Read the comprehension and answer the questions:
Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Often
referred to as the "rainforests of the sea," these underwater structures are
formed by colonies of tiny organisms called coral polyps. These polyps
secrete calcium carbonate, which forms the hard, rock-like structures that
make up the reef. Over thousands of years, these reefs grow to become
vast underwater landscapes that support an incredible variety of marine
life.
Coral reefs are not just beautiful; they play a crucial role in the health of
the ocean and the planet. They provide shelter and food for numerous
marine species, including fish, crustaceans, and molluscs. Additionally,
reefs protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing the energy of waves.
However, despite their importance, coral reefs around the world are under
threat due to climate change, pollution, and overfishing.
One of the most significant threats to coral reefs is coral bleaching, a
process that occurs when the water temperature becomes too warm. The
increase in temperature causes the coral to expel the algae living in its
tissues, which not only leads to a loss of colour but also weakens the
coral. Without the algae, which provide up to 90% of the coral's energy,
the coral can die.
Efforts to protect coral reefs are underway around the globe. Marine
protected areas have been established to limit human activities that can
damage reefs. Scientists are also working on coral restoration projects,
where damaged reefs are repaired and new coral is grown and
transplanted to help revive these vital ecosystems.
**Questions:**
1. What are coral reefs often compared to, and why?
2. How are coral reefs formed?
3. List two important roles that coral reefs play in the ocean.
4. What is coral bleaching, and what causes it?
5. What measures are being taken to protect and restore coral reefs?
