RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 1

RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
wb‡`©kbv :
1. weMZ cÖkœcÎ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, RxeweÁvb 1g cÎ eB †_‡K cÖwZeQiB Kgc‡ÿ 10-15wU cÖkœ Av‡m| Gi †_‡K †ewk
Avm‡ZI †`Lv hv‡”Q B`vbxs|
2. kU© Gi evB‡ii P¨vÞvi¸‡jv Av‡M fv‡jvfv‡e c‡o †kl K‡iv, Zvici kU© Gi P¨vÞviI wifvBm w`‡e fv‡jvfv‡e|

cÖ_g Aa¨vq
†Kvl I Gi MVb

†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
* ‡Kv‡li bvgKiY I cÖKvi‡f`
(**) Dw™¢`‡Kvl I cÖvYx‡Kvl
(***) mvB‡UvcøvRgxq A½vYy (ivB‡ev‡Rvg, MjwR ewW, gvB‡UvKwÛªqv, wbDwK¬qvm)
(***) †µv‡gv‡mvg I wbDwK¬K GwmW (DNA, RNA)
(**) †iwcø‡Kkb, UªvÝwµckb, Uªv݇jkb
(**) wRb I †R‡bwUK †KvW

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. AvaywbK †Kvlwe`¨vi RbK †K?
K Hooke L Hickman DËi : N
M Smith N Carl. P. Swanson
e¨vL¨v : ‡Kvlwe`¨vi RbK -Robert Hooke Ges AvaywbK †Kvlwe`¨vi RbK-Carl P. Swanson.
2. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Avw`‡Kvlx Rxe?
K Mycoplasma L Fungus DËi : K
M Animal N Virus
e¨vL¨v : Bacteria, Mycoplasma Avw`‡Kvlx Rxe| fvBivm A‡Kvlxq|
3. my‡Kw›`ªK †Kv‡l †Kvb c×wZ‡Z cywó N‡U bv?
K ÿiY L AvËxKiY DËi : K
M ‡kvlY N mv‡jvKms‡kølY
e¨vL¨v : ‡kvlY,AvËxKiY, mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g my‡Kw›`ªK †Kv‡lcywó N‡U|
4. gvbe‡`‡ni me‡P‡q j¤^v †Kvl †KvbwU?
K †cwk‡Kvl L wbDib †Kvl DËi : L
M AveiYx †Kvl N Aw¯’ †Kvl
e¨vL¨v : wbDib gvbe‡`i me‡P‡qj¤^v †Kvl (1.37 m)|
2 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
5. †Kvl¯’ wbR©xe e¯‘ †KvbwU?
K cøvw÷W L ivB‡ev‡Rvg DËi : M
M mwÂZ Lv`¨ N MjwMewW
e¨vL¨v : mwÂZ Lv`¨, wb:m„Z c`v_©, eR©¨ c`v_© BZ¨vw` †Kvl¯’ wbR©xe e¯‘|
6. ‘Genera Plantarum’ eBwUi iPwqZv †K?
K wjwbqvm L w¯§_ DËi : N
M ûK N ‡eb_vg-ûKvi
e¨vL¨v : Species plantarum- wjwbqvm; Genera plantarum- ‡eb_vgûKvi|
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wØel©Rxex?
K ‡Qvjv L g~jv DËi : L
M Av`v N njy`
e¨vL¨v : g~jv, dzjKwc wØel©Rxex Dw™¢`|
8. †kÖwYweb¨v‡mi †gŠwjK GKK †KvbwU?
K RMr L MY DËi : M
M cÖRvwZ N eM©
e¨vL¨v : cÖRvwZ n‡jv †kÖwYweb¨v‡mi †gŠwjK GKK| ivRv n‡jv †kÖwYweb¨v‡mi mvie©Rbxb GKK|
9. QÎv‡Ki †KvlcÖvPxi wK wbwg©Z?
K wjMwbb L ‡cKwUb DËi : N
M wKDwUKj N KvBwUb
e¨vL¨v : QÎv‡Ki †KvlcÖvPxi KvBwUb wbwg©Z| Q°v - Q †Z QÎvK, K †Z KvBwUb|
10. †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi kZKiv KZ fvM cvwb?
K 65-69% L 70-80% DËi : M
M 70-90% N 65-90%
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi 70-90% cvwb|
11. GKgyLx AveZ©b †`Lv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K cvZvSuvwS L Tradescantia DËi : K
M Cereals N Bean
e¨vL¨v : cvZvSuvwS‡Z GKgyLx AveZ©b N‡U Tradescantia †Z eûgyLx AveZ©b N‡U|
12. æUnit membrane hypothesis” ‡Kvb weÁvbx cÖ¯Íve K‡ib?
K Smith L Singer DËi : M
M Robertson N Nicolson
e¨vL¨v : Unit membrane hypothesis-weÁvbx Robertson cÖ¯ÍveK‡ib|
13. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †gg‡eªb †cÖvwUb bq?
K BbwUMÖvj †cÖvwUb L ‡cwi‡divj †cÖvwUb DËi : N
M wjwcW m¤ú„³ †cÖvwUb N ‡gUv‡jv †cÖvwUb
e¨vL¨v : †gg‡eªb †cÖvwUb 3 ai‡bi- BbwUMÖvj †cÖvwUb, †cwi‡divj †cÖvwUb, wjwcW m¤ú„³ †cÖvwUb|
14. ‡Kv‡li wewfbœiKg Z‡_¨i wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †KvbwU?
K cøvw÷W L wbDwK¬qvm DËi : M
M cøvRgv‡jgv N †K¬v‡ivcøv÷
e¨vL¨v : ‡KvlwSjøx †Kv‡li Z‡_¨i wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 3
15. MøvB‡KvjvBwmm †Kv_vq msNwUZ nq?
K Nucleus L Cytoplasm DËi : L
M Mitochondria N Lysosome
e¨vL¨v : mvB‡UvcøvR‡g MøvB‡KvjvBwmm N‡U|
16. ‘Traffic Police of the cell’ ‡KvbwU?
K cøvw÷W L MjwMewW DËi : L
M jvB‡mv‡mvg N ivB‡ev‡mvg
e¨vL¨v : ‡Kv‡li UªvwdK cywjk- MjwMewW
17. jvB‡mv‡mvg ˆZwi K‡i †KvbwU?
K cøvw÷W L ‡Kvlxq K¼vj DËi : N
M ivB‡ev‡mvg N MjwMewW
e¨vL¨v : MjwMewW- jvB‡mv‡mvg ˆZwiK‡i|
18. AšÍ:‡Kvlxq cwicv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i †Kvb A½vYy?
K ivB‡ev‡mvg L jvB‡mv‡mvg DËi : L
M cøvwmW N gvB‡UvKwÛªqv
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡mv‡mvg AšÍ:‡Kvlxq cwicv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i|
19. G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡gi Ask bq †KvbwU?
K wm÷vwb© L f¨vKyIj DËi : L
M wUDweDj N ‡fwmKj
e¨vL¨v : wm÷vwb©, †fwmKj, wUDweDj- G‡ÛvcøvRwgK †iwUKzjv‡gi †fŠZ MVb|
20. gvB‡UvKwÛªqv bvgKiY K‡ib †Kvb weÁvbx?
K ‡eÛv L ûK DËi : K
M Aëg¨vb N w¯§_
e¨vL¨v : Kvj© †eÛv- gvB‡UvKwÛªqv bvgKiY K‡ib|
21. gvB‡UvKwÛªqvi ﮋ IR‡bi KZ fvM †cÖvwUb?
K 29% L 65% DËi : L
M 60% N 35%
e¨vL¨v : Mitochondria Gi ﮋ IR‡bi 65% Protein, 29% Glycerids, 8% Lecithin & Cephalin, 2% Cholesterol|
22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z cøvw÷W †bB?
K Avg MvQ L Nvm DËi : M
M bxjvf meyR ˆkevj N cvZv †kIjv
e¨vL¨v : e¨vK‡Uwiqv, bxjvf-meyR ˆkevj, QÎvK, cÖvYx‡Kv‡l-cøvw÷W †bB|
23. ‡Kvb Dw™¢‡` †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i ˆewPΨ †ewk?
K QÎvK L e¨vK‡Uwiqv DËi : M
M ‰kevj N jvB‡Kb
e¨vL¨v : ‰kev‡j †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i ˆewPΨ †ewk|
24. AvswU AvK…wZi †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ _v‡K †KvbwU‡Z?
K Ulothrix L Spirogyra DËi : K
M Zygnema N Pithophora
e¨vL¨v : Ulothrix- AvswU AvK…wZ, Spirogyra-mwc©jvKvi, Zygnema- ZviKvKvi, Pithophora- †MvjvKvi| wc‡V †Mvj †duvov Pithophora|
4 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
ZviKv¸‡jv Zigzag K‡i
↓ ↓
ZviKvKvi Zygnema
Spiral gv‡b mwc©jvKvi
Spirogyra → mwc©jvKvi|
25. MøvB‡Kvwmj wMømvivBW †KvbwU‡Z cvIqv hvq?
K jvB‡mv‡Rvg L ‡K¬v‡ivcøv÷ DËi : L
M ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg N MjwMewW
e¨vL¨v : ‡K¬v‡ivcøv÷ †gg‡eª‡b dm‡dvwjwcW Gi cwie‡Z© MøvB‡Kvwmj wMømvivBW _v‡K|
26. ïµvYyi †jR ˆZwi K‡i †KvbwU?
K jvB‡mv‡mvg L cøvw÷W DËi : N
M MjwRewW N ‡mw›UªIj
e¨vL¨v : ‡mw›UªIj ïµvYyi †jR, wmwjqv, d¬¨v‡Rjv ˆZwi K‡i|
27. cviAw·‡mv‡gi cÖavb GbRvBg †KvbwU?
K Lyase L Ligase DËi : N
M Hydrolase N Catalase
e¨vL¨v : Catalase -cviAw·‡mv‡gi cÖavb GbRvBg| GwU H2O2 †K †f‡½ H2O Drcbœ K‡i|
28. ‡Kv‡li mKj wµqv-wewµqv wbqš¿Y K‡i †KvbwU?
K Chromosome L Nucleus DËi : L
M Ribosome N Cell membrane
e¨vL¨v : wbDwK¬qvm- †Kv‡li mKj wµqv wewµqvi wbqš¿K|
29. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wm‡bvmvBU bq?
K Penicillium L Vaucheria DËi : N
M Botrydium N Diatome
e¨vL¨v : wm‡bvmvBU n‡jv: Vaucheria, Botrydium, Sphaeroplea, penicillium
eû (Botrydium) kqZvb (Sphaeroplea) f‡q (vaucheria) cwj‡q‡Q (Penicillium)
30. AvOz‡ii †_vKvi gZ K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU wµ÷vj‡K wK e‡j?
K i¨vdvBW L wm‡÷vwj_ DËi : L
M wcM‡g›U N A‡Uvwj_
e¨vL¨v : AvOz‡ii †_vKvi gZ K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU wµ÷vj‡K wm‡÷vwj_ e‡j|
31. me©cÖ_g gvby‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v cÖKvk K‡ib †KvbweÁvbx?
K Hooke L Karl Nageli DËi : N
M Boveri N Theophilus
e¨vL¨v : Theophilus painter cÖ_g gvby‡li †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
32. wMwbwcM G †µv‡gv‡mvg msL¨v KZ?
K 60wU L 70wU DËi : M
M 64wU N 14wU
e¨vL¨v : wMwbwcM = 64wU, Miæ = 60 wU, gvbyl = 46 wU, Li‡Mvk = 44wU|
33. †Kvl¯’ eR©¨ c`v‡_©i gv‡S cÖavb LwbR wµ÷vj †KvbwU?
K K¨vjwmqvg A·v‡jU L K¨vjwmqvg Kve©‡bU DËi : K
M K¨vjwmqvg dm‡dU N K¨vjwmqvg mvj‡dU
e¨vL¨v : †Kvl¯’ eR©¨ c`v‡_©i gv‡S D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jvÑ †iwRb, U¨vwbb, Mvg, j¨v‡U·, A¨vjKvj‡qW, AM©vwbK GwmW, DØvqx‡Zj, LwbR
wµ÷vj| cÖavb LwbR wµ÷vj K¨vjwmqvg A·v‡jU|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 5
34. gvby‡li Riv †iv‡a KvR K‡i †Kb GbRvBg?
K Gwcgv‡iR L ‡U‡jvgv‡iR DËi : L
M ‡cÖvwU‡qR N AvB‡mvgv‡iR
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li Riv †iv‡a †U‡jvgv‡iR GbRvBg KvR K‡i|
35. wb‡Pi †KvbwU g‡bv‡mvwgK Dw™¢`?
K KjvMvQ L ‡NUKPz DËi : L
M jvDMvQ N SvDMvQ
e¨vL¨v : ‡NUKPz-g‡bv‡mvwgK Dw™¢`|
36. gvby‡li †Kvb †µv‡gv‡mvg A¨v‡µv‡mw›UªK?
K 15 L 16 DËi : K
M 10 N 11
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li 13, 14, 15, 21, 22 Ges Y †µv‡gv‡Rvg A¨v‡µv‡mw›UªK|
37. ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡g †Kvb †cÖvwUb _v‡K?
K wn‡÷vb L †cÖvjvwgb DËi : K
M ‡MøvweDwjb N †cÖvUvwgb
e¨vL¨v : ‡µv‡gv‡Rv‡g wn‡÷vb †cÖvwUb _v‡K| ïµvYyi †µv‡gv‡mv‡g †cÖvUvwgb cvIqv hvq|
38. RNA Gi cwigvY †Kv_vq †ewk?
K Cytoplasm L Nucleus DËi : K
M Mitochondria N Ribosome
e¨vL¨v : Cytoplasm G RNA 90% & Nucleus G RNA 10% থােক।
39. Master Molecule ejv nq †KvbwU‡K?
K wRb L ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg DËi : M
M wbDwK¬K GwmW N wWGbG
e¨vL¨v : wbDwK¬K GwmW- Master Molecule; eskMwZi aviK I evnK- DNA
40. Ô‡K¬vfviwjd g‡WjÕ †Kvb RNA Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©h³ y ?
K g RNA L r RNA DËi : M
M t RNA N m RNA
e¨vL¨v : Ô‡K¬vfviwjd g‡WjÕ RNA Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©h³ y |
41. DNA Replication cÖwµqvq nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÜb fv‡O †Kvb GbRvBg?
K †nwj‡KR L MvB‡iR DËi : K
M SSBP N jvB‡MR
e¨vL¨v : ‡nwj‡KR- nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÜb fv‡O jvB‡MR - IKvRvwK LÛ hy³ K‡i| g‡b ivL‡e jvB‡MR †Rvov jvMvq|
42. DNA ‡Z ¯’vqx cwieZ©b N‡U †Kvb cÖwµqvq?
K †iwcø‡Kkb L wgD‡Ukb DËi : L
M UªvÝwµckb N Uªv݇jkb
e¨vL¨v : wgD‡Ukb Gi d‡j wWGbG Gi MV‡b ¯’vqx cwieZ©b N‡U|
43. ‡ccUvBW eÜbx m„wó‡Z weNœ NUvq †Kvb Gw›Uev‡qvwUK?
K †K¬v‡ivgvBwmb L wbIgvBwmb DËi : K
M ‡UUªvmvBwK¬b N Gwi‡_ªvgvBwmb
e¨vL¨v : ‡K¬v‡ivgvBwmb- ‡ccUvBW eÜb m„wó‡Z weNœ NUvq|
‡UUªvmvBwK¬b- ivB‡ev‡mv‡g RNA mshyw³ ch©v‡q weNœ NUvq|
6 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
44. K…wÎg wRb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †Kvb weÁvbx?
K Hooke L Swanson DËi : M
M Har Gobinda Khorana N Morgan
e¨vL¨v : Har Gobinda Khorana- K…wÎg wRb Avwe®‹viK|
45. wRbKv‡h©i GKK wK?
K †iKb L wmmUªb DËi : L
M wgDUb N ‡iwcøKb
e¨vL¨v : wRbKv‡h©i GKK-wmmUªb; wRb wiKw¤^‡bk‡bi GKK- †iKb| Recombination → †iKb|
46. Wª‡mvwdjv gvwQi †Pv‡Li iO KqwU wRb Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq?
K 30 L 40 DËi : M
M 20 N 25
e¨vL¨v : 20wU wRb Øviv Wª‡mvwdjv gvwQi †Pv‡Li iO wbqwš¿Z nq|
47. Ôf¨vwjbÕ A¨vwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi Rb¨ KqwU †KvWb Av‡Q?
K5 L2 DËi : M
M4 N6
e¨vL¨v : jvBwmb Gi Rb¨ 2wU, f¨vwjb Gi Rb¨ 4wU, AviwRwbb Gi Rb¨ 6wU †KvWb _v‡K|
48. eskMwZi ivmvqwbK wfwË †KvbwU?
K DNA L wR‡bvg DËi : K
M wRb N ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg
e¨vL¨v : eskMwZi †fŠZwfwË- †µv‡gv‡Rvg & eskMwZi ivmvqwbK wfwË- DNA ।
49. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ÷vU© †KvWb?
K UAA L UAG DËi : N
M UGA N AUG
e¨vL¨v : ÷vU© †KvWb -AUG
÷c †KvWb- UAA, UAG, UGA. g‡b ivL‡e- U ARE AWAY-UAA; U ARE GONE-UAG; U GONE AWAY-UGA.
50. Rxe‡bi fvlv †KvbwU?
K †µv‡gv‡mvg L †cÖvwUb DËi : L
M wRb N ivB‡ev‡mvg
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖvwUb‡K Rxe‡bi fvlv (Language of life) ejv nq|
51. K¨vÝv‡ii Rb¨ `vqx wRb †KvbwU?
K UªvÝwRb L wmD‡WvwRb DËi : M
M Ab‡KvwRb N ‡KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : K¨vÝvi m„wóKvix wRb Ab‡KvwRb| GK †Kvl †_‡K Ab¨ †Kv‡l K…wÎgfv‡e cÖwZ¯’vwcZ wRb- UªvÝwRb|
52. Avw`‡Kv‡l wRb cÖKv‡ki GKK †KvbwU?
K A‡cib L ‡iKb DËi : K
M wmmUªb N wgDUb
e¨vL¨v : A‡cib Avw`‡Kv‡l wRb cÖKv‡ki GKK| Mutatior Gi GKK wgDUb|
53. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †R‡bwUK †Kv‡Wi ˆewkó¨ bq?
K mve©Rbxb L wUªc‡jU DËi : N
M weivgnxb N ïiæ I mgvwß †KvWb mywbw`©ó bq
e¨vL¨v : GKwU †KvWb KL‡bv GKvwaK A¨vwg‡bv A¨vwmW‡K †KvW K‡i bv| ïiæ I mgvwß †KvWb mywbw`©ó|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 7
54. ‡R‡bwUK †KvW KqwU wUªc‡jU wb‡q MwVZ?
K 61 L 60 DËi : N
M3 N 64
e¨vL¨v : ‡R‡bwUK †Kv‡W 64 wUªc‡jU Av‡Q|
55. Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l †K¬v‡ivcøv‡÷i mvaviY AvK…wZ †Kgb?
K ejqvKvi L mwc©jvKvi DËi : M
M ‡jÝAvK…wZ N †MvjvKvi
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l mvaviYZ †jÝ AvK…wZi †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ cvIqv hvq|
56. gvB‡UvKwÛªqvi cÖavb KvR wK?
K †Kvl Pµ wbqš¿Y Kiv L ‡cÖvwUb ˆZwi DËi : M
M kw³ Drcv`b N d¨vUwecvK
e¨vL¨v : gvB‡UvKwÛªqvi cÖavb KvR kw³ Drcv`b Kiv|
57. j¨v‡±vR A‡ci‡b MvVwbK wRb KqwU?
K6 L5 DËi : N
M4 N3
e¨vL¨v : j¨v‡±vR A‡ci‡bi MvVwbK wRb 3wU; wUª‡Þvd¨vb A‡ci‡bi MvVwbK wRb 5wU|
58. ïµvYyi KZfvM wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K?
K 70% L 80% DËi : M
M 90% N 100%
e¨vL¨v : ïµvYyi 90% wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K|
59. K¨vwiIwjç ejv nq †KvbwU‡K?
K wbDwK¬qvm L ivB‡ev‡mvg DËi : N
M ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg N wbDwK¬IcøvRg
e¨vL¨v : wbDwK¬IcøvRg‡K K¨vwiIwjçI ejv nq|
60. †Qvjvi KZ bs Chromosome G satellite _v‡K?
K1 L4 DËi : K
M5 N7
e¨vL¨v : †Qvjvi 1bs Chromosome G Satellite _v‡K|
8 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ

wØZxq Aa¨vq
†Kvl wefvRb
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
(**) gvB‡Uvwmm
(***) wg‡qvwmm
(**) †KvlPµ I B›Uvi‡dR
(***) gvB‡Uvwmm I wg‡qvwm‡mi ¸iæZ¡

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. ‡Kvb weÁvbx cÖ_g †Kvl wefvRb jÿ¨ K‡ib?
K Hooke L Altman DËi : M
M Flemming N Fontana
e¨vL¨v : Walter Flemming cÖ_g m¨vjvgvÛvi †Kv‡l †KvlwefvRb jÿ¨ K‡ib|
2. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †Kvl wefvRb c×wZ bq?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : M
M Miosis N Meiosis
e¨vL¨v : mwVK spelling- Meiosis.
3. gvby‡li Unique †µv‡gv‡mvg KqwU?
K 46wU L 23wU DËi : L
M 44wU N 2wU
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li Unique †µv‡gv‡mvg 23wU| me©‡gvU †µv‡gv‡mvg 23 †Rvov/46wU|
4. cÖZ¨ÿ †KvlwefvRb †KvbwU?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : K
M Meiosis N None
e¨vL¨v : A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm‡K cÖZ¨ÿ †KvlwefvRb ejv nq|
5. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm †KvlwefvRb N‡U?
K gvbyl L C÷ DËi : L
M QÎvK N Dw™¢‡`i KvÐ
e¨vL¨v : A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm N‡U- C÷, A¨vwgevq| BAY → B †Z Bacteria, A †Z Amoeba, Y †Z Yeast.
6. wØ-fvRb c×wZ †KvbwU‡Z †`Lv hvq?
K Bacteria L Virus DËi : K
M Fungi N Human
e¨vL¨v : e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z wØ-fvRb c×wZ N‡U|
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mgxKiwYK †KvlwefvRb c×wZ?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : L
M Meiosis N None
e¨vL¨v : gvB‡Uvwmm‡K Equational cell division ejv nq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 9
8. mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb‡K wK e‡j?
K K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm L mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm DËi : L
M mvB‡Uv‡R‡bwmm N mvB‡Uvwmm
e¨vL¨v : wbDwK¬qv‡mi wefvRb- K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm & mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wefvRb- mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm| K¨vwiI gv‡b wbDwK¬qvm|
9. gvvB‡Uvwmm bvgKiY K‡ib †Kvb weÁvbx?
K køvBLvi L Iqvëvi †d¬wgs DËi : L
M ûK N †mvqvbmb
e¨vL¨v : K¨vwiIKvB‡bwmm cÖ_g †`‡Lb- køvBLvi; gvB‡Uvwmm bvgKiY K‡ib- Iqvëvi †d¬wgs|
10. Rbbv‡½i e„w× I MV‡b †Kvb wefvRb `vqx?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : L
M Meiosis N None
e¨vL¨v : Rbbv‡½i MVb I e„w×- gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvi dj|
11. gvB‡Uvwmm †Kv_vq N‡U bv?
K Kv‡Ûi kxl© L g~‡ji kxl© DËi : N
M K¨vw¤^qvg N Rbb‡Kv‡li DrcwË
e¨vL¨v : KvÛ, g~‡ji kx‡l©, K¨vw¤^qv‡g gvB‡Uvwmm N‡U| Kv‡kg I Rq e` → K-‡Z KvÐ, k-‡Z kxl©, g-‡Z g~j, `-‡Z ˆ`wnK e„w×;
RbM‡Yi MVb I e„w×|
12. †Kvl P‡µi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib †Kvb weÁvbx?
K nvIqvW© L ‡cé DËi : M
MK + L N køvBLvi
e¨vL¨v : nvIqvW© I †cé- †KvlP‡µi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib|
13. cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³i †`‡n KZ wUªwjqb †Kvl _v‡K?
K 10 L 20 DËi : N
M 120 N 100 wUªwjqb
e¨vL¨v : GKRb cÖvßeq¯‹ e¨w³i †`‡n 100 wUªwjqb (1014) †Kvl _v‡K|
14. †Kvl P‡µi cÖavb avc KqwU?
K1 L2 DËi : L
M3 N 4wU
e¨vL¨v : ‡KvlP‡µi avc 2wU- M- phase/Mitosis & Interphase.
15. ‡Kvl P‡µi cÖ¯w‘ Z c‡e©i mgq KZ fvM?
K 5-10% L 90-95% DËi : L
M 10-20% N 60-70%
e¨vL¨v : gvB‡Uvwmm `kv- 5-10% & B›Uvi‡dR `kv- 90-95%|
16. ‡Kvb A½ ‘Erythropoietin’ ˆZwi K‡i-
K Bone Marrow L Kidney DËi : L
M Liver N Lung
e¨vL¨v : wKWwb‡Z Erythropoietin ˆZwi nq| GwU Erythropoiesis Z_v Erythrocyte Drc‡bœ mvnvh¨ K‡i|
17. S `kv‡Z †KvbwU N‡U?
K DNA Abywjcb L gvB‡µvwUDwjDj MVbKvix c`v‡_©i ms‡kølY nq DËi : K
M wgD‡Ukb N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : S `kv‡Z DNAAbywjcb nq| S → Synthesis gv‡b DNA Synthesis ev AYywjcb N‡U|
10 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
18. wn‡÷vb †cÖvwUb ˆZwi nq †Kvb `kvq?
K G1 LS DËi : L
M G2 N Interphase
e¨vL¨v : S `kvq DNAAbywjcb I wn‡÷vb †cÖvwUb ˆZwi nq|
19. G2 `kv †_‡K gvB‡Uvwm‡m cÖ‡e‡k †Kvb †cÖvwUb mvnvh¨ K‡i?
K wn‡÷vb L ‡cÖvUvwgb DËi : M
M MPF N †cÖvjvwgb
e¨vL¨v : MPF= Maturation Promoting Factor
20. gvby‡li †Kv‡l KZ cÖKvi mvBwK¬b _v‡K?
K1 L2 DËi : N
M3 N4
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li †Kv‡l 4 cÖKvi mvBwK¬b _v‡K| mvBwK¬b-D, mvBwK¬b-E, mvBwK¬b - A, mvBwK¬b - B|
21. ‡KvlwefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ ˆZwi nq †Kvb av‡c?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡gUv‡dR DËi : M
M B›Uvi‡dR N A¨vbv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : B›Uvi‡dR av‡c †KvlwefvR‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq kw³ (ATP) ˆZwi nq|
22. gvB‡Uvwm‡mi me‡P‡q `xN©¯’vqx ch©vq †KvbwU?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡gUv‡dR DËi : K
M A¨vbv‡dR N †U‡jv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv‡dR gvB‡Uvwm‡mi me‡P‡q `xN©¯v’ qx avc|
23. w¯úÛjZš‘ m„wói m~Pbv N‡U †Kvb ch©v‡q?
K †cÖv-‡gUv‡dR L ‡cÖv‡dR DËi : L
M A¨vbv‡dR N †U‡jv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv‡dR av‡cB w¯úÛjZš‘ m„wói m~Pbv N‡U|
24. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯^í¯’vqx avc?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR DËi : L
M ‡gUv‡dR N ‡U‡jv‡dR

e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR gvB‡Uvwm‡mi ¯^í ¯’vqx avc|

25. w¯úÛj h‡š¿i `yB‡giæi ga¨eZ©x AÂj‡K wK e‡j?
K BKz‡qUi L ‡K›`ª DËi : K
M AvšÍ:¯’vb N †giæ AÂj
e¨vL¨v : w¯úÛj h‡š¿i `y †giæi ga¨eZ©x A‡ji bvg-BKz‡qUi/welyexq AÂj|
26. ‡µv‡gv‡mvgxq b„Z¨ †`Lv hvq †Kvb `kvq?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR DËi : L
M ‡gUv‡dR N †U‡jv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR av‡c †µv‡gv‡mvgvj b„Z¨ †`Lv hvq|
27. w¯úÛjdvBevi †m‡›Uªvwgqv‡ii KvB‡b‡Uv‡Kv‡ii †Kv_vq hy³ nq?
K ms‡e`x †cÖvwU‡b L ‡K‡›`ª DËi : M
M gUi †cÖvwU‡b N Satellite G
e¨vL¨v : w¯úÛjdvBevi †m‡›Uªvwgqv‡ii KvB‡b‡Uv‡Kv‡ii gUi †cÖvwU‡b hy³ nq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 11
28. ‡gUvKvB‡bwmm nq †Kvb av‡c?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡cÖv-‡gUv‡dR DËi : M
M ‡gUv‡dR N ‡U‡jv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : ‡gUv‡dR av‡c †gUvKvB‡bwmm nq| †gUv → †gUv‡dR, †gUv → †gUbKvB‡bwmm|
29. ‡µv‡gv‡Rvg¸‡jv me©vwaK Lv‡Uv I †gvUv nq †Kvb av‡c?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡gUv‡dR DËi : L
M A¨vbv‡dR N ‡U‡jv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : ‡gUv‡dR av‡c †µv‡gv‡mvg me©vwaK Lv‡Uv I †gvUv nq| †gUv †Z †gvUv g‡b ivL‡e|
30. ‡gUv‡dR av‡c †KvbwU N‡U bv?
K mycviK‡qwjs L K‡Ûb‡mkb DËi : N
M ‡gUvKvB‡bwmm N ‡gUvgi‡dvwmm
e¨vL¨v : ‡gUv‡dR av‡c N‡U- 1. K‡Ûb‡mkb, 2. mycviK‡qwjs, 3. †gUvKvB‡bwmm|
31. ‡m‡›Uªvwgqvi m¤ú~Y© wef³ nq †Kvb av‡c?
K †cÖv‡dR L ‡gUv‡dR DËi : L
M A¨vbv‡dR N ‡U‡jv‡dR
e¨vL¨v : ‡gUv‡dR av‡ci †k‡li w`‡K †m‡›Uªvwgqvi m¤ú~Y© wef³ nq|
32. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MwZ ch©vq?
K Prophase L Metaphase DËi : M
M Anaphase N Telophase
e¨vL¨v : Anaphase Gi Ana= MwZ, phase = ch©vq|
33. A¨v‡µv‡mw›UªK †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi AvK…wZ †Kgb?
KV LL DËi : M
MJ NI
e¨vL¨v : ‡gUv‡mw›UªK = V, A¨v‡µv‡mw›UªK = J, mve †gUv‡mw›UªK = L, †U‡jv‡mw›UªK = I
34. wbDwK¬Ijv‡mi cyb:Avwef©ve N‡U †Kvb av‡c?
K Prophase L Metaphase DËi : N
M Anaphase N Telophase
e¨vL¨v : Telophase av‡c wbDwK¬qvi †gg‡eªb I wbDwK¬Ijv‡mi cyb:Avwef©ve N‡U|
35. ‡Kvl †cøU ˆZwi nq †Kvb ai‡bi †Kv‡l?
K cÖvYx‡Kvl L Dw™¢`‡Kvl DËi : L
M ‡cÖvK¨vwiIUv N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢`‡Kv‡l mvB‡UvKvB‡bwmm Gi mgq †Kvl †cøU ˆZwi nq|
36. gy³ wbDwK¬qvi wefvR‡bi D`vniY †KvbwU?
K køK L Wv‡ei cvwb DËi : L
M AvZv N ivBR‡qW
e¨vL¨v : Wv‡ei cvwb- Free nuclear division Gi D`vniY|
37. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvYx‡Kv‡li mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³?
K wm‡bvmvBwUK L cøvR‡gvwWqvg DËi : L
M ‡KvlcÖvPxi N †Kvl‡cøU
e¨vL¨v : eû wbDwK¬qvmhy³ cÖvYx‡Kvl‡K cøvR‡gvwWqvg e‡j| cÖ-†Z cÖvYx, c-‡Z cøvR‡gvwWqvg|
12 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
38. ‡KvlwSjøxi LuvR m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †Kvb †cÖvwUb?
K Actin L Protamin DËi : K
M Histone N Prolamin
e¨vL¨v : Actin, Myosin- †KvlwSjøxi LuvR m„wó‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
39. Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi dmj †KvbwU?
K wUDgvi L eske„w× DËi : K
M ˆ`wnK MVb N †`n †Kvl
e¨vL¨v : wUDgvi, K¨vÝvi- Awbqwš¿Z gvB‡Uvwm‡mi dmj|
40. Rbb †Kv‡li msL¨v e„wׇZ †Kvb wefvRb `vqx?
K gvB‡Uvwmm L wg‡qvwmm DËi : K
M A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm N None
e¨vL¨v : Rbbv½ m„wó, Rbb †Kv‡li msL¨ve„w×- gvB‡Uvwmm Gi KvR|
41. ‡KvbwU †R‡bwUK¨vwj wbqwš¿Z g„Zz¨?
K Apoptosis L Necrosis DËi : K
M Death N Necroptosis
e¨vL¨v : Apoptosis- ‡R‡bwUK¨vwj wbqwš¿Z g„Zz¨ & Necrosis- welv³ `ª‡e¨i Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨|
42. wg‡qvwmm wefvR‡b KqwU AcZ¨‡Kvl ˆZwi nq?
K2 L 4 DËi : L
M6 N8
e¨vL¨v : wg‡qvwmm wefvR‡b PviwU AcZ¨‡Kvl ˆZwi nq|
43. Reductional cell division †KvbwU?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : M
M Meiosis N None
e¨vL¨v : wg‡qvwmm‡K n«vmg~jK †KvlwefvRb ejv nq|
44. †MvjK…wgi Rbbv‡½ cÖ_g †KvlwefvRb jÿ¨ K‡ib †K?
K Farmer L Houser DËi : M
M Boveri N None
e¨vL¨v : Boveri- me©cÖ_g †MvjK…wgi (Round worm) Rbbv‡½ wg‡qvwmm jÿ¨ K‡ib|
45. Rxemg~‡ni g‡a¨ ˆewPΨ m„wói GKwU cÖavb Dcvq †KvbwU?
K gv‡qvwmm L A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm DËi : K
M gvB‡Uvwmm N wØfvRb
e¨vL¨v : gv‡qvwmm †Kvl wefvRb n‡jv Rxemg~‡ni g‡a¨ ˆewPΨ m„wói GKwU cÖavb Dcvq|
46. wg‡qvwm‡m wbDwK¬qvm I †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi wefvR‡bi AbycvZ KZ?
K 1:2 L 2:1 DËi : L
M 2:3 N 3:2
e¨vL¨v : wg‡qvwm‡m wbDwK¬qvm 2 evi, †µv‡gv‡mvg 1 evi wefvwRZ nq|
47. ‡cÖv‡dR-1 Gi Dcch©vq KqwU?
K2 L3 DËi : M
M5 N 10
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv‡dR-1 G 5wU Dcch©vq i‡q‡Q - †j‡ÞvwUb, RvB‡MvwUb, c¨vKvBwUb, wW‡cøvwUb, WvqvKvB‡bwmm|
wjRvi cu¨vPv †WW| wjRvi gv‡b †j‡ÞvwUj/RvB‡MvwUb; cu¨vPv gv‡b c¨vKvBwUb; †WW gv‡b wW‡cøvwUb/WvqvKvB‡bwmm|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 13
48. ÔRx‡ei g‡a¨ ˆewPÎ¨Õ †Kvb wefvR‡bi Ae`vb?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : M
M Meiosis N None
e¨vL¨v : wg‡qvwm‡m wRb wewbgq N‡U- d‡j Rxe ˆewPΨ m„wó nq|
49. ‡µv‡gv‡mv‡gi †cvjvivBRW web¨vm N‡U †Kvb Dcch©v‡q?
K †j‡ÞvwUb L RvB‡MvwUb DËi : K
M c¨vKvBwUb N WvqvKvB‡bwmm
e¨vL¨v : †j‡ÞvwUb Dcch©v‡q †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi †cvjvivBRW web¨vm N‡U|
50. evB‡f‡j›U †`Lv hvq †Kvb Dcch©v‡q?
K †j‡ÞvwUb L RvB‡MvwUb DËi : L
M c¨vKvBwUb N WvqvKvB‡bwmm
e¨vL¨v : RvB‡MvwUb av‡c- evB‡ভ‡j›U †`Lv hvq, wmb¨vcwmm N‡U|
51. µwmsIfvi N‡U †Kvb Dcav‡c?
K †j‡ÞvwUb L RvB‡MvwUb DËi : M
M c¨vKvBwUb N WvqvKvBb‡mwm
e¨vL¨v : c¨vKvBwUb av‡c- †UUªvW nq, µwmsIfvi nq, KvqvRgv m„wó nq|
52. cÖvšÍxqKiY I jy‡ci m„wó nq †Kvb Dcav‡c?
K †j‡ÞvwUb L RvB‡MvwUb DËi : M
M wW‡cøvwUb N WvqvKvBb‡mwm
e¨vL¨v : wW‡cøvwUb Dcav‡c cÖvšÍxqKiY I jy‡ci m„wó nq|
53. wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvB‡Uvwm‡mi Abyiƒc?
K Amitosis L Meiosis-1 DËi : M
M Meiosis-2 N Interphase
e¨vL¨v : wg‡qvwmm-2 wefvRb gvB‡Uvwm‡mi Abyiƒc|
54. Rbb †Kvl ˆZwi †Kvb wefvR‡bi dmj?
K Amitosis L Mitosis DËi : M
M Meiosis N None
e¨vL¨v : Rbb‡Kvl (ïµvYy, wW¤^vYy) - wg‡qvwmm wefvR‡b ˆZwi nq| wKš‘ Rbb‡Kv‡li msL¨v e„w× N‡U gvB‡Uvwm‡mi gva¨‡g|
55. ‡cuqvR g~‡j KZ¸‡jv †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K?
K 16wU L 8wU DËi : K
M 9wU N 14wU
e¨vL¨v : ‡cuqv‡Ri g~‡j 16wU †µv‡gv‡Rvg _v‡K|
56. ‡Kvb †cÖvwUb defective n‡j †Kvl Pµ wbqš¿Y nvwi‡q †d‡j?
KP
32
LP
53
DËi : L
21 131
MP NP
e¨vL¨v : P ‡cÖvwUb defective n‡j †KvlPµ Awbqwš¿Z n‡q hvq|
53

57. ‡µv‡gvwgqvi `„wó‡MvPi nq †Kvb av‡c?

K †j‡ÞvwUb L RvB‡MvwUb DËi : K
M c¨vKvBwUb N WvqvKvBb‡mwm
e¨vL¨v : Prophase-1 Gi †j‡ÞvwUb Dcav‡c †µv‡gvwgqvi †`Lv hvq|
14 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
58. Rx‡ei Awfe¨w³‡Z †Kvb wefvRb m¤úwK©Z?
K Mitosis L Meiosis DËi : L
M Amitosis N None
e¨vL¨v : gv‡qvwmm Av‡b ˆewPΨ| Avi ˆewPΨ Av‡b Awfe¨w³i aviv I cÖevn|
59. gvB‡UvwmmiZ †Kvl msL¨v Ges †gvUv †Kvl msL¨vi AbycvZ‡K e‡jÑ
K gvB‡UvwUK BKz‡qkb L µwmsIfvi DËi : M
M gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W· N gvB‡UvwUK dg©yjv
e¨vL¨v : gvB‡UvwmmiZ †Kvl msL¨v Ges †gvUv †Kvl msL¨vi AbycvZ‡K gvB‡UvwUK Bb‡W· e‡j|
60. wUDgvi †`‡ni wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Qwo‡q cov‡K wK e‡j?
K Mutation L Conjugation DËi : M
M Metastasis N Maturation
e¨vL¨v : Metastasis cÖwµqvq wUDgvi Qwo‡q c‡o|
61. µwms Ifvi m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g aviYv †K †`b?
K Walter Flemming L Thomas H. Morgan DËi : L
M Boveri N Farmer
e¨vL¨v : Thomas H. Morgan f‚Æv Dw™¢‡` cÖ_g µwms Ifvi m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 15

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
†Kvl imvqb

†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
†gwW‡Kj GWwgk‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb mv‡Rkb nq bv, Gic‡iI wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv †_‡K †ewk cÖkœ G‡m‡Q AZx‡Z †h¸‡jv Avgiv we‡kølY
K‡iwQ|ZvB eyw×gvb †Q‡j‡g‡q hviv PvÝ cvIqvi †`Š‡o GwM‡q _vK‡Z PvI Zviv GB wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv Av‡M fv‡jvg‡Zv Abykxjb Ki‡e|
Zvici evwK Ask †`L‡e|
5*UwcK
Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡Ui †kÖYxwefvM (D`vniY¸‡jv), Møy‡KvR, d«z‡±vR, my‡µvR, ÷vP©, ‡mjy‡jvR, MøvB‡Kv‡R‡bi ˆewkó¨, A¨vwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi ˆewkó¨ I
†kÖYxwefvM, †cÖvwU‡bi ˆewkó¨ I †kÖYxwefvM (mij, hyM¥ I D™¢~Z †cÖvwUb), wjwc‡Wi ˆewkó¨ I †kÖYxwefvM, GbRvB‡gi ˆewkó¨ I D`vniY|

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. Rxe‡bi AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb KqwU?
K 90wU L 60wU DËi : M
M 92wU N 65wU
e¨vL¨v : AZ¨vek¨Kxq Gwj‡g›U 92wU|
2. d¨vwU GwmW I A¨vwg‡bv GwmW wecv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i †KvbwU?
K wjwcW L Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU DËi : L
M †cÖvwUb N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU d¨vwU GwmW I A¨vwg‡bv GwmW wecv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i|
3. æChemical bond” mvaviYZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : ivmvqwbK eÜb mvaviY 3 cÖKvi- Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen bond|
4. `ywU A¨vwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi ga¨Kvi eÛ †KvbwU?
K †ccUvBW eÛ L nvB‡Wªv‡Rb eÛ DËi : K
M AvqwbK eÛ N mwbœwe‡k eÛ
e¨vL¨v : `ywU A¨vwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi ga¨Kvi eÜb- †ccUvBW eÛ|
5. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Carbonyl Functional Group?
K –NH2 L –COOH DËi : M
M –C=O N –OH
e¨vL¨v : A¨vwg‡bvMÖæc : –NH2
Kve©w·j MÖæc :–COOH
Hydroxyl MÖæc :–OH
6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU ˆRe AYy bq?
K wjwcW L ‡cÖvwUb DËi : N
M K‡e©vnvB‡WªU N mvjwdDwiK GwmW
e¨vL¨v : ‰Re AYy : Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU, wjwcW, †cÖvwUb,wbDwK¬K GwmW|
16 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
7. Kv‡e©vnvB‡Wª‡U mvaviYZ Kve©b : nvB‡Wªv‡Rb : Aw·‡Rb KZ?
K 2:1:1 L 1:2:1 DËi : L
M 3:1:3 N 1:2:2
e¨vL¨v : Carbohydrate G mvaviYZ C : H : O = 1 : 2 : 1 nq| Z‡e Gi e¨wZµgI i‡q‡Q| †hgb : my‡µvR|
8. wPwbi ms‡KZ †KvbwU?
K C6H12O6 L C12H22O11 DËi : L
M C24H44O22 N C4H8O3
e¨vL¨v : wPwb/my‡µvR Gi ms‡KZ C12H22O11
9. Dw™¢‡`i ïK‡bv IR‡bi KZ fvM Carbohydrate?
K 50-80% L 20-30% DËi : K
M 90-80% N 60-70%
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢‡`i ïK‡bv IR‡bi 50-80% Carbohydrate.
10. Dw™¢‡`i mv‡cvwU©s wUmy¨i MvVwbK Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
K wjwcW L ‡cÖvwUb DËi : M
M Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU N cvwb
e¨vL¨v : Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU-Dw™¢‡`i mv‡cvwU©s wUmy¨i MvVwbK Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
11. nv‡oi mwܯ’‡j jyweª‡K›U wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †KvbwU?
K K‡e©vnvB‡WªU L wjwcW DËi : K
M ‡cÖvwUb N wbDwK¬K GwmW
e¨vL¨v : Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU nv‡oi mwܯ’‡j jyweª‡K›U wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
12. ivmvqwbK MVb AYyi wfwˇZ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : M
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : ivmvqwbK MVb AYyi wfwˇZ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU 4 cÖKvi| ¯^v‡`i wfwˇZ 2 cÖKvi|
13. †KvbwU ï¨Mvi bq?
K Møy‡KvR L myK‡ivR DËi : N
M d«zK‡UvR N ÷vP©
e¨vL¨v : ï¨Mvi: Møy‡KvR, myK‡ivR, d«z‡±vR| bb ï¨Mvi- ÷vP©, †mjy‡jvR, MøvB‡Kv‡Rb|
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Uªv‡qvR?
K Møy‡KvR L ivB‡evR DËi : M
M wMømvi¨vwìnvBW N dm‡dU
e¨vL¨v : Uªv‡qvR- wMømvi¨vwìnvBW, WvBnvB‡Wªvw· Gwm‡Uvb|
15. ‡KvbwU †c‡›UvR ï¨Mvi bq?
K RvB‡jvR L ivB‡evR DËi : M
M Møy‡KvR N A¨vivwe‡bvR
e¨vL¨v : Møy‡KvR-‡n‡·vR ï¨Mvi| RvB‡jvR, ivB‡evR, A¨vivwe‡bvR- †c‡›UvRï¨Mvi|
16. wW-Aw·ivB‡evR ï¨Mv‡ii KZ bs Kve©‡b Aw·‡Rb †bB?
K1 L2 DËi : L
M3 N4
e¨vL¨v : Deoxy-ribose sugar Gi 2bs Kve©‡b O2 †bB|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 17
17. ‡KvbwU wK‡Uv‡c‡›UvR?
K RvB‡jvR L ivB‡evR DËi : M
M ivBey‡jvR N M¨vjv‡±vR
e¨vL¨v : ivBey‡jv‡R wK‡Uvb MÖæc †_‡K- ZvB G‡K wK‡Uv‡c‡›UvRI e‡j|
18. ivB‡evR kK©ivi MjbvsK KZ?
0 0
K 95 C L 96 C DËi : K
0 0
M 97 C N 98 C
e¨vL¨v : ivB‡evR kK©ivi MjbvsK 950C|
19. ‡KvbwU‡Z ivB‡evR hy³ _v‡Kbv?
K ATP L GTP DËi : N
M NADP N MPF
e¨vL¨v : ivB‡evR hy³ _v‡K- ATP, GTP, NADP, NAD etc.
20. cvKv AvOz‡i Møy‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?
K 12-20% L 12-15% DËi : M
M 12-30% N 22-30%
e¨vL¨v : cvKv AvOz‡i Møy‡Kv‡Ri cwigvY 12-30fvM|
21. †Kvb wfUvwgb ˆZwi‡Z Møy‡KvR e¨eüZ nq?
KA LB DËi : M
MC ND
e¨vL¨v : wfUvwgb wm ˆZwi‡Z Møy‡KvR e¨eüZ nq|
22. Møy‡Kv‡Ri wis ÷ªvKPvi †Kgb?
K cvBiv‡bvR L wdDiv‡bvR DËi : K
M cwjgv‡ivR N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : Møy‡Kv‡Ri wis ÷ªvKPvi- cvBiv‡bvR ai‡bi
d«z‡±v‡Ri wis ÷ªvKPvi- wdDiv‡bvR ai‡bi
23. j¨v‡±v‡Ri Av‡cwÿK wgóZv KZ?
K 500 L 16 DËi : L
M 32 N 1000
e¨vL¨v : Av‡cwÿK wgóZv : j¨v‡±vR-16, g‡ëvR -32, Møy‡KvR-74, myK‡ivR-100, d«z‡±vR-173, m¨vKvwib-500, gb¨v‡jwjb-2000|
24. my‡µvR‡K Av`ª©we‡køl‡Y wK cvIqv hvq?
K Møy‡KvR L M¨vjv‡±vR DËi : N
M d«z‡±vR N K+M
e¨vL¨v : my‡µvR = Møy‡KvR + d«z‡±vR|
25. `ywU g‡bvm¨vKvivB‡Wi ga¨Kvi e܇bi bvg wK?
K †ccUvBW eÜb L AvqwbK eÜb DËi : M
M MøvB‡KvmvBwWK eÜb N mwbœwe‡k eÜb
e¨vL¨v : `ywU g‡bvm¨vKvivB‡Wi g‡a¨- MøvB‡KvmvBwWK eÛ _v‡K|
`ywU A¨vwg‡bv Gwm‡Wi g‡a¨- †ccUvBW eÛ _v‡K|
26. wb‡Pi †KvbwU wiwWDwms ï¨Mvi bq?
K Møy‡KvR L myK‡ivR DËi : L
M d«z‡±vR N g¨v‡bvR
e¨vL¨v : Reducing sugar : Glucose, Fructose, Manose; Non-reducing sugar : Sucrose
18 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
27. Av‡qvwWb `ªe‡b ÷vP© †KvbeY© †`q?
K jvj L bxj DËi : L
M meyR N njy`
e¨vL¨v : Av‡qvwWb `ªe‡b ÷vP© bxjeY© †`q|
28. w_b †jqvi †µvgv‡UvMÖvwd‡Z Stationary Phase ‡KvbwU?
K Starch L Cellulose DËi : L
M Gelatin N Gum
e¨vL¨v : Thin layer chromatography ‡Z stationary phase wn‡m‡e cellulose e¨eüZ nq|
29. Zzjvq †mjy‡jv‡Ri cwigvY KZ?
K 90% L 95% DËi : M
M 94% N 60%
e¨vL¨v : Zzjvq- 94% Kv‡V- 60%
wj‡b‡b- 90% Zš‘‘‡Kv‡l- 90%
30. ‡jve÷vi G ewn:‡Lvj‡m wK _v‡K?
K ÷vP© L †mjy‡jvR DËi : M
M KvBwUb N wKDwUKj
e¨vL¨v : KvKov, †jve÷vi Gi ewn:K¼v‡j KvBwUb _v‡K|
31. †KvbwU bxjvf meyR ‰kev‡ji mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
K Yeast L Cyanobacteria DËi : L
M Spirogyra N Chara
e¨vL¨v : mvqv‡bv e¨K‡Uwiqvi mv‡_ bxjvf meyR ˆkevj mvgÄm¨c~Y©| Cyano gv‡b bxj|
32. ‡KvbwU A¨v‡iv‡gwUK A¨vwg‡bv GwmW?
K f¨vwjb L MøvBwmb DËi : N
M A¨vjvwbb N UvB‡ivwmb
e¨vL¨v : wdbvBj A¨vjvwbb, UvB‡ivwmb- Aromatic Amino Acid|
33. Non-protein Amino-Acid ‡KvbwU?
K Aiwbw_b L AviwRwbb DËi : K
M jvBwmb N wn‡gv‡Møvweb
e¨vL¨v : Aiwbw_b, mvBUªywjb, †n‡gv‡mwib- Non protein Amino-Acid.
34. wkï‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq A¨vwg‡bv GwmW KqwU?
K 8wU L 10wU DËi : L
M 20wU N 12wU
e¨vL¨v : AZ¨vek¨Kxq Amino Acid 8wU;wkï‡`i †ÿ‡Î 10wU|
35. Bbmywj‡b KZ¸‡jv A¨vwg‡bv GwmW we`¨gvb?
K 30 L 21 DËi : M
M 51 N 60
e¨vL¨v : Bbmywjb †cÖvwU‡b 51wU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW Dcw¯’Z _v‡K|
36. wZbUv cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb Øviv MwVZ †cÖvwUb †KvbwU?
K Prolamin L Collagen DËi : L
M Hemoglobin N Myoglobin

e¨vL¨v : wZb cwj‡ccUvBW †PBb- †Kvjv‡Rb; Pvi cwj‡ccUvBW- wn‡gv‡Møvweb

 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 19
37. wb‡Pi †KvbwU A¨v‡çv‡UwiK?
K Starch L Cellulose DËi : M
M Collagen N Fatty acid
e¨vL¨v : cÖvq mKj †cÖvwUb Dfag©x/A¨v‡çv‡UwiK nq| D`vniY: †Kvjv‡Rb|
38. MVb Abymv‡i †cÖvwUb KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : M
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : MVb Abyhvqx †cÖvwUb 4 cÖKvi- primary, secondary, tertiary, quarternary.
39. D™¢zZ †cÖvwUb †KvbwU?
K †KivwUb L ‡Kvjv‡Rb DËi : M
M ‡cc‡Uvb N wmWv‡ivdwjwb
e¨vL¨v : D™¢zZ †cÖvwUb- †ccUvBW, †cÖvwUIR, †cc‡Uvb, dvBweªb| GKwU F, wZbUv P|
40. eøvW-K¨vÝvi wbivg‡q e¨eüZ nq †Kvb †cÖvwUb?
K †Kvjv‡Rb L ‡KivwUb DËi : M
M B›Uvi‡dib N Bbmywjb
e¨vL¨v : B›Uvi‡dib fvBivm cÖwZ‡ivaK wn‡m‡e eøvW K¨vÝvi wbivg‡q e¨eüZ nq|
41. ‡KvbwU cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq †cÖvwUb?
K A¨vjeywgb L Møy‡Uwjb DËi : L
M wn‡÷vb N c‡ivUvwgb
e¨vL¨v : Møy‡Uwjb, †cÖvjvwgb, †¯‹¬‡iv‡cÖvwUb cvwb‡Z A`ªeYxq|
42. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Av`k© †cÖvwUb?
K wWg L `ya DËi : N
M Wvj N K+L
e¨vL¨v : wWg I `ya Av`k© †cÖvwUb|
43. G‡Ûviwdb wK Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq?
K RxevYybvkK L e¨_vbvkK DËi : L
M KxUbvkK N †PZbvbvkK
e¨vL¨v : gw¯Í‡®‹ Drcbœ G‡Ûviwdb e¨_vbvkK wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
44. wjwc‡Wi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU fzj?
K eY©nxb L MÜnxb DËi : M
M cvwb‡Z Wz‡e hvq N ¯^v`nxb
e¨vL¨v : wjwcW cvwbi †P‡q nvjKv- ZvB cvwb‡Z †f‡m _v‡K|
45. wjwc‡Wi mv‡_ Sudan-III `ªeY wgkv‡j †Kvb eY© ˆZwi nq?
K bxj L mv`v DËi : M
M jvj N njy`
e¨vL¨v : wjwcW, Sudan-III `ªe‡Yi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i jvjeY© aviY K‡i|
46. mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y †Kvb wjwcW Kv‡R jv‡M?
K dm‡dvwjwcW L mvj‡dvwjwcW DËi : M
M MøvB‡KvwjwcW N wj‡cv‡ivUwb
e¨vL¨v : mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y MøvB‡Kv wjwcW we‡kl f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
20 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
47. AvYweK MVb Abyhvqx wjwcW KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : N
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : AvbweK MVb Abyhvqx wjwcW 5 cÖKvi- wbDUªvj wjwcW, dm‡dvwjwcW, MøvB‡KvwjwcW, Uviwcb‡qWm, †gvg|
48. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Saturated Fatty Acid?
K wj‡bvwjK GwmW L wj‡bv‡jwbK GwmW DËi : M
M w÷qvwiK GwmW N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : Saturated Fatty acid – w÷qvwiK GwmW
Unsaturated Fatty Acid – wj‡bvwjK GwmW, wj‡bv‡jwbK GwmW
49. wb‡Pi †KvbwU dm‡dvwjwcW bq?
K ‡jwmw_b L ‡mdvwjb DËi : M
M ‡Kvjv‡Rb N cøvRgv‡jv‡Rb
e¨vL¨v : K‡qKwU dm‡dvwjwcW n‡jv: †jwmw_b, †mdvwjb, cøvRgv‡jv‡Rb|
50. ‡KvbwU Lvivc †Kv‡j‡÷ij?
K HDL L LDL DËi : L
M DfqB N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : LDLK‡ivbvwi _ª‡¤^vwmm bvgK ü`‡ivM m„wó K‡i| ZvB GwU Lvivc †Kv‡j‡÷ij|
51. i³ RgvU euva‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i †Kvb wjwcW?
K MøvB‡KwjwcW L mvj‡dvwjwcW DËi : M
M dm‡dvwjwcW N Uviwcb
e¨vL¨v : dm‡dvwjwcW- AvqbevnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i i³ RgvU euva‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|
52. ü`wc‡Ûi wPwKrmvq †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K AvM©‡÷ij L w÷Mgv‡÷ij DËi : M
M wWwRUvwjb N wm‡÷v‡÷ij
e¨vL¨v : wbD‡iv‡¯úviv I C÷ G Av‡M©‡÷ij cvIqv hvq| ü`wc‡Ûi wPwKrmvq wWwRUvwjb e¨eüZ nq|
53. weUv-K¨v‡ivwUb bvB †KvbwU‡Z?
K wW‡gi Kzmyg L MvRi DËi : N
M U‡g‡Uv N Pvj
e¨vL¨v : carotin _v‡K- wW‡gi Kzmyg, MvRi, U‡g‡Uv‡Z|
54. A‡š¿ K¨vjwmqvg †kvlY wbqš¿Y K‡i †Kvb wfUvwgb?
KA LB DËi : N
MC ND
e¨vL¨v : wfUvwgb-wW A‡š¿ K¨vjwmqvg †kvlY wbqš¿Y K‡i| wfUvwgb-‡K meyR kvKmewR‡Z cvIqv hvq|
55. Ô‡ccwmbÕGi AcwUgvg PH KZ?
K2 L4 DËi : K
M5 N7
e¨vL¨v : ‡ccwmb- 2.০
Bbfvi‡UR- 4.5
‡mjyev‡qR- 5.০
BDwi‡qR - 7.0
wUªcwmb- 8.০
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 21
56. ‡Kvb avZz GbRvBg G Kvh©KvwiZv evovq?
K Ag L Zn DËi : N
++
M Cu N Mg
e¨vL¨v : GbRvBg Kvh©KvwiZv evovq Mg , Mn , Co, Ni.
2+ 2+

Mn2+
↓
gvgvi Coin → Ni
↓ ↓
2+
Mg Co
Kvh©KvwiZv Kgvq- Ag, Zn, Cu.
57. ‡Pv‡Li Qvwbi A‡¯¿vcPv‡i †Kvb GbRvBg e¨eüZ nq?
K jvB‡cR L wUªcwmb DËi : L
M ‡ccwmb N †ibwb
e¨vL¨v : Av‡gwiKvi Wv. †hv‡md w¯úbv †Pv‡Li Qvwbi A‡¯¿vcPv‡i wUªcwmb cÖ‡qvM K‡i m¤úv`b K‡ib|
58. ‡KvbwU †Kv-GbRvBg bq?
K ATP L FAD DËi : N
M NAD N Sucrase
e¨vL¨v : ‡Kv-GbRvBg n‡jv- ATP, NAD, FAD
59. gw¯Í®‹ I agbxi RgvU i³ Mjv‡Z †Kvb GbRvBg e¨eüZ nq?
K wUªcwmb L jvB‡cR DËi : M
M BD‡ivevB‡jR N K¨vUv‡jR
e¨vL¨v : gw¯Í®‹ I agbxi RgvU i³ Mjv‡Z BD‡ivevB‡jR e¨eüZ nq|
60. wb‡Pi †KvbwU D™¢zZ wjwcW bq?
K †÷i‡qW L Uviwcbm DËi : N
M ivevi N †gvg
e¨vL¨v : mij wjwc‡Wi D`vniYÑ Pwe©, †Zj, †gvg BZ¨vw`|
22 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ

PZz_© Aa¨vq
AYyRxe
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
(***) fvBivm I e¨vK‡UwiqvNwUZ †ivMmg~n
(***) fvBivm (Avwe®‹vi, ˆewkó¨, cÖKvi‡f`)
(**) e¨vK‡Uwiqvi Rbb I cÖKvi‡f`, DcKvix I ÿwZKi w`K
(**) g¨v‡jwiqvi RxebPµ

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. gvby‡li giYe¨vwa GBWm †iv‡Mi fvBivm HIV Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †K?
K Edward Jenner L F.C.Bawden DËi : M
M Gallow N N.W.Pirie
e¨vL¨v : 1984 mv‡j M¨v‡jv gvby‡li giYe¨vwa GBWm †iv‡Mi fvBivm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
nvwc©m nvg ¸wUemšÍ gv¤úm
↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
g‡b ivLvi Trick : nvq nvq emšÍ gvm G‡jv → AIDS
2. wb‡Pi †KvbwU fvBivm NwUZ †ivM?
K h²v L M‡bvwiqv DËi : N
M K‡jiv N ‡W½y
e¨vL¨v : fvBivmNwUZ †ivM- †W½y, wPKzb¸wbqv, mw`©, d¬,z RjvZ¼, ¸wUemšÍ BZ¨vw`|
Bbd¬z‡qÄv RjvZ¼
↑ ↑
fvB‡K †W½y I mw`© AvZ‡¼ †c‡jv|
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
fvBivj †ncvUvBwUm †W½y mw`© †cvwjI|
3. fvBivm wK w`‡q MwVZ?
K wbDwK¬K GwmW L ‡cÖvwUb DËi : M
MK + L N KvBwUb
e¨vL¨v : fvBivm wbDwK¬K GwmW I †cÖvwUb w`‡q MwVZ|
4. me©cÖ_g Avwe®‹…Z fvBivm †KvbwU?
K SARS L TMV DËi : L
M HIV N Corona
e¨vL¨v : TMV = Tobacco Mosaic Virus
5. mvqv‡bvdvh Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †KvbweÁvbx?
K Bawden L Adolf Mayer DËi : M
M Shafferman N Walter Reed
e¨vL¨v : R.S. Shafferman and M.E Morris mvqv‡bvdvh Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 23
6. fvB‡ivjwRi RbK †K?
K W.M.Stanley L Bawden DËi : K
M R.S.Shafferman N Walter reed
e¨vL¨v : W.M. Stanley ‡K fvB‡ivjwRi RbK ejv nq|
7. me‡P‡q †QvU fvBivm †KvbwU?
K †cvwjI L HIV DËi : M
M dzU GÛ gvD_ fvBivm N K‡ivbv
e¨vL¨v : Mevw` cïi dzU GÛ gvD_ fvBivm me‡P‡q †QvU fvBivm (8-12 nm)|
8. ÔfvBivm fvBivmBÕ GwU Kvi gšÍe¨?
K Lwoff L Stanley DËi : K
M Pirie N Reed
e¨vL¨v : Lwoff gšÍe¨ K‡ib- ÔfvBivm fvBivmBÕ|
9. †KvbwU fvBiv‡mi Ro ˆewkó¨ bq?
K ‡KjvwmZ Kiv hvq L e¨vcb Kiv hvq DËi : N
M ZjvwbKiY Kiv hvq N †mw›UªwdDR Kiv hvq bv
e¨vL¨v : fvBiv‡mi Ro ˆewkó¨- 1. †KjvwmZ Kiv hvq, 2. ‡mw›UªwdDR Kiv hvq, 3. ZjvwbKiY Kiv hvq, 4. mvm‡cbkb Kiv hvq I 5.
e¨vcb Kiv hvq|
10. †KvbwU fvBiv‡mi Rxweq ˆewkó¨ bq?
K msL¨ve„w× K‡i L cwie¨w³ DËi : N
M cÖKiY N wRbMZ cybwe©b¨vm N‡U bv
e¨vL¨v : fvBiv‡mi Rxweq ˆewkó¨- msL¨ve„w× K‡i|
cwie¨w³ I cÖKiY m„wó K‡i|
eva¨Zvg~jK ciRxex|
wRbMZ cyb©web¨vm N‡U|
11. ewn:¯’ AveiY †bB †Kvb fvBiv‡m?
K HIV L COVID DËi : N
M Herpes N TMV
e¨vL¨v : ewn:¯’ AveiYhy³ fvBivm- Influenza, Herpes, HIV, Corona Virus.
Influenza
↑
g‡b ivLe : HI HI Corona
↓ ↓
Herpes HIV
12. wjwcW ev wj‡cv‡cÖvwUb ¯Í‡ii GKK‡K wK e‡j?
K MøvB‡KvK¨vwj· L ‡cc‡jvwgqvi DËi : L
M cøvRgv‡jgv N ¯úvBK
e¨vL¨v : wjwcW ev jvB‡cv‡cÖvwUb ¯Í‡ii GKK‡K †cc‡jvwgqvi e‡j|
13. †KvbwU †MvjvKvi fvBivm?
K HIV L TMV DËi : K
M Mumps Virus N Herpes
e¨vL¨v : ‡MvjvKvi fvBivm- Polio, HIV, TIV, Dengue.
24 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
Polio Dengue

↑ ↑
He plays in Team Dubai
↓ ↓
HIV TIV
14. Polygonal virus ‡KvbwU?
K Herpes L HIV DËi : K
M TMV N Polio
e¨vL¨v : nvwc©m, f¨vKwmwbqv -Nb‡ÿÎvKvi/eûfzRvKvi fvBivm
15. Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBiv‡mi AvK…wZ †Kgb?
K Spherical L Rod-shaped DËi : N
M Tadpole N Oval
e¨vL¨v : Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBivm- Oval shaped \ wW¤^vKvi|
wW¤^vKvi
↑
g‡b ivL‡e : In dia
↓
Influenza
16. wb‡Pi †KvbwU DNA fvBivm?
K Dengue L Polio DËi : N
M TMV N TIV
e¨vL¨v : DNA virus- T2, f¨vKwmwbqv, f¨vwiIjv, TIV|
f¨vKwmwbqv
↑
wUcyi fvB wUUz f¨vbIqvjv|
↓ ↓ ↓
TIV T2 f¨vwiIjv
17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU RNA fvBivm?
K T2 L f¨vKwmwbqv DËi : N
M TIV N TMV
e¨vL¨v : RNAvirus- TMV, HIV, Dengue, Polio, Mumps, Rabies ,Corona .
18. ‡Kvb fvBiv‡mi DNA GK m~ÎK?
K TMV L T2 DËi : N
M TIV N M13 Kwjdvh
e¨vL¨v : ×174I M13Kwjdvh Gi DNA GK m~ÎK|
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Dw™¢` fvBivm?
K HIV L Mumps DËi : N
M K‡ivbv N TMV
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢` fvBivm- TMV, Bean Yellow Virus
20. ‡KvbwU wi‡Uªv fvBivm?
K TMV L TIV DËi : M
M HIV N Herpes
e¨vL¨v : HIVGKwU wi‡Uªv fvBivm|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 25
21. QÎvK AvµgYKvix fvBivm‡K wK e‡j?
K wmD‡Wvdvh L gvB‡Kvdvh DËi : L
M mvqv‡bvdvh N ‡cÖvdvh
e¨vL¨v : QÎvK AvµgYKvix fvBivm- gvB‡Kvdvh| gvB‡Kv gv‡b QÎvK|
Dw™¢` AvµgYKvix fvBivm- dvB‡Uvdvh| dvBUb gv‡b Dw™¢`|
22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU BgvwR©s fvBivm?
K HIV L Herpes DËi : K
M TMV N Measles
e¨vL¨v : Emerging virus- HIV, SARS, Nile , Ebola , Corona.
NESHa K‡ivbv → Corna; N-G Nile; E ‡Z Ebola; S-G SARS; H-G HIV|
23. msµgY ÿgZvm¤úbœ m¤ú~Y© fvBivm‡K wK e‡j?
K wbDwK¬IK¨vcwmW L wfwiqb DËi : L
M wfi‡qWm N wcÖqbm
e¨vL¨v : wfi‡qWm n‡jv msµvgK RNA| wfwiqb- msµgY ÿgZv m¤úbœ m¤ú~Y© fvBivm| msµgY ÿgZvwenxb fvBivm wbDwK¬IK¨vcwm|
24. bvwi‡Kj Mv‡Q K¨vWvs †ivM ˆZwi K‡i †KvbwU?
K wfwiqb L wfi‡qWm DËi : L
M wcÖqbm N wbDwK¬IK¨vcwmW
e¨vL¨v : wfi‡qWm- msµvgK RNA K¨vWvs †ivM m„wó K‡i|
25. Ôg¨vWKvDÕ †ivM m„wó K‡i †KvbwU?
K wfwiqb L wfi‡qWm DËi : M
M wcÖqbm N wbDwK¬IK¨vcwmW
e¨vL¨v : g¨vWKvD †ivM m„wói mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wcÖqbm|
†cÖ‡g co‡j Cow mad nq|
↓
wcÖqbm
26. TMV ‡Z cÖwZwU K¨vc‡mvwgqv‡i KqwU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW _v‡K?
K 100wU L 150wU DËi : M
M 158wU N 17000wU
e¨vL¨v : TMV ‡Z cÖwZ wUK¨vc‡mvwgqv‡i 158wU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW _v‡K|
27. jvB‡mv‡RwbK Pµ †KvbwU‡Z cvIqv hvq?
K T2 L T4 DËi : N
M T6 N †cÖvd«vh
e¨vL¨v : jvBwUK Pµ- T2, T4, T6
jvB‡mv‡RwbK Pµ- λ - dvh|
28. e¨vK‡Uwiqvi DNA ‡Z mshy³ dvh DNA ‡K wK e‡j?
K gvB‡Kvdvh L dvB‡Uvdvh DËi : M
M ‡cÖvdvh N mvqv‡bvd«vh
e¨vL¨v : e¨vK‡Uwiqvi DNA Gi m‡½ mshy³ dvh DNA †K †cÖvdvh e‡j|
29. ÔgvB‡µv‡mdvwjÕ †Kvb fvBiv‡mi mv‡_ m¤ú„³?
K Ebola L HIV DËi : M
M Zika N SARS
e¨vL¨v : wRKvfvBiv‡mi Avµg‡Yi d‡j beRvZK wkï‡`i gvB‡µv‡mdvwj nq| Micro → †QvU, Cephalon → gw¯Í®‹, gvB‡µv‡mdvwj
gv‡b †QvU gv_v|
26 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
30. KvPv †LRyi i‡mi gva¨‡g Qovq †KvbwU?
K HIV L Ebola DËi : N
M wRKv N wbcvfvBivm
e¨vL¨v : ev`yi- wbcvfvBiv‡mi evnK- GwU KuvPv †LRyi i‡mi gva¨‡g Qovq|
31. ÔevW©-d¬zÕGi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ †KvbwU?
K H5N1 L H1N1 DËi : K
MK +L N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : Bbd¬z‡qÄv fvBi‡mi mveUvBc H5N1 Gi msµg‡Y evW© d¬z nq| †mvqvBb d¬z → H1N1|
32. K‡ivbv fvBivm Øviv msµwgZ nIqvi KZ w`‡bi gv‡SB mvaviYZ †ivM jÿY cÖKvk cvq?
K 7 w`b L 14 w`b DËi : L
M 21 w`b N 30 w`b
e¨vL¨v : K‡ivbv fvBivm Øviv msµwgZ nIqvi 14 w`‡bi gv‡S (†ÿÎwe‡k‡l 27 w`‡bi gv‡S) †ivM jÿY cÖKvk cvq|
33. B›Uvi‡dib wK ai‡bi WªvM?
K Antiviral L Anti inflammatory DËi : K
M Antibacterial N Antifungal
e¨vL¨v : B›Uvi‡dib fvBivm‡K wbw®Œq Ki‡Z cv‡i, ZvB GwU Gw›UfvBivj WªvM|
34. bxie NvZK †KvbwU?
K HAV L HBV DËi : M
M HCV N HEV
e¨vL¨v : ‡ncvUvBwUm-C †K bxie NvZK/Zz‡li Av¸b ejv nq|
35. nvo fvOv R¡i †KvbwUi mv‡_ m¤ú„³?
K †W½y L GBWm DËi : K
M wPKzb¸wbqv N g¨v‡jwiqv
e¨vL¨v : ‡W½y †iv‡M- ‡Kvg‡i, †giæ`‡Ð e¨_v nq; ZvB G‡K nvo fvOv R¡i e‡j| †giæ`‡Ði e¨_vmn †Kvg‡ii e¨_v GB †iv‡Mi we‡klb
jÿY|
36. PRSV gy³ GMO †KvbwU?
K Rainbow L Sunup DËi : M
MK + L N Manila
e¨vL¨v : Rainbow I Sunup n‡”Q PRSV gy³ Uªv݇RwbK RvZ|
37. e¨vK‡UwiIjwRi RbK †K?
K jyBcv¯‘i L wjD‡qbûK DËi : L
M ievU© KK N †ivbvì im
e¨vL¨v : A¨v›Uwb f¨vb wjD‡qb ûK‡K e¨vK‡UwiIjwR I †cÖv‡UvRyIjwRi RbK ejv nq|
38. æMycobacterium Tuberculosis” ‡Kvb †iv‡Mi RxevYy?
K K¨vÝvi L h²v DËi : L
M GBWm N emšÍ
e¨vL¨v : Mycobacterium Tuberculosis- h²v/wUwe †iv‡Mi RxevYy|
39. e¨vK‡Uwiqvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K Ro †KvlcÖvPxi L GK‡Kvlx DËi : N
M AvYyexÿwYK N wg‡qvwmm N‡U
e¨vL¨v : e¨vK‡Uwiqv wØfvRb cÖwµqvq eske„w× K‡i, wg‡qvwmm bq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 27
40. e¨vK‡Uwiqv †Kvb fvBiv‡mi cÖwZ ms‡e`bkxj?
K †cvwjI L gv¤úm DËi : M
M dvh N T2
e¨vL¨v : dvh fvBiv‡mi cÖwZ e¨vK‡Uwiqv ms‡e`bkxj|
41. wb‡Pi †KvbwU K‡°ve¨vwmjvm e¨vK‡Uwiqv?
K Shigella L Salmonella DËi : L
M Vibrio N Bacillus
e¨vL¨v : K‡°ve¨vwmjvm- Salmonella, Mycobacterium
42. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Pleomorphic e¨vK‡Uwiqv?
K Clostridium L Vibrio DËi : M
M Rhizobium sp. N Mycobacteriun
e¨vL¨v : Rhizobium sp.eûiƒcx e¨vK‡Uwiqv|
43. wb‡Pi †KvbwU MÖvg cwRwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv?
K Clostridium L Bacillus DËi : K
M Salmonella N Klebsiella
e¨vL¨v : MÖvg cwRwUf e¨vK‡Uwiqv- Clostridium, streptococcus, staphylococcus BZ¨vw`|
44. ‡KvbwU g‡bvwUªKvm e¨vK‡Uwiqv?
K Clostridium L Vibrio cholerae DËi : L
M Rhizobium N Corynebacterium diptheriae
e¨vL¨v : g‡bvwUªKvm- Vibrio cholerae
A¨vwçwUªKvm- Spirillum minus
45. ¯øvBg ¯Í‡ii Aci bvg wK?
K †KvlcÖvPxi L K¨vcmyj DËi : L
M wcwj N †g‡mv‡mvg
e¨vL¨v : K¨vcmyj‡K ¯øvBg ¯ÍiI ejv nq|
46. DPT f¨vw·‡b †Kvb †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK †bB?
K wWc‡_wiqv L ûwcsKvwk DËi : N
M aby÷sKvi N h²v
e¨vL¨v : DPT – D = Diphtheria, P = Pertussis/ûwcsKvwk, T = Tetanus /aby÷sKvi|
47. bvBwUªdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv †KvbwU?
K Nitrosomonas L Clostridium DËi : K
M E-coli N Bacillus
e¨vL¨v : Nitrococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas- BZ¨vw` bvBwUªdvBs e¨vK‡Uwiqv|
48. ÔcÖK…wZi Svo–`viÕ †KvbwU?
K fvBivm L e¨vK‡Uwiqv DËi : L
M QÎvK N jvB‡Kb
e¨vL¨v : e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡K cÖK…wZi Svo–`vi ejv nq|
49. eUzwjRg Gi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv `vqx?
K E-coli L Clostridium DËi : L
M Rhizobium N Bacillus
e¨vL¨v : Clostridium botulinum- eUzwjRg Gi Rb¨ `vqx|
28 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
50. gvby‡li A‡š¿ †Kvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K?
K E.coli L Vibrio cholerae DËi : K
M Clostridium N Rhizobium
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li A‡š¿ E.coli e¨vK‡Uwiqv _v‡K|
51. ‡KvbwU G›Uv‡ivUw·b?
K K‡jiv‡Rb L d¬v‡Rwjb DËi : K
M wcDwib N wfwiqb‘
e¨vL¨v : K‡jiv‡Rb GKwU G›Uv‡ivUw·b|
52. ‡KvbwU g¨v‡jwiqvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ bv?
K †ivgvb R¡i L Rjv R¡i DËi : M
M nvo fvOv R¡i N Abycg ch©ve„Ë R¡i
e¨vL¨v : †W½y- nvofvOvR¡i
g¨v‡jwiqv- †ivgvbR¡i, RjvR¡i, Abycg ch©ve„Ë R¡i|
53. Plasmodium malariae Gi myßve¯’v KZ w`b?
K 8-15 w`b L 11-16 w`b DËi : M
M 18-40 w`b N 12-2০w`b
e¨vL¨v : myßve¯’v -Plasmodium vivax = 12-20 w`b
Plasmodium ovale = 11-16w`b
Plasmodium falciparum = 8-15w`b
54. AvµvšÍ gkKxi µ‡ci cÖvPx‡i KZ¸‡jv DËwm÷ †`Lv hvq?
K 10-12wU L 50-500wU DËi : L
M 50-60wU N 7--90wU
e¨vL¨v : AvµvšÍ gkKxi µ‡ci cÖvPx‡i 50-500 wU DËwm÷ cvIqv hvq|
55. we‡k¦i cÖ_g g¨v‡jwiqv cÖwZ‡laK wUKv †KvbwU?
K Mosquirix L MR DËi : K
M TD N Rotarix
e¨vL¨v : RTSS ev Mosquirix cÖ_g g¨v‡jwiqv cÖwZ‡laK wUKv|
56. gvby‡li A‡š¿ †Kvb wfUvwgb ˆZwi nq?
K vit-K L vit-D DËi : K
M vit-A N vit-C
e¨vL¨v : A‡š¿ DrcbœwfUvwgb- vit-K, ev‡qvwUb|
57. 72 N›Uv cici Kuvcywb w`‡q R¡i Avmv †Kvb RxevYyi msµg‡Yi jÿY?
K Plasmodium vivax L Plasmodium malariae DËi : L
M Plasmodium falciparum N Plasmodium ovale
e¨vL¨v : Plasmodium malariae Gi msµg‡Y 72 N›Uv ci ci R¡i Av‡m|
58. †ivMxi †`‡n g¨v‡jwiqvi RxevYy †Kvb A¨vw›UewW ˆZwi K‡i?
K Lecithin L Haemolysin DËi : L
M Ig-A N Lysolecithin
e¨vL¨v : ‡ivMxi †`‡n g¨v‡jwiqvi RxevYy Haemolysin A¨vw›UewW ˆZwi K‡i- hv †jvwnZ i³KwYKv aŸsm K‡i|
59. g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡M kix‡i ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ `vqx †KvbwU?
K jvB‡mvRvBg L cvBiv‡bvR DËi : M
M cvB‡iv‡Rb N Uµwmb
e¨vL¨v : kix‡i ZvcgvÎv e„w×i Rb¨ `vqx cvB‡iv‡Rb|
60. avbMv‡Qi eøvBU †iv‡Mi RxevYy †KvbwU?
K Xanthomonas oryzae L Xanthomonas sativa DËi : K
M Pseudomonas oryzae N Pseudomonas sativa
e¨vL¨v : Xanthomonas oryzae – avb Mv‡Qi eøvBU †iv‡Mi RxevYy|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 29

cÂg Aa¨vq
ˆkevj I QÎvK
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
†gwW‡Kj GWwgk‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb mv‡Rkb nq bv,Gic‡iI wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv †_‡K †ewk cÖkœ G‡m‡Q AZx‡Z †h¸‡jv Avgiv we‡kølY K‡iwQ|
eyw×gvb †Q‡j‡g‡q hviv PvÝ cvIqvi †`Š‡o GwM‡q _vK‡Z PvI Zviv GB wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv Av‡M fv‡jvg‡Zv Abykxjb Ki‡e|Zvici evwK Ask
†`L‡e|

5*UwcK
ˆkevj I QÎv‡Ki ˆewkó¨ I cv_©K¨,GMvwiKv‡mi MVb,Avevm¯’j, GMvwiKv‡mi wM‡ji AšÍM©Vb, Ulothrix Gi †hŠb I A‡hŠb Rbb, cv‡gjv
`kv, Avjyi wejw¤^Z aŸmv †ivM I `v` †iv‡Mi KviY, cÖwZKvi, jvB‡K‡bi MVb|

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. cv_‡ii Mv‡q Rb¥v‡bv ˆkevj‡K wK e‡j?
K †ebw_K L G‡ÛvdvBU DËi : M
M wj‡_vdvBU N GwcdvBU
e¨vL¨v : wj‡_v gv‡b cv_i| cv_‡ii Mv‡q Rb¥v‡bv ˆkevj‡K wj‡_vdvBU e‡j| Ab¨ ˆkev‡ji Mv‡q Rb¥v‡bv ˆkevj‡K GwcdvBU e‡j| DËi
:
2. ‰kevj we`¨v‡K wK e‡j?
K gvB‡KvjwR L fvB‡ivjwR DËi : M
M A¨vj‡MvjwR N e¨vK‡UwiIjwR
e¨vL¨v : ‰kevj we`¨v‡K A¨vj‡MvjwR ejv nq| Algae → ˆkevj|
3. ‰kev‡ji mwÂZ Lv`¨ †KvbwU?
K Avwgl L ‡¯œn DËi : M
M kK©iv N A¨vwg‡bvGwmW
e¨vL¨v : AwaKvsk ˆkev‡ji mwÂZ Lv`¨ kK©iv|mvqv‡bv e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z- MøvB‡Kv‡Rb|
4. ‰kev‡ji †Kvl cÖvPxi wK wbwg©Z?
K wjMwbb L ‡cKwUb DËi : N
M my‡ewib N ‡mjy‡jvR
e¨vL¨v : ‰kev‡ji †KvlcÖvPxi †mjy‡jvR wbwg©Z| QÎv‡Ki †KvlcÖvPxi-KvBwUb wbwg©Z|
Q°v = QÎvK; K = KvBwUb|
5. ‰kev‡ji †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K ¯^‡fvRx L _¨vj‡qW DËi : M
M Rbyµg Dcw¯’Z N fv¯‹zjvi wUmy¨ †bB
e¨vL¨v : ‰kev‡j †Kv‡bv my¯úó Rbyµg †bB|
6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU AvYyexÿwYK ˆkevj?
K Macrocystis L Prochlorococcus DËi : L
M Chara N Volvox
e¨vL¨v : mPj K‡jvwbqvj ˆkevj n‡jv - Volvox, Eudorina, Pandorina.
30 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
Volvox

↑
wibv‡K fv‡jvevwm
↓
Eudorina, Pandorina
7. d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³ ˆkevj †KvbwU?
K Chlamydomonas L Chara DËi : K
M Chlorococcum N Chlorellla
e¨vL¨v : mPj GK‡Kvlx (d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³)- Chlamydomonas
8. ‡KvbwU wm‡bvweqvg bq?
K Volvox L Chara DËi : L
M Pandorina N Eudorina
e¨vL¨v : wm‡bvweqvg- Volvox, Pandorina, Eudorina.
9. ‡`n ce© ga¨ce© mv`„k¨ †KvbwUi?
K Chlamydomonas L Chara DËi : L
M Volvox N Ulva
e¨vL¨v : cvZvi gZ- Ulva
‡`n ce©ga¨ce© mv`„k¨ - Chara
10. Phaeophyta ‡kÖwYi ˆkev‡ji mwÂZ Lv`¨ †KvbwU?
K ‡k¦Zmvi L c¨vivgvBjb DËi : M
M g¨vwbUj N GMvi
e¨vL¨v : Phaeophyta mwÂZ Lv`¨- j¨vwgbvwib, g¨vwbUj I GjwMb|
11. ‡Kv‡li wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g Rbb nq †Kvb ˆkev‡ji?
K Nostoc L Ocillatoria DËi : M
M Euglena N Chara
e¨vL¨v : ‡Kv‡li wefvR‡bi gva¨‡g Rbb- Euglena
LÛvqb- Nostoc, ocillatoria
wUDevi - Chara
12. A‡·v‡¯úvi †KvbwU?
K Navicula L Chara DËi : K
M Spirogyra N Ulothrix
e¨vL¨v : Ry‡¤úvi- Ulothrix
A‡Uv‡¯úvi- Chlorella
A‡·v‡¯úvi-Navicula
13. cvBwib‡qW cvIqv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K Spirogyra L Ulothrix DËi : L
M Chara N Volvox
e¨vL¨v : cvBwib‡qW n‡jv †cÖvwUb RvZxq c`v‡_©i PKP‡K `vbv hvi Pviw`‡K ÷vP© _v‡K|
14. cv‡gjv `kv †`Lv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K Ulothrix L Chara DËi : N
M Chlamydomonas N K+M
e¨vL¨v : Ulothrix, chlamydomonas DfqwU‡Z cv‡gjv `kv n‡Z cv‡i|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 31
15. ‡nvìdv÷ †Kvl _v‡K †KvbwU‡Z?
K Chara L Ulva DËi : M
M Ulothrix N Volvox
e¨vL¨v : Ulothrix Gi †Mvovq eY©nxb, miæ-j¤^v †KvlwU‡K †nvìdv÷ e‡j|
16. ‡gvU mv‡jvK ms‡køl‡Yi kZKiv KZfvM ˆkev‡j N‡U?
K 20 L 30 DËi : M
M 60 N 50
e¨vL¨v : ‡gvU mv‡jvK ms‡køl‡Yi kZKiv 60 fvM ˆkev‡j N‡U|
17. ‘Biofuel’ ‰Zwi‡Z †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K Botryococcus L Shigella DËi : K
M Volvox N Chara
e¨vL¨v : evqydz‡qj ˆZwi‡Z- Botryococcus, Chlorella, Scenedesmus e¨eüZ nq|
18. IqvUvi eøyg m„wó K‡i bv †KvbwU?
K Volvox L Nostoc DËi : K
M Mycrocystis N Ocillatoria
e¨vL¨v : IqvUvi eøyg m„wó K‡i- Nostoc, Ocillatoria, Mycrocystis.
No MOM → N-G Nostoe; O-‡Z Ocillatoria; M-G Mycrocystis.
19. b¨v‡bvwdëvi ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq †KvbwU?
K Pithophora L Volvox DËi : K
M Ulothrix N Chlorella
e¨vL¨v : Pithophora ˆkevj b¨v‡bvwdëvi ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq|
20. gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mse܇b e¨eüZ nq †Kvb ˆkevj?
K Nostoc L Ocillatoria DËi : K
M Volvox N Chara
e¨vL¨v : bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mse܇b mvnvh¨ K‡i- Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira. NA → N-G Nostoc; A-‡Z Anabaena.
21. QÎv‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úK©h³ y bq †KvbwU?
K Afv¯‹zjvi L eû‡Kvlx DËi : M
M ‡K¬v‡ivwdjhy³ N nvBwdhy³
e¨vL¨v : QÎvK-Afv¯‹zjvi, †K¬v‡ivwdjwenxb, eû‡Kvlx|
22. nvwb gvkiæg †KvbwU?
K Armillaria ostoyae L Armillaria mellea DËi : K
M Saprolegnia N Agaricus
e¨vL¨v : gay QÎvK/nvwbgvkiæg- Armillaria ostoyae
23. ‡KvbwU QÎv‡Ki mwÂZ Lv`¨ bq?
K MøvB‡Kv‡Rb L ˆZjwe›`y DËi : N
M fwjDwUb N kK©iv
e¨vL¨v : QÎv‡Ki mwÂZ Lv`¨- MøvB‡Kv‡Rb, ˆZjwe›`y, Pwe©,fwjDwUb|
24. QÎv‡Ki Rbbv½ wK ai‡bi?
K eû‡Kvlx L GK‡Kvlx DËi : L
M DfqB N Rbbv½ bvB
e¨vL¨v : QÎv‡Ki Rbbv½ GK‡Kvlx|
32 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
25. QÎv‡Ki m~ÎvKvi kvLv‡K eûeP‡b wK e‡j?
K nvBdv L nvBwd DËi : L
M i¨vwd N gvB‡mwjqvg
e¨vL¨v : GKeP‡b- nvBdv
eûeP‡b- nvBwd
26. wm‡bvmvBwUK gvB‡mwjqvg †KvbwU?
K Agaricus L Saprolegnia DËi : L
M Amanita N Histoplasma
e¨vL¨v : Saprolegnia sp G wm‡bvmvBwUK gvB‡mwjqvg †`Lv hvq|
27. cwi‡ek †_‡K Lv`¨ †kvlYKvix nvBdv‡K wK e‡j?
K ivB‡Rvg©d L ivBR‡qW DËi : L
M n‡÷vwiqvg N gvB‡KvivBRv
e¨vL¨v : ‡cvlK‡`n †_‡K Lv`¨ †kvlYKvix nvBdv-n‡÷vwiqvg
cwi‡ek †_‡K Lv`¨ †kvlYKvix nvBdv-ivBR‡qW
28. gvB‡KvivBRv G‡mvwm‡qkb †`Lv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K Amanita L Agaricus DËi : K
M Penicillium N Histoplasma
e¨vL¨v : gvB‡KvivBRv G‡mvwm‡qkb †`Lv hvq- Amanita †Z|
29. QÎv‡Ki †KvlwSjøxi cÖavb Dcv`vb wK?
K Cholesterol L Ergosterol DËi : L
M sterol N Wax
e¨vL¨v : QÎv‡Ki †KvlwSjøxi cÖavb Dc`vvb- Ergosterol.
30. ‡KvbwU n‡jv KviwcK QÎvK?
K Synchytrium L Agaricus DËi : K
M Saprolegnia N None
e¨vL¨v : BDKviwcK-Saprolegnia
n‡jvKviwcK- Synchytrium
31. ‰`wnK LÛvq‡bi gva¨‡g eske„w× K‡i †KvbwU?
K Rhizopus L Yeast DËi : K
M Mucor N Agaricus
e¨vL¨v : ‰`wnK LÛvqb- Rhizopus, Penicillium.
32. Budding †`Lv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K Yeast L Rhizopus DËi : K
M Penicillium N K+L
e¨vL¨v : Kzuwo m„wó nq- Yeast/saccharomyces.
33. ‡nvqvBU ev Ubgvkiæg †KvbwU?
K Agaricus bisporus L Agaricus campestris DËi : K
M Agaricus notatum N Claviceps purpurea
e¨vL¨v : Agaricus bisporus †K †nvqvBU ev Ubgvkiæg ejv nq|
34. Agaricus QÎv‡Ki Rbb Ask †KvbwU?
K Hyphae L Mycelium DËi : M
M Fruit\Fruiting body N Stipe
e¨vL¨v : AgaricusGi ˆ`wnK Ask- gvB‡mwjqvg
Rbb Ask- d«zUewW
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 33
35. ‡KvbwU wM‡ji Ask bq?
K Uªgv L nvB‡gwbqvg DËi : N
M mvenvB‡gwbqvg N ÷vBc
e¨vL¨v : wM‡ji Ask- Uªgv, nvB‡gwbqvg, mvenvB‡gwbqvg|
36. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ‡_‡K †Kvb Dr‡m PK cvIqv hvq?
K wRe‡iwjb L Bbfvi‡UR DËi : L
M jvB‡cR N ‡ccwmb
e¨vL¨v : Saccharomyces cerevisiae ‡_‡K Bbfvi‡UR cvIqv hvq|
37. mšÍvb cÖmeKv‡ji i³ ÿiY eÜ Ki‡Z †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K Penicillin L Ergot DËi : L
M Cyclosporine N Steroid
e¨vL¨v : Claviceps purpurea ‡_‡K Ergot ˆZwi nq- hv mšÍvb cÖmeKv‡j i³ÿiY eÜ Ki‡Z Ilya wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
38. Ôev‡qvwi‡gwW‡qkbÕ G †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K fvBivm L e¨vK‡Uwiqv DËi : N
M ‰kevj N QÎvK
e¨vL¨v : Bioremediation G QÎvK e¨eüZ nq|
39. KvMR webó K‡i †Kvb QÎvK?
K Poria L Serpula DËi : M
M Fusarium N Polyporus
e¨vL¨v : Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium RvZxq QÎvK Kv‡Ri Dci Rwb¥‡q KvMR webó K‡i †d‡j|
40. eª‡¼vgvB‡Kvwmm Gi Rb¨ `vqx †KvbwU?
K Polyporus L Absidia DËi : L
M Mucor N Poria
e¨vL¨v : Absidia corymbifera eª‡¼vgvB‡Kvwmm m„wó K‡i|
41. ÔAvwj© eøvBUÕGi Rb¨ `vqx QÎvK †KvbwU?
K Clavicep spurpurea L Alternaria solani DËi : L
M Phytophthorainfestans N Histoplasma capsulatum
e¨vL¨v : Avwj© eøvBU m„wó K‡i- Alternaria solani
42. ‘IrishLumper’ Gi mv‡_ †KvbwU m¤ú„³?
K Alternaria solani L Phytophthora infestans DËi : L
M Claviceps purpurea N Trichophyton rubrum
e¨vL¨v : Phytophthora infestans- Irish Lumper Rv‡Zi Avjyi g‡a¨ †jUeøvBU †ivM m„wó K‡i|
43. jvB‡K‡b ˆkev‡ji cwigvY KZUzKz?
K 10-20% L 20-30% DËi : M
M 5-10% N 17%
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡K‡b †gvU f‡ii 5-10% ˆkev‡ji Ask|
44. wg‡_vRxweZvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK?
K `ywU wfbœ cÖRvwZi mnve¯’vb L `ywU GKB cÖRvwZi mnve¯’vb DËi : K
M `ywU cÖRvwZi c„_K Ae¯’vb N None
e¨vL¨v : wg‡_vRxweZv n‡jv- `ywU wfbœ cÖRvwZi mnve¯’vb, cÖRvwZØq ci¯úi DcK…Z nq|
34 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
45. jvB‡K‡bi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK?
K ci‡fvRx L ¯^‡fvRx DËi : L
M GKK msMVb N ivBRvBb _v‡K bv
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡Kb-‰ØZ msMVb, ¯^‡fvRx, _¨vj‡qW, evqy `~l‡Yi cÖwZ D”PgvÎvq ms‡e`bkxj|
46. ‡KvbwU wek¦Rbxb Dw™¢`?
K ‰kevj L QÎvK DËi : M
M jvB‡Kb N mvBKvm
¨vL¨v : jvB‡Kb wek¦Rbxb Dw™¢`|
47. ‡fRv Kv‡Vi Dci Rb¥vq †KvbwU?
K Graphis L Parmelia DËi : M
M Calicicum N Cora
e¨vL¨v : mivmwi †fRv Kv‡Vi Dci hviv Rb¥vq Zv‡`i wjMwb‡Kvjvm jvB‡Kb ejv nq| D`vniY Ñ Calicicum, Piptoporus
48. ‡KvbwU †Uwi‡Kvjvm?
K Calicicum L Piptoporus DËi : N
M Graphis N Cora Pavonia
e¨vL¨v : Dò I Av`ª© A‡ji gvwU‡Z Rb¥vq †Uwi‡Kvjvm jvB‡Kb- Collematenax, cora pavonia.
49. ‡KvbwU wdjv‡g›Uvm jvB‡Kb?
K Ephebe L Graphis DËi : K
M Letharia N Usnea
e¨vL¨v : Filamentous/ m~ÎvKvi Lichen- Ephebe, Racodium.
50. ‡Kvb jvB‡Kb Sz‡j _v‡K?
K Usnea L Ephebe DËi : K
M Racodium N Strigula
e¨vL¨v : d«zwU‡KvR jvB‡Kb- Usnea, Cladonia leporina, Letharia Columbiana| G ai‡bi jvB‡Kb A‡bK mgq Sz‡j _v‡K| Lvov n‡qI
_vK‡Z cv‡i|
51. jvB‡K‡b MwbwWqvj ¯Í‡i nvBwdi duv‡K duv‡K wK _v‡K?
K QÎvK L ‰kevj DËi : L
M e¨vK‡Uwiqv N fvBivm
e¨vL¨v : ‰kevj ¯Íi ev MwbwWqvj ¯Íi- GLv‡b nvBwdi duv‡K duv‡K ˆkevj _v‡K|
52. ‡KvbwU jvB‡K‡b g~‡ji gZ KvR K‡i?
K ivB‡Rvgd© L ivBRvBb DËi : L
M n‡÷vwiqvg N †gWzjv
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡K‡b †`‡ni wb¤œvs‡k Pz‡ji gZ ivBRvBb _v‡K hv g~‡ji gZ KvR K‡i|
53. jvB‡K‡bi A½R Rbb N‡U †KvbwUi gva¨‡g?
K †mv‡iwWqv L BwmwWqv DËi : M
M LÛvqb N ivBRvBb
e¨vL¨v : LÛvqb, µgvMZ g„Zz¨ I cPb-BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g jvB‡K‡bi A½R Rbb N‡U| †mv‡iwWqv, BwmwWqvi wcKwbwWI †¯úv‡ii gva¨‡g
A‡hŠb Rbb n‡q _v‡K|
54. giæR µgvMgb N‡U †KvbwU‡Z?
K ˆkevj L QÎvK DËi : M
M jvB‡Kb N fvBivm
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡K‡b giæR µgvMgb N‡U- GwU †R‡ivwmwi ch©v‡qi m~Pbv K‡i|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 35
55. jvB‡Kwbb Kx RvZxq c`v_©?
K ‡cÖvwUb L Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU DËi : L
M GbRvBg N ni‡gvb
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡Kb †_‡K ÔjvB‡KwbbÕ Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU cvIqv hvq|
56. ‡ibwWqvi gm †KvbwU?
K Evernia L Usnea DËi : N
M Endocarpon miniatum N Cladonia rangiferina
e¨vL¨v : ‡÷vb gvkiæg-Endocarpon miniatum.
Reindeer - Cladonia rangiferina
57. RjvZ‡¼i Ilya wn‡m‡e †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K Usnea L Rocella DËi : M
M Peltigera N Cladonia
e¨vL¨v : RjvZ‡¼i Ilya -Peltigera
ûwcsKd †iv‡M- Cladonia
58. evqy `~l‡Yi wb‡`©kK †KvbwU?
K ˆkevj L QÎvK DËi : M
M jvB‡Kb N None
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡Kb evqy `~l‡Yi wb‡`©kK, KviY `~wlZ evqy AÂj jvB‡K‡bi Dcw¯’wZ Kg n‡e|
59. A¨vj‡Kvnj I weqvi ˆZwi‡Z †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K Usnea L Cladonia DËi : K
M Peltigera N Rocella
e¨vL¨v : Usnea, Ramalina- A¨vj‡Kvnj I weqvi ˆZwi‡Z e¨eüZ nq|
60. U‡g‡Uvi K¨v¼vi †ivM wbivg‡q †KvbwU e¨eüZ nq?
K †mvwWqvg Dm‡bU L wjKv‡bvwiK GwmW DËi : K
M jvB‡Kwbb N ‡mvwWqvg mvB‡UªU
e¨vL¨v : jvB‡Kb †_‡K †mvwWqvg Dm‡bU cvIqv hvq- hv U‡g‡Uvi K¨v¼vi †ivM wbivg‡q e¨eüZ nq|
36 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ

lô Aa¨vq
eªv‡qvdvBUv I †Uwi‡WvdvBUv
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
†gwW‡Kj GWwgk‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb mv‡Rkb nq bv,Gic‡iI wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv †_‡K †ewk cÖkœ G‡m‡Q AZx‡Z †h¸‡jv Avgiv we‡kølY K‡iwQ|
ZvB eyw×gvb †Q‡j‡g‡q hviv PvÝ cvIqvi †`Š‡o GwM‡q _vK‡Z PvI Zviv GB wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv Av‡M fv‡jvg‡Zv Abykxjb Ki‡e| Zvici evwK
Ask †`L‡e|
5*UwcK
eªv‡qvdvBUv I Riccia Gi ˆewkó¨, Riccia Gi MVb I †hŠb Rbb, Riccia Gi ¸iæZ¡, †Uwi‡WvdvBUv I Pteris Gi ˆewkó¨, Pteris Gi
MVb,Rbb I A_©‰bwZK ¸iæZ¡|

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. eªv‡qvdvBUv wefv‡Mi Dw™¢`mg~‡ni †kÖwY bq †KvbwU?
K †ncvwUwK L gvmvB DËi : N
M A¨v‡š’vwm‡ivwU N dvbRvB
e¨vL¨v : gm Ges Gi mv‡_ wgj m¤úbœ Dw™¢`mg~n eªv‡qvdvBUv wefv‡Mi AšÍ©MZ| G‡`i †`n n¨vcø‡qW|
2. wb‡Pi †KvbwU d¨v‡b‡ivM¨vgm?
K ‰kevj L QÎvK DËi : N
M eªv‡qvdvBUv N wkgyj
e¨vL¨v : d¨v‡b‡ivM¨vgm ev cy®úK Dw™¢` n‡jv- wkgyj, cjvk|
3. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †jvqvi wµ‡ÞvM¨vgm?
K eªv‡qvdvBUv L ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv DËi : M
M ‰kevj N Wvwjqv
e¨vL¨v : ‡jvqvi wµ‡ÞvM¨vgm- ˆkevj, QÎvK| nvqvi wµ‡ÞvM¨vgm Ñ eªv‡qvdvBUv I †Uwi‡WvdvBUv|
4. _¨v‡jvdvBUv I †Uwi‡WvdvBUvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM m„wóKvix MÖæc †KvbwU?
K ˆkevj L QÎvK DËi : M
M eªv‡qvdvBUv N K`g
e¨vL¨v : _¨v‡jvdvBUv I †Uwi‡WvdvBUvi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM m„wóKvix MÖæc n‡jv- eªv‡qvdvBUv|
5. wb‡Pi †KvbwU DfPi Dw™¢`?
K QÎvK L eªv‡qvdvBUv DËi : L
M wkgyj N cjvk
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUv DfPi Dw™¢`|
6. ‡Kvb weÁvbx cÖ_g eªv‡qvdvBUv bvgwU e¨envi K‡ib?
K Hooke L Altman DËi : M
M Brown N Newton
e¨vL¨v : 1864 mv‡j weÁvbx eªvDb cÖ_g eªv‡qvdvBUv kãwU e¨envi K‡ib|
7. eªv‡qvdvBUv e‡M©i Dw™¢`‡K wK e‡j?
K eªv‡qvdvBUm L ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUm DËi : K
M ‰kevj N QÎvK
e¨vL¨v : Bryophyta e‡M©i Dw™¢`‡K Bryophytes e‡j|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 37
8. eªv‡qvdvBUvi ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K Acy®úK L AexRx DËi : M
M GK‡Kvlx N fv¯‹zjvi wUmy¨ bq
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUv eû‡Kvlx, Acy®úK, AexRx|
9. eªv‡qvdvBUv‡Z g~‡ji cwie‡Z© wK _v‡K?
K ivBR‡qW L ‡¯‹j DËi : M
M K+L N ivBRvBb
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUv‡Z g~‡ji cwie‡Z© GK‡Kvlx ivBR‡qW I eû‡Kvlx †¯‹j _v‡K|
10. eªv‡qvdvBUvi cysRbbv½‡K wK e‡j?
K AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg L A¨v‡š’wiwWqvg DËi : L
M ‡¯‹j N ivBR‡qW
e¨vL¨v : ¯¿x Rbbv½- AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg|
cys Rbbv½- A¨v‡š’‡iwWqvg|
11. AvwK©‡Mvwbqv‡gi AvK…wZ †Kgb?
K bvkcvwZ AvK…wZi L d¬v‡¯‹i b¨vq DËi : L
M ‡Mvj N †ejbvKvi
e¨vL¨v : AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg- d¬v‡¯‹i gZ|
A¨v‡š’wiWqvg- bvkcvwZ AvK…wZi, †ejbvKvi, †MvjvKvi, M`vKvi n‡Z cv‡i|
12. eªv‡qvdvB‡Ui ïµvYy KZ d¬¨v‡Rjvwewkó?
K3 L2 DËi : L
M eû N d¬¨v‡Rjvwenxb
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUm‡`i ïµvYy‡Z 2wU d¬¨v‡Rjv _v‡K|
13. eªv‡qvdvBU‡`i wb‡l‡Ki Rb¨ †Kvb gva¨‡gi cÖ‡qvRb?
K KwVb L Zij DËi : L
M M¨vmxq N cøvRgv
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBU‡`i wb‡l‡Ki Rb¨ Zij gva¨g cÖ‡qvRb|
14. eªv‡qvdvBU‡`i †hŠbRbb †Kgb?
K A¨vbvB‡mvM¨vgvm L AvB‡mvM¨vgvm DËi : M
M EM¨vgvm N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBU‡`i †hŠbRbb DM¨vgvm ai‡bi|
15. eªv‡qvdvBUv wefv‡Mi Dw™¢`mg~n KZwU †kÖwY‡Z wef³?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M 50 N 40
e¨vL¨v : 3wU †kÖwY- †ncvwUwK, A¨v‡š’vwm‡ivwU, gvmvB|
16. eªv‡qvdvBUvi Avw` ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU bq?
K n¨vcø‡qW L _¨vj‡qW DËi : N
M Afv¯‹zjvi N ‡nUv‡iv‡¯úvivm
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUvi Avw` ˆewkó¨- n¨vcø‡qW, _¨vj‡qW, Afv¯‹zjvi, †nv‡gv‡¯úvivm|
17. ‡KvbwU eªv‡qvdvBUvi DbœZ ˆewkó¨?
K n¨vcø‡qW L ‡÷vgvUvhy³ GwcWvwg©m DËi : L
M ‡nv‡gv‡¯úvivm N _¨vj‡qW
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUvi DbœZ ˆewkó¨- Anthoceros Dw™¢‡` K¨vcwmD‡j Aew¯’Z K‡jv‡gjv, †÷vgvUv GwcWvwg©m, K¨vcwmD‡ji †Mvovq fvRK
wUmy¨i Ae¯’vb|
38 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
18. Riccia MY KZwU cÖRvwZ wb‡q MwVZ?
K 500 L 200 DËi : L
M 100 N 50
e¨vL¨v : Riccia MY 200wU cÖRvwZ wb‡q MwVZ|
19. Hepaticae ‡kÖwYi eªv‡qvdvBUm m`m¨‡`i wK e‡j?
K wjfviIqvU© L Iqvg© DËi : K
M †iv‡RU N cøvw›U
e¨vL¨v : Hepaticae ‡kÖwYi eªv‡qvdvBUm m`m¨‡`i wjfviIqvU© e‡j|
20. evsjv‡`‡k Riccia M‡Yi KqwU cÖRvwZ Av‡Q?
K 50 L 45 DËi : L
M 40 N 100
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k Riccia M‡Yi 45wU cÖRvwZ cvIqv hvq|
21. †Kvb FZz‡Z Riccia AwaK Rb¥vq?
K MÖx®§ L el©v DËi : L
M kir N ‡ngšÍ
e¨vL¨v : el©vKv‡j Riccia AwaK Rb¥vq|
22. Riccia Gi ˆewkó¨ †KvbwU?
K _¨vj‡qW L AmeyR DËi : K
M mylgc„ô N Lvov
e¨vL¨v : Riccia _¨vj‡qW, meyR, kvwqZ, P¨vÞv, welgc„ô|
23. Riccia wK ai‡bi Dw™¢`?
K †¯úv‡ivdvBwUK L M¨vwg‡UvdvBwUK DËi : L
MK + L N wUªcø‡qW
e¨vL¨v : Riccia M¨v‡g‡UvdvBwUK Dw™¢`|
24. Riccia _¨vjv‡mi cÖ¯‡’ ”Q‡` KZwU AÂj _v‡K?
K 3wU L 2wU DËi : K
M 4wU N 5wU
e¨vL¨v : _¨vjv‡mi cÖ¯‡’ ”Q‡` 3wU AÂj- AvËxKiY AÂj, mÂqx AÂj, wb¤œZ¡K _v‡K|
25. Riccia †Z KZ iK‡gi ivBR‡qW cvIqv hvq?
K3 L2 DËi : L
M5 N4
e¨vL¨v : Riccia ‡Z ivBR‡qW 2 iK‡gi- gm„Y I Agm„Y|
26. Riccia Gi _¨vjv‡mi †Kvb A‡j †k¦Zmvi KYv mwÂZ _v‡K?
K AËxKiY AÂj L wb¤œZ¡K DËi : M
M mÂqx AÂj N ivBR‡q‡W
e¨vL¨v : Riccia Gi mÂqx A‡j †k¦Zmvi KYv mwÂZ _v‡K|
27. cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi m~PK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †KvbwU?
K Riccia L Pteris DËi : K
M Diatom N Spirogyra
e¨vL¨v : Riccia cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi m~PK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| jvB‡Kb evqy `~l‡Yi wb‡`©kK|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 39
evqy `~l‡Yi
↑
jvqjvi BF wb‡`©kK|
↓
jvB‡Kb
28. AvËxKiY m~Î †Kvb A‡j cvIqv hvq?
K d‡Uvwmb‡_wUK AÂj L mÂqx AÂj DËi : K
M wb¤œZ¡K N ivBR‡q‡W
e¨vL¨v : d‡Uvwmb‡_wUK A‡j AvËxKiYm~Î, evqycÖ‡Kvô cvIqv hvq|
29. eªv‡qvdvBUvi åƒY-
K GK‡Kvlx L eû‡Kvlx DËi : L
M w؇Kvlx N GK‡Kvlx ev w؇Kvlx n‡Z cv‡i
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUvi åæY eû‡Kvlx|
30. eªv‡qvdvBUvi †`n †Kvb wUmy¨ w`‡q MwVZ?
K c¨v‡ibKvBgv L ‡Kv‡jbKvBgv DËi : K
M †¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv N A¨v‡ibKvBgv
e¨vL¨v : eªv‡qvdvBUvi †`n c¨v‡ibKvBgv wUmy¨ w`‡q MwVZ|
31. ‡XwKkuvK †Kvb eM©xq Dw™¢`?
K Bryophytes L Pteridophytes DËi : L
M Gymnosperms N Angiosperm
e¨vL¨v : ‡XwKkuvK GK ai‡bi dvb© eM©xq Dw™¢`|
32. dvb©eM©xq Dw™¢‡`i Aci bvg wK?
K eªv‡qvdvBUv L ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv DËi : L
M _¨v‡jvdvBUv N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : gmeM©xq-eªv‡qvdvBUv
dvb©eM©xq-‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv
33. ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv wefv‡Mi Dw™¢`‡K wK e‡j?
K ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUm L eªv‡qvdvBUm DËi : K
M d¨v‡b‡ivM¨vgm N _¨v‡jvdvBUm
e¨vL¨v : ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv wefv‡Mi Dw™¢`‡K †Uwi‡WvdvBUm e‡j|
34. evsjv‡`‡k KZ cÖRvwZi †Uwi‡WvdvBU Av‡Q?
K 41 L 195 DËi : L
M 200 N 400
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k 41 †Mv‡Îi 195 cÖRvwZi †Uwi‡WvdvBUm Av‡Q|
35. ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi M¨vwg‡UvdvBU ch©vq‡K wK e‡j?
K ivB‡Rvg L ‡cÖv_¨vjvm DËi : L
M ivBR‡qW N A¨vcøv‡bv‡¯úvi
e¨vL¨v : ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi M¨vwg‡UvdvBU ch©vq‡K †cÖv_¨vjvm e‡j hv _¨vjvm cÖK…wZi|
36. ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi †ÿ‡Î fzj †KvbwU?
K Acy®úK L AexRx DËi : M
M Afv¯‹zjvi N None
e¨vL¨v : ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv‡Z fv¯‹zjvi wUmy¨ Av‡Q|
40 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
37. ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi ¯¿x M¨vwgU †Kgb?
K mPj L wbðj DËi : L
M e„nr N we¯Í…Z
e¨vL¨v : ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi ¯¿x M¨vwgU wbðj|
38. ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi Rbyµg †Kgb?
K †nUv‡ivgiwdK L A¨vgiwdK DËi : K
M K+M N wcøIgiwdK
e¨vL¨v : G‡`i RxebP‡µ †nUv‡ivgiwdK Rbyµg we`¨gvb| n¨vcø‡qW I wWcø‡qW `kvi mgqKvj wfbœ|
39. ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUvi †¯úvi †Kgb?
K †nv‡gv‡¯úvivm L ‡nUv‡iv‡¯úvivm DËi : N
M A¨vcøv‡bv‡¯úvivm N K+L
e¨vL¨v : ‡Uwi‡WvdvBUv‡Z †¯úvi †nv‡gv‡¯úvivm I †nUv‡iv‡¯úvivm `yBiKgB nB‡Z cv‡i|
40. Pteris G ivB‡Rvg wK w`‡q Av”Qvw`Z _v‡K?
K i¨v‡g›Uv L ÷K DËi : K
M KvBwUb N wKDwUKj
e¨vL¨v : Pteris G ivB‡Rvg i¨v‡g›Uv bvgK kécÎ w`‡q Av”Qvw`Z _v‡K|
41. Pteris G †¯úvivwÄqvg wK w`‡q XvKv _v‡K?
K AcviKzjvg L djm BÛzwmqvg DËi : L
M KvBwUb N UªvwKW
e¨vL¨v : Pteris G †¯úvivwÄqvg djm BÛzwmqvg w`‡q XvKv _v‡K|
42. †¯úvivwÄqv GKwÎZ n‡q wK MVb K‡i?
K †mvivm L ev‡Ûj DËi : K
M dvBevi N mviwm‡bUfv‡b©kb
e¨vL¨v : ‡¯úvivwÄqv GKwÎZ n‡q †mvivm MVb K‡i|
43. Pteris Gi †cÖv_¨vjvm †Kgb?
K †¯úv‡ivdvBwUK L njy` DËi : N
M e„°vKvi N mnevmx
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖv_¨vjvm- M¨vwg‡UvdvBwUK, meyR, ürwcÛvKvi mnevmx|
44. i¨vwKm _v‡K †Kv_vq?
K g~j L KvÛ DËi : M
M cvZv N g~j‡ivg
e¨vL¨v : Pteris G cvZvq i¨vwKm cvIqv hvq|
45. †KvbwU mvbdvb© bv‡g cwiwPZ?
K Riccia L Pteris DËi : L
M Cycas N Agaricus
e¨vL¨v : Pteris †iv‡` Rb¥v‡Z cQ›` K‡i e‡j G‡K mvbdvb© ejv nq|
46. evsjv‡`‡k Pteris Gi KZwU cÖRvwZ R‡b¥?
K 45 L 200 DËi : N
M 400 N 16
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k Pteris Gi 16wU cÖRvwZ R‡b¥|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 41
47. ‡KvbwU Aa©evqexq ev mve Gwiqvj?
K Riccia L Cycas DËi : M
M Pteris N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : cÖvPx‡ii Mv‡q Ges B‡Ui ¯‘‡c Rb¥vq e‡j †Uwim Dw™¢` Aa©evqexq ev mve Gwiqvj|
48. KzÛwjZ KwP cvZv‡K wK e‡j?
K ‡µvwRqvi L fv‡b©kb DËi : K
M U¨vw·m N d«Û
e¨vL¨v : KzÛwjZ KwP cvZv‡K †µvwRqvi e‡j|
49. dv‡b©i cvZv gyKzj Ae¯’vq KzÛwjZ _vKv‡K wK e‡j?
K mviwm‡bU fv‡b©kb L ‡µvwRqvi DËi : K
M wcbv N d«Û
e¨vL¨v : dv‡b©i cvZv KwP Ae¯’vq KzÛwjZ _vKv‡K e‡j mviwm‡bU fv‡b©kb|
50. ivB‡Rvg †Kvb i‡Oi kícÎ w`‡q Ave„Z?
K †e¸bx L bxj DËi : M
M ev`vgx N mv`v
e¨vL¨v : ivB‡Rvg ev`vgx i‡Oi kécÎ w`‡q Ave„Z|
51. Pteris G fv¯‹zjvi ev‡Ûj †Kgb?
K n¨v‡Wªv‡mw›UªK L ‡j‡Þv‡mw›UªK DËi : K
M A¨v‡mw›UªK N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : n¨v‡Wªv‡mw›UªK-‡K‡›`ª RvB‡jg, Pvicv‡k †d¬v‡qgwUmy¨ _v‡K|
52. Pteris G K¨vcwmD‡ji Ask bq †KvbwU?
K e„šÍ L A¨vbyjvm DËi : N
M ‡÷vwgqvg N ivBR‡qW
e¨vL¨v : K¨vcwmD‡ji Ask: e„šÍ, A¨vbyjvm, †÷vwgqvg|
53. Pteris Gi AvwK©‡Mvwbqv‡g †Kvb GwmW _v‡K?
K A·vwjK GwmW L j¨vKwUK GwmW DËi : M
M g¨vwjK GwmW N mvBwUªK GwmW
e¨vL¨v : Pteris Gi AvwK©‡Mvwbqv‡g g¨vwjK GwmW _v‡K|
54. Pteris Gi AvwK©‡Mvwbqv‡gi AvK…wZ †Kgb?
K †MvjvK…wZ L d¬v¯‹ AvK…wZi DËi : L
M bvkcvwZ AvK…wZi N †ejbvK…wZ
e¨vL¨v : AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg- d¬v¯‹ AvK…wZi
A¨v‡š’‡iwWqvg- †MvjvKvi
55. A¨v‡š’‡iwWqv‡g KZwU A¨v‡ÛªvmvBU _v‡K?
K 20-50wU L 20-30wU DËi : K
M 50-60wU N None
e¨vL¨v : A¨v‡š’‡iwWqv‡g 20-50wU ïµvYy gvZ…‡Kvl ev A¨v‡ÛªvmvBU _v‡K|
56. PterisGi ïµvYy KZ d¬v‡Rjvwewkó?
K GK L `yB DËi : M
M eû N wZb
e¨vL¨v : Pteris Gi ïµvYy eû d¬v‡Rjvwewkó|
42 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
57. dv‡b©i cvZv‡K wK e‡j?
K wcbv L d«Û DËi : L
M mviwm‡bU f©v‡bkb N †cÖv_¨vjvm
e¨vL¨v : dv‡b©i cvZv‡K d«Û e‡j|
58. Pteris Gi DcKvwiZv bq †KvbwU?
K kvK wn‡m‡e LvIqv L Ni mvRv‡bv DËi : N
M mvi wn‡m‡e e¨envi N cÖvK…wZK we‡qvRK
e¨vL¨v : Pteris Gi ¸iæZ¡- kvK wn‡m‡e e¨envi, mvi wn‡m‡e, Ni mvRv‡bv‡Z e¨envi cÖK…wZ‡Z Drcv`K wn‡m‡e|
59. cÖwZwU †¯úvivwÄqv‡gi K¨vcwmD‡j KZwU wWcø‡qW †¯úvigvZ…‡Kvl Av‡Q?
K 64 L 16 DËi : L
M8 N 32wU
e¨vL¨v : K¨vcwmD‡ji wfZ‡i 16wU wWcø‡qW †¯úvigvZ…‡Kvl _v‡K|
60. ‡Kvb Dw™¢‡` †¯úv‡ivdvBU _¨vjv‡m wbgw¾Z _v‡K?
K Pteris L Riccia DËi : L
M Volvox N Semibarbula
e¨vL¨v : Riccia Dw™¢‡` †¯úv‡ivdvBU _¨vjv‡m wbgw¾Z _v‡K|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 43

mßg Aa¨vq
bMœexRx I Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢`
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
(***) bMœexRx Dw™¢` (cwiwPwZ, ˆewkó¨, Cycas Gi MVb, Rbb)
(**) Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨
(*) cy®úgÄix, cy®úcÎ web¨vm
(**) Agivweb¨vm
(***) GKexRcÎx I wØexRcÎx Dw™¢`

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. exR Drcv`bKvix fv¯‹zjvi Dw™¢`‡Mvôx‡K wK e‡j?
K mexR Dw™¢` L ¯úvg©v‡UvdvBUv DËi : M
M K+L N AexR Dw™¢`
e¨vL¨v : exR Drcv`bKvix fv¯‹zjvi Dw™¢`‡K mexR Dw™¢` ev ¯úvg©v‡UvdvBUv e‡j|
2. evsjv‡`‡k KZ cÖRvwZi bMœexRx Dw™¢` Av‡Q?
K 400 L 500 DËi : M
M5 N 600
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k 400 cÖRvwZ Ave„ZexRx I 5 cÖRvwZi bMœexRx Dw™¢` Av‡Q|
3. euvkcvZv bv‡g cwiwPZ †KvbwU?
K Cycas Pectinata L Podocarpus Neriifolius DËi : L
M Gnetum N Thuja
e¨vL¨v : Podocarpus Neriifolius evsjv‡`‡k euvkcvZv bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges GUv PÆMÖvg, wm‡jU I K·evRvi ebv‡j cvIqv hvq|
4. †KvbwU bMœexRx Dw™¢` bq?
K Cycas L Gnetum DËi : N
M Thuja N AvgMvQ
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢`- Cycas, Gnetum, Thuja, Pinus|
5. ‡Kvb MÖæ‡ci Dw™¢‡`i ïµvYy d¬v‡Rjvhy³?
K Cycadophyta L Coniferophyta DËi : K
M Gnetophyta N None
e¨vL¨v : Ginkgophyta, Cycadophyta MÖæ‡ci Dw™¢‡`i ïµvYy d¬v‡Rjvhy³|
6. c„w_exi me‡P‡q DuPz e„ÿ †KvbwU?
K weªmj †KvbcvBb L Sequoia sempervirens DËi : L
M Zamia N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : Sequoia sempervirens- c„w_exi me‡P‡q DuPz e„ÿ|
7. we‡k¦i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb e„ÿ †KvbwU?
K Sequoia L Gnetum DËi : N
M Thuja N weªmj †KvbcvBb
e¨vL¨v : weªmj †KvbcvBb we‡k¦i me‡P‡q cÖvPxb e„ÿ|
44 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
8. ‡KvbwU‡Z wØ-wb‡lK †`Lv hvq?
K Gnetum L Thuja DËi : M
M Ephedra N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : GKgvÎ bMœexRx -Ephedra †Z wØwb‡lK †`Lv hvq|
9. †KvbwU k¦vmK‡ói Ilya?
K c¨vivwmUvgj L B‡dwWªb DËi : L
M A¨vmwcwib N giwdb
e¨vL¨v : Ephedra Dw™¢` †_‡K k¦vmK‡ói Ilya B‡dwWªb cvIqv hvq|
10. Leaf Scar †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨?
K ¸ßexRx L Ave„ZexRx DËi : N
M Angiosperms N e¨³exRx
e¨vL¨v : Leaf Scar- bMœexRx ev e¨³exRx Dw™¢‡`i GKwU wfbœag©x ˆewkó¨|
11. bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K wPimeyR L eûel©Rxex DËi : M
M ‡nv‡gv‡¯úvivm N evqycivMx
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢` eûel©Rxex, wPimeyR, Amg‡iYycÖmy ev †nUv‡iv‡¯úvivm, evqycivMx|
12. ‡¯úv‡ivwdj¸‡jv Nbfv‡e mwbœweó n‡q wK ˆZwi K‡i?
K †Kvb L ‡÷ªvwejvm DËi : N
M gÄwi N K+L
e¨vL¨v : †¯úv‡ivwdj¸‡jv Nbfv‡e mwbœweó n‡q †÷ªvwejvm ev †Kvb ˆZwi K‡i, cys‡÷ªvwejvm †gvPvK…wZ|
13. bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i Rbyµg †Kgb?
K mgAvK…wZi L AmgAvK…wZi DËi : L
M DfqB n‡Z cv‡i N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i RxebP‡µ Amg AvK…wZi (heteromorphic) Rbyµg †`Lv hvq|
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cvgdvb©?
K Thuja L Cycas DËi : L
M Pinus N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : Cycas Dw™¢`‡K cvgdvb© ejv nq KviY G‡`i cvZv cvg© I dvY© Gi mv‡_ wgj m¤úbœ|
15. cvZvq UªvÝwdDkb wUmy¨ _v‡K †Kvb wU‡Z?
K Cycas L Pinus DËi : K
M Thuja N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : Cycas Dw™¢‡`i cvZvq UªvÝwdDkb wUmy¨ we`¨gvb|
16. Cycas Dw™¢‡`i g~j †Kgb?
K ivBR‡qW L ivB‡Rvgd© DËi : M
M ‡Kvivj‡qW N ivBRvBb
e¨vL¨v : Cycas Dw™¢‡` †MŠY A¯’vwbK †Kvivj‡qW g~j we`¨gvb|
17. †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i ïµvYy me©e„nr?
K Pinus L Cycas DËi : L
M Thuja N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : Cycas Dw™¢‡`i ïµvYy me©e„nr, jvwU‡gi gZ, mPj, eû d¬v‡Rjvhy³|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 45
18. Cycas Dw™¢‡`i cvZv †Kgb?
K cÿj †hŠwMK L AmeyR DËi : K
M ga¨wkivwenxb N mij
e¨vL¨v : Cycas Dw™¢‡`i cvZv cÿj †hŠwMK|
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‘Living fossil’?
K Cycas L Pinus DËi : K
M Thuja N Aurocaria
e¨vL¨v : Cycas mn mKj cycads †K living fossil ev RxešÍ Rxevk¥ ejv nq|
20. †KvbwU Cycas Gi Avw` ˆewkó¨?
K cÿj †hŠwMK L KwPcvZv KzÐwjZ DËi : N
M ïµvby eû d¬¨v‡Rjvhy³ N AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg m„wó
e¨vL¨v : AvwK©‡Mvwbqvg m„wó Cycas Gi Avw` ˆewkó¨|
21. ‡KvbwUi exR Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq?
K Cycas pectinata L Cycas circinalis DËi : M
M Cycas revoluta N Cycas media
e¨vL¨v : Cycas revoluta Gi exR Lv`¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq|
22. †Kvb †Mv‡Îi Dw™¢‡`i civM‡iYy e„nr Ges K›UwKZ?
K Poaceae L Malvaceae DËi : L
M Liliaceae N Solanaceae
e¨vL¨v : Malvaceae †Mv‡Îi Dw™¢‡`i civM‡iYy e„nr I K›UwKZ|
23. me‡P‡q ÿz`ª Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` †KvbwU?
K Wolffia L Swintonea DËi : K
M Hopea N Dipterocarpus
e¨vL¨v : c„w_exi me‡P‡q ÿz`ª Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` n‡jv- Wolfia microscopia (.1 wgwg)|
evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q ÿz`ª Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢` Wolffia arrhiza|
24. bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i civM‡iYy †Kv_vq cwZZ nq?
K Mf©gyÛ L Mf©vkq DËi : M
M wW¤^KiÜ« N Mf©`Û
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i civM‡iYy wW¤^Ki‡Ü« cwZZ nq|
25. †Kvb bMœexRx Dw™¢‡` mij cÖK…wZi †f‡mj _v‡K?
K Cycas L Thuja DËi : N
M Pinus N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : Gnetum G mij cÖK…wZi †f‡mj _v‡K|
26. ‡KvbwU exiær bq?
K avb L Mg DËi : N
M Nvm N Rev
e¨vL¨v : exiær- avb, Mg, †k¦Z‡`ªvb, `ye©vNvm|
27. ‡KvbwU ¸j¥?
K avb L Mg DËi : M
M ‡Mvjvc N K`g
e¨vL¨v : ¸j¥- i½b, Rev I †Mvjvc|
46 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
†Mvjvc Rev
↑ ↑
†Mvjvwci iw½b Rvgv|
↓
i½b
28. †h Dw™¢` Ab¨ meyR Dw™¢` †_‡K Lv`¨ †kvlY K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K?
K Epiphytes L Saprophytes DËi : M
M Parasites N Shrub
e¨vL¨v : Parasites ciRxex- †h Dw™¢` Ab¨ meyR Dw™¢` n‡Z Lv`¨ †kvlY K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K|
29. ¸”Qg~j †KvbwU‡Z _v‡K?
K avb L K`g DËi : K
M wkgyj N cjvk
e¨vL¨v : avb-¸”Qg~‡ji D`vniY|
¸”Qg~j- GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨|
30. mij c‡Îi D`vniY †KvbwU bq?
K Avg L Rvg DËi : M
M wbg N KuvVvj
e¨vL¨v : mijcÎ- Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj, Rev|
31. †KvbwU AP~ocÿj †hŠwMK c‡Îi D`vniY?
K †Mvjvc L Rev DËi : M
M euv`ijvwV N wbg
e¨vL¨v : euv`ijvwV- AP~ocÿj †hŠwMK c‡Îi D`vniY|
32. wÎcÿj †hŠwMK c‡Îi D`vniY †KvbwU?
K mwRbv L K…òP~ov DËi : K
M ‡Mvjvc N Rev
e¨vL¨v : mwRbvi cvZv- wÎcÿj †hŠwMKc‡Îi D`vniY|
33. mgvšÍivj wkiv-web¨vm †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨?
K GKexRcÎx Dw™¢` L wØexRcÎx Dw™¢` DËi : K
M _¨v‡jvdvBUv N eªv‡qvdvBUv
e¨vL¨v : mgvšÍivj wkivweb¨vm- GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨ Ges RvwjKvKvi wkivweb¨vm- wØexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨|
34. Ô¯úvBK‡jUÕ _v‡K †Kvb Dw™¢‡`?
K mwilv L Rev DËi : M
M avb N K…òP~ov
e¨vL¨v : ¯úvBK‡jU- avb, Mg, Nvm|
35. mvB‡gvm gÄix _v‡K †KvbwU‡Z?
K avb L Mg DËi : M
M Rev N Nvm
e¨vL¨v : mvB‡gvm gÄix- Rev, †iwm‡gvm- avb, Mg, Nvm|
36. `jgЇji cÖwZwU m`m¨‡K wK e‡j?
K ‡mcvj L ‡cUvj DËi : L
M e„wZ N Dce„wZ
e¨vL¨v : `jgЇji cÖwZwU m`m¨- †cUvj/cvcwo|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 47
e„wZi cÖwZwU m`m¨ → †mcvj
†cwiA¨vš’/cy®‹cy‡Ui cÖwZwU m`m¨ → †Ucvj
37. †KvbwU gy³ cy®ú cÎweb¨vm Gi D`vniY?
K AvK›` L evejv DËi : M
M Revi Dce„wZ N mwilv
e¨vL¨v : MÜiv‡Ri e„wZ, Revi Dce„wZ- gy³ cy®úcÎ web¨vm|
38. †KvbwU Bgweª‡KU web¨v‡mi D`vniY?
K wkg L gUi DËi : M
M K…òP~ov N Rev
e¨vL¨v : Bgweª‡KU web¨vm- K…òP~ov, Kvévmy›`v|
K…òP‚ov Bgweª‡KU
↑ ↑
Kvj‡Ki K…òv½ euv`iUvI Important.
↓ ↓
Kvévmy›`v euv`ijvwV
39. †KvbwU †fKwmjvwi cy®úÎweb¨vm Gi D`vniY bq?
K wkg L gUiïwU DËi : M
M Rev N me¸‡jv
e¨vL¨v : ‡fKwmjvwi web¨vm- wkg, gUiïwU|
†fKwmb †`q wkgv Avcv| †f-‡Z †fKwmjvwi; wk-‡Z wkg; g-‡Z gUiïwU; Av-‡Z AcivwRZv|
40. me©gyL civMavbx _v‡K †KvbwU‡Z?
K Rev L Mg DËi : M
M avb N mwilv
e¨vL¨v : me©gyL civMavbx _v‡K av‡b|
41. `jjMœ cys‡Kki Gi D`vniY †KvbwU?
K Rev L avb DËi : M
M ayZziv N Mg
e¨vL¨v : `jjMœ cys‡Kki- ayZziv, †e¸b|
42. Dfwj½ cy®ú †KvbwU?
K jvD L Rev DËi : L
M cvZvevnvi N mwRbv
e¨vL¨v : Rev- Dfwj½ cy®ú
jvD, Kzgov- GKwj½ cy®ú
43. Ômgv½ cy®úÕ †KvbwU?
K avb L Rev DËi : L
M Kzgov N jvD
e¨vL¨v : mgv½ cy®ú- Rev
Amgv½ cy®ú- gUiïwU
44. ‡KvbwU AcÖwZmg cy®ú?
K Rev L KjveZx DËi : L
M wkg N AcivwRZv
e¨vL¨v : GK cÖwZmg- wkg, AcivwRZv
48 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
eûcÖwZmg- mwilv, Rev
AcÖwZmg- KjveZx
45. †KvbwU Mf©kxl© cy®ú?
K wkg L ‡Mvjvc DËi : N
M mwilv N Kzgov
e¨vL¨v : Mf©kxl© cy®ú- Kzgov, †cqviv|
Mf©KwU cy®ú- wkg, †Mvjvc|
46. Aÿxq Agivweb¨vm _v‡K †KvbwU?
K Rev L wkg DËi : K
M gUiïwU N ZuyZ
e¨vL¨v : Aÿxq- Rev, †Xuom| gvwR©bvj- wkg, gUiïwU|
47. c¨vivBUvj Agivweb¨vm †KvbwU?
K ZuyZ L bywbqvkvK DËi : M
M kmv N Rev
e¨vL¨v : c¨vivBUvj- jvD, kmv → jv‡ki cÖvšÍ → c¨vivBUvj; jv-‡Z jvD; k-‡Z kmv;
wd« †m›Uªvj- ZzuZ, bywbqvkvK|
bywbqvkvK
↑
ZzuZ wKb‡j kvK wd« → wd« †m›Uvj|
48. G¨vwcK¨vj Agivweb¨vm †KvbwU‡Z cvIqv hvq?
K ZzuZ L awbqv DËi : L
M avb N wÎavi
e¨vL¨v : kxl©K Agivweb¨vm- awbqv, jvjcvZv
emvj/g~jxq- wÎavi, avb, m~h©gyLx|
49. ‡KvbwU AcÖK…Z dj?
K Avg L Av‡cj DËi : L
M Rvg N wjPz
e¨vL¨v : AcÖK…Z dj- Av‡cj
cÖK…Z dj- Avg, Rvg, wjPz
50. K¨vwiAcwmm †KvbwU?
K ayZziv L ‡Xom DËi : M
M avb N cvU
e¨vL¨v : K¨vwiAcwmm- avb, Mg
K¨vcmyj- ayZziv, †Xuom, cvU|
51. mvB‡RvKvc© †KvbwU?
K a‡b L avb DËi : K
M cvU N Mg
e¨vL¨v : mvB‡RvKvc©-© a‡b, MvRi Ges
wmwjKzqv- mwilv, gyjv|
52. †KvbwU †nm‡cwiwWqvg?
K Avg L Kzj DËi : N
M Avgov N Kgjv
e¨vL¨v : †nm‡cwiwWqvg ev mim Awe`vix dj- Kgjv, evZvex †jey|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 49
53. ‡KvbwU GKexRcÎx Dw™¢`?
K wkg L ‡Qvjv DËi : M
M fzÆv N KuvVvj
e¨vL¨v : GKexRcÎx Dw™¢`- avb, Mg, fzÆv, AvL|
wØexRcÎx Dw™¢`- Avg, Rvg, KuvVvj|
54. GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K exRcÎ GKwU L ¸”Qg~j DËi : N
M åæY gyKzj cvk¦©xq N wkivweb¨vm RvwjKvKvi
e¨vL¨v : GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡` cvZvi wkivweb¨vm mgvšÍivj|
55. Poaceae †Mv‡Îi kbv³Kvix ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K cvZv wjwMDj wewkó L civMavbx me©gyL DËi : N
M Mf©gÐ y cvj‡Ki b¨vq N Agivweb¨vm Aÿxq
e¨vL¨v : Poaceae ‡Mv‡Îi Agivweb¨vm g~jxq|
56. i³cvZ eÜ I ÿZ wbivg‡qi †flR Dw™¢` †KvbwU?
K †jgbNvm L cvZvevnvi DËi : M
M `ye©vNvm N Svo–Nvm
e¨vL¨v : `ye©vNvm- i³cvZ eÜ I ÿZ wbivg‡q e¨eüZ nq|
57. evsjv‡`‡k KZ cÖRvwZi euvk R‡b¥?
K 26 L 27 DËi : M
M 28 N 29
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k 28 cÖRvwZi euvk R‡b¥|
58. Malvaceae †Mv‡Îi ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K civMavbx e„°vKvi L civM‡iYy e„nr DËi : M
M Agivweb¨vm g~jxq N DccÎ gy³cvk¦©xq
e¨vL¨v : Malvaceae ‡Mv‡Îi Agivweb¨vm- Aÿxq|
59. Nvm‡MvÎ ejv nq †KvbwU‡K?
K Malvaceae L Poaceae DËi : L
M Asteraceae N Cruciferae
e¨vL¨v : Poaceae†K - Nvm‡MvÎ ejv nq|
60. †Kvivj‡qW g~‡j wK _v‡K?
K Ocillatoria L Nostoc DËi : L
M Ephedra N Spirogyra
e¨vL¨v : ‡Kvivj‡qW g~‡j Nostoc, Anabaena _v‡K|
NA → Anabaena
↓
Nostoc
50 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ

Aóg Aa¨vq
wUmy¨ I wUmy¨Zš¿
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
(***) fvRK wUmy¨ I cÖKvi‡f`, D`vniY
(**) wUmy¨Zš¿

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. wUmy¨ cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : K
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : wUmy¨ cÖavbZ 2 cÖKvi| h_v : 1. fvRK wUmy I 2. ¯’vqx wUmy¨|
2. wUmy¨i †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K GKB Drm †_‡K m„wó L GKB Kg© m¤úbœKvix DËi : N
M mgag©x N wew”Qbœ
e¨vL¨v : wUmy¨ n‡jv- GKB Drm †_‡K m„ó, GKB ai‡bi Kg© m¤úbœKvix, mgag©x, Awew”Qbœ †Kvl¸”Q|
3. fvRK wUmy¨i Aci bvg wK?
K cÖvB‡Kvg L ‡gwi‡÷g DËi : L
M gv‡qv‡÷g N Gwc‡eøgv
e¨vL¨v : fvRK wUmy¨i Aci bvg- †gwi‡÷g
4. fvRKwUmy¨i ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K RxweZ L A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU DËi : N
M mge¨vmxq N wefvRb ÿgZvnxb
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨- RxweZ, mge¨vmxq, A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU, wefvRb ÿgZvm¤úbœ|
5. fvRKwUmy¨i †Kvl¸‡jvi †KvlcÖvPxi wK w`‡q MwVZ?
K KvBwUb L wjwcW DËi : M
M ‡mjy‡jvR N wjMwbb
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨‡Z †mjy‡jvR wbwg©Z †KvlcÖvPxi _v‡K|
6. fvRKwUmy¨i ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K †KvlMnŸi _v‡K bv L ‡Kvl¸‡jv Nbmwbœweó DËi : M
M wecvKxq nvi Kg N AvšÍ:‡Kvlxq duvK _v‡K bv
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨i wecvKxq nvi †ewk|
7. fvRKwUmy¨ †Kvb cÖwµqvq wefvwRZ nq?
K wg‡qvwmm L gvB‡Uvwmm DËi : L
M A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm N wØfvRb
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨ gvB‡Uvwmm cÖwµqvq wefvwRZ nq|
8. fvRKwUmy¨i KvR bq †KvbwU?
K Dw™¢‡`i ˆ`N©¨ e„w× L Dw™¢‡`i e¨vm e„w× DËi : N
M ÿZ¯’vb c~iY N `„pZv cÖ`vb
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨i KvR- Dw™¢‡`i ˆ`N©¨ I e¨vme„w×
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 51
ÿZ¯’vb c~iY
¯’vqxwUmy¨ m„wó
`„pZv cÖ`vb - ¯’vqx wUmy¨i KvR|
9. DrcwË Abymv‡i fvRKwUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K3 L4 DËi : K
M2 N5
e¨vL¨v : DrcwË Abymv‡i fvRK 3 cÖKvi- cÖviw¤¢K fvRKwUmy¨
cÖvBgvwi fvRKwUmy¨
‡m‡KÛvwi fvRKwUmy¨
10. cÖviw¤¢K fvRKwUmy¨i Aci bvg wK?
K cÖvBgvwi wUmy¨ L ‡gwi‡÷g DËi : M
M ‡cÖv‡gwi‡÷g N KK©K¨vw¤^qvg
e¨vL¨v : cÖviw¤¢K fvRKwUmy¨i Aci bvg- †cÖv‡gwi‡÷g|
11. åƒYve¯’vq DrcwË jvf K‡i †KvbwU?
K †cÖv‡gwi‡÷g L ‡gwi‡÷g DËi : M
M cÖvBgvwi fvRK wUmy¨ N KK©K¨vw¤^qvg
e¨vL¨v : cÖvBgvwi fvRK wUmy¨ åæYve¯’vq DrcwË jvf K‡i|
12. KK© K¨vw¤^qvg †KvbwUmy¨i D`vniY?
K †gwi‡÷g L ‡cÖv‡gwi‡÷g DËi : N
M cÖvBgvwi fvRKwUmy¨ N ‡m‡KÛvwi fvRKwUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : ‡m‡KÛvwi fvRKwUmy¨- KK© K¨vw¤^qvg, B›Uvid¨vwmKzjvi K¨vw¤^qvg| K¨vw¤^qvg _vK‡jB †m‡KÛvwi|
13. Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i fvRKwUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx fvRKwUmy¨ 3 cÖKvi- kxl©K, B›UviK¨vjvwi I cvk¦©xq|
14. B›UviK¨vjvwi fvRKwUmy¨ †Kv_vq _v‡K bv?
K Nvm L cvBb DËi : N
M nm©‡UBj N ‡gnMwb
e¨vL¨v : B›UviK¨vjvwi fvRKwUmy¨ _v‡K- Nvm, cvBb nm©‡UBj cÖf…wZ‡Z|
15. †KvlwefvRb Abymv‡i fvRKwUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : ‡KvlwefvRb Abymv‡i fvRKwUmy¨ 3 cÖKvi- gvm, †cøU, wie|
16. gvm fvRKwUmy¨i D`vniY bq †KvbwU?
K ea©bkxj åæY L ‡iYy_wj DËi : N
M g¾v N g¾viwk¥
e¨vL¨v : gvmfvRKwUmy¨- ea©bkxj åæY, †iby_wj, g¾v, mm¨ wUmy¨|
17. ‡cøU fvRKwUmy¨i D`vniY †KvbwU?
K åæb L cvZv DËi : L
M g~j N mm¨ wUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : ‡cøU fvRKwUmy¨- cvZv, ewa©òz ewn:Z¡K|
52 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
18. ey‡Ki cuvR‡ii b¨vq †`Lvq †Kvb fvRKwUmy¨?
K gvm L ‡cøU DËi : M
M wie N ‡gwi‡÷g
e¨vL¨v : wiev fvRKwUmy¨- ey‡Ki cuvR‡ii b¨vq- ewa©òz g~j I Kv‡Ði g¾viwk¥|
19. KvR Abymv‡i fvRKwUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : KvR Abymv‡i fvRKwUmy¨ 3 cÖKvi|
20. Dw™¢‡`i Z¡K m„wóKvix fvRKwUmy¨ †KvbwU?
K †cÖvK¨vw¤^qvg L ‡cÖv‡UvWvg© DËi : L
M MÖvDÛ †gwi‡÷g N ‡gwi‡÷g
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢‡`i Z¡K m„wóKvix fvRKwUmy¨ n‡jv †cÖv‡UvWvg©|
21. †KvbwU †cÖvK¨vw¤^qv‡gi KvR bq?
K RvB‡jg m„wó L ‡d¬v‡qg m„wó DËi : N
M K¨vw¤^qvg m„wó N K‡U©· m„wó Kiv
e¨vL¨v : K¨vw¤^qvg, RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡qg m„wó Kiv †cÖvK¨vw¤^qv‡gi KvR|
22. Dw™¢‡`i g~jwfwË m„wóKvix fvRK wUmy¨ †KvbwU?
K †cÖvK¨vw¤^qvg L ‡cÖv‡UvWvg© DËi : N
M j¨v‡Uivj †gwi‡÷g N MÖvDÛ †gwi‡÷g
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢‡`i g~jwfwË m„wó K‡i- MÖvDÛ †gwi‡÷g|
23. wb:¯ªvex wUmy¨ †KvbwU?
K RvB‡jg L ‡d¬v‡qg DËi : N
M K¨vw¤^qvg N MÖwš’ wUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : wb:¯ªvex wUmy¨- Ziæÿxi wUmy¨, MÖwš’ wUmy¨|
24. †Kvb fvRKwUmy¨i †KvlwefvRb me Z‡j N‡U?
K gvm L ‡cøU DËi : K
M wie N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : gvm fvRKwUmy¨i †KvlwefvRb me Z‡j N‡U|
25. wØexRcÎx Dw™¢` g~‡j RvB‡jg ev †d¬v‡qg ¸‡”Qi msL¨vÑ
K 6 Gi AwaK L 1-3wU DËi : M
M 2-4wU N 8-10wU
e¨vL¨v : wØexRcÎx Dw™¢` g~‡j RvB‡jg ev †d¬v‡qg ¸‡”Qi msL¨v mvaviYZ 2-4wU|
26. fvRKwUmy¨‡Z mwÂZ Lv‡`¨i bvg wK?
K Møy‡KvR L ÷vP© DËi : N
M Pwe© N ‡Kv‡bv mwÂZ Lv`¨ †bB
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨‡Z †Kv‡bv mwÂZ Lv`¨, ÿwiZ e¯‘, eR©¨ c`v_© _v‡Kbv|
27. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq Lv`¨ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨ mÂq Kiv Kvi KvR?
K †cwimvB‡Kj L g¾v DËi : K
M GwcWvwg©m N nvB‡cvWvwg©m
e¨vL¨v : †cwimvBKj ev cwiPµ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq Lv`¨ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Lv`¨ mÂq K‡i|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 53
28. wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÎi‡Ü«i cÖKvi‡f` Gi AšÍfz©³ bq?
K Diacytic L Anomocytic DËi : N
M Tetracytic N Triacytic
e¨vL¨v : Anomocytic- cÎi‡Ü« cwi‡eóbKvix †Kvlmg~n mvaviYZ¡Kxq †Kvl †_‡K c„_K‡hvM¨ bq| A gv‡b bv|
29. nvBWv‡_vW _v‡K bv †Kvb Dw™¢‡`?
K Nvm L jvD DËi : L
M KPz N U‡g‡Uv
e¨vL¨v : Nvm, KPz U‡g‡Uv BZ¨vw` Mv‡Qi cvZvq nvBWv‡_vW _v‡K| NUK → N-‡Z Nvm; U-‡Z U‡g‡Uv; K-‡Z KPz|
30. B›UviK¨vjvwi/wb‡ewkZ fvRK wUmy¨ †Kv_vq _v‡K bv?
K cÎg~j L ga¨c‡e©i †Mvov DËi : N
M ce©mwÜ N Kv‡Ði kvLv cÖkvLvi kx‡l©
e¨vL¨v : wb‡ewkZ fvRKwUmy¨ _v‡K- cÎg~j, ga¨c‡e©i †Mvovq, ce©mw܇Z I dz‡ji †euvUvq|
31. ¯’vqxwUmy¨i ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K Lv`¨ ˆZwi L Lv`¨ mÂq DËi : N
M `„pZv cÖ`vb N ‡KvlwefvRb G mÿg
e¨vL¨v : ¯’vqxwUmy¨ wefvR‡b Aÿg|
32. ¯’vqxwUmy¨i DrcwË †Kvb wUmy¨ †_‡K?
K fvRKwUmy¨ L wb:¯ªvex wUmy¨ DËi : K
M ÿiYKvix wUmy¨ N RwUj wUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : fvRKwUmy¨ †_‡K ¯’vqx wUmy¨i DrcwË|
33. †KvlcÖvPx‡i bvbv bKkv †`Lv hvq †Kvb wUmy¨‡Z?
K fvRKwUmy¨ L ¯’vqxwUmy¨ DËi : L
M ‡gwi‡÷g N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : ¯’vqx wUmy¨i †Kvl cÖvPx‡i bvbv bKkv †`Lv hvq|
34. wb‡Pi †Kvb Z_¨wU mwVK bq?
K cv‡Ui Auvk ev÷ dvBevi DËi : M
L cwiYZ wmfb‡j †Kv‡bv wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K bv
M bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨‡Z m½x †Kvl _v‡K
N †m‡KÛvwi †d¬v‡q‡g Aew¯’Z dvBevi‡K ev÷ dvBevi e‡j|
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i †d¬v‡qg wUmy¨‡Z m½x †Kvl _v‡K bv|
†f‡mj m½x‡Kvl
↑ ↑
RvB‡j‡gi fvB †bB, †d¬v‡q‡gi m½x †bB bMœexRx‡Z|
35. ‡KvbwU ¯’vqx †Kv‡li ˆewkó¨ bq?
K ‡KvlMnŸi A‡cÿvK…Z †QvU L wefvR‡b Aÿg DËi : K
M wbDwK¬qvm †QvU N ‡KvlcÖvPxi cyiæ
e¨vL¨v : ¯’vqx †Kv‡l †KvlMnŸi A‡cÿvK…Z eo|
36. MVb I Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ ¯’vqx wUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : MVb I Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ ¯’vqxwUmy¨ 3 cÖKvi- mijwUmy¨, RwUjwUmy¨, wbt¯ªvex wUmy¨|
54 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
37. mijwUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : mijwUmy¨ 3 cÖKvi- c¨v‡ibKvBgv, †Kv‡jbKvBgv, †¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv|
38. Dw™¢‡`i cwienb Zš¿ MVb K‡i †Kvb wUmy¨?
K mij L RwUj DËi : L
M wb:¯ªvwe N ‡gwi‡÷g
e¨vL¨v : RwUj ¯’vqxwUmy¨ (RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡qg) Dw™¢‡`i cwienb Zš¿ MVb K‡i|
39. KvR I Ae¯’vb Abyhvqx RwUjwUmy¨ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : K
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : RwUjwUmy¨ 2 cÖKvi| RvB‡jg I †d¬v‡qg|
40. ‡iwRb, M` BZ¨vw` wb:m„Z nq †Kvb wUmy¨ †_‡K?
K mij wUmy¨ L RwUj wUmy¨ DËi : M
M wb:¯ªvex wUmy¨ N fvRK wUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : wb:¯ªvex wUmy¨- Dr‡mPK, eR©¨ †iwRb, M`, AvVv wb:m„Z K‡i|
41. Dw™¢` †`‡n hvwš¿K `„pZv †`q †Kvb wUmy¨?
K †gwi‡÷g L ¯’vqx wUmy¨ DËi : L
M wb:¯ªvex wUmy¨ N fvRK wUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : ¯’vqxwUmy¨ Dw™¢` †`‡n hvwš¿K `„pZv cÖ`vb K‡i|
42. bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ði fv¯‹zjvi evÛjÑ
K e× mgcvk¦©xq L gy³ mgcvk¦©xq DËi : L
M mgwØcvk¦©xq N Aixq
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ði fv¯‹zjvi evÛj gy³ mgcvk¦©xq|
43. g~‡ji ewniveiY‡K wK e‡j?
K GwcWvwg©m L Gwc‡eøgv DËi : L
M ‡gwi‡÷g N †Kv‡jUvm©
e¨vL¨v : Kv‡Ði ewniveiY- GwcWvwg©m
g~‡ji ewniveiY -Gwc‡eøgv
44. GwcWvwg©m †Kvb †Kvl w`‡q MwVZ?
K c¨v‡ibKvBgv L ‡Kv‡jbKvBgv DËi : K
M ‡¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv N A¨v‡ibKvBgv
e¨vL¨v : GwcWvwg©m mvaviYZ c¨v‡ibKvBgv †Kvl w`‡q MwVZ।
45. wZb mvwi †Kv‡li Z¡K _v‡K †Kvb †Kv‡l?
K Kiex L eU DËi : K
M cvKzi N Ak¦Ì
e¨vL¨v : KiexMv‡Qi cvZvq wZbmvwi †Kv‡li Z¡K _v‡K| `yB mvwi †Kv‡li Z¡K → eU, Ak¦Ì, cvKzi|
46. eywjdg© †Kvl _v‡K †KvbwU‡Z?
K avb L Nvm DËi : N
M cvKzi N Mg
e¨vL¨v : eywjdg© †Kvl Av‡Q- Mg, fzÆv, AvL cÖf…wZi|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 55
47. wjMwbb Rgv nq †Kvb Mv‡Qi cvZvq?
K avb L Mg DËi : M
M Cycas N cvKzi
e¨vL¨v : Cycas, Pinus, NvmRvZxq Dw™¢‡`i cvZvq wjMwbb Rgv n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
48. A¨v‡š’vmvqvwbb iÄK _v‡K †Kv_vq?
K dz‡ji cvcwo L djZ¡K DËi : M
M K+L N g~‡j
e¨vL¨v : dz‡ji cvcwo I djZ¡‡K A¨v‡š’vmvqvwbb iÄK c`v_© _v‡K|
49. gvB‡ivwmb cvIqv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K avb L mwilv DËi : L
M fzÆv N Mg
e¨vL¨v : mwilv †MvÎxq Dw™¢‡` gvB‡ivwmb †Kvl cvIqv hvq|
50. we‡kl ai‡bi eû‡Kvlx UªvB‡Kvg‡K wK e‡j?
K ké L ‡Kv‡jUvm© DËi : L
M `skK †ivg N g~j
e¨vL¨v : we‡kl ai‡bi eû‡Kvlx UªvB‡Kvg‡K †Kv‡jUvm© ev MÖwš’‡ivg e‡j|
51. ‡Kvb †Mv‡Îi Dw™¢‡` iv‡Z cÎiÜ« †Lvjv _v‡K? cvZvi gva¨‡g eske„w× K‡i cv_iKzwP|
K mwilv L avb DËi : M
M cv_iKzwP N wkg
e¨vL¨v : cv_iKzwP Dw™¢‡` w`‡b cÎiÜ« eÜ I iv‡Z †Lvjv _v‡K|
52. ‡÷vgv A‡bK¸‡jv †iwW‡qwj j¤^v †Kvl Øviv cwi‡ewóZ _v‡K †KvbwU‡Z?
K Diacytic L Paracytic DËi : M
M Actinocytic N Anisocytic
e¨vL¨v : Actinocytic - †÷vgv A‡bK¸‡jv †iwW‡qwj j¤^v †Kvl w`‡q cwi‡ewóZ _v‡K|
53. nvBWv‡_vW w`‡q Zij cvwb †ei nIqv‡K wK e‡j?
K Mv‡Ukb L Awf¯ªeY DËi : K
M QuvKb N cÖ‡¯^`b
e¨vL¨v : nvBWv‡_vW w`‡q cvwb †ei nIqv‡K wb:¯ªveb ev cvwb wbM©gb ev Mv‡Ukb e‡j|
54. †KvbwU Avw` wUmy¨Zš¿ bv‡g cwiwPZ?
K GwcWvg©vj wUmy¨ Zš¿ L MÖvDÛ wUmy¨ Zš¿ DËi : L
M Z¡Kxq wUmy¨ Zš¿ N fv¯‹zjvi wUmy¨ Zš¿
e¨vL¨v : MÖvDÛ wUmy¨ Zš¿‡K Avw` wUmy¨Zš¿ e‡j|
55. Aa:Z¡K _v‡K bv †Kv_vq?
K g~j L KvÐ DËi : K
M kvLv N exR
e¨vL¨v : g~‡j Aa:Z¡K _v‡K bv|
56. Kzgov I KzgvwiKv Kv‡Ð †cwimvB‡Kj †Kvb wUmy¨ w`‡q MwVZ?
K c¨v‡ibKvBgv L ‡Kv‡jbKvBgv DËi : M
M ‡¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv N A¨v‡ibKvBgv
e¨vL¨v : Kzgov I KzgvwiKv Kv‡Ð cwiPµ ev †cwimvB‡Kj eû¯Íiwewkó Ges GwU †¯‹¬‡ibKvBgv wUmy¨ w`‡q MwVZ|
56 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
57. ‡gmvK© cvIqv hvq †Kv_vq?
K g~j L KvÛ DËi : M
M cvZv N kvLv
e¨vL¨v : cvZvq †cÖv‡UvRvB‡jg I †gUvRvB‡jg †K›`ª I cwiwa `yBw`‡KB web¨¯Í _v‡K G‡K †gmvK© e‡j|
58. GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ði fv¯‹zjvi evÐjÑ
K gy³ mgcvk¦©xq L e× mgcvk¦©xq DËi : L
M mgwØcvk¦©xq N ‡Kw›`ªK
e¨vL¨v : GKexRcÎx Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡Ði fv¯‹zjvi evÛj e× mgcvk¦©xq|
59. ‡KvbwU‡Z †j‡Þv‡mw›UªK fv¯‹zjvi ev‡Ûj †`Lv hvq?
K Pteris L Lycopodium DËi : N
M Selaginella N Yucca
e¨vL¨v : ‡j‡Þv‡mw›UªK -Dracaena, Yucca|
Dracaena
↑
jeY †L‡q WªvKzjv Yuck K‡i|
↓ ↓
†j‡Þv‡mw›UªK Yucca
60. K¨vm‡cwiqvb w÷ªc cvIqv hvq †Kvb ¯Í‡i?
K GwcWvwg©m L Gwc‡eøgv DËi : N
M K‡U©· N G‡ÛvWvwg©m
e¨vL¨v : G‡ÛvWvwg©‡m K¨vm‡cwiqvb w÷ªc cvIqv hvq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 57

beg Aa¨vq
Dw™¢` kvixiZË¡
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
(**) LwbR jeY cwi‡kvlY I cÖwµqv (gZev`)
(*) cÖ‡¯^`b
(***) mv‡jvKms‡kølY
(**) k¦mb, cÖKvi‡f` I avcmg~n

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. Dw™¢` kvixiZ‡Ë¡i RbK †K?
K Hooke L Altman DËi : M
M Stephen Hales N Brown
e¨vL¨v : Stephen Hales †K Dw™¢` kvixiZ‡Ë¡i RbK ejv nq|
2. Dw™¢‡`i AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb KqwU?
K 16 L 10 DËi : N
M6 N 17
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢‡`i AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb-17wU| g¨v‡µv‡gŠj 9wU i‡es gvB‡µvgŠj 8wU|
3. †Kvb Avqb axi MwZ‡Z †kvwlZ nq?
K Ca
2+
LK
+
DËi : K
M N0-3 N HC0 3
-

e¨vL¨v : axi MwZ‡Z †kvwlZ nq- Ca I SO4 †K‡mv ax‡i P‡j| †K → Ca2+, †mv → SO42- | `ªæZ MwZ‡Z †kvwlZ nq K+, NO3-
2+ 2-

4. ‡KvbwU Nvm Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ g¨v‡µv‡gŠj?

K Si L Na DËi : K
M Co N Cu
e¨vL¨v : wmwjKb-Nvm Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ Ges †mvwWqvg- C4 Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ g¨v‡µv‡gŠj ।
5. Avqb G·‡PÄ gZev` KqwU?
K2 L3 DËi : K
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : Avqb G·‡PÄ Gi Rb¨ `yBwU gZev` i‡q‡Q|
1| CO2 G·‡PÄ gZev`
2| KbU¨v± G·‡PÄ gZev`
6. CO2 G·‡PÄ gZev‡`, CO2 †Kvb Gwm‡W cwiYZ nq?
K Kve©wjK GwmW L Kve©wbK GwmW DËi : L
M g¨vwjK GwmW N A·vwjK GwmW
e¨vL¨v : CO2 G·‡PÄ gZev‡` CO2,Kve©wbK Gwm‡W cwiYZ nq|
7. Nb‡Z¡i AvbwZi wecix‡Z †Kvb †kvlY N‡U?
K mwµq L wbw®Œq DËi : K
M wbi‡cÿ N None
e¨vL¨v : Nb‡Z¡i AvbwZi wecix‡Z mwµq †kvlb N‡U| wecixZ KvR K‡i e‡j GLv‡b kw³ `iKvi nq ZvB mwµq|
58 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
8. jyb‡WMo gZev‡` †Kvb GbRvBg wµqv K‡i?
K K¨vUv‡jR L Aw·wR‡bR DËi : M
M wWnvB‡WªvwR‡bR N K¨vUv‡jR
e¨vL¨v : jyb‡WMo gZev‡` wWnvB‡WªvwR‡bR GbRvBg wµqvkxj|
9. mvB‡Uv‡µvg cv¤ú gZev‡`i Aci bvg wK?
K jyb‡WMo gZev` L Avqb evnK gZev` DËi : K
M †cÖvUbcv¤ú gZev` N †jwmw_bevnK aviYv
e¨vL¨v : mvB‡Uv‡µvg cv¤ú gZev‡`i Aci bvg jyb‡WMড় gZev`|
10. ‘Proton Pump’ N‡U †Kvb gZev` Abyhvqx?
K jyb‡WMo gZev` L ‡jwmw_b evnK gZev` DËi : N
M e¨vcb gZev` N ‡cÖvUb A¨vbvqb †Kv Uªv݇cvU© gZev`
e¨vL¨v : ‡cÖvUb-A¨vbvqb †Kv Uªv݇cvU© gZev` Abyhvqx †cÖvUb cv¤ú N‡U|
11. Ô‡jwmw_b Avqb evnK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iÕ GwUi cÖe³v †K?
K Peter L Hopes DËi : M
M Bennet Clark N Steven
e¨vL¨v : Bennet Clark †jwmw_b evnK aviYv gZev` †`b|
12. †KvbwU wbw®Œq jeY cwi‡kvlY gZev` bq?
K e¨vcb gZev` L e¨vcK cÖevn gZev` DËi : N
M ‡Wvb¨vb mvg¨ve¯’v N jyb‡WMo gZev`
e¨vL¨v : wbw®Œq jeY †kvlY gZev`-
1| e¨vcb gZev`
2| Avqb wewbgq gZev`
3| e¨vcK cÖevn gZev`
4| †Wvb¨vb mvg¨ve¯’v
g‡b ivvLvi †UKwbK : Ave× †Wvev-Av †Z Avqb wewbgq, e †Z e¨vcb, †Wv- †Wvb¨vb mvg¨ve¯’v, ev-e¨vcK cÖevn|
13. e¨vcK cÖevn gZev‡`i cÖe³v †K?
K Donnan L Hylmo DËi : N
M Kramen N L+M
e¨vL¨v : Hylmo Ges Kramen e¨vcK cÖevn gZev‡`i cÖe³v|
14. †Kvb Avq‡bi Dcw¯’wZ K+ †kvlY‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i?
K Na L Zn DËi : M
M Mg N Fe
e¨vL¨v : Ca, Mg Avq‡bi Dcw¯’wZ K †kvlY‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i|
+

15. cvwb cwi‡kvl‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?

K wbw®Œq †kvlY L g~j‡ivg w`‡q †kvwlZ nq DËi : M
M wecvKxq kw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq N AYyy wn‡m‡e †kvwlZ nq
e¨vL¨v : cvwb cwi‡kvl‡Y †Kvb wecvKxq kw³i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| KviY GwU wbw®Œq †kvlY|
16. ‡kvwlZ cvwbi KZUzKz Ask Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡R jv‡M?
K 1% L 2% DËi : K
M 3% N 4%
e¨vL¨v : ‡kvwlZ cvwbi gvÎ 1% †`‡n Kv‡R jv‡M| Aewkó 99% ev¯úvKv‡i cÖ‡¯^`‡bi gva¨‡g †ei n‡q hvq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 59
17. †Kvb weÁvbx cÖ‡¯^`b‡K ‘Necessary evil’ e‡jb?
K Hooke L Curtis DËi : L
M Jonson N Altman
e¨vL¨v : weÁvbx KvwU©m cÖ‡¯^`b‡K ‘Necessary evil’ bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|
18. ÔM¨vbs c‡UvwgUviÕ hš¿ w`‡q †KvbwUi nvi wbY©q Kiv nq?
K mv‡jvKms‡kølY L k¦mb DËi : M
M cÖ‡¯^`b N ‡iPb
e¨vL¨v : cÖ‡¯^`b nvi wbY©qKvix hš¿-M¨vbs c‡UvwgUvi
19. kZKiv KZfvM cÖ‡¯^`b cÎiÜ« w`‡q nq?
K 7-8% L 91-92% DËi : M
M 95-98% N 1-2%
e¨vL¨v : kZKiv 95-98 fvM cÖ‡¯^`b cÎiÜ« w`‡q nq| Z¡Kxq cÖ‡¯^`b nq kZKiv 2-5 fvM Ges †jw›UKzjvi cÖ‡¯^`b nq kZKiv 1 fvM|
20. wKDwUb wK RvZxq c`v_©?
K kK©iv L Avwgl DËi : M
M ‡¯œn N ‡cÖvwUb
e¨vL¨v : wKDwUb †¯œnRvZxq c`v_©|
21. cÖwZwU cÎi‡Ü« KqwU iÿx‡Kvl _v‡K?
K2 L3 DËi : K
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : cÖwZwU cÎiÜ« `ywU iÿx‡Kvl w`‡q cwi‡ewóZ _v‡K|
22. cÎiÜ« KLb c~Y© †Lvjv _v‡K?
K mKvj 10-11Uv L weKvj 2-3 Uv DËi : M
M K+L N ivZ 10-11 Uv
e¨vL¨v : cÎiÜ« mKvj 10-11Uv I weKvj 2-3Uv c~Y© †Lvjv _v‡K|
23. iÿx‡Kv‡li ùxZ Ae¯’v †Kvb cÖfveK Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq bv?
K Av‡jv L ZvcgvÎv DËi : N
M Rjxqev®ú N e„wócvZ
e¨vL¨v : iÿx‡Kv‡li ùxwZ Ae¯’vi cÖfveK → Av‡jv, ZvcgvÎv, Rjxqev®ú
24. Dw™¢` I evqygЇji g‡a¨ M¨vmxq wewbgq N‡U †Kvb A½ w`‡q?
K †÷ªvgv L ‡÷vgvUv DËi : L
M g~j N ce©ga¨
e¨vL¨v : cÎiÜ(« stomata) w`‡q M¨vmxq wewbgq nq|
25. cÎi‡Ü« AvK…wZ †Kgb?
K †MvjvKvi L wW¤^vKvi DËi : M
M Aa©P›`ªvK…wZi N ejqvKvi
e¨vL¨v : cÎiÜ« Aa©P›`ªvK…wZi nq|
26. †g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l cvwbi Afve n‡j †Kvb GwmW ˆZwi nq?
K Kve©wbK GwmW L g¨vwjK GwmW DËi : M
M A¨vewmwmK GwmW N A¨vwg‡bv GwmW
e¨vL¨v : ‡g‡mvwdj †Kv‡l cvwbi Afve n‡j A¨vewmwmK GwmW ˆZwi nq
60 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
27. cÎi‡Ü«i †Lvjv I eÜ nIqv †Kvb Avq‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj?
K Na
+
LK
+
DËi : L
2+ 2+
M Ca N Mg
e¨vL¨v : cÎi‡Ü«i †Lvjv I eÜ nIqv K Avqb Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq
+

28. †Kvb Av‡jv cÎiÜ« †Lvjv Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i?

K jvj L bxj DËi : L
M ‡e¸wb N meyR
e¨vL¨v : bxj Av‡jv cÎiÜ« †Lvjv Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
29. †KvbwU cÖ‡¯^`‡bi Af¨šÍixY cÖfveK bq?
K cvZvi msL¨v L cvZvi MVb DËi : N
M Rxebxkw³ N gvwU¯’ cvwb
e¨vL¨v : gvwU¯’ cvwb cÖ‡¯^`‡bi evwn¨K cÖfveK| Af¨šÍixY cÖfveK Dw™¢‡`i wbR¯^ MV‡bi mv‡_ RwoZ|
30. †KvbwU cÖ‡¯^`‡bi ¸iæZ¡ bq?
K ‰`wnK e„w× L ‡Kvl wefvRb DËi : N
M Zvc wbqš¿Y N Pvc wbqš¿Y
e¨vL¨v : cÖ‡¯^`‡bi ¸iæZ¡- ‰`wnK e„w×, †Kvl wefvRb, kw³ wbM©gb, Zvc wbqš¿Y|
31. AšÍ:Awf¯ªeY cÖwµqvq cvwb MÖnY K‡i †Kvl ùxZ nIqv‡K wK e‡j?
K UviwRwWwU L BgevBwekb DËi : K
M cøvR‡gvjvBwmm N wWwdDkb
e¨vL¨v : AšÍ:Awf¯ªeY cÖwµqvq cvwb MÖnY K‡i †Kvl ùxZ nIqv‡K UviwRwWwU e‡j| ewntAwf¯ªeY cÖwµqvq cvwb †ei n‡q †cÖv‡UvcøvR‡gi
ms‡KvPb‡K e‡j cøvR‡gvjvBwmm|
32. †KvbwU nvB‡WªvwdwjK c`v_© bq?
K AvVv L ÷vP© DËi : N
M ‡mjy‡jvR N wUb
e¨vL¨v : nvB‡WªvwdwjK c`v_©-÷vP©, †mjy‡jvR, wR‡jwUb, AvVv|
33. mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi KuvPvgvj bq †KvbwU?
K Av‡jv L cvwb DËi : N
M ‡K¬v‡ivwdj N O2
e¨vL¨v : mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi KuvPvgvj → CO2, H2O,Av‡jv, †K¬v‡ivwdj
34. mgMÖ †`‡nB †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ _v‡K †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i?
K Pteridophytes L Riccia DËi : L
M Lichen N Agaricus
e¨vL¨v : Riccia, Marchantia Dw™¢‡` mgMÖ †`‡nB †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ _v‡K|
35. mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi g~j wcM‡g›U †KvbwU?
K †K¬v‡ivwdj-b L K¨v‡ivwUb DËi : M
M ‡K¬v‡ivwdj-a N dvB‡Kv Gwiw_ªb
e¨vL¨v : mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Yi g~j wcM‡g›U-‡K¬v‡ivwdj-a|
36. d‡Uvwm‡÷g-II †Z KZ Zi½ ˆ`‡N©¨i Av‡jv e¨eüZ nq?
K 700 nm L 680 nm DËi : L
M 400 nm N 950 nm
e¨vL¨v : PS – I = ৭০০ nm; PS – II = ৬৮০nm
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 61
37. ‡KvbwU AvqiY mvjdvi †cÖvwUb?
K mvB‡Uv‡µvg L ‡dwiWw·b DËi : L
M cøv‡÷vKzBbb N cøv‡÷vmvqvwbb
e¨vL¨v : ‡dwiWw·b GKwU Avqib-mvjdvi †cÖvwUb| †divg gv‡b †jŠn|
38. ‡`‡n Aw·‡R‡bi Afve n‡j cÖ_‡gB †Kvb †Kv‡li g„Zz¨ N‡U?
K †cwk‡Kvl L ¯œvqy‡Kvl DËi : L
M i³‡Kvl N ‡hvRK wUmy¨
e¨vL¨v : ‡`‡n O2 Gi Afve n‡j cÖ_‡g ¯œvqy‡Kv‡li g„Zz¨ N‡U| KviY ¯œvqy‡Kv‡l ïay mevZ A_©vr O2 mn k¦mb nq|
39. d‡UvjvBwm‡mi d‡j wK Drcv` cvIqv hvq?
K O2 LH
+
DËi : M
M K+L N ATP
e¨vL¨v : d‡UvjvBwm‡mi Drcv`- O2, H , e | d‡Uv gv‡b Av‡jv Ges jvBwmm A_©v †f‡½ hvIqv A_©vr Av‡jvi mvnv‡h¨ cvwbi fv½b|
+ -

40. evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi cwigvY KZfvM?

K 3% L 21% DËi : M
M 0. 035% N 0.1%
e¨vL¨v : evqygÛ‡j CO2 Gi cwigvY 0.035% ।
41. Pµxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jkb Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K PS-I Ask †bq L H20 cÖ‡qvRb †bB DËi : N
M 02 Drcbœ nq bv N NADP weRvwiZ nq
e¨vL¨v : Pµxq d‡Uvdm‡dvivB‡jk‡b NADP weRvwiZ nq bv|
42. ‡Kvb ˆkev‡j cÖ_g K¨vjwfb Pµ Avwe®‹…Z nq?
K Diatom L Chlorella DËi : L
M Ulva N Spirogyra

e¨vL¨v : স ানী c×wZ‡Z chlorella ˆkev‡j cÖ_g K¨vjwfb Pµ Avwe®‹…Z nq|

43. ‡KvbwU C3 Dw™¢` bq?
K Avg L Rvg DËi : N
M avb N Nvm
e¨vL¨v : C3 Dw™¢`-Avg, Rvg, avb, cvU|
C4 Dw™¢` g‡b ivLvi †UKwbK : wgjøvZ KvKv wPbv Avcvi fvB I mwLbvi wMwbœ| wgjøvZ- wgjø¨vZ, KvKv-KvDb I µ¨ve Nvm, wPbv-wPbv, fvB-
fzÆv, Bÿz, mwLbv - miMvg, wMwbœ- wMwb|
44. c„w_exi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GbRvBg †KvbwU?
K A¨vgvB‡jR L K¨vUv‡jR DËi : M
M iæwe‡¯‹v N jvB‡cR
e¨vL¨v : c„w_exi me©vwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GbRvBg-iæwe‡¯‹v|
45. d‡Uv‡imwc‡ik‡b †Kvb A½vYy Ask †bq bv?
K †K¬v‡ivcøv÷ L ivB‡ev‡Rvg DËi : L
M cviAw·‡mvg N gvB‡UvKwÛªqv
e¨vL¨v : d‡Uv‡imwc‡ik‡b-‡K¬v‡ivcøv÷,cviAw·‡mvg, gvB‡UvKwÛªqv A½vby AskMÖnY K‡i| gvB wcwm-gvB †Z gvB‡UvKwÛªqv, wc-
cviAw·‡mvg, wm- †K¬v‡ivcøv÷|
46. NAD-malic enzyme ‡Kvb Dw™¢‡` Kvh©Kix?
K fzÆv L Bÿz DËi : M
M KvDb N wMwb
e¨vL¨v : NAD-malic enzyme-wgjøvZ, KvDb, wPbv BZ¨vw` Dw™¢‡` Kvh©Kix
62 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
47. mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y wbM©Z O2 Gi Drm wK?
K Av‡jv L H2O DËi : L
M CO2 N Møy‡KvR
e¨vL¨v : H2O n‡jv mv‡jKms‡køl‡Y wbM©Z O2 Gi Drm|
48. Ôj Ae wgwbgvgÕ †Kvb weÁvbx cÖ¯Íve K‡ib?
K Blakman L Liebig DËi : L
M Hooke N Newton
e¨vL¨v : Law of minimum → Liebig & Law of limiting factor → Blackman
49. NADP reductase GKwUÑ
K †gg‡eªb †cÖvwUb L d¬¨v‡fv †cÖvwUb DËi : L
M wjwcW N Avqib-mvjdvi †cÖvwUb
e¨vL¨v : NADP reductase GKwU d¬¨v‡fv †cÖvwUb Ges evDÛ ‡Kv GbRvBg FAD| Gi d¬¨vwfb MÖæc n‡jv B‡jKUªb MÖnxZv|
50. mevZ I AevZ Dfq k¦m‡bi Awfbœ avc †KvbwU?
K MøvB‡KvjvBwmm L A¨vwmUvBj †Kv-G m„wó DËi : K
M ‡µem Pµ N B‡jKUªb Uªv݇cvU© †PBb
e¨vL¨v : MøvB‡KvjvBwmm Dfq k¦m‡bi Awfbœ avc|
51. MøvB‡KvjvBwm‡mi †Kvb wewµqvwU wØgyLx?
K 1g L 2q DËi : L
M 3q N ‡kl
e¨vL¨v : MøvB‡KvjvBwm‡m 1g, 3q, †kl wewµqv-GKgyLx evwK¸‡jv- wØgyLx
52. MøvB‡KvjvBwm‡mi wecixZ cÖwµqv †KvbwU?
K Møy‡KvwbI‡R‡bwmm L jvB‡cvjvBwmm DËi : K
M MøvB‡Kv‡R‡bvjvBwmm N jvB‡cv‡R‡bwmm
e¨vL¨v : MøvB‡KvjvBwm‡mi Dëv cÖwµqvq Møy‡KvR ˆZwii cÖwµqv‡K Møy‡KvwbI‡R‡bwmm e‡j|
53. †µem P‡µi Aci bvg wK?
K jyb‡WMo Pµ L mvBwUªK GwmW Pµ DËi : N
M TCA Pµ N L+M
e¨vL¨v : ‡µem P‡µi Aci bvg mvBwUªK GwmW Pµ A_ev TCA GwmW Pµ|
54. cvZvi cÖwZ GK eM© †mw›UwgUvi GjvKvq cÎ i‡Ü«i msL¨v KZ?
K 1000-60000 L 300-30000 DËi : K
M 2000-10000 N 100-600
e¨vL¨v : Dw™¢‡`i cÖavb wZbwU kvixie„Ëxq Kv‡R (k¦mb, mv‡jKms‡kølY I cÖ‡¯^`b) cÎiÜ« AskMÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
55. ATP ‰Zwi nq †Kvb cÖwµqvq?
K †cÖvUb-A¨vbvqb †Kv-Uªv݇cvU© cÖwµqv L ‡KwgAm‡gvwUK cÖwµqv DËi : L
M ‡Uªmvi †UKwbK N mwµq cwienY
e¨vL¨v : ATP ‰Zwi nq-‡KwgAm‡gvwUK cÖwµqvq
56. `B ˆZwii Rb¨ KZ ZvcgvÎvi cÖ‡qvRb?
0
K 35-36 C L 37-38 C DËi : L
0

0 0
M 39-40 C N 50-60 C
e¨vL¨v : 37-380 ZvcgvÎvq `B ˆZwi Kiv nq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 63
57. IwjK Gwm‡Wi k¦mwbK nvi KZ?
K1 L 1.33 DËi : M
M 0.71 N 0.75
e¨vL¨v : g¨vwjK GwmW = 1.33 & IwjK GwmW = 0.71, Møy‡KvR - 1.
58. KZ ZvcgvÎvq k¦mb wµqv fv‡jvfv‡e P‡j?
K ০-৪৫ c L 20 - 35 c DËi : L
0 0 0

M 20-30 c N †KvbwUB bq
0

e¨vL¨v : 20 - 35 c ZvcgvÎvq k¦mb wµqv fv‡jvfv‡e P‡j|

0 0

59. ‡Kvb je‡bi Dcw¯’wZ k¦mb nvi e„w× NUvq?

K AgCl2 L KCl DËi : L
M HgCl2 N LiCl
e¨vL¨v : k¦mb Gi e„w×KviK jeY →NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2
60. ‘Pasteur effect’ N‡U †KvbwU‡Z?
K C÷ L WvqvUg DËi : K
M e¨vwmjvm N Nostoc
e¨vL¨v : C÷ GKwU myweavবাw` Aevqexq QÎvK| G‡Z Pasteur effect N‡U|
64 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ

`kg Aa¨vq
Dw™¢` cÖRbb
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
‡gwW‡Kj GWwgk‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb mv‡Rkb nq bv,Gic‡iI wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv †_‡K †ewk cÖkœ G‡m‡Q AZx‡Z †h¸‡jv Avgiv we‡kølY K‡iwQ|
ZvB eyw×gvb †Q‡j‡g‡q hviv PvÝ cvIqvi †`Š‡o GwM‡q _vK‡Z PvI Zviv GB wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv Av‡M fv‡jvg‡Zv Abykxjb Ki‡e| Zvici evwK
Ask †`L‡e|
5*UwcK
civM‡iYy I wW¤^vYyi cwiùyUb, cysM¨vwg‡UvdvBU I ¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui weKvk, wb‡lKwµqv, wb‡l‡Ki cwiYwZ I Mf©vkq, wW¤^‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi
(QK), A½R cÖRb‡bi D`vniY, cvi‡_‡bv‡R‡bwmm, A¨v‡cv‡¯úvwi, A¨vW‡fbwUwUf Ggeªv‡qvwb, A¨v‡cvM¨vgx GB me¸‡jvi msÁv I D`vniY,
wewfbœ cv_©‡K¨i QK|

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. †KvbwU mvKvi Gi D`vniY?
K Avg L Rvg DËi : M
M euvk N K`g
e¨vL¨v : Kjv, cyw`bv, Avbvim, P›`ªgwjøKv, euvk G¸‡jvi mvKvi (we‡kl KvÐ) Gi mvnv‡h¨ cÖRbb nq|
2. †hŠb cÖRb‡bi মূল D‡Ïk¨ bq †KvbwU?
K åæY m„wó L åæY weKvk DËi : N
M åæY cÖKvk N åæ‡Yi ¯’vbvšÍi
e¨vL¨v : åæY m„wó, weKvk I cÖKvkB †hŠb cÖRb‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨|
3. Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i †hŠb cÖRbb wK ai‡bi?
K AvB‡mvM¨vgvm L A¨vbvB‡mvM¨vgvm DËi : M
M DM¨vgvm N AcysRwb
e¨vL¨v : Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡` †hŠb cÖRbb DM¨vgvm ai‡bi|
4. dz‡ji Z…Zxq ¯ÍeK †KvbwU?
K e„wZ L `j DËi : N
M ¯¿x ¯ÍeK N cys¯ÍeK
e¨vL¨v : dz‡ji Z…Zxq ¯ÍeK → cys¯ÍeK| evB‡i †_‡K wfZ‡ii w`‡K †M‡j : e„wZ, `j, cys¯ÍeK I ¯¿x¯ÍeK|
5. civMavbxi `ywU L‡Ði gvSLv‡bi ms‡hvRK‡K wK e‡j?
K fvwg©m L ‡hvRbx DËi : L
M wW¤^K N cwjwbqvg
e¨vL¨v : civMavbxi `ywU L‡Ði gvSLv‡bi ms‡hvRK‡K †hvRbx e‡j|
6. AvwK©‡¯úvwiqvj †Kv‡li ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K AvKv‡i †QvU L Nb mvB‡UvcøvRg DËi : K
M eo wbDwK¬qvm N AvKv‡i eo
e¨vL¨v : AvwK©‡¯úvwiqvj †Kvl AvKv‡i eo, Nb mvB‡UvcøvRgc~Y© Ges eo wbDwK¬qvmhy³|
7. civMavbxi cÖvPx‡ii me‡P‡q †fZ‡ii ¯Í‡ii bvg wK?
K †UKUvg L U¨vM‡gb DËi : M
M U¨v‡cUvg N ‡jvweIj
e¨vL¨v : civMavbxi cÖvPx‡ii me‡P‡q †fZ‡ii ¯Íi n‡jv U¨v‡cUvg|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 65
8. civM gvZ…‡Kv‡l †Kvb cÖwµqvq wefvwRZ nq?
K A¨vgvB‡Uvwmm L gvB‡Uvwmm DËi : M
M wg‡qvwmm N None
e¨vL¨v : civM gvZ…‡Kv‡l wg‡qvwmm cÖwµqvq wefvwRZ nq
9. GKmv‡_ _vKv civM‡iYyi we‡kl MVb‡K wK e‡j?
K cwjwbqvg L U¨v‡cUvg DËi : K
M cwj‡mvg N G·vBb
e¨vL¨v : GKmv‡_ _vKv civM †iYyi we‡kl MVb‡K cwjwbqvg e‡j
10. ‡Kvb †Mv‡Îi Dw™¢‡`i civM †iYy GKmv‡_ _v‡K?
K Orchidaceae L Asclepiadaceae DËi : M
M K+L N Poaceae
e¨vL¨v : Orchidaceae, Asclepiadaceae †Mv‡Îi civM‡iYy Avjv`v bv †_‡K GKmv‡_ _v‡K|
11. civM †iYyi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K GK‡Kvlx L wWcø‡qW DËi : L
M GK wbDwK¬qvm wewkó N `ywU Z¡K wewkó
e¨vL¨v : civM‡iby GK‡Kvlx, n¨vcø‡qW, `ywU Z¡K wewkó|
12. †¯úv‡iv‡cv‡jwbb †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq?
K B›UvBb L G·vBb DËi : L
M U¨v‡cUvg N †cv‡jb †UUªvW
e¨vL¨v : G·vBb G wewfbœ ivmvqwbK c`v_© _v‡K, cÖavb Dcv`vb n‡jv †¯úv‡iv‡cv‡jwbb|
13. G·vB‡b cvZjv wQ‡`ªi gZ Ask‡K wK e‡j?
K Rvg©‡cvi L ‡÷vgvUv DËi : K
M iÜ« N †÷ªvgv
e¨vL¨v : G·vB‡b cvZjv wQ‡`ªi b¨vq Ask‡K Rbb wQ`ª, †iYyiÜ« ev Rvg©‡cvi e‡j|
14. cysM¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui cÖ_g †Kvl †KvbwU?
K civMavbx L civM_wj DËi : M
M civM‡iYy N U¨v‡cUvg
e¨vL¨v : civM‡iYy cysM¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui cÖ_g †Kvl|
15. cysM¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui Ask bq †KvbwU?
K civM‡iYy L civMbvwjKv DËi : N
M cysM¨vwgU N RvB‡MvU
e¨vL¨v : civM‡iYy, bvwjKv wbDwK¬qvm, Rbb wbDwK¬qvm, civMbvwjKv, cysM¨vwgU G¸‡jv cysM¨vwg‡UvdvBU Gi Ask|
16. wW¤^‡Ki †h As‡ki mv‡_ wW¤^Kbvox mshy³ _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K wW¤^K Z¡K L wW¤^K bvfx DËi : L
M wW¤^K iÜ« N wW¤^K g~j
e¨vL¨v : wW¤^‡Ki †h As‡ki mv‡_ wW¤^Kbvox hy³ _v‡K Zv‡K wW¤^K bvfx e‡j|
17. wW¤^K g~‡ji w`‡Ki †Kvl¸‡jv‡K wK e‡j?
K cÖwZcv` †Kvl L Mf©hš¿ DËi : K
M ‡MŠY †Kvl N mm¨‡Kvl
e¨vL¨v : wW¤^K g~‡ji w`‡Ki åæY_wji †Kvl¸‡jv‡K cÖwZcv` †Kvl e‡j|
66 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
18. ‡KvbwU DaŸ©gyLx wW¤^‡Ki D`vniY?
K cwc L ÿzw`cvbv DËi : N
M mwilv N cvb
e¨vL¨v : EaŸ©gyLx wW¤^K-cvb, †MvjgwiP, welKvUvjx| †UKwbK : †Mvjvwc wel cvb K‡i| †Mvjvwc - †MvjgwiP, cvb-cvb, wel-welKvUvwj|
19. ‡KvbwU eµgyLx wW¤^‡Ki D`vniY?
K mwilv L cwc DËi : K
M cvb N †MvjgwiP
e¨vL¨v : eµgyLx wW¤^K →mwilv, KvjKvmy›`v| Kvmv - KvjKvmy›`v, mwilv|
20. kZKiv KZfvM Dw™¢‡`i åæY_wj g‡bv‡¯úvwiK?
K 60% L 75% DËi : L
M 80% N 90%
e¨vL¨v : kZKiv 75% Dw™¢‡`i åæY_wj g‡bv‡¯úvwiK|
21. ¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui cÖ_g †Kvl †KvbwU?
K ¯¿x †iYy L wW¤^K DËi : K
M åæY_wj N åæY
e¨vL¨v : ¯¿x †iYy-¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui cÖ_g †Kvl|
22. åæY_wji MVb cÖavbZ KZ cÖKvi?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : åæY_wji MVb cÖavbZ 3 cÖKvi- 1. g‡bv‡¯úvwiK, 2. evB‡¯úvwiK, 3. †UUªv‡¯úvwiK|
23. †KvbwU evB‡¯úvwiK åæY_wji D`vniY?
K Fritiliaria L Peperomia DËi : N
M Oenothera N Allium
e¨vL¨v : Allium type G evB‡¯úvwiK åæY_wj †`Lv hvq|
24. wW¤^Ki‡Ü«i w`‡Ki åæY_wji 3wU †Kvl‡K wK e‡j?
K cÖwZcv`‡Kvl L Mf©hš¿ DËi : L
M mm¨‡Kvl N ‡MŠY †Kvl
e¨vL¨v : wW¤^Ki‡Ü«i w`‡K åæY_wji †Kvl wZbwU‡K wW¤^vYy hš¿ ev Mf©hš¿ e‡j|
25. ¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui DrcwË †Kv_vq?
K wW¤^K L Mf©gyÛ DËi : K
M Mf©cÎ N åæY_wj
e¨vL¨v : wW¤^‡K ¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui DrcwË N‡U|
26. cÖwZwôZ ¯¿x †iYy‡Z KZwU wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K?
K6 L7 DËi : M
M8 N9
e¨vL¨v : cÖwZwôZ ¯¿x‡iYy‡Z 8wU wbDwK¬qvm _v‡K|
27. ¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvBU wK‡mi Dci wbf©ikxj?
K wb‡lK L ‡¯úv‡ivdvBU DËi : L
M civM‡iণু N wW¤^K
e¨vL¨v : ¯¿xM¨vwg‡UvdvBU †¯úv‡ivdvB‡Ui Dci wbf©ikxj|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 67
28. ‡KvbwU ¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui Ask bq?
K åæY_wj L wW¤^vYy DËi : N
M cÖwZcv` wbDwK¬qvm N wW¤^K
e¨vL¨v : ¯¿x M¨vwg‡UvdvB‡Ui Ask → åæY_wj, wW¤^vYy, mvnvh¨Kvix wbDwK¬qvm, cÖwZcv` wbDwK¬qvm, †m‡KÛvwi wbDwK¬qvm|
29. wb‡l‡Ki c~‡e© †KvbwU cÖ‡qvRb?
K civMvqY L exR m„wó DËi : K
M åæ‡Yi cwiùzUb N dj m„wó
e¨vL¨v : wb‡l‡Ki c~‡e© civMvqY cÖ‡qvRb|
30. †KvbwU Porogamy Dw™¢`?
K Avg L SvD DËi : K
M jvD N Kzgov
e¨vL¨v : Porogamy Dw™¢`-Avg, Rvg|
31. †KvbwU Chalazogamy Dw™¢`?
K Avg L Rvg DËi : M
M SvD N jvD
e¨vL¨v : Chalazogamy→ SvD|
32. wb‡lK wµqvq ïµvYy I wW¤^vYyi wgjb wK ai‡bi?
K Porogamy L Mesogamy DËi : M
M Syngamy N Chalazogamy.
e¨vL¨v : wb‡lক wµqvq ïµvYy I wW¤^vYyi wgjb wmbM¨vwg ai‡bi|
33. †m‡KÛvwi wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ cysM¨vwg‡Ui wgjb‡K wK e‡j?
K wØwgjb L wmbM¨vwg DËi : M
M wÎwgjb N K¨vjv‡RvM¨vwg
e¨vL¨v : ‡m‡KÛvwi wbDwK¬qv‡mi mv‡_ cysM¨vwg‡Ui wgjb‡K wÎwgjb e‡j|
34. wØwb‡lK †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨?
K e¨³exRx L bMœexRx DËi : M
M Ave„ZexRx N wRg‡bv¯úvg©
e¨vL¨v : wØwb‡lK Ave„ZexRx Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó¨|
35. wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z wØwb‡lK N‡U?
K Cycas L Ephedra DËi : L
M Pinus N Gnetum
e¨vL¨v : bMœexRx Dw™¢` Ephedra †Z wØwb‡lK Avwe®‹…Z nq 1990 mv‡j|
36. †¯úv‡ivdvB‡Ui cÖ_g †Kvl †KvbwU?
K wW¤^vYy L ïµvYy DËi : M
M RvB‡MvU N mvnvh¨Kvix wbDwK¬qvm
e¨vL¨v : wbwl³ wW¤^vYy ev RvB‡MvU ‡¯úv‡ivdvB‡Ui cÖ_g †Kvl| †¯úv‡ivdvBU nj wWcø‡qW ZvB RvB‡MvU n‡e|
37. G‡Ûv¯úvg© G wbDwK¬qv‡mi Ae¯’v †Kgb?
K n¨vcø‡qW L wWcø‡qW DËi : M
M wUªcø‡qW N cwjcø‡qW
e¨vL¨v : G‡Ûv¯úvg© wUªcø‡qW (3n)|
68 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
38. wb‡l‡Ki d‡j Mf©vkq wK‡m cwiYZ nq?
K dzj L dj DËi : L
M exR N mm¨
e¨vL¨v : wb‡l‡Ki d‡j- Mf©vkq d‡j cwiYZ nq; wW¤^K ex‡R cwiYZ nq|
39. cwic° nIqvi Av‡MB cy®ú †_‡K cys‡Kki †g‡i †djv ev mwi‡q †djv‡K e‡jÑ
K A¨v‡cvM¨vwg L wmD‡WvM¨vwg DËi : N
M A¨v‡cv‡¯úvwi N Bgv¯‹z‡jkb
e¨vL¨v : wW¤^vYy, åæY_wj ev wW¤^‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ †Kvl †_‡K wb‡lK QvovB åæY ˆZwii cÖwµqv‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e e‡j A¨vMv‡gv¯úvwg|
40. Gwij †`Lv hvq bv †KvbwU‡Z?
K wjPz L KvVwjPz DËi : M
M Avg N Rvqdj
e¨vL¨v : Gwij †`Lv hvq → wjPz, KvVwjPz, Rvqd‡j
41. wb‡l‡Ki d‡j G·vBb wK‡m cwiYZ nq?
K ‡U÷v L ‡UM‡gb DËi : K
M ‡UKUvg N U¨v‡cUvg
e¨vL¨v : wb‡l‡Ki d‡j G·vBb → †U÷v, BbUvBb → †UM‡gb G cwiYZ nq|
42. wb‡l‡Ki d‡j wdDwbKzjvm Kx‡m cwiYZ nq?
K dj L exR DËi : N
M exRZ¡K N exRe„šÍ
e¨vL¨v : wdDwbKzjvm (wW¤^Kbvox) → ex‡Ri †evUv (exRe„šÍ)
43. wb‡l‡Ki ci K¨vjvRvi cwiYZ iƒc wK?
K djZ¡K L exRbvfx DËi : N
M exRe„šÍ N bó n‡q hvq
e¨vL¨v : K¨vjvRv (wW¤^K g~j) → bó n‡q hvq (exRg~j)
44. wb‡lK wµqvi ¸iæZ¡ bq †KvbwU?
K dj I exR m„wó L weeZ©b DËi : N
M eskiÿv N ‡R‡bwUK WvBfviwmwU m„wó nq bv
e¨vL¨v : wb‡l‡Ki ¸iæZ¡: 1. dj I exR m„wó, 2. weeZ©b, 3. †R‡bwUK WvBfviwmwU m„wó
45. †Rvo Kj‡gi Rb¨ wew”Qbœ AskwU‡K e‡jÑ
K ÷K L w¯øc DËi : N
M gyKzj N mvBqb
e¨vL¨v : †Rvov Kj‡gi Rb¨ mvBqb‡K †h Dw™¢‡`i mv‡_ †Rvov †`Iqv nq Zv‡K ÷K e‡j|
46. MwbwWqv †Kv_vq m„wó nq?
K Mucor L Agaricus DËi : K
M Penicillium N None
e¨vL¨v : wgDK‡i †¯úvi ev MwbwWqv m„wó nq|
47. †KvbwUi †¯úvi †nUv‡iv‡¯úvivm?
K ïlwb kvK L dvb© DËi : K
M jvB‡Kv‡cwWqvg N mvBKvm
e¨vL¨v : ‡nv‡gv‡¯úvivm → dvb©, jvB‡Kv‡cvwWqvg Ges ‡nUv‡iv‡¯úvivm → †mjvwR‡bjv, ïlwb kvK|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 69
48. †KvbwU g~‡ji gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi K‡i?
K Kjv L cyw`bv DËi : M
M wgwó Avjy N euvk
e¨vL¨v : g~‡ji gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi →wgwó Avjy, Wvwjqv, kZg~jx, KvK‡ivj, cUj| WvBwbi KvK kZ Avjy cvq, WvBwb-Wvwjqv, KvK-
KvK‡ivj, Avjy-wgwó Avjy, kZ-kZg~jx, cvq-cUj|
49. ‡KvbwU KvÐ w`‡q eskwe¯Ívi K‡i?
K Wvwjqv L wcqvR DËi : L
M cUj N euvk
e¨vL¨v : Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi →Avjy, Av`v, wcqvR, mwU, IjKPz|
50. P›`ªgwjøKv Kxiƒ‡c eskwe¯Ívi K‡i?
K g~j L mvKvi DËi : L
M KÿgyKzj N cvZv
e¨vL¨v : mvKvi Gi D`vniY → euvk, P›`ªgwjøKv
51. cvZvi gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi K‡i †Kvb Dw™¢`?
K euvk L Kjv DËi : M
M cv_iKzwP N Rviæj
e¨vL¨v : cv_iKzwP cvZvi gva¨‡g eskwe¯Ívi K‡i| c †Z cvZv, c †Z cv_iKzwP|
52. eyjwej Gi D`vniY †KvbwU?
K cyw`bv L Pzcwi Avjy DËi : L
M Avbvim N g~jv
e¨vL¨v : eyjwej ev KÿgyKzj Øviv eskwe¯Ívi K‡i→ PzcwiAvjy
53. cY©KvÐ †`Lv hvq †Kvb Dw™¢‡`?
K cv_iKzwP L ‡Mvjvc DËi : M
M dwYgbmv N Rev
e¨vL¨v : dwণgbmv Dw™¢‡` cY©KvÐ m„wó nq
54. †÷vjb Øviv eske„w× N‡U †KvbwU‡Z?
K mwilv L Avgiæj kvK DËi : L
M ‡Mvjvc N Rev
e¨vL¨v : Avgiæj kv‡K †÷vjb Øviv eske„w× N‡U|
55. Aa©evqexq KvÐ Øviv eske„w× N‡U †KvbwU‡Z?
K KPz RvZxq Dw™¢` L Avg DËi : K
M mwilv N cUj
e¨vL¨v : KPz RvZxq Dw™¢‡` Aa©evqexq KvÐ Øviv eske„w× N‡U
56. A¨v‡Ûªv‡R‡bwmm N‡U †KvbwU‡Z?
K mwilv L ZvgvK DËi : L
M Avjy N Solanum
e¨vL¨v : Nicotiana tabacum (ZvgvK) G A¨v‡Ûªv‡R‡bwmm N‡U| wb‡lKwµqv Qvov ïµvYy †_‡K åY m„wói cÖwµqv‡K A¨v‡Ûªv‡R‡bwmm e‡j|
57. cv‡_©‡bvKvwc©i D`vniY †KvbwU?
K ZvgvK L ‡jey DËi : L
M Avjy N mwilv
e¨vL¨v : cv‡_©‡bvKvwc©i D`vniY- †jey, Kgjv‡jey|
70 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
58. †PvL Kjg Kiv nq †KvbwU‡Z?
K Rev L MÜivR DËi : M
M Kzj N mwilv
e¨vL¨v : Kzj eiB, †Mvjvc Dw™¢‡` †PvL Kjg Kiv nq|
59. A¨v‡cv‡¯úvwi †`Lv hvq †KvbwU‡Z?
K Allium L Hieracium DËi : L
M Solanum N Agaricus
e¨vL¨v : A¨v‡cv‡¯úvwi- Hieracium;A¨v‡cvM¨vwg- Allium
60. †KvbwU D”Pdjbkxj M‡gi RvZ?
K gy³v L MvRx DËi : N
M ‡gvwnbx N ejvKv
e¨vL¨v : Ddkx Mg- ejvKv, KvÂb, Avb›`, AvKei eiKZ, mIMvZ|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 71

GKv`k Aa¨vq
Rxe cÖhyw³
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
* RxecÖhyw³
(***) wUmy¨ KvjPvi
(***) wiKw¤^‡b›U DNA †UK‡bvjwR
(**) wRb †K¬vwbs

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. †Kvb weÁvbx me©cÖ_g Biotechnology kãwU e¨envi K‡ib?
K Hooke L Karl Ereky DËi : L
M Swanson N Flemming
e¨vL¨v : nv‡½ixq K…wl cÖ‡KŠkjx Kvj© G‡iwK ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR kãwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib| Biotechnology kãwU Biology Ges
Technology GB `yB kã Gi mgš^‡q m„wó n‡q‡Q|
2. ‡KvbwU cÖvPxbZg RxecÖhyw³?
K `B ˆZwi L A¨vj‡Kvnj ˆZwi DËi : M
M K+L N Bbmywjb ˆZwi
e¨vL¨v : `B ˆZwi, A¨vj‡Kvnj ˆZwi cÖvPxbZg RxecÖhyw³|
3. K…wl‡ÿ‡Î RxecÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM Av‡jvPbv nq †KvbwU‡Z?
K eøy ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR L wMÖb ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR DËi : L
M ‡iW I †nvqvBU ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : wMÖb ev‡qv‡UK‡bvjwR- K…wl‡ÿ‡Î RxecÖhyw³i cÖ‡qvM Av‡jvPbv K‡i| wMÖb gv‡b meyR gv‡b km¨‡ÿÎ| eøy gv‡b bxj A_©vr mgy‡`ªi
bxj cvwb gv‡b mgy`ª m¤úwK©Z|
4. DNA †K LwÐZ K‡iÑ
K jvB‡MR GbRvBg L †cÖvwU‡qR GbRvBg DËi : N
M A¨vgvB‡jR GbRvBg N †iw÷ªKkb GbRvBg
e¨vL¨v : DNA †K LwÐZ K‡i †iw÷ªKkb GbRvBg Avi DN †K †Rvov jvMvq jvB‡MR GbRvBg|
5. gv÷vi eøywcÖ›U wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i †KvbwU?
K wRb L wdsMvi wcÖ›U DËi : N
M wWGbG N wR‡bvg
e¨vL¨v : †Kvb Rxe‡Kv‡l Aew¯’Z wRb mgwó‡K H Rx‡ei wR‡bvg e‡j|
6. ‡Kvb weÁvbx UwUc‡UwÝ ÿgZvi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib?
K Altman L Hooke DËi : M
M Morgan N Karl Ereky
e¨vL¨v : Av‡gwiKvb RxeweÁvbx Morgan cÖ_g UwUc‡UwÝ ÿgZvi aviYv †`b|
7. wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Rb¨ gvZ… Dw™¢` †_‡K c„_KxK…Z Ask‡K wK e‡j?
K AYyPviv L G·cøv›U DËi : L
M ‡mM‡g›U N ce©
e¨vL¨v : wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Rb¨ gvZ…Dw™¢` †_‡K c„_KxK…Z Ask‡K G·cøv›U e‡j|
72 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
8. wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii RbK †K?
K Morgan L Haberlandt DËi : L
M Hooke N White
e¨vL¨v : Rvg©vb Dw™¢`weÁvbx Haberlandt wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii RbK|
9. wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ bq †KvbwU?
K wbw³ L A‡Uv‡K¬f DËi : N
M P wgUvi N Avjwcb
H

e¨vL¨v : wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ- wbw³, Iqvwks ev‡KU, PH wgUvi, A‡Uv‡K¬f, mvKvi|
10. e¨vmvj wgwWqv‡gi PH KZ?
K 3.5 – 5.5 L 5.5 – 5.8 DËi : L
M 7.4 – 7.8 N7–9
e¨vL¨v : e¨vmvj wgwWqv‡gi P 5.5 – 5.8
H

11. Avev` gva¨g‡K Nb Ki‡Z †Kvb Dcv`vb †gkv‡bv nq?

K A¨vMvi L m¨vKvwib DËi : K
M েকাজ N myK‡ivR
e¨vL¨v : Avev` gva¨g‡K Nb Ki‡Z RgvU evavi Dcv`vb A¨vMvi †gkv‡bv nq|
12. A‡Uv‡K¬f h‡š¿ ZvcgvÎv KZ?
0 0
K 120 F L 121 F DËi : M
0 0
M 121 C N 100 C
e¨vL¨v : A‡Uv‡K¬f h‡š¿ ZvcgvÎv- 1210C|
13. wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Aci bvg wK?
K In-vitro culture L In vivo culture DËi : K
M Multi culture N None
e¨vL¨v : wUmy¨ KvjPv‡ii Aci bvg- In vitro culture.Vitro gv‡b Kuv‡Pi cvÎ| KuvPcvÎ/ †U÷wUD‡ei g‡a¨ GUv Kiv nq ZvB G‡K In vitro
culture ejv nq|
14. wgwWqv‡g G·cøv›U ¯’vc‡bi ci Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv KZ ivL‡Z n‡e?
K 15-20% L 70-75% DËi : L
M 2-4% N 20-25%
e¨vL¨v : wgwWqv‡gi wUmy¨ ¯’vcbKv‡j Av.Av`ª©Zv 70-75%ivL‡Z n‡e|
15. G·cøv›U wgwWqv‡g ¯’vc‡bi ci Av‡jv I Zvc wbqwš¿Z K‡i ivL‡j †h Aeqenxb Aweb¨¯Í wUmy¨ ¸”Q m„wó nq, Zv‡K e‡jÑ
K †gwi‡÷g L K¨vjvm DËi : L
M åæb N mvBqb
e¨vL¨v : Aeqenxb Aweb¨¯Í wUmy¨ ¸”Q‡K K¨vjvm e‡j|
16. ‡Kvb Dw™¢‡`i exR Drcv`b m¤¢e bq?
K _yRv L mvMi Kjv DËi : M
M K+L N Avg
e¨vL¨v : _yRv, mvMiKjv Dw™¢‡` exR Drcv`b m¤¢e bq|
17. ‡gwi‡÷g KvjPv‡ii myweav wK?
K †ivMgy³ Pviv Drcv`b L Kg Pviv ˆZwi DËi : K
M In vivo technology N K…wÎg cÖRbb Kiv hvq bv
e¨vL¨v : ‡ivMgy³ Pviv Drcv`b †gwi‡÷g KvjPv‡ii myweav|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 73
18. `ywU Dw™¢‡`i ïay mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wgj‡bi d‡j m„ó Dw™¢`‡K wK e‡j?
K nvBweªW L mvBweªW DËi : L
M ‡gwi‡÷g N g‡bvweªW
e¨vL¨v : `ywU Dw™¢‡`i ïay mvB‡UvcøvR‡gi wgj‡bi d‡j m„ó Dw™¢`‡K mvBweªW e‡j|
19. Avjy I U‡g‡Uv Dw™¢‡`i †cÖv‡Uvcøv÷wdDkb K‡i m„ó bZzb Dw™¢`‡K ejv nqÑ
K Avgv‡Uv L †cvg¨v‡Uv DËi : L
M Wwj N ¸qvb-18
e¨vL¨v : wi‡cÖvWvKwUf †K¬vwbs cÖwµqvq ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q Wwj bvgK †fov| Avjy - Potato, U‡g‡Uv - Tomato; `ywU wgwj‡q bvg Pomato|
20. †KvbwU A¨v‡Ûªv‡RwbK n¨vcø‡qW av‡bi RvZ?
K Ginghua-I L Guan-18 DËi : L
M Vostok-2 N Mohini-4
e¨vL¨v : ¸qvb-18- A¨v‡Ûªv‡RwbK n¨vcø‡qW Rv‡Zi avb| AdhI Mg- †mvgv‡K¬vbvj f¨vwi‡qkb Gi D`vniY|
21. †KvbwU KvV Drcv`bKvix Dw™¢‡`i D`vniY?
K wjwj L MøvwWIjvm DËi : M
M eKdzj N Kv‡b©kvb
e¨vL¨v : KvV Drcv`bKvix MvQ- K`g, Rviæj, Bwcj-Bwcj, eKdzj
22. ‡KvbwU †Mvj Avjyi †ivMgy³ exR?
K gvB‡µvwUDevi L ‡gwi‡÷g DËi : K
M K¨vjvm N åæb
e¨vL¨v : ‡Mvj Avjyi †ivMgy³ exR gvB‡µvwUDevi|
23. cÖ_g Genetic engineering kãwU †Kvb weÁvbx e¨envi K‡ib?
K Hooke L Karl Ereky DËi : N
M Morgan N Jack Williamson
e¨vL¨v : 1951 mv‡j Jack Williamson Genetic engineering kãwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib|
24. cøvRwg‡Wi msL¨v †Kvl cÖwZ KZ n‡Z cv‡i?
K 1-10 L 2-50 DËi : N
M 3-30 N 1-1000
e¨vL¨v : cøvRwg‡Wi msL¨v †Kvl cÖwZ 1-1000 ch©šÍ n‡Z cv‡i|
25. cøvRwg‡Wi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU fzj?
K wØm~ÎK DNA L AvbweK fi = 10 – 200 × 10 dalton DËi : M
6 6

M ‡ewk msL¨K wRb aviY K‡i N Abywjcb N‡U

e¨vL¨v : cøvRwgW- Kg msL¨K wRb aviY K‡i, Abywjcb nq,wØm~ÎK DNA & AvbweK fi 106 – 200 × 106 dalton|
26. †Kvb cøvRwg‡W A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZvm¤úbœ wRb _v‡K?
K F Ges F`cøvRwgW L R cøvRwgW DËi : L
M ‡Kvj cøvRwgW N mvaviY cøvRwgW
e¨vL¨v : R cøvRwg‡W A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK ÿgZvm¤úbœ wRb _v‡K| GwU 6wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK cÖwZ‡iva ÿgZvm¤úbœ| R gv‡b
Resistance gv‡b A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK‡K Resist ev cÖwZ‡iva K‡i|
27. AvYweK KuvwP †KvbwU‡K ejv nq?
K jvB‡MR L ‡iw÷ªKkb DËi : L
M KvB‡bR N K¨vUv‡jR
e¨vL¨v : Biological knife (AvYweK KuvwP) = †iw÷ªKkb GbRvBg|
74 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
28. wfweªIwmb †KvbwU‡K aŸsm K‡i †`q?
K E.coli L Vibrio cholerae DËi : L
M Agrobacterium N Bacillus
e¨vL¨v : †Kvwjwmb GK ai‡bi †cÖvwUb hv ms‡e`bkxj E.coli †Kvl‡K aŸsm Ki‡Z cv‡i|
29. wiKw¤^‡b›U DNA Kvw•LZ wRb enb Ki‡Q wKbv Zv kbv³ Kivi Dcvq bq †KvbwU?
K PCR c×wZ L Genetic Probe DËi : N
M Restriction digestion N Electroporation
e¨vL¨v : Recombinant DNA ‡Z Kvw•LZ wRb kYv³KiY c×wZ- 1. PCR c×wZ 2. Restriction digestion3. Genetic Probe
30. †Kv‡bv Rx‡ei ûeû Kwc Kiv ev msL¨ve„w× Kiv‡K wK e‡j?
K gvB‡µv‡cÖvcv‡Mkb L ‡K¬vwbs DËi : L
M mvBweªW N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : †Kvb Rx‡ei ûeû Kwc Kiv ev msL¨ve„w× Kiv‡K †K¬vwbs ejv nq|
31. Wwj bvgK †fovi Rb¥ †Kvb †K¬vwbs Gi D`vniY?
K DNA †K¬vwbs L wi‡cÖvWvw±f †K¬vwbs DËi : L
M wRb †K¬vwbs N †gwi‡÷g‡K¬vwbs
e¨vL¨v : Wwji Rb¥ wi‡cÖvWvw±f †K¬vwbs Gi D`vniY|
32. K¨vÝvi I fvBivmRwbZ msµg‡Yi wPwKrmvq e¨envi Kiv nq †KvbwU?
K Bbmywjb L wnD‡gb BD‡ivKvB‡bR DËi : M
M B›Uvi‡dib N †mvgv‡Uv÷¨vwUb
e¨vL¨v : Wvqv‡ewUm wPwKrmvq Bbmywjb e¨eüZ nq|
33. wb‡Pi †KvbwU B›Uvi‡di‡bi evwYwR¨K bvg?
K Rotarix L Betaferon DËi : L
M Rabies vaccine N EPO
e¨vL¨v : B›Uvi‡dib K¨vÝvi †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq e¨eüZ nq|
34. ‡KvbwU jeYv³Zv mwnòz RvZ?
K cxbvU L Bt. Cotton DËi : K
M †cvg¨v‡Uv N †gvwnbx
e¨vL¨v : cxbvU-jeYv³Zv mwnòz dmj|
35. eZ©gv‡b KZwU Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ‡Z Uªv݇RwbK cÖwµqvi mdj cÖ‡qvM m¤¢e n‡q‡Q?
K 54 L 60 DËi : L
M 45 N 40
e¨vL¨v : eZ©gvb ch©šÍ cÖvq 60wU D”P‡kÖwYi Dw™¢` cÖRvwZ‡Z Uªv݇RwbK cÖwµqv mdjfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
36. †fovi DbœZgv‡bi †jv‡gi Rb¨ †Kvb cywó Dcv`vb `vqx?
K bvB‡cÖv‡Rb L Aw·‡Rb DËi : M
M mvjdvi N cUvwkqvg
e¨vL¨v : †fovi DbœZgv‡bi †jv‡gi Rb¨ mvjdvi `vqx|
37. æGolden rice” ˆZwi nq †Kvb Rv‡Zi avb †_‡K?
K Japonica type L Allium type DËi : K
M Oryza type N None
e¨vL¨v : Japonica type avb n‡Z Super rice/Golden Rice ˆZwi nq|
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 75
38. mycvi ivBm ˆZwi‡Z, W¨v‡dvwWj †_‡K Avqib ˆZwii KZwU wRb ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv n‡q‡Q?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : mycvi ivBm ˆZwi‡Z K¨v‡ivwUb Gi 4wU wRb, Avqib ˆZwii 3wU wRb ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv nq|
39. †Kvb c`v‡_©i Rb¨ †RvbvwK †cvKv Av‡jvi we”QziY NUvq?
K cvBwi‡bvR L jvB‡Kwbb DËi : M
M jywm‡dwib N ‡d‡ivgb
e¨vL¨v : jywm‡dwib c`v‡_©i ÿi‡Yi gva¨‡g †RvbvwK †cvKv Av‡jvi we”QziY NUvq|
40. bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mse×bKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z †Kvb wRb _v‡K?
K Ab‡Kv wRb L UªvÝ wRb DËi : M
M wbd wRb N mycvi wRb
e¨vL¨v : evqexq N2 mseÜbKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv‡Z wbd wRb _v‡K| b †Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, b †Z wbd|
41. Aw·WvBwRs AYyRxe bq †KvbwU?
K Pseudomonas L streptococcus DËi : L
M Nocardia N Mycobacteria
e¨vL¨v : wmD‡qR cwi‡kvab Ki‡Z GKwU‡f‡UW ¯ø¨vR c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ e¨vK‡Uwiqvg n‡jv Zooglea ramigera.
42. †KvbwU cwi‡ekevÜe ÿwZKi cZ½ wbqš¿Y c×wZ?
K Insecticide L SIT DËi : L
M Electroporation N Sterilization
e¨vL¨v : SIT = Sterile Insect Technique n‡jv cwi‡ekevÜe ÿwZKi cZ½ wbqš¿Y c×wZ|
43. Bt- ‡e¸‡b †Kvb wRb AšÍf³ z© Kiv nq?
K wbd wRb L wµ÷vj †cÖvwUb wRb DËi : L
M UªvÝ wRb N Ab‡Kv wRb
e¨vL¨v : Bt- ‡e¸‡b wµ÷vj †cÖvwUb wRb AšÍf³ z© Kiv n‡q‡Q|
44. gvby‡li †`‡ni cÖwZwU †Kvl KZ ch©šÍ Kg©ÿg wRb aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i?
K 25000 L 3500 DËi : K
M 30,000 N 2০০০
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li †`‡ni cÖwZwU †Kvl 25000 ch©šÍ Kg©ÿg wRb aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
45. Bbmywjb KZwU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW wb‡q MwVZ?
K 21wU L 30 DËi : M
M 51 N 60
e¨vL¨v : Bbmywjb 51wU A¨vwg‡bv GwmW wb‡q MwVZ-
‡PBb- A = 21wU
‡PBb- B = 30wU
46. gvbe DNA †Z KZ b¤^i †µv‡gv‡সv‡g Bbmywjb ˆZwii wRb _v‡K?
K2 L 16 DËi : M
M 11 N7
e¨vL¨v : 11 b¤^i †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi Lv‡Uv evûi DNA Gi kx‡l© Bbmywjb ˆZwii wRb _v‡K|
47. Bbmywjb me©cÖ_g wK bv‡g evRviRvZ nq?
K B›Uvi‡dib L wUDweDwjb DËi : M
M wnDgywjb N None
e¨vL¨v : 1982 mv‡j Bbmywjb me©cÖ_g wnDgywjb bv‡g evRviRvZ nq|
76 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
48. cøvRwg‡bv‡Rb‡K mwµq Ae¯’vq Avb‡Z †KvbwU `iKvi?
K Bbmywjb L B›Uvi‡dib DËi : M
M wUmy¨ cøvRwg‡bv‡Rb A¨vKwU‡fUi N †÷ªc‡UvKvB‡bR
e¨vL¨v : †÷ªc‡UvKvB‡bR GbRvBg w`‡q RgvU euvavi i³ Mwj‡q †`qv hvq|
49. †KvbwU cÖwZiÿvg~jK †cÖvwUb?
K wn‡÷vb L ‡cÖvUvwgb DËi : M
M B›Uvi‡dib N A¨vjeywgb
e¨vL¨v : B›Uvi‡dib cÖwZiÿvg~jK †cÖvwUb|
50. †Kvb †iv‡Mi wPwKrmvq B›Uvi‡dib Kvh©Ki bq?
K ‡ncvUvBwUm B L RjvZ¼ DËi : N
M c¨vwc‡jvgv N Avgvkq
e¨vL¨v : B›Uvi‡dib Kvh©Kix f~wgKv iv‡L- †ncvUvBwUm- B, nvwc©m, c¨vwc‡jvgv, RjvZ‡¼i †ÿ‡Î| B›Uvi‡dib fvBivm Ges K¨vÝv‡ii
weiæ‡× cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zz‡j| Avgvkq e¨vK‡Uwiqv w`‡q nq ZvB Avgvk‡qi weiæ‡× Kvh©Ki bq|
51. †Kvb GbRvBg RgvU i³ Mjv‡Z cv‡i?
K Lipase L Streptokinase DËi : L
M Ligase N Tripsin
e¨vL¨v : 1970 mv‡j e¨vK‡Uwiqv †_‡K Streptokinase GbRvBg Avwe®‹…Z nq, hv RgvU i³ Mjv‡Z cv‡i|
52. Gwi‡_ªv‡cv‡qwUb ni‡gvb †Kv_vq ˆZwi nq?
K wKWwb L wjfvi DËi : K
M dzmdzm N cvK¯’jx
e¨vL¨v : wKWwb †_‡K Gwi‡_ªv‡cv‡qwUb ni‡gvb ˆZwi nq|
53. Spider silk ‡KvbwU †_‡K Drcv`b n‡”Q?
K GMO QvM‡ji `ya L ZvgvK DËi : K
M Kzmyg dzj N Zzjv
e¨vL¨v : GMO QvM‡ji `ya †_‡K Spider silk Drcv`b n‡”Q|
54. wR‡bvg wm‡Kv‡qwÝs Gi cÖe©ZK †K?
K Dr.Ingo Potrykus L Morgan DËi : N
M Karl Ereky N Dr. F. sanger
e¨vL¨v : wR‡bvg wm‡Kv‡qwÝs Gi cÖe©ZK Dr.F. Sanger.
55. GKwU‡f‡UW ¯ø¨vR c×wZ‡Z †Kvb e¨vK‡Uwiqv e¨eüZ nq?
K Micrococcus L Bacillus DËi : M
M Zooglea ramigera N Vibrio
e¨vL¨v : GKwU‡f‡UW ¯ø¨vR c×wZ‡Z A¨v‡ikb U¨vs‡K Zooglea ramigera e¨vK‡Uwiqv e¨eüZ nq|
56. †Kvb evsjv‡`wk weÁvbx cv‡Ui Rxebinm¨ D‡b¥vPb K‡ib?
K W. Rvdiæjøvn †PŠayix L W. gvKmy`yj Avjg DËi : L
M W. d‡qR wmwÏKx N W. gynv¤§` BDb~m
e¨vL¨v : W. gvKmy`yj Avjg †Zvlv cv‡Ui (Corchorus olitorius) Rxebinm¨ D‡b¥vPb K‡ib|
57. cv‡Ui †em†cqvi KZwU?
K 4 †KvwU L 20 †KvwU DËi : M
M 120 †KvwU N 5 †KvwU
e¨vL¨v : cv‡Ui †em‡cqvi 120 †KvwU
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 77
58. E.coli ‡Z †µv‡gv‡Rvg msL¨v KZwU?
K1 L 10 DËi : K
M 16 N 46
e¨vL¨v : E coli ‡Z †µv‡gv‡mvg 1wU; yeast G 16wU;gvby‡l 46wU|
59. gvby‡li †em‡cqvi KZ wewjqb?
K 1.2 L 3.2 DËi : L
M 50 N 40
e¨vL¨v : gvby‡li †em‡cqvi 3.2 wewjqb|
60. †Kvb weÁvbx cÖ_g cøvRwg‡Wi mÜb cvb?
K Haberlandt L Laderberg DËi : L
M Kary Mullis N Peter
e¨vL¨v : 1952 mv‡j Laderberg me©cÖ_g cøvRwg‡Wi mÜvb cvb|
78 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ

Øv`k Aa¨vq
Rx‡ei cwi‡ek we¯Ívi I msiÿY
†gwW‡Kj mv‡Rkb :
†gwW‡Kj GWwgk‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb mv‡Rkb nq bv, Gic‡iI wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv †_‡K †ewk cÖkœ G‡m‡Q AZx‡Z †h¸‡jv Avgiv we‡kølY
K‡iwQ|ZvB eyw×gvb †Q‡j‡g‡q hviv PvÝ cvIqvi †`Š‡o GwM‡q _vK‡Z PvI Zviv GB wb‡Pi UwcK¸‡jv Av‡M fv‡jvg‡Zv Abykxjb
Ki‡e|Zvici evwK Ask †`L‡e|
5*UwcK
cÖvwY‡fŠ‡MvwjK A‡ji QK, Iwi‡q›Uvj AÂj, evsjv‡`‡ki ebv‡ji cÖavb Dw™¢`¸‡jvi bvg I ˆeÁvwbK bvg, ebv‡ji ˆewkó¨, ev¯‘Zš¿,
B‡KvjwRK¨vj wcivwgW, wejyß cÖvYx¸‡jvi ˆeÁvwbK bvg, Bb-wmUz I G·-wmUzi cv_©K¨, RjR,giæR, †jvbvgvwUi I g¨vb‡MÖvf A‡ji ˆewkó¨|

eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ I DËi :

1. †Zvlvcv‡Ui ˆeÁvwbK bvg wK?
K Corchorus capsularis L Corchorus olitorius DËi : L
M C. saularis N Artocarpus heterophyllus
e¨vL¨v : ‡Zvlv cvU- Corchorus olitorius & mv`v cvU- Corchorus capsularis
2. cÖRvwZi ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K evwn¨K বিশে me©vwaK wgjm¤úbœ
L ‰ewk‡ó¨i wbiwew”QbœZv
M GKB c~e©cyiæl †_‡K D™¢zZ
N wfbœ cÖRvwZi Rx‡ei mv‡_ B›UviweªW K‡i De©i mšÍvb Drcv`‡b mÿg DËi : N
e¨vL¨v : GKB cÖRvwZi Rx‡ei g‡a¨ B›UviweªW K‡i De©i mšÍvb Drcv`‡b mÿg wKš‘ wfbœ cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ Zv m¤¢e nqbv|
3. †Kvb weÁvbx ‘Ecology’ kãwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib?
K Karl Ereky L Morgan DËi : M
M H. Reiter N Laderberg
e¨vL¨v : 1885 mv‡j H. Reiter me©cÖ_g Ecology kãwU e¨envi K‡ib|
4. eZ©gv‡b c„w_ex‡Z ‰kev‡ji eY©bvK…Z cÖRvwZi msL¨v KZ?
K 40,000 L 2,00,000 DËi : K
M 650 N 2000
e¨vL¨v : c„w_ex‡Z ˆkev‡ji eY©bvK…Z cÖRvwZ 40,000; AbywgZ cÖRvwZ 2,00,000|
5. c„w_ex‡Z wRg‡bv¯úvg© Gi AbywgZ cÖRvwZi msL¨v KZ?
K 700 L5 DËi : M
M 650 N 7000
e¨vL¨v : c„w_ex‡Z wRg‡bv¯úvg© Gi eY©bvK…Z I AbywgZ cÖRvwZi msL¨v 650wU|
6. evsjv‡`‡k e¨vK‡Uwiqvi KZwU cÖRvwZ Av‡Q?
K 170 L 275 DËi : M
M 171 N5
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k e¨vK‡Uwiqvi cÖRvwZ- 171wU
QÎvK- 275wU
ˆkevj- 2245
eªv‡qvdvBUv- 248
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 79
7. †fŠZ cwi‡e‡ki Ask bq †KvbwU?
K evqygÛj L evwigÛj DËi : M
M ZvcgÛj N Ak¥gÛj
e¨vL¨v : †fŠZ cwi‡e‡ki Ask- evqygÛj, evwigÛj, Ak¥gÛj|
8. ccy‡jk‡bi ˆewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K Rb¥-g„Zz¨i nvi L NbZ¡/we¯Ívi DËi : N
M eq‡mi eÈb N gv_vwcQz Avq
e¨vL¨v : ccy‡jk‡bi ˆewkó¨:
- NbZ¡/we¯Ívi
- Rb¥-g„Zz¨i nvi
- eq‡mi eÈb
- msL¨ve„w× kw³
- mxwgZKiY kw³
- eq‡mi eÈb
- Rxe‡Mvôxi fvimvg¨
- Rxe‡Mvôxi e„w×
9. †KvbwU Rxem¤úª`v‡qi ˆewkó¨ bq?
K ¯Íiweb¨vm L AvwacZ¨ DËi : N
M µgvMgb N NbZ¡/we¯Ívi
e¨vL¨v : Rxe m¤úª`v‡qi ˆewkó¨ :
- cÖRvwZi wewfbœZv
- AvwacZ¨
- ¯Íiweb¨vm
- µgvMgb
- e„w×i aiY I MVb
- Lv`¨ ¯Íi MVb I cywói ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©Zv
- mg‡qi mv‡_ m¤úª`v‡qi cwieZ©b
10. Z…YRvZxq Dw™¢` †Kvb ¯Í‡i _v‡K?
K Uªv݇MÖwmf ¯Íi L Ifvi‡÷vwi DËi : N
M AvÛvi‡÷vwi N Pviv¯Íi
e¨vL¨v : Pviv¯Í‡i eo e„‡ÿi Pviv I Z…YRvZxq Dw™¢` _v‡K|
11. ¯’j B‡Kvwm‡÷‡g cywó Dcv`vb mÂq K‡i ivLvi ¯’vb bq †KvbwU?
K ev‡qvgvm L wjUvi DËi : N
M gvwU N cvwb
e¨vL¨v : ¯’j B‡Kvwm‡÷‡g cywó Dcv`vb mÂq K‡i ivLvi ¯’vb 3wU| h_v : 1. ev‡qvgvm, 2. wjUvi, 3. gvwU|
ev‡qvgvm
↑
evwj I gvwU
↓
wjUvi
80 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
12. †KvbwU Drcv`K?
K gjvgvQ L cyclops DËi : N
M Daphnia N Spirulina
e¨vL¨v : Drcv`K- Spirulina, Eudorina,Pandorina (wjbv/wibv)
†m‡KÛvwi Lv`K- gjvgvQ
RyIcøv¼Ub Ñ Cyclops, Cypris, Daphnia
13. †evqvj gvQ †Kvb †kÖwYi Lv`K?
K Primary L Secondary DËi : M
M Tertiary N Omnivorus
e¨vL¨v : gvbyl- me©fzK
†evqvj gvQ- Uviwkqvix Lv`K
14. B‡KvjwRK¨vj wcivwgW Gi AšÍf³ z© bq †KvbwU?
K msL¨v wcivwgW L kw³ wcivwgW DËi : N
M ev‡qvgvm wcivwgW N Lv`¨ MÖnY wcivwgW
e¨vL¨v : B‡KvjwRK¨vj wcivwgW 3 iK‡gi-
- msL¨vi wcivwgW
- kw³i wcivwgW
- Rxe fi ev ev‡qvgvm Gi wcivwgW|
15. †mŠi kw³i KZ fvM mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y Ave× nq?
K 0.05% L 0.01% DËi : L
M 0.02% N 100%
e¨vL¨v : m~h© †_‡K AvMZ Av‡jvKkw³i gvÎ 0.01% kw³ mv‡jvKms‡køl‡Y Ave× nq|
16. ev¯‘Z‡š¿ kw³i cÖevn †Kgb?
K GKgyLx L wØgyLx DËi : K
M eûgyLx N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : ev¯‘Z‡š¿ kw³i cÖevn GKgyLx| †mŠikw³ → Drcv`K → Lv`K →we‡qvRK|
17. Ôkw³ cÖev‡ni `kgvsk wbqgÕ Gi cÖe³v †K?
K Haberlandt L Laderberg DËi : M
M Lindenmann N Morgan
e¨vL¨v : kw³ cÖev‡ni `kgvsk wbqg - G gZev‡`i cÖe³v Lindenmann( 1942)
18. †KvbwU g~jve× wbgw¾Z RjR Dw™¢`?
K KPzwicvbv L nvBwWªjv DËi : L
M ÿzw`cvbv N kvcjv
e¨vL¨v : gy³ fvmgvb RjR Dw™¢` → KPzwicvbv, ÿzw`cvbv, Muywocvbv, gymvKvwbcvbv, †Uvcvcvbv, KzwZcvbv (me cvbv)
g~jve× cvwb‡Z wbgw¾Z RjR Dw™¢` → nvBwWªjv, cvZv †kIjv, cvZvSuvwS, k¨vgv Kjv, wmiv‡UvdvBjvg
n¨v wbg cvZvB †miv|
n¨v-nvBwWªjv|
wbg - g~jve× wbgw¾Z RjR Dw™¢`
cvZv Ñ cvZv †kIjv, cvZv SuvwS
†miv - wmiv‡UvdvBjvg
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 81
19. †KvbwU gy³ fvmgvb RjR Dw™¢`?
K cvZv‡kIjv L wmiv‡UvdvBjvg DËi : M
M ÿzw`cvbv N k¨vgv Kjv
e¨vL¨v : gy³ fvmgvb RjR Dw™¢` → KPzwicvbv, ÿzw`cvbv, †Uvcv cvbv BZ¨vw`|
20. †KvbwU DfPi Dw™¢`?
K nvBwWªjv L wmiv‡UvdvBjvg DËi : M
M ‡n‡jÂv N ÿzw`cvbv
e¨vL¨v : DfPi Dw™¢` → KjwgjZv, †n‡jÂv, †Kki`vg|
21. †Kvb Dw™¢‡`i g~j †bB?
K Nymphaea L Corchorus DËi : M
M Wolffia N Mangifera
e¨vL¨v : Muywocvbv (Wolffia) Dw™¢‡` g~j †bB|
22. giæ A‡j evrmwiK e„wócvZ KZ †m.wg?
K 10 †m.wg. L 25 †m.wg. DËi : L
M 20 †m.wg. N 50 †m.wg.
e¨vL¨v : giæ A‡j evrmwiK e„wócvZ 25 cm/ 10 inch.
23. †KvbwU giæR Dw™¢` bq?
K ‡LRyi L kZg~jx DËi : N
M AvK›` N _vbKzwb
e¨vL¨v : giæR Dw™¢` → †LRyi, kZg~jx, AvK›`, N„ZKzgvwi, Kiex, dwYgbmv, cv_iKzwP|
24. †KvbwU n¨v‡jvdvBU?
K †LRyi L Mivb DËi : L
M kZgyLx N ‡n‡jÂv
e¨vL¨v : n¨v‡jvdvBU /jeYv³ Dw™¢`→ †MIqv, Mivb, KuvKov, evBb, †eviv, †KIov, cïi, †MvjcvZv| Halo → jeY|
25. †KvbwU †g‡mvdvBU?
K Mivb L ‡LRyi DËi : M
M Avg N kvcjv
e¨vL¨v : ‡g‡mvdvBU- Avg, Rvg, KvVvj, †m¸b, wjPz|
26. †jvbvgvwUi Dw™¢‡`i ˆewkó bq †KvbwU?
K †Vmg~j L k¦vmg~j DËi : N
M eo evqyKzVzwi N g~jR A¼z‡iv`Mg
e¨vL¨v : n¨v‡jvdvBU/ †jvbv gvwUi Dw™¢`‡`i ˆewkó¨- RivqyR A¼z‡iv`Mg, eo evqyKzVzwi, k¦vmg~j, †Vmg~j BZ¨vw`|
27. ev‡qvg cÖavbZ KZ fv‡M wef³?
K2 L3 DËi : K
M4 N5
e¨vL¨v : ev‡qvg 2 fv‡M wef³- ¯’jR ev‡qvg, RjR ev‡qvg
28. †Kvb ev‡qv‡gi gvwU wnDgvm mg„×?
K mvfvbv ev‡qvg L Zz›`ªv ev‡qvg DËi : M
M Z…Yf~wgi ev‡qvg N giæf~wg ev‡qvg
e¨vL¨v : Z…Yf~wgi ev‡qv‡gi gvwU wnDgvm mg„×
82 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
29. gm I jvB‡Kb †Kvb ev‡qv‡gi cÖavb Dw™¢`?
K mvfvbv L Zz›`ªv DËi : L
M Z…Yf~wg N giæf~wg
e¨vL¨v : Zz›`ªv ev‡qv‡gi cÖavb Dw™¢`- gm I jvB‡Kb; GwU eidve„Z AÂj|
30. c„w_exi dzmdzm ejv nq †KvbwU‡K?
K my›`ieb L AvgvRb †iBb d‡i÷ DËi : L
M Avwd«Kvb eb N Kwbdvi d‡i÷
e¨vL¨v : AvgvRb †iBb d‡i÷- c„w_exi dzmdzm; we‡k¦i †gvU 20% O2 G eb †_‡K wbM©Z nq|
31. cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I wm‡j‡Ui eb †Kgb?
K Uªwc‡Kj †iBb d‡i÷ L UªwcK¨vj wmRbvj d‡i÷ DËi : L
M Kwbdvi d‡i÷ N g¨vb‡MÖvf d‡i÷
e¨vL¨v : UªwcK¨vj wmRbvj d‡i÷- cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg I wm‡j‡Ui eb, evg©vi †m¸beb|
32. evsjv‡`‡ki kvjeb †KvbwUi AšÍM©Z?
K g¨vb‡MÖvf eb L Kwbdvi eb DËi : N
M UªwcK¨vj †iBb d‡i÷ N মেয় †WwmWzqvm d‡i÷
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki kvjeb g‡q÷ †WwmWzqvm d‡i÷|
33. Mfxi n«`¸‡jv Avbyf~wgK KZwU A‡j wef³?
K2 L3 DËi : L
M4 N 5wU
e¨vL¨v : Mfxi n«`¸‡jv Avbyf~wgK 3wU A‡j wef³- 1. †ejv AÂj, 2. AMfxi AÂj, 3. Mfxi AÂj|
34. Wjwdb, nv½i †Kvb A‡j _v‡K?
K Movb AÂj L †ebw_K AÂj DËi : M
M †cjvwRK AÂj N Gwemvj AÂj
e¨vL¨v : ‡cjvwRK AÂj- wZwg, nv½i, Wjwdb, bvbv ai‡bi gvQ|
†ebw_K AÂj- QÎvK, wm-÷vi, mvgyw`ªK AvMvQv, e¨vK‡Uwiqv|
35. c„w_ex‡K KZwU cÖvwY †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡j wef³ Kiv nq?
K2 L4 DËi : M
M6 N8
e¨vL¨v : 1857 mv‡j weÁvbx sciater c„w_ex‡K 6wU cÖvwY †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡j wef³ K‡ib|
36. IivsIUvs †Kvb A‡ji cÖvYx?
K Iwi‡q›Uvj L Bw_Iwcqvb DËi : K
M wbAvK©wUK N wbIUªwcK¨vj AÂj
e¨vL¨v : IivsIUvs- Iwi‡q›Uvj A‡ji cÖvYx। GQvov ev`yo, fvjøyK, ¸Bmvc, eøyevW©, Uvwci BZ¨vw` GB A‡ji cÖvYx|
37. evsjv‡`k †Kvb cÖvwY †fŠ‡MvwjK A‡j Aew¯’Z?
K Bw_Iwcqvb L c¨vwjAvK©wUK DËi : N
M wbAvK©wUK N Iwi‡q›Uvj
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`k Iwi‡q›Uvj A‡ji AšÍM©Z|
38. Iwi‡q›Uvj A‡j evrmwiK Mo e„wócvZ KZ?
K 120 cm L 180 cm DËi : M
M 150 cm N 100 cm
e¨vL¨v : Iwi‡q›Uvj A‡j evrmwiK Mo e„wócvZ 150 cm
 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ 83
39. wm‡jwU KvwQ‡gi ˆeÁvwbK bvg wK?
K Labeorohita L Badis badis DËi : N
M Rana daniel N Kachuga sylhetensis
e¨vL¨v : wm‡jwU KvwQg- Kachuga sylhetensis
bvwcZ KB - Badis badis
40. ivZvi¸j Rjveb †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z?
K PÆMÖvg L wm‡jU DËi : L
M gqgbwmsn N iscyi
e¨vL¨v : ivZvi¸j Rjveb wm‡j‡U Aew¯’Z|
41. eb¨ †Mvjv‡ci ˆeÁvwbK bvg wK?
K Rosa sinensis L Nipa fruticans DËi : M
M Rosa involucrata N Asparagus racemosus
e¨vL¨v : eb¨ †Mvjvc- Rosa involucrata
†MvjcvZv - Nipa fruticans
kZg~jx - Asparagus racemosus
42. kvje‡bi g~j e„ÿ wK?
K kvj L ‡MIqv DËi : K
M Mivb N ‡KIov
e¨vL¨v : kvje‡bi Aci bvg MRvwi eb,Gi g~j e„ÿ kvj|
43. my›`ie‡bi KZ fvM evsjv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z?
K 28% L 62% DËi : L
M 33% N 78%
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡k my›`ie‡bi 62% Aew¯’Z|
44. Ômy›`ixÕ Mv‡Qi ˆeÁvwbK bvg wK?
K Nipa fruticans L Heritiera fomes DËi : L
M Phoenix paludosa N Macaca mulatta
e¨vL¨v : ‡MvjcvZv- Nipa fruticans; my›`ix- Heritiera fomes
45. UNESCO my›`ieb‡K World Heritage site ‡NvlYv K‡i KZ mv‡j?
K 1988 L 1999 DËi : L
M 1980 N 2000
e¨vL¨v : UNESCO my›`ieb‡K World Heritage site ‡NvlYv K‡i 1999 mv‡j, ZvwjKvfzw³ K‡i 1997 mv‡j|
46. †KvbwU wejyßcÖvq Dw™¢`?
K Zvwjcvg L ZvjMvQ DËi : K
M eiB MvQ N kvjMvQ
e¨vL¨v : wejyß cÖvq Dw™¢`- Zvwjcvg, ÿz‡` eojv, gwjøKv SvwS, †ivU¨vjv|
47. †KvbwU wejyßcÖvq cÖvYx bq?
K ivRkKzb L bxjMvB DËi : N
M ebiæB N evbi
e¨vL¨v : wejyßcÖvq cÖvYx- ivRkKzb, Nwoqvj, wgVvcvwbi Kzwgi, bxjMvB,ebiæB
48. eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ eQ‡i Rxe cÖRvwZi wejy‡ßi nvi KZ?
K 1% L 0.05% DËi : M
M 0.5% N 5%
e¨vL¨v : eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ eQ‡i Rxe cÖRvwZi wejy‡ßi nvi 0.5%|
49. †Kvb weÁvbx ‘Biodiversity’ kãwU cÖ_g e¨envi K‡ib?
K Morgan L Altman DËi : N
M Hooke N W.G. Rosen
e¨vL¨v : W.G. Rosen cÖ_g Biodiversity kãwU e¨envi K‡ib|
84 RxeweÁvb cÖ_g cÎ
50. eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ wgwb‡U KZ GKi evm¯’vb aŸsm n‡”Q?
K 10 GKi L 30 GKi DËi : M
M 50 GKi N 60 Gki
e¨vL¨v : eZ©gv‡b cÖwZ wgwb‡U 50 GKi evm¯’vb aŸsm n‡”Q|
51. †KvbwU Bb-wmUz msiÿY c×wZ?
K mvdvwi cvK© L exR e¨vsK DËi : K
M wRb e¨vsK N wPwoqvLvbv
e¨vL¨v : Bb-wmUz msiÿY c×wZ- b¨vkbvj cvK©, B‡Kv cvK©, mvdvwi cvK©, eb¨ Rxe AfqviY¨, †Mg wiRvf©, wek¦ HwZn¨, grm¨ AfqvkÖg|
52. mvdvwi cv‡K©i D‡Ïk¨ bq †KvbwU?
K B‡KvUz¨wiRg L we‡bv`b DËi : N
M M‡elYv N G·-wmUz msiÿY
e¨vL¨v : mvdvwi cv‡K©i D‡Ïk¨- B‡KvUz¨wiRg, we‡bv`b, KbRvi‡fkb, M‡elYv, msiÿY m‡PZbZv|
53. evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †Mg wiRvf© †KvbwU?
K gaywUjv †Mg wiRvf© L mxZvKzÛ †Mg wiRvf© DËi : M
M ‡UKbvd †Mg wiRvf© N †KvbwUB bq
e¨vL¨v : evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †Mg wiRvf©- K·evRvi †Rjvi bvd b`xi Zx‡i †UKbvd †Mg wiRvf©|
54. ‘Ramsar site’ ejv nq †KvbwU‡K?
K Pjbwej L mvMiw`wN DËi : M
M Uv½yqvi nvIi N nvj`v b`x
e¨vL¨v : Uv½yqvi nvIi‡K Ramsar site ejv nq|
55. Ôe½eÜz grm¨ †nwi‡URÕ †NvlYv Kiv nq †KvbwU‡K?
K Pjb wej L nvj`v b`x DËi : L
M Uv½yqvi nvIi N mvMi w`wN
e¨vL¨v : nvj`v b`x‡K Ôe½eÜz grm¨ †nwi‡UR †NvlYv Kiv nq|
56. †KvbwU G· wmUz msiÿY c×wZ?
K B‡KvcvK© L exR e¨vsK DËi : L
M mvdvwi cvK© N b¨vkbvj cvK©
e¨vL¨v : G· wmUz msiÿY c×wZ- †eUvwbK¨vj Mv‡W©b, exR e¨vsK, wPwoqvLvbv, wRbe¨vsK, wdìwRb e¨vsK, wb¤œ ZvcgvÎvq msiÿY, Bb-
wf‡Uªv msiÿY, wWGbG msiÿY, civM‡iYy msiÿY|
57. ÔexR e¨vs‡KÕ KZ ZvcgvÎvq exR‡K msiÿY Kiv nq?
0 0
K –50 c L –20 c DËi : L
0 0
M –30 c N –40 c
e¨vL¨v : exR‡K ïwK‡q –200c ZvcgvÎvq exR‡K msiÿY Kiv nq|
58. †KvbwU wiK¨vjwmUª¨v›U exR Gi D`vniY?
K Rvg L Avg DËi : L
M wjPz N RjcvB
e¨vL¨v : wiK¨vjwmUª¨v›U exR- Avg, KvVvj| †hme exR‡K ïKv‡j A¼z‡iv`Mg ÿgZv bó n‡q hvq Zv n‡jv wiK¨vjwmUª¨v›U exR|
59. Rxe ˆewPΨ mg„× AÂj‡K wK e‡j?
K nU¯úU L B‡Kvwm‡÷g DËi : K
M ev¯‘Zš¿ N exR e¨vsK
e¨vL¨v : Rxe ˆewPΨ mg„× AÂj‡K nU¯úU e‡j|
60. evsjv‡`‡ki wejyß cÖvYx †KvbwU?
K cvwZ KvK L ¸Bj¨v †Usiv DËi : N
M †gwb gvQ N Nwoqvj
e¨vL¨v : Nwoqvj Gi ˆeÁvwbK bvg Ñ Gavialis gangeticus.