CHARGING CONTROLLER TO CHARGE ELECTRIC
VEHICLES AT WORKPLACE
Shri Harsha J1, Thejaswini R2
1Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Mysuru Royal Institute of Technology, Mysuru.
2Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Channabasaveshwara Institute of Technology, Tumakuru.
Abstract- a maximum limit. However, the subsidy scheme
The Indian government is actively promoting was later withdrawn by the MNRE in March 2012.
electric cars as a means of mitigating In 2013, India unveiled the 'National
environmental pollution and climate change. The Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020' to
main concerns with the introduction of electrical make a major shift to electric vehicles and to
cars are their initial cost and driving range. For address the issues of national energy security,
the efficient transportation of electrical cars, a vehicular pollution and growth of domestic
sufficient number of standards, medium and rapid manufacturing capabilities. Though the scheme was
charging stations as well as battery switching to offer subsidies and create supporting
stations must be designed and constructed. This infrastructure for e-vehicles, the plan mostly
essay discusses a standard charging station that is remained on papers. While presenting the Union
set up at a workplace. A solar power plant serves Budget for 2015-16 in Parliament, then finance
as the main electrical energy source. When solar minister Arun Jaitley announced faster adoption
power production is either insufficient or and manufacturing of electric vehicles (FAME),
excessive, an additional connection to the with an initial outlay of Rs 75 crore. The scheme
station's storage battery is used for the was announced with an aim to offer incentives for
import/export of electricity. With clean-fuel technology cars to boost their sales to up
MATLAB/Simulink, the system's performance is to 7 million vehicles by 2020.
confirmed. In 2017, Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari made a
statement showing India’s intent to move to 100 per
1. INTRODUCTION cent electric cars by 2030. However, the
automobile industry raised concerns over the
An electric vehicle (EV) is one that execution of such a plan. The government
operates on an electric motor, instead of an subsequently diluted the plan from 100 per cent to
internal-combustion engine that generates power by 30 per cent.
burning a mix of fuel and gases. Therefore, such as In February 2019, the Union Cabinet cleared a Rs
vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for 10,000-crore programme under the FAME-II
current-generation automobile, in order to address scheme. This scheme came into force from April 1,
the issue of rising pollution, global warming, 2019. The main objective of the scheme is to
depleting natural resources, etc. Though the encourage a faster adoption of electric and hybrid
concept of electric vehicles has been around for a vehicles by offering upfront incentives on purchase
long time, it has drawn a considerable amount of of electric vehicles and also by establishing
interest in the past decade amid a rising carbon necessary charging infrastructure for EVs.
footprint and other environmental impacts of fuel- Plug–in electric vehicles (PEVs) which comprise
based vehicles. all electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric
In India, the first concrete decision to vehicles provide the chance to modify the
incentivise electric vehicles was taken in 2010. transportation energy demands from petroleum to
According to a Rs. 95-crore scheme approved by electricity. Although, the impact of charging the
the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy electric vehicles (EVs) via the electrical grid,
(MNRE), the government announced a financial especially during the peak demand period cannot
incentive for manufacturers for electric vehicles be neglected, it cause many problems such as
sold in India. The scheme, effective from harmonics, voltage outages and fluctuations [1].
November 2010, envisaged incentives of up to 20 The use of charging stations integrated with
per cent on ex-factory prices of vehicles, subject to distributed generation based on renewable energy
sources (RES), to boost the power generation, can The IEC 61851-1 has standardized the two
be a viable solution to mitigate this problem [2]. In topologies that these fast charging stations (FCS)
addition, the combination of these distributed exhibit. The first topology is connected to a single
energy sources into the charging infrastructure has AC bus that supplies all of the AC-DC converters,
an important role to decrease the environmental while the second topology is based on a common
effects and to enhance the efficiency of the DC bus that supplies the different DC-DC chargers.
charging system. Due to the stochastic nature of Because of the second architecture's fewer
RES, there is a persistent need to add an energy conversion steps, load characteristics, and seamless
storage system (ESS) which has a crucial role in integration of distributed generation or energy
the incorporation of electric vehicle charging storage systems, experimental research have shown
station (EVCS). The photovoltaic (PV) power is that it is the optimal choice. In addition, a fleet of
known as the most competitive source of energy to EVs charging synchronously may result in a rise in
support the grid utility thanks to the persistent the utility grid's peak power consumption. There
decreasing tendency on the prices of the PV panels are two approaches that have been proposed for
[3]. Furthermore, the PV system, in terms of fuel handling a fleet of EVs at separate charging poles:
and labor is approximately maintenance free [4]. centralized and decentralized management
The use of the PV power to supply the EVs is strategies. This requires research on the most
improved by the advancement in the power suitable management strategy. In addition, energy
conversion technologies [5]. One of the important flow management between energy sources is
challenges for the EVCS, particularly the public achieved without the need for a communication
ones, is making the charging duration as short as interface between the energy sources and the
possible. energy management system (EMS). This latter
strategy, when applied to the EVCS, is based on
There are many standards organizations in the local controllers and each energy source operates
world that work to define the electrical independently of the others. It makes it easier to
characteristics of EVCS i.e. the Society of expand the medium voltage direct current (MVDC)
Automotive Engineering (SAE), CHAdeMO network and the charging system by including new
association and International Electro technical elements like more EVs or additional energy
Commission (IEC). The latter develops four modes sources (RES, ESS), as the EMS does not need to
of charging basing on the type of the charging rate, be modified. Additionally, based on a comparison
the level and the type of voltage, the mode of of these two techniques, it was determined that, due
communication between the EVs and the CS and to its lack of need for a communication interface,
the presence of the protections and its location. the adoption of the decentralized approach
represents the most practical choice [8]. In order to
optimize the use of photovoltaic electricity
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
whenever feasible and to utilize the grid or/and the
ESS as a buffer system in situations where solar
irradiation is insufficient or there is a surplus of
power, we have researched a PV-grid charging
station [9], This approach permits the buffer's
connection while accounting for the battery's state
of charge (SOC) and energy transfer cost (ETC).
By merging the RES with the electric grid, the
suggested method advances the idea of a smart grid
[10]. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology, which
allows EV owners to attain a balance of demand
between charging and discharging modes, may also
be incorporated to increase income [11].
Nevertheless, this strategy would result in an EV
battery with a limited lifespan and other unresolved
issues.
To significantly lessen our reliance on fossil fuels,
Fig 1 conventional system configuration solar energy and electric vehicle (EV) charging are
essential. There are many different ways to produce
electricity, but it's essential that electric cars run on
sustainable energy. In the next years, we anticipate
that almost everyone with a solar energy system
will build a solar charging station at their place of
business. Electric vehicles are rapidly gaining
3. IMPLEMENTATION
popularity.
4. SIMULATION RESULTS
Fig 5 Dc Bus voltage vs time
Fig 2 Simulation circuit of proposed configuration
DC bus voltage is up to 215 volts mostly
all EV s in the market came into this
voltage level.
Fig 6 Battery voltage vs time
In the proposed work output is not
constant (12v to 215 Voltage vehicle
charging is possible) 5. CONCLUSION
If solar is zero than also EV station output
is existing The solar EV charging station controller is
evaluated under various solar power production and
battery power requirements using MATLAB and a
control desk. It is discovered that the load over a
solar panel at a certain temperature and irradiance
determines how much electricity the panel
produces. In order to charge the car batteries,
constant current charging is used. In order to handle
situations when solar energy and station battery
SOC are both inadequate, a grid link might be
added to the system.
Fig 3 Irradiation vs time
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