere else B. Digging while there is na one near you ¢. Digging using one hand DB, Digging while your eyes are closed 25. Post rain season is the same as A. winter B. summer Cc. spring DB. outunnnStructured questions Section B Answer all questions 1. [a] What is: i) agricullure soil soil erosion? tool. 2. {a} Which two common materials ore used when making compost? [b} List three common soils, 3. [aj fi) Write down the names of the four seasons. What activities are done in summer? (ii) What common sign shows us that winter is near? 4, [a) What is a compost used for? [b) Whot ore the signs of erosion? {¢} Why are animals important in agriculture? 5. Match the garden tools and their uses. (a)_ sickle camying manure (6) wheelbarrow shallow cultivation (9 garden ine levelling beds (a) end fork cutting grass te) rake mnoking straight lines (3)Figure 9.1 Caitle drinking water from a dom Objective Learners should be able to: 1, state the uses of water in agriculture Introduction POEM Water! Water! Water! Water is life Ficnis need weter Water is needed by animals People need water Water, water you ore precious Without you No life in plants No life in animals No life in people Thank you Lere for giving us water!Unit 9 Water conservationUses of water in agriculture Water [s the liquid which forms the rivers, dams, lakes, seas and rain. All living organisms need water to survive. Water is very important in agricultyre, andte the life of people and cnimals, Water is important for the following: + watering vegetobies, + drinking by animals + inigating fields + forfish farming + cleaning agricultural equipment * used in industries + used in cooling engines in cars and tractors used on the farms. Water needs to be conserved. Conservation is using water wisely without wasting it, Storing water is also a way of conserving it. so that we will use it Fer watering and irrigating, Watering is done on small pieces of land and we use buckets or ‘watering cans. ligation is done on large pieces of land ond we use sprinklers andl hosepipes. Water is conserved in tanks, dams and boreholes. See the pictures belew ond identify the uses of water in agriculture. b) 9)| ystoa hea in groups, discuss the uses of waller in your communities and also the general uses of water. You can mime uses of water.and others say the use after observing the mimicry. a Activity 2 Your teacher will demonstrate how to water a vegetable bed using a watering can. Afler that, water the vegetalle beds in the school garden. From the poem in the introduction, what three things need water? {a (eo) (c) List three uses of water, What is happening in each diagram in Figure 9.37 Name two sources of water. What is water conservation? Summary Water is used in agriculture fer: * drinking * watering animals * watering small gardens + imigating large fields * cleaning agricultural equipment * mixing with chemicals for spraying and keeping fish amang other uses, Water is conserved in dams, tanks and boreholes for future use. Glossary Conservation = — using resources wisely Watering — putting water in q bed using a bucket, watering can or hosepipe. \rigation = putting water in a field using any imigation method.End of topic asses: Lr Multiple choice questions 1. Which of the following is not a use of water? A. drinking 8. inigation C. for petrol D. watering flowers 2, Choose a watering tool. A. tank B, hese pipe C. wheel barrow D. cup 3. Adomestic use of wateris “ A.intigation B. cleaning industrial equipment . washing clothes D, making rods 4, When we use water in a small garden we call this A. watering B. irrigation C. dripping DB. fleoding 5, Inigation is when we A. water small pisces ofland 8. -—_watter lorge pieces of land ©. water the garden D. plant vegetables When watering we normally use A. a wheelbarrow B. knapsack sprayer C. tank D, watering con 7. When irigating ore used. A. buckets B. watering cans C. springiers D. wheel barrows Structured questions 1. What is water? (al 2. Uses of waler in agricuiture are and 3. Nome three sources of water used in farming. ie] What happens to crops if they are not watered? mM Where con we store water for forming? fjFigure 19,1 Plants Ss Leamers should be able to: 1. identify plants within the loca! environment 2. state local organi sources of plant nuttients 3. identify local vegetables 4. classify local vegetables os indigenous or exotic 5. Identify local field crops 6. identify local fruit trees 7. define omarmentel horticulture 8. Identify emamental plants 9, define forestry 10, state uses of trees Planis are important in fe because they help us lo get oxygen. We use plants as food, medicine and some are used fo make aur homes lock beaut, Plants provide us with fistes for making cloth, rope and paper. Some provide fuel and also shelter.Unit 10 Introduction to the study of planis Figure 10.2.4 mange tee Plants within the local environment The environment has a lot of plants, These include grasses. trees. and shrubs. Trees are plants which have hard sterrs that grow tall. Shrubs are small to medium sized ‘bushes that have multiple stems near the ground. Grasses are thin and they have: soft stems.” t ” Types of plants Trees : Trees have jong/tall trunks that supports branches above the ground, Most trees ore woody and grow tall and strong. We use trees for different things. Trees provide us with * poles for building + oxygen for breathing + fimber to make furniture + paper * medicines and remedies Shrubs Shrubs are plans with smaller and numerous sterns. We find most shrubs as bushes in ourcommunity. Some shrubs like the bougainvillea have flowers. We use them to decorate our yards and mark boundaries, Some shrubs are used as hedges as most of them have their leaves all year round. Some shrubs are herbs. Herbs ara: plants with leaves, seeds or flowers used for food, medicine or perlurne. Grosses These cre plants with narrow long leaves ond thin stems that are jointed. Some grass plants produce food. Barley, maize (com), rapoko, rice, sorghum, wheat and millet are all grasses. Grasses that grow fall are called tufted grasses. These are often used for thatching and are harvested 10 make hay. Runner grass. does not grew tail, It moves and covers the ground, This type of grass is often used as lawn or fodder tor cattle and horses. a Go around the school, and take a small branch from any plant and say the name fo the plant. Use the local names where necessary. Look for manila sheets. cut them into A4 size. Dry the leawes in a shade so that they do not lose their colour. After drying them, paste the leaves on the manila sheet. Write the names of the trees and bushes from which you took the leaves, State the uses of these trees and bushes in your community. Go home and research on the imporiance of each plant you have picked from the garcen, field or orchard .Alrican spider herb ‘Wild loquat ‘Monkey orange munyeve/ulude muzhanie mutomba Small leaved fluff bush Upright stor bor chigunguny ‘Sour plum Wild spinach munhengeni mowarinbuya Figure 10.3 Plants within the local environment —_. HK ental Indigenous plants are plants that are originally grown in a country. Fea a Exofic plants are plants thot are originally grown in fereign coungriagiee "04 8% pz oct | Pa | rete oy 6 ee1. What is the name-of this tree? A. Mscsa 8. Sourplum C. Orange tree 0. Water-bery 2. What is the name-of this shrub? rT A. Smoilieated flutt bush B. Bougainvillea a C. Poor man’s spinach D. Sour plum 3. Ashrub has. A. thin and soff stems 8. hard stoms a C. ne leaves D. multiple stems near the ground 4. What is the difference between a tree and a shrub? he: 5. Uist four common pionts found in your area. Summary * There are different types of plants found in your area. * There are 3 main types of plants, trees, shrubs and grasses. + Plants originally found in o country ore called indigenous. * Plants originally found in forsign/other countries are called exotic. Glossary Shrub - a plant which does not grow more than 2m and have man’ branches. Tree — _aplont.with along trunk.iT ae 4 organic matter plant nubients Introduction manure Uke animals and people. plants also need food. They take their food through the roots, The food is called plant nutrients. The common nutrients which feed plants are nilrogen, phosphorus and potash (potassium). There are many sources of plant nutients, these include monure, } plant stover and fertilisersmo Figure 11.2 shows the animal and the manure it produces. Local sources of plant nutrients ee cattle manure a goat manure hen Chicken manure Figure 11.2 Shews the animal and manure it produces Mast domestic animols produce dung which is usec! es manure. The manure Is from the food taken in by the cnimals. The food is usucily organic matter. Organic matter is living material such as grass, leaves and crops. It is important to keep catlig, goats, sheep, rabbits, chickens and donkeys because their waste gives Us monure which we can use in our gardens. A compost is made of organic matter,‘Manure Use Cattle manure * best for fisid crops such as maize, sorghum, millet etc. * garden crops such as rape, viscous, tomatoes = flowers Dest for garden crops such os rape, vVcous, tomatoes, onions etc. flowers Chicken manure best for field crops such as maize, sorghum, millet etc. + garden crops + flowers and lawn ‘Compost manure In groups of 5, list ecally available plant nulfients. Bing a2kg paperof manure of any animails you keep at home and put it in the school garcien. 1. Which animal gives manure? A. izard B. cat ©. chicken D. cog 2. Compost is made up of __. A. plastic, stover and cattle manure B, stover, cattle manure and mbber CC. slover, cattle menure and Kitchen waste D. plasfic, sover and rubber 3. Plants take plant nutrients as their, A. food B. manure C. compost D. potash For questions 4-4 choose your answers from the following: cattle, phosphorus, chicken, nitrogen, goat, organic matter, potash 4. The three nutrients found in manure ore and 5, Three types of animal manure are ‘ond 6. Any living material that decomposes is calledSummary * Plants need nuttients to grow well. Manure from animals is called organic manure, When we heap grass, leaves and any other material thot decomposes we forrn compost menure. which is required for providing piant nufrients. Glossary Manure = animal waste which contains food (nutrients) food for plant growih. Organic mater = — anything that can decay Plant nuitlents = food for the plantsPa Vegetable crops rape viscose onion cabbage Figure 12.1 Vegetable craps |Infreduction Vegetables ore used as relish or part of « meal. Relish is anything that we eat sadzo/isitshwala with. Vegetables that have been always grown in Zimbabwe are called indigenous, Those that come from other countries and are now being grown in cur country ere called exotle vegetables. Figure 12.2 shows some locally available vegetables, Exotic vegetables Indigenous vegetables a) viscose ‘b} cauliiower 0) pumpkin leaves ta | nyevhe/ulude ¢} cabbage Ba b) blackjack d) carrots GB fomatoes Figure 12.2 Exolie and indigenavs vegetables Local vegetables Most vegetables are grawn in the garden. There-ore different parts of a vegetable that can be eaten. Vegetables ore classified as exotic or indigenous. Exotic vegetables are those brought from othercountries and are now being grown in our country. Examples ore rape, cabbage, tomatoes, onion, spinach, cove, lettuce and carrots. Indigenous vegetables are thase that have always been found in our country. These may be grasses. shrubs or trees growing in our areas but can be used as relish. Examples cre pumpkin leaves, spider flower leaves (nyevhe/uluce), black jack (tsine/inzola), wild spinach Imowa} okra (derere/idelele), and baobab leaves. We can grow most vegetabies all year round in a garden. Most vegetable require constant watering ond attention. in Zimbabwe most vegetable crops grow well in bosandy loom soil and do well in cool and warm temperatures. Too much heat and 100 much cold Is Not geod for vegetable crops. Too much water and a lack of water is not goad for vegetables as well. Some indigenous vagetables are only available during the rainy season. They grow naturally, although we can grow themin a controlled environment. These include, spider flower (nyevhe/uiude) wid spinach (mow, black jack (tsinefinzala) and mushrooms. These normally sprout naturally during the rainy season. al Reo al Use Figure 12.1 to answer the following questions: 1, Which vegetables are leaf vegetables i 2. Which vegetables are root vegetables. Collect indigenous vegetable seeds and sow them out of season fo see if they can grow, If they grow, encourage the growing of these out of season, 1 Exercise is an exotic vegetable. Spider flower leaves . Black jack Cabbage |. Poor man's spinach isan indigenous vegetable . Cabbage . Black jack . Lettuce |. Carrots . We can grow most vegetcioles A. in summer . inwinter C. throughout the year . inautumn Match vegetables of the same categary lincigenous/exatic} Black jack cobbage Lettuce: carrots Wild spinach. boobab leaves Spider tower cow Tomatoes pumpkin leaves Name three exotic vegetables and three indigenous vegetoblesSummary Vegetables are classified os indigenous and as exotic. indigenous are those that grow naturally in cur fields. Exotic are those that are planted in the garden. Exotic vegetables include rape. cabbage. onion, tomatoes. beans, spinach and covo, Indigenous vegetoisles include nyevhe/ulude, muchache/amakaka, muboora/ibhokoic, mowa/imbuya and mutsine/ucucuzo. = Glossary Indigenous anything originating in a country Exotic imported trom other countries Relish anything that is used to eat sadza withSummary + Vegetables are classified as indigenous and as exotic. Indigenous are those that grow naturally in our fields. Exotic ore those that are planted in the garden. * — Exotic vegetables include rape, cabbage, cnion, tomatoes, beans, spinach ‘and cove. + Indigenous vegetables include nyevhe/ulude. muchachd/amakaka, muboora/iphokelo, mowalimbuya and mutsine/ucucuza. Glossary Indigenous. = = anything originating in. a country ‘ Exotic — imperted frem other countries ; Relish - anything that is used to eat sadza withLUT ans3 Field crops ; Figure 13.1 Field crops Flashback _ Give examples of crops grown in 6 field. } Introduction Field crops are grown in the field. They ore usually staple food crops or cash-crops. Mos! field crops give us maney.Local field crops ‘Common crops grown by people in their felds are crops that provide staple food. Staple food is food that people in an area sat most of the time. People also grow Cash crops in thet fields 93 field crops, Cash crops are craps people graw to sale and get money. Maize, rapoke, sorghum are grown because they make mecilie- meal which is used to make sadza/isitshwala. Sadza/isitshwata is a staple food in Zimbabwe. Cotton, tobacco and sugar cane are grown for export. This means thai people sell these crops outside the country and make money. Some crops like ground nuts, sunflower ond. soya beins are cash crops sold Ie the locol industries where they are used to make cooking oil. Identity the field crops in figure 13.1. Visit c local farm that is near the school. Identify crops grown there. Create an agricultural comer in the classroom. Bring crop samples from home and place them ot the agricutural comer, 1. Which list of crops can be used to produce mealie meal? A. sunflower, maize, cow peas B. maize, sorghum, ropoko C. maize, beans, groundnuts D. maize. sunflower, round nuts 2. Peanut butter is obtained from —__. A. maize B, round nuts Cc. groundnuts D. vegetables 3. Cooking oil is obtained from + A. cow peas B, groundnuls C, rapoke D. sorghum 4, What are the three field crops you know? a} bh c} 5. Name three crops that give us staple food in Zimbabwe. 6 Name three cash crops sold outside the country.Summary * — Crops grown in the fiele are field crops * Some field crops are staple foods * Some field crops are cash crops Glossary export - selling of things outside the country. legume = - a cop which bears seeds in pads.Ss Benona Figure 14.1 Local fruit tees Infroduction Fruits are an important part in peopie's diet. They are rich in essential nutrients such as vilamins, mineral salls and calclum, As o result we need to take care of fruit trees to ensure our supply ot fruits. Local fruit trees Fruit trees bear fruit which can be eaten by people, Fruit trees are usually grown in an orehard. You find that most schools hove an erchard, with exotic fruit trees. Below are some of the examples of local fruit trees.——_ (Grange tres Bonana thes Gucvaires: Apple tree Mange tree Paceh treeA ie ____i Nacties te Figure 14.2 Local fruit frees Figure 14.3 Indigenous uit treesMost indigenous frit trees bear fruit in summer. Summer is a good season for fruit trees as there would be a lot of water. Other fruits like guavas, masqu/amasowa beat fruit during the post rainy season Indigenous fruit trees ore found in certain creas. This is because that would be the area they originate from. re) Gg nore oranges mazhanjeamazhanje Leamers to go in the school orchard and name the ‘uit trees they have seen. Identify some fruit trees that your teacher will show you Activity 2 Project Bring fnvit seecis/seedlings from home. Now try to plant the seeds in the school orchard. Continue caring for the plan's. 1, Fruits are an important part of our. A. orchard B. gardens c. diet D. culture 2. Most bananas in Zimbabwe ore grown in__. A. Chipinge B. Honde valley C. Mutare D. Mbare 3. Fruits ore important for people's diet because they are rich in . A. agriculture 6. water C. nutrients D. orchard 4, Fruit trees ore grown in an 5. Name ony two fruits you know. 6. Give three reasons why fruits are important.Summary . * Fruits are important four our badies because they supply vitamins. * Fruit trees we find in the forest are called indigenous fruit trees and these include mutohwe/uxakuxaku. mutemba/umkhemeswane, munhengeni, muzhaonje/umdlawuzo and muhache/umkhune. * Full irees which were brought from sther countries and which are now being grown in eur Country are exolic fruit trees and these Include mango, ‘apple, orange, and banana. Glossary Exotic trees — these ore trees imported from other countries and ate now growing in our country Orchard = aplace where fruit trees are grownUnit 15 Ormamental horticulture Figure 15.1 Omamental plants Flashback Whaii kind of plants do you use te cecercte your home or school? Name the flowers you know. , ‘Our homes and schools need to be beautiful. How can we make our school or home look beautiful?a — 1 — b) Aschool with decorative shrubs Figure 15.2 Using omamental plants ta beauify homes and schaols Horticulture is the growing of vegetables and orchard crops. Ornamental meons decorative. Cmamental horticulture is the growing of decorative plants like shrubs ‘and flowers. Figure 15.1 shaws some common omamental plants. Common flowers like Marigold, Dalia flower, Chrisi’s thom are found on mosi schools and homes. There are also shrubs which Seautifies homes or schools, tor example, golden durante, and bougeinvilea.Bougeinvilies shrub Figure 15.3 Flower: ond shrubs that can be used to decorate places Bring flowers from your home and plant them. Water the flowers. Keep caring for the flowers. ag in groups, list other omamental piants at home. After listing, move cround the school identifying ornamental plants. The growing of vegetables and omamental crops Is refered fo as A. agronomy —B. horticulture C. fielcrops OD. oll crops 2. Identity ornamental crops from the list. A. dolia, marigold B, maize, beans C, cabbage, carrots D. peas, beans3. Identify the shrub in the picture. A. golden duranto B. green durante C. bougainvillea D. Christ's thom 4, What is omamental horticulture? 5. Name one decorative shrub you know. 6. Why do we grow flowers? Summary + Omamental means to decorate. * Omamental plants are plants used te decorate a piace. + Horficutture is the growing of vegetables and omamental crops. + Omamental horticulture helps our homes and schools to look Seautiful. * We can sell omamental horticulture produce. Glossary Ornamental = anything thet is used to beautify or decorate, Horticulture — the growing of vegetables, fruit trees and omamental plantsVTL} | ie Word check Forestry Plantotion Introduction Trees are Important fo people, animals and the environment. People and canines rely on trees, for the air they breathe. Forestry Forestry is the growing and caring of trees. We grow trees on very large areas of land. This land is called a plantation, plantations are bigger than fields, We usudilly have gum plantations, pine plantations, cyprus plantations. Plantations can Be found everywhere in the country, bu! they are common in the Eastem highlanes, that is Mutare, Nyanga and Chimanimari.a We Use grow gum, pine and cyprus trees because they grow tall and straight. This makes them useful for making poles and straight long planks. We also use eucelyotus trees to make paper. We take care of indigenous forests with mopane, mahogany, teak and mukwa becouse the trees have hard and strong wood. We- use wood from indigenous trees to make fumiture. Uses of frees Trees are important becouse they give us: + oxygen we breath + timber for resting and furniture + firewood + food - fruits poles forfencing planks fer reofing and making furniture | — | <_m—0~— | Fumiture Paper to make books Fig 14.2 Uses of treesVisit a nearby olantation and observe the trees that have been grown there, Discuss how these trees can be used. Caliect seeds from different trees and plant them. You can also get gum tree seedlings and plant them. When trees which ore not fruil ees ore planted in a lerge field, the fleld is coled a ‘A. ofchard_B. flower C. plontation —B.shrub Which tree is out of place? A. gumiree 8. pine tree 6 Which is a set of plantation trees? A. gum tres, pine tree B, mango tree, orange tree Cc. msasa, mopane D. cabbage, rape: Name three types of trees which can be grown for timber Give two uses of trees What is forestry? mange tree =D. cyprus tee Summary Forestry is the growing and coring of trees. Trees mostly grown in plantations are gum trees, pine trees ond cyprus trees. Trees cre grown in a plantation, Trees are useful in thal they: — Provide wood — Provide oxygen — Provide timber — Provide poles Glossary Forestry —--_ the growing and caring of trees. Plantalion -cilorge plece of land where Irees are grown.How much do you remember? Select the words from the word puzzle Find the following 1. June 2, Legumes 3. Acrop which Is the staple food for Zimbabwe, 4. Aword that explains the growing of craps and keeping of animals. 5. Aploce where crops are grown. 6. The four seasons of the year, 7. Amonth which mos! areas start receiving rains. 8. Ause of trees, 9. A tool used for digging, 10. A fool used forremoving rubbish or leveling beds. 11. A tool used to camy garden produce. 12, Importance of agriculrure. 13. An animal used for security at home. 14, Things which decay, 15. A place where gum trees are planted,16, A plant which grows up fo 60cm. 17, Nutrients supplied by manure, 18, Uses of water, 19. A fool used for cutting trees. 20. A crop used fo make cecking oil. 21. A plant grown by people and taken care of by people, End of topic assessment test Mulliple choice questions 1. Which plant is nat common in most of our local environment in Zimbabwe? A. peachites 8. date tree C. gum tree DB. mango tree 2. The following are organic sources ef plant nutrients except A. cattle manure B. chicken manure C. cempost manure DB. compound D 3. Which vegetable is out of place? A. pumpkin leaves 8 cauliflower ©. block jack D. spindle pod 4, The following are exotic vegetables except A. psorman's spinach B. rope C. spinach D. cabbage 5, Choose a crop which is not a local field crop. A. sunflower B. maize C. wheat D. canis 6. Which of the following is not a locol fruit tree? A. oranges 8. apricot Cc. avocade D. banana 7. The growing of crops which add beauly to an area is called —__. A. agronomy B. horticulture Cc. omamental herticulture D. gardening 8. Three of the following ore omamental plants except ___. A. golden duranta B. bougainvillea shrub €. marigold D. rape 9. The growing ond caring of trees is known as A. orchard B. horticulture C. forestry D. field crapping 19, Which of the following Is nota use of trees? A. foreleciticity poles B. for furniture C. forimigation D. for controlling erosion