Subject: English for Academic and Professional Purposes

Authors: Ms. Laila E. Mendoza, Ms. Cristina M. Cruz, and Ms. Sharmaine Arvy J. Myhre
Editors: Mrs. Crista E. Macale and Mr. Jaycie B. Robles
Reviewers: Mr. Elmar A. Cundangan and Mr. Victor T. Reyes

LESSON 8: PLAGIARISM
Description of the lesson

Have you heard of the campaign, “plagiarism is a crime”? What is your view on it?
In this lesson, we will know what plagiarism is, why it is wrong and how we can avoid
committing such act. Are you excited to unlock a new lesson?

Objectives: (What I need to know)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. define a plagiarism and the ways to avoid it;
2. demonstrate the consequence of committing plagiarism through a slogan; and
3. modify some examples of plagiarized works by following the different ways to avoid plagiarism.
Day 1
Pre-assessment (What I know)
Direction: Look at the controversial pictures and scenarios below and give your opinion whether it shows
plagiarism or not. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Last 2017, the University of the
Philippines’ “Uplift” structure caught the
attention of the public as it reached the
headlines due to plagiarism allegations. A
lot of people saw the Uplift’s (left)
resemblance to the Netherlands’ The
Virgins of Apeldoorn (right) which was
made by the Dutch artist named Elisabet
Stienstra.

Photo source: https://steemit.com/news/@angelspeaks/plagiarism-controversy

-up-female-oblation-uplift-and-the-virgins-of-apeldoorn

2. The right photo was the Department

of Tourism’s slogan last January 2017
which was criticized for allegedly
copying the 1951 Swiss Tourism slogan
(left).

Photo source: https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/08/20/12/list-5-most-

talked-about-plagiarism-scandals-ph

3. In a senate hearing about the Reproductive Health Bill, Senator Tito Sotto delivered a speech
which later on caught the attention of a lot of people due to its similarity to the Kennedy’s Day
of Affirmation Address which is about individual liberty, apartheid, and civil rights. Some of
the contentious lines of the speech are:

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Kennedy: Sotto:

Few will have the greatness to bend Iilan ang magiging dakila sa pagbali ng
history itself, but each of us can work kasaysayan, subalit bawat isa sa atin ay
to change a small portion of events, maaaring kumilos, gaano man kaliit, para
and in the total of all those acts will ibahin ang takbo ng mga pangyayari. Kapag
be written the history of this pinagsama-sama ang ating munting pagkilos,
generation. makalilikha tayo ng totalidad na
magmamarka sa kabuuan ng kasaysayan ng
It is from numberless diverse acts of henerasyong ito.
courage and belief that human history
is shaped. Ang mga hindi-mabilang na iba't ibang galaw
ng katapangan at paninindigan ang
Each time a man stands up for an humuhubog sa kasaysayan ng sangkatauhan.
ideal, or acts to improve the lot of
others, or strikes out against injustice, Tuwing naninindigan tayo para sa isang
he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope, paniniwala, tuwing kumikilos tayo para
and crossing each other from a mapabuti ang buhay ng iba, tuwing
million different centers of energy nilalabanan natin ang kawalan ng katarungan,
and daring those ripples build a nakalilikha tayo ng maliliit na galaw. Kapag
current which can sweep down the nagkasama-sama ang mumunting galaw na
mightiest walls of oppression and mga ito, bubuo ito ng isang malakas na
resistance. puwersang kayang magpabagsak maging ng
pinakamatatag na dingding ng opresyon.

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Day 2
Lesson Content (What’s new?)
Direction: Read the discussion of the lesson below. For deeper understanding of the lesson, you are
encouraged to take down notes or highlight important information from the texts.
According to the University of Cambridge, plagiarism is acclaiming one’s work, irrespective of intent to
deceive, that which derives in part or in its entirely from the work of others without proper
acknowledgment.
We often describe plagiarism as an act of copying somebody else’s work and borrowing someone else’s
original ideas. However, using the words “copying” and “borrowing” can disguise the seriousness of the
offense due to its level of simplicity.
As defined by the Merriam-webster online dictionary, to plagiarize means to: (1) steal and pass off (the
ideas or words of another) as one’s own; (2) use (another’s production) without crediting the source; (3)
commit literary theft; and (4) present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source. Therefore, plagiarism is an act of fraud that involves stealing the idea or work of other people and
lying or denying it afterwards.
An article entitled, Plagiarism 101 posted by the plagiarism.org shows some examples of scenarios
showing the act of plagiarism. The scenarios are listed below:

Turning in someone else's work as your own

Copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit
Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether
you give credit or not (see our section on "fair use" rules)
Copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your own papers or
websites
Making a video using footage from others’ videos or using copyrighted music as part of the
soundtrack
Performing another person’s copyrighted music (i.e., playing a cover)
Composing a piece of music that borrows heavily from another composition
A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph of a book cover to
represent that book on one’s website)
Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music or video is playing in the background.
Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for example: shooting a photograph that uses the
same composition and subject matter as someone else’s photograph)
Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for example: making a painting that closely
resembles another person’s photograph)
Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video or audio, even if done so in an original way

How can we avoid plagiarism? Here are some ways:

1. Paraphrasing
This means rendering essential ideas in a text using your own words and terms. Unlike a summary,
paraphrasing focuses on one single idea.

In order to paraphrase effectively, you have to re-read the original passage until you understand
its full meaning. You should also check your rendition of the passage if you express the
information accurately.

Here is an example of an original passage with legitimate and plagiarized versions.

The original passage:

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 Students frequently overuse quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in
the final (research) paper. Probably not 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly
quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source
materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd Ed. (1976): 46-47.

A legitimate paraphrase:

In research papers student often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a
desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize
the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

A plagiarized version:

Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them
in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of
directly quoted material. So, it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while
taking notes.

2. Quoting
Quoting means to repeat another source word-for-word using quotation marks. A direct quotation
is referred to a paraphrase when the author’s ideas are so important that paraphrasing them will
change the essence of those ideas.

Example: According to Jonathan Clarke, “Professional diplomats often say that trying to think
diplomatically.”

3. Parenthetical citation
These are citations to original source that appear in the text of your paper. This allows the reader
to see immediately where your information comes from, and it saves you the trouble of having to
make footnotes or endnotes.

The author’s last name, publication year, and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text.

Example:

Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a “delayed uncontrolled repetitive
appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena. (p.11)

A traumatic response frequently entails a “delayed uncontrolled repetitive appearance of

hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena. (Caruth, 1996, p.11)

Some additional information is necessary.

✓ More than one author with the same last name.

(H. James, 1978), (U. James, 1880)

✓ Two or more works in the same parenthesis.

(Courth, 1996; Fussel, 1975; Showalter, 1997)

✓ Works with six or more authors.

(Smith et.al, 1998)

✓ Specific part of a source.

(Jones, 1995, Chap. 2)

4. Referencing
Including a reference page or page of works cited at the end of your research is a must. You must
acknowledge and reference all the sources you use in your work. May it be words and ideas, facts,
images, videos, graphs, websites, statistics, and data.
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 The most used format is called the APA Format which has the pattern of: Author’s name (year of
publication). Title of source material. Date of retrieval. Retrieved from (URL).

Here are the other formats you could use in referencing.

a. Books
Hay, J. (1994), Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and the undoing of character. New York:
Touchstone.

b. Article in Magazine
Klein, J. (1998, October 9). Dizzy days.

c. A newspaper article
Tomasini, A. (1998, October 27). Master teachers whose artistry glows in private. New York
Times, p.82

Day 3
Review
Practice (What is it?)
Direction: Tell whether the following are Quoting, Referencing, or Parenthetical citation.
______1. According to Goldenberg (2018), Proficiency in the English language may be defined as the
combination of the four macro skills which is also measured by the TOEFL and the most well-known
exam taken by different countries to get an opportunity work in other country.
_______2. Sipher, R. So That Nobody Hass to Go to School If They Don’t Want To. The New York
Times, 19. Dec. 1977, p.31
_______3. According to Hertzberg Dahl the U.S Constitution “bad marks in democratic fairness’ and
‘encouraging consensuses’
_______4. Menand (2002) characterizes language as social weapon (p. 115)
_______5. Hertzberg (2002) notes that treating the Constitution as imperfect is not new, but because
Dahl’s credentials, his apostasy merits attention (p. 85)
_______6. Menand (2001) acknowledges that H.W. Fowlers Modern English Usage is a classic of the
language but he asks, “Is it dead classic” (p. 114)
_______7. Thomas Friedman wrote, “No two countries that both had McDonald’s had fought a war
against each other since each got its McDonald’s”
_______8. Mints, S. (2010). Food Enigmas, Colonial and Postcolonial. Gastronomica, vol. 10, no. 1, pp.
149-160
_______9. Adair, J. (1988). Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely. London:
Pan Books.
_______10. Jone’s (1998) study found that students often had difficulty using APA style. Especially when
it is their first-time citing sources. (p. 199)
Day 4
Valuing/Integration (What’s more?)

Direction: Now that we have learned how wrong it is to steal one’s work and ideas, let us spread the
awareness. On a long bond paper, create a slogan that encourages people to avoid committing plagiarism.
Post it on your Facebook account.

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Day 5

Post-assessment (What I have learned)

Direction: Paraphrase the given passages. Write your work on an intermediate paper.

1. Spelling is an essential and complex skill involving multiple components, including visual memory,
phoneme-grapheme awareness as well as orthographic and morphophemic knowledge (van Hell,
Bosman, & Bartelings 2003; Alber & Walshe, 2004).

2. Social networking sites include: Twitter, Yahoo Messenger, Facebook Messenger, Blackberry
Messenger (BBM), Whats app messenger, 2go messenger, Skype, Google talk, Google Messenger,
iPhone and Androids. These networking sites are used by most people to interact with old and new
friends, physical or internet friends ( Asemah and Edegoh, 2012).

In one paragraph, kindly discuss your takeaways from our lesson.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________.

Congratulations! You are done with this week’s learning guide about “PLAGIARISM”. Did you have
fun while learning? What is your favorite part of the lesson and/or activity? Tell me more by filling in the
blanks below.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________.

Reminders:
1. Keep all your written outputs in a portfolio.
2. Your opinion matters! Send me your feedback regarding the lesson through text or chat.
You may also ask for clarification and guidance in order to achieve the lesson’s goal.
3. Enjoy learning!

References:

EAPPdaily. (2018). Lesson 3: Plagiarism. Retrived on: November 07, 2020. Retrieved from:
https://eappdaily.wordpress.com/2018/09/19/lesson-3-plagiarism/

Malig, J. (2012). Sotto's new RH speech copied from Kennedy? Retrieved on: November 07, 2020.
Retrieved from: ABS-CBN news.com

Tupa, S. (2017). What is plagiarism? Retrived on: November 07, 2020. Retrieved from:
https://www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-plagiarism

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