ECOSYSTEM
TERMINOLOGY
Ecosystem
Biotic Component---------------- Abiotic Component
Air,Water,Tempe
rature,pH etc
1 Autotrophs/Producers Land Plant
Algae
Photosynthetic Bacteria
2 Heterotroph/Consumers Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Frugivores
Insectivores
Scavengers
Parasites (bacteria, Virus)
Etc.
3 Saprotrophs/Decomposers
Bacteria
Fungi
FOOD CHAINS (up to 5 trophic levels)
Trophic Levels (labels)
Flow of Energy
Loss of Energy along successive Trophic
levels
Examples of loss of energy
Loss of Energy
Food Chain vs Food Web
FOOD WEB
ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS
• Pyramid of Energy
• Pyramid of Biomass
• Pyramid of Number
Biomass
• Biomass means total mass of your
body
• Biomass = Dry mass + Water
• 100% = 25% + 75%
Pyramid of Biomass
Pyramid of Energy
Pyramids based on a simple Food Chain
Pyramid of Biomass
Variation in shape of pyramid of
number/Inverted/Broad based Pyramid
Variation in shape of pyramids
BIOMAGNIFICATION/BIOAMPLIFICATION
CARBON CYCLE
Composition of Air
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
CO2 0.04%
Other gases 1%
NITROGEN CYCLE
NITROGEN CYCLE
Three Processes:
1. Nitrogen Fixation
2. Nitrification
3. Denitrification
NITROGEN FIXATION
1 Nitrogen fixing Bacteria in soil and water
2 Lightening
3 Nitrogen fixing bacteria in Root nodules of Leguminous plants
1 (Symbiotic relationship)
NITRIFICATION(Nitrate Formation)
a. Nitrites to nitrates
b. Nitrogen compounds from decomposed matter
c. Nitrogenous waste from excreta (Urea Ammonium
compounds, uric acid etc)
DENITRIFICATION
Conversion from NITRATES to NITROGEN GAS
BACTERIA INVOLVED
Nitrogen fixing bacteria(Aerobic)
Nitrifying bacteria(Aerobic)
Denitrifying bacteria(Anaerobic).concept of flooding/soil
infertile
Decomposing bacteria(Aerobic)
F
Malaria
SEWAGE TREATMENT
POLLUTION- EUTROPHICATION
