Sample Test 4 – ADVANCED GRAMMAR

I. Identify the sentence patterns of the superordinate clauses of the following sentences and
state the name and function of each finite subordinating clause.

1. Although French, German, America and British pioneers have all been credited with the
invention of cinema,/ the British and the Germans/ played/ a small role/ in its world-wide
exploitation. ASVOdA

- Although French, German, America and British pioneers have all been credited with the
invention of cinema: adverbial of concession.

2. The rest of the world/ survived/ partly because audiences continued to exist for a product
which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply. SVA

- partly because audiences continued to exist for a product: adverbial of reason

- which corresponded to needs: adj clause, postmodifying “ product”

- which Hollywood could not supply: adj clause, postmodifying “ needs”

3. Another hypothesis/ suggests / that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that
food is scarce and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode .SVOd

- that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells : noun clause, object of “ suggests”

- that food is scarce and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode: noun clause, object of “
indicate”

4. There/ is/ scientific evidence that eating fewer calories may extend human life. SVCs

- that eating fewer calories may extend human life: noun clause , apposition of “ evidence”

5. In experiments,/ rats who ate what they wanted/ led/ shorter lives than rats on a low-calorie
diet. ASVOd

- who ate what they wanted: adj clause, postmodifying “rats”.

-what they wanted: noun clause , object of “ ate”

6. However difficult you find it to arrange your time,/ it/ will pay off/ in the long run /if you set
aside a certain part of the day for studying and stick to it. ASVAA

- However difficult you find it to arrange your time: adverbial of concession.

- if you set aside a certain part of the day for studying and stick to it: adverbial of condition.
7. If you always study in the same place, preferably a room of your own, /you/ will find/ it /easier
to adjust mentally to the activity /when you enter that area.ASVOdCoA

- If you always study in the same place, preferably a room of your own:adverbial of condition

- when you enter that area: adverbial of time

8. It/ may help /to discuss a topic with other people,/ especially if you feel that you have
insufficient ideas or too many disorganized ideas. SVOdA

- especially if you feel: adverbial of condition

- that you have insufficient ideas or too many disorganized ideas: noun clause, object of “feel”

II. Analyse the following sentences by Descriptive Linguistic

1. Don’t hesitate to bring your topic up in a conversation with other students and see what
they say, though you don’t want to copy their ideas, listening to what they think may well
help you develop or refine your own thoughts.

M1: Don’t hesitate to bring your topic up in a conversation with other students and see

S1:what they say: noun clause, object of “ see”

M2:listening to...may well develop or refine your own thoughts

S2: though you don’t want to copy their ideas: adverbial of concession.

S3: what they think: noun clause, object of “ listening to”

2. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an early researcher that if he put out a bowl of
sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done
so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup.

M1: Von Frisch knew from experiments by an early researcher

S1: that ....bees might at first take some time to find it: noun clause, object of “ knew”

S1.1: if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup: adverbial of condition

S2: but, ...within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup: noun
clause , object of “ knew”

S2.1: once they had done so: adverbial of time.

III. Combine the set of simple sentences into complex/compound complex sentence
1/If you are doing a long essay or research paper which involves the use of library books or
other articles. Keeping details of the tittles and authors on small cards in a card box may
help.

2/ Nearly everyone who goes to see the original will be more familiar with the original than
the reproduction. They accept the fact that fine art is more rewarding when viewed in its
original form.

IV. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence

NP VP

VP NP PP

Aux V Det. N Prep NF clause

NFV NP PP

S’

Det. N Prep NP

Det. N

You can mark the article by making any comments that you have in the margin.
 V. The following sentence is structurally ambiguous; analyze the two different sentence
structures (SVOCA) to show both possible meanings.

John/ saw /the man on the mountain with a telescope.

S V Od

John /saw /the man on the mountain /with a telescope.

S V Od A

VI. Write sentences as guided.

1. Listening to English song can help you learn English better.

2. Listening to music is my hobby.

3. What he had done surprised all of us.

4. We are all glad that she will come visit us.