JESHWAR TEACHING

gjpndz;Nkw;fzf;F E}y;fs;

vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs;
E}y;fs; mb tiuaiu njhFj;jtu; njhFg;gpj;jtu;
ew;wpiz 9-12 njupatpy;iy gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad;
khwd; tOjp
FWe;njhif 4-8 g+upf;Nfh njupatpy;iy
Iq;FWE}W 3-6 Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa ahidfl;Nra; khe;jUQ; Nruy;
$lY}u;f; fpohu; ,Uk;nghiw
gjpw;Wg;gj;J 8-57 njupatpy;iy njupatpy;iy
gupghly; 25-400 njupatpy;iy njupatpy;iy
fypj;njhif 11-80 ey;ye;Jtdhu; njupatpy;iy
mfehD}W 13-31 cUj;jpurd;ku; ghz;bad; cf;fpug;ngUtOjp
GwehD}W 4-40 njupatpy;iy njupatpy;iy

gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fs;
E}y;fs; Mrpupau; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; gh tif
jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil ef;fPuu; KUfd; Mrpupag;gh
nghUeuhw;Wg;gil Klj;jhkf; fupfhy; ngUtsj;jhd; Mrpupag;gh
fz;zpahu;
rpWghzhw;Wg;gil ey;Y}u; ej;jj;jdhu; ey;ypaf;Nfhld; Mrpupag;gh
ngUk;ghzhw;Wg;gil fbaY}u; njhz;ilkhd; Mrpupag;gh
cUj;jpuq;fz;zdhu; ,se;jpiuad;
Ky;iyg;ghl;L eg;g+jdhu; - Mrpupag;gh
kJiuf;fhQ;rp khq;Fb kUjdhu; jiyahyq;fhdj;Jr; tQ;rp mb fye;j
nrUntd;w ghz;bad; Mrpupag;gh
neLQ;nropad;
neLey;thil ef;fPuu; jiyahyq;fhdj;Jr; Mrpupag;gh
nrUntd;w ghz;bad;
neLQ;nropad
FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L fgpyu; - Mrpupag;gh
gl;bdg;ghiy fbaY}u; cUj;jpuq; - tQ;rp mb fye;j
fz;zdhu; Mrpupag;gh
kiygLflhk; ,uzpaKl;lj;Jg; ed;dd; Mrpupag;gh
ngUq;Fd;W}u;
ngUq;nfsrpfdhu;
 gjpndz;fPo;fzf;F E}y;fs;
E}y;fs; Mrpupau; NtWngau;fs;
ehybahu; rkz Kdptu;fs; Ntshz;Ntjk;> ehyb
ehD}W
ehd;kzpf;fbif tpsk;gpehfdhu; Jz;L
,d;dh ehw;gJ fgpyu; -
,dpait ehw;gJ g+jQ;Nre;jdhu; -
fhu; ehw;gJ fz;zd; $j;jdhu; -
fstop ehw;gJ ngha;ifahu; -
Ie;jpiz Ik;gJ khwd; nghiwadhu; -
Ie;jpiz vOgJ %thjpahu; -
jpiznkhop Ik;gJ fz;zd; Nre;jdhu; -
jpizkhiy fzpNkjhtpahu; -
E}w;iwk;gJ
jpUf;Fws; jpUts;Stu; Kg;ghy;> cj;jpuNtjk;>
thAiw tho;j;J> nja;t
E}y;> cyfg; nghJkiw>
jkpo;kiw>
jpupfLfk; ey;yhjdhu; -
Mrhuf;Nfhit ngUthapy; Ks;spahu; -
gonkhop ehD}W Kd;Wiw miuadhu; -
rpWgQ;r%yk; fhupahrd; -
KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp $lY}u;f;fpohu; mwTiuf;Nfhit
Vyhjp fzpNkjhtpahu; -
ife;epiy Gy;yq;fhldhu; -
,d;dpiy ngha;ifahu;

jkpo; - gd;dpU jpUKiwfs;

jpUKiwfs; ghbatu;fs; jpUKiwfSf;fhd
rpwg;G ngau;fs;
1>2>3 k; jpUKiw jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; 1 Kjy; 7 k; jpUKiw tiu -
4>5>6 k; jpUKiw jpUehTf;furu; Njthuk;
jpUQhd rk;ge;ju; ghly;fs; -
jpUf;filf;fhg;G
7-k; jpUKiw Re;juu; jpUg;ghl;L / Re;juu; Njthuk;
8-k; jpUKiw khzpf;fthrfu; jpUthrfk;> jpUf;Nfhitahu;
9-k; jpUKiw jpUkhspifj; Njtu; jpUtpirg;gh> jpUg;gy;yhz;L
Kjy; Nrjpuhau; tiu
10-k; jpUKiw jpU%yu; jpUke;jpuk;> jkpo; %thapuk;
11-k; jpUKiw fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu; jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil - ef;fPuu;
Kjy; ek;gpahz;lhu; ek;gp
tiu
12-k; jpUKiw Nrf;fpohu; ngupaGuhzk;
 ehyhapu jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;
E}y;fs; ghbatu;fs;
Kjy; jpUte;jhjp ngha;ifaho;thu;
,uz;lhk; jpUte;jhjp g+jj;jho;thu;
%d;whk; jpUte;jhjp Ngaho;thu;
jpUr;re;j tpUj;jk;> ehd;Kfd; jpUte;jhjp jpUkopir Mo;thu;
jpUthrpupak;> jpUtha;nkhop> jpUtpUj;jk;> ek;kho;thu;
ngupa jpUte;jhjp
fz;zpEz; rpWjhk;G gjpfk; kJuftp Mo;thu;
ngUkhs; jpUnkhop FyNrfu Mo;thu;
ngupaho;thu; jpUnkhop ngupaho;thu;
ehr;rpahu; jpUnkhop> jpUg;ghit Mz;lhs;
mkydhjpgpuhd; gjpfk; jpUg;ghz; Mo;thu;
jpUkhiy> jpUg;gs;sp vOr;rp njhz;lubg;nghb Mo;thu;
ngupa jpUnkhop> jpUf;FWe;jhz;lfk;> jpUkq;if Mo;thu;
jpUneLe;jhz;lfk;> jpUntO $w;wpUf;if>
rpwpa jpUkly;> ngupa jpUkly;

Ik;ngUk; fhg;gpaq;fs;
E}y; Mrpupau; cl;gpupT rkak; rpwg;Gg;ngau;fs;
rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,sq;Nfhtbfs; 3 fhz;lk;> 30 rka rhu;gw;w Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak;>
fhijfs; E}y; Kjw; fhg;gpak;>
Kj;jkpo; fhg;gpak;>
tuyhw;Wf; fhg;gpak;>
xw;Wik fhg;gpak;>
%Nte;ju; fhg;gpak;>
ciuapilapl;l
ghl;Lilr; nra;As;
kzpNkfiy rPj;jiy 30 fhijfs; ngsj;jk; kzpNkfiy JwT>
rhj;jdhu; rPu;jpUj;jf;
fhg;gpak;> ,ul;ilf;
fhg;gpak;
(rpyg;gjpfhuj;NjhL
Nru;j;J)
rPtf jpUj;jf;fNjtu; 13 rkzk; Kf;jp E}y;>
rpe;jhkzp ,yk;gfq;fs; kzE}y;>
tpUj;jg;ghthy;
mike;j Kjy;
fhg;gpak;
tisahgjp njupatpy;iy - rkzk; KOikahf
fpilf;fg;
ngwtpy;iy
Fz;lyNfrp ehfFj;jdhu; - ngsj;jk; KOikahf
fpilf;fg;
ngwtpy;iy
 IQ;rpW fhg;gpaq;fs;
E}y; Mrpupau; rkak;
#shkzp Njhyhnkhopj;Njtu; rkzk;
ePyNfrp njupatpy;iy rkzk;
aNrhju fhtpak; ntz;zhtY}u; rkzk;
cilahu; Nts;
cjaz Fkhu njupatpy;iy rkzk;
fhtpak;
ehfFkhu fhtpak; njupatpy;iy rkzk;

Kf;fpa E}y;fs;
E}y; Mrpupau; ghl;Lilj; jiytd;
fk;guhkhazk; fk;gu; ,uhkd;
ngupaGuhzk; Nrf;fpohu; rptngUkhd;
jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk; guQ;NrhjpKdptu; rptngUkhd;
Njk;ghtzp tPukhKdptu; tsd;
(#irag;gu;)
rPwhg;Guhzk; ckWg;Gytu; KfkJ egp
ghQ;rhyp rgjk; ghujpahu; ghQ;rhyp (ghuj
jhahf cUtfk;)
,uhtzf;fhtpak; Gytu; Foe;ij ,uhtzd;
,ul;rzpa ahj;jpupfk; vr;.V. fpU\;zdhu; ,NaRehju;
jpUtUl;gh ,uhkypq;f -
mbfs;
 rpj;ju;fs;

 rpj;jd; vd;Dk; nrhy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; rpyg;gjpfhuk; (ehLfhz; fhij)

 flTis fhz Kay;gth;fs; gf;jh;fs;@ fz;L njspe;jth;fs; rpj;jh;fs; - Njthuk;
 njhy;fhg;gpak; |epiw nkhop khe;jh;| vd rpj;jh;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
 gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; Nahfk; gapd;W mwpT epuk;gpath;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
 rpj;Jfspd; vz;zpf;if - vl;L
 jkpofj;jpy; ,urthjpfs; vd;W fUjg;gLgth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
 jkpopy; fhZk; Kjy; rpj;jh; / rpj;jh;fspd; Mjprpj;jh;- jpU%yh;
 rpj;jh;fis fpsh;rr
; pahsh;fs; vd;W $wpath; - mwpQh; f. ifyhrgjp
 rpj;jh;fspd; fyff;fhuh; vd;W fUjg;gLgth; - rptthf;fpah;
 cUt topghL nra;ahky; ntl;l ntspiaNa flTshf topgl;l rpj;jh; -
fLntspr; rpj;jh;
 itNjhiuf; $l itahNj - ,e;j itaKOJk; ngha;jj
; hYk; ngha;ahNj -
fLntspr; rpj;jh;
 ghk;gpidg; gw;wp Ml;lhNj - cz;wd;
gj;jpdpkhh;fisg; gopj;Jf; fhl;lhNj - fLntspr;rpj;jh;
 |ee;jtdj;jpy; Xh; Mz;b - mtd;
ehyhW khjkha;f; Fatid Ntz;bf;
nfhz;L te;jhd; xU Njhz;b- mijf;
$j;jhbf; $j;jhbg; Nghl;Lilj;jhz;b" - fLntspr; rpj;jh;
 |khq;fha;g;ghy; cz;L kiyNkNy ,Ug;Nghh;f;Fj;
Njq;fha;g;ghy; vJf;fb? - Fjk;gha; Njq;fha;g;ghy; vJf;fb| - Fjk;igr; rpj;jh;
 rhjpg; gphptpdpNy jPia %l;LNthk;
re;ij ntspapdpNy Nfhiy ehl;LNthk; - ghk;ghl;br; rpj;jh;
 jk; kPJ vr;rkpl;l nfhf;if tpopj;Jg; ghh;jJ
; vhpj;jth; - nfhq;fzh;
 "vdf;F Kd;Nd rpj;jh; gyh; ,Ue;jhh; mg;gh
ahDk; te;Njd; xU rpj;jd; ,e;j ehl;by;"- ghujpahh;
 Kf;fpa Nkw;Nfhs;fs;

1. ehd; jdpahf thotpy;iy jkpNohL tho;fpNwd; - jpU.tp.f

2. Neha;f;F kUe;J ,yf;fpak; - kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;.

3. vdf;F tWikAk; cz;L; kidtp kf;fSk; cz;L; mtw;NwhL khdKk; cz;L -

NjtNeag; ghthzu;.

4. jd; ,dj;ijAk; nkhopiaAk; ghlhj ftpij Ntupy;yhj kuk; ; $by;yhj gwit -

,u#y; fk;rNjt;

5. ehis vd; jha;nkhop rhFkhdhy; ehd; ,d;Nw ,we;JtpLNtd; - ,u#y; fk;rNjt;

6. ,ul;ilf;fpstp Nghy; ,ize;Nj thOq;fs;> gpupj;jhy; nghUspy;iy - Rujh.

7. ,e;jpah nkhopfspd; fhl;rpr; rhiy - r. mfj;jpaypq;fk;.

8. rhFk;NghJk; jkpo; gbj;J rhf Ntz;Lk; ; vd;wd; rhk;gypYk; jkpo; kze;J Ntf
Ntz;Lk; - f. rr;rpjhde;jd;.

9. ,e;jg; ngupatupd; (c.Nt.rh) mbepoypy; ,Ue;J jkpo; fw;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; Mty;
cz;lhfpwJ - fhe;jpabfs;.

10. vdJ gpur;rhuj;jpw;Fk; rPu;jpUj;jf; fUj;Jf;fSf;Fk; Kd;Ndhbfshf jpfo;e;jtu;fs;

gz;bjkzp mNahj;jpjhrUk;> jq;ftay; mg;ghJiuAk; Mthu;fs; - ngupahu;.

11. Njk;ghtzp jkpo; md;idapd; fOj;jpy; thlhj khiyahfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ;

fhtY}h;f;fyk;gfk; fjk;g khiyahff; fhl;rpaspf;fpwJ@ njhd;D}y;
nghd;D}yhf ,yq;Ffpd;wJ; rJufuhjp Kj;jhukhf kpsph;fpwJ@ tPukhKdpth; jkpo;
Kdpth;fSs; xUtuhf tpsq;Ffpd;whh;" - uh.gp.NrJ

12. ||cyfpdpy; ehfhpfk; Kw;Wk; mope;J tpl;lhYk; jpUf;FwSk; fk;gd; fhtpaKk;

,Ue;jhy; NghJk;@ kPz;Lk; mjidg; GJg;gpj;Jtplyhk;" - fhy;LNty;

13. "ePjpj; jpUf;Fwis neQ;rhu jk; tho;tpy; Xjp njhOJ vOf Xh;e;J" - ftpkzp
Njrpf tpehafdhu;;

14. ehd; rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpaj;ij kf;fsplk; nfhz;L nry;y tpUk;gpajw;Ff;

fhuzKz;L@ jpUf;FwisNah> fk;guhkhazj;ijNah tpUk;ghjtdy;yd;@ MapDk;
,e;jpa Njrpa xUikg;ghl;bw;Ff; Nfby;yhj tifapy;> jkpodj;ij xd;WgLj;j
vLj;Jf;nfhz;l Kaw;rpf;Fg; gad;glf;$ba Xh; ,yf;fpak; jkpopy; cz;nld;why;>
mJ rpyg;gjpfhuj;ijj; jtpu Ntwpy;iynad;W cWjpahff; $WNtd; ,sq;Nfh je;j
rpyk;G> jkpodj;jpd; nghJr;nrhj;J. vdNtjhd; jkpofj;jpd; gl;bnjhl;bnaq;Fk;
rpyg;gjpfhu khehLfs; elj;jpNdhk; "- rpyk;G nry;tu; k.ngh.rp

15. ||jpUf;Fws; vd;gJ xU tFg;ghh;f;Nfh xU kjj;jhh;f;Nfh xU epwj;jhu;f;Nfh xU

nkhopahh;f;Nfh xU ehl;lhh;f;Nfh chpajd;W. mJ kd;gijf;F cyFf;Fg; nghJ"
- jpU.tp.f
16. ||jkpo;nkhop mofhd rpj;jpu Ntiyg; ghlike;j nts;spj;jl;L@ jpUf;Fws; mjpy;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;s jq;f Mg;gps;@ jkpo; vd;id <h;j;jJ@ FwNsh vd;id ,Oj;jJ"
- lhf;lu; fpnusy;

17. vdf;F kpfTk; tpUg;gkhd ,yf;fpak; xd;W cz;nld;why; mJ fypq;fj;Jg;guzpNa

- mwpQu; mz;zh

18. cyfk;> capu;> flTs; Mfpa %d;iwAk; xUq;Nf fhl;Lk; fhtpak;jhd; ngupaGuhzk;
- jpU.tp.f

19. fhyj;jpd; tpisT> Muha;rr

; papd; mwpFwp> Gul;rpg; nghwp> cz;ikia czuitf;Fk;
cd;dj E}y; ,uhtz fhtpak; - mwpQu; mz;zh

20. tPuk; ,y;yhj tho;Tk; tpNtfkpy;yhj tPuKk; tPzhFk; - gRk;nghd; Kj;Juhkypq;fu;

21. “Xu; ,yl;rpa r%fk; vd;gJ Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Mfpatw;iw

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ” vd;wtu; - mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fu;.

22. njhz;Lf;F Ke;J jiyikf;Fg; gpe;J - K. tujuhrdhu;

23. jkpOf;Fj; njhz;L nra;Nthd; rhtjpy;iy - ghujpjhrd;

24. “rpq;fq;fNs! vOe;J thUq;fs;. ePq;fs; nrk;kwp MLfs; vd;w kaf;fj;ij cjwpj;
js;Sq;fs;’ - tpNtfhde;ju;.
 Kf;fpa E}y;fspd; cl;gpupTfs;

fk;guhkhazk;: rpyg;gjpfhuk;: Njk;ghtzp (fhz;lk;)

1. ghy fhz;lk; 1. Gfhh;f; fhz;lk; - 10 fhijfs; 1. Kjw;fhz;lk; 12 glyq;fs;

2. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk; 2. kJiu fhz;lk; - 13 fhijfs; 2. ,uz;lhk; fhz;lk; -12 glyq;fs;

3. fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk; 3. tQ;rp fhz;lk; 7 fhijfs; 3. %d;whk; fhz;lk; -12 glyq;fs;

4. Muz;a fhz;lk;
,uhtz fhtpak;: ghQ;rhyp rgjk; (rUf;fk;)
5. Re;ju fhz;lk;
1. jkpoff; fhz;lk; 1. #o;r;rp
6. Aj;j fhz;lk;
2. ,yq;iff; fhz;lk; 2. #jhl;lk;

3. tpe;jf; fhz;lk; 3. mbik

rPtf rpe;jhkzp
4. gopGhp fhz;lk; 4. JfpYUjy;
(,yk;gfk;)
5. Nghh;f; fhz;lk; 5. rgjk;
1. ehkfs;

2. Nfhtpe;ijahh;
nghpa Guhzk; ( fhz;lk;)
3. fhe;jUtjj;ijahh; rPwhg; Guhzk;:
1. Kjy; fhz;lk; - 5 rUf;fk;
4. Fzkhiyahh; 1. tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk;
(gpwg;gpay;) 2. ,uz;lhk; fhz;lk; - 8 rUf;fk;
5. gJikahh;
2. EGtj;Jf; fhz;lk;
6. Nfkrhpahh; (nrk;nghUs;) jpUf;Fws; (Kg;ghy;)

7. fdfkhiyahh; 3. `p[puj;Jf; fhz;lk; 1. mwj;Jg;ghy; - 38 mjpfhuk;

(nrytpay;)
8. tpkiyahh; 2. nghUl;ghy; - 70 mjpfhuk;

9. RukQ;rhpahh; 3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - 25 mjpfhuk;

cjaFkhu fhtpak;:
10. kz;kfs;
1. cQ;irf; fhz;lk; jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;:
11. g+kfs;
2. ,yhthzf; fhz;lk; 1. kJiuf; fhz;lk;
12. ,yf;fizahh;
3. kfj fhz;lk; 2. $lw; fhz;lk;
13. Kj;jp ,yk;gfk;
4. tj;jt fhz;lk; 3. jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk;

5. euthfd fhz;lk;

6. JwTf; fhz;lk;
 czNt kUe;J

 kPJ}z; tpUk;Ngy; - xsitahh;.

 Neha;f;F kUe;J ,yf;fpak; - kPdhl;rp Re;judhu;.
 clk;ghh; mopapd; capuhh; mopth; - jpU%yh;
 clk;ig tsh;j;Njd; caph; tsh;jN
; jNd - jpU%yh;
 grpapd; nfhLikia 'grpg;gpzp vd;Dk; ghtp" vd;fpwJ kzpNkfiy fhg;gpak;
 "Neha;ehb Neha;Kjy; ehb" vd Nehapd; fhuzj;ij mwpar; nra;Ak; E}y;
jpUf;Fws;
 cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph;nfhLj;NjhNu- GwehD}W / kzpNkfiy
 epidthw;wiyg; ngUf;Fk; %ypif - ty;yhiu
 fz;ghh;itia njspthf;fTk;> eiuiag; Nghf;fTk; cjTk; %ypif
fhpryhq;fz;zp
 fhpryhq;fz;zpapd; NtWg; ngah;fs;: 1. fhprhiy> 2. ifahe;jfiu> 3. gpUq;fuhrk;
kw;Wk; 4. Njfuhrk;
 %l;L typia ePf;Fk; %ypif - Klf;fw;whd;
 tha;g;Gz;izAk;> Flw;Gz;izAk; Fzg;gLj;Jk; %ypif kzj;jf;fhspf; fPiu
 kQ;rs; fhkhiyf;F vspa kUe;J - fPohney;yp
 "Qhdg;gr;rpiy" vd ts;syhuhy; miof;fg;ngWk; %ypif J}Jtis
 J}Jtisapd; NtW ngah; - rpq;fty;yp
 Nkdp Jyq;f - Fg;ig Nkdp
 Fkhp fz;l Neha;f;Ff; Fkhp nfhL - Fkhp vd;gJ fw;whioiaf; Fwpf;Fk;
 Khpe;j vYk;G $l> fz;ghh;it> $e;jy; tsh;r;rpf;F cjTtJ KUq;if
 cztpy; NrUk; rpW er;Rj;jd;ikia Kwpf;Fk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ fwpNtg;gpiy
 ruRtjp vd;W rpj;ju;fs; Fwpg;gpLtJ - ty;yhiuf;fPiu
 Mrpupau; kw;Wk; rpwg;Gg; ngau;fs;

Mrpupau;fs; rpwg;Gg;ngau;fs; / Gidg;ngau;fs;

,uhkypq;f mbfs; ts;syhu;> GJnewp fz;l Gytu;> rd;khu;f;f
ftp
nt. ,uhkypq;fdhu; ehkf;fy; ftpQu;> fhe;jpaf; ftpQu;
tPukhKdptu; ,];kj; rd;ahrp
MWKf ehtyu; trdeil ifte;j ty;yhsu;> jkpo;
ciueilapd; je;ij
kUjfhrp jpiuf;ftp jpyfk;
gl;Lf;Nfhl;il fy;ahzRe;juk; kf;fs; ftpQu;
cLkiy ehuhazftp gFj;jwpT ftpuhau;
mo.ts;spag;gh Foe;ijf; ftpQu;
Rujh (,uhrNfhghyd;) ctikf; ftpQu;
thzpjhrd; (muq;frhkp (v) vj;jpuhrY) jkpofj;jpd; Ntu;l;];nthu;j>; ghtyu; kzp>
ftpQNuW
Kbaurd; jpuhtpl ehl;bd; thdk;ghb
jpU.tp.fy;ahzRe;judhu; jkpo;j;njd;wy;
c.Nt.rhkpehju; jkpo;j;jhj;jh
gupjpkhw; fiyQu; jpuhtpl rh];jpup
nrd;dpFsk; mz;zhkiyahu; fhtbr; rpe;jpd; je;ij> mz;zhkiyf;
ftpuh[d;
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhu; (Jiukhzpf;fk;) ghtyNuW
xl;lf;$j;ju; ftpuhl;rrd;
gps;isg;ngUkhs; Iaq;fhu; jpt;tpa ftp
,uh.gp.NrJ nrhy;ypd; nry;tu;
k.ngh.rptQhdk; rpyk;G nry;tu;
,uhkr;re;jpuf; ftpuhau; Jd;gj;ijAk; eifr;RitNahL nrhy;tjpy;
ty;ytu;
gRk;nghd; Kj;Juhkypq;;fu; Njrpak; fhj;j nrk;ky;
Nrf;fpohu; njhz;lu; rPu; guTthu;
<NuhL jkpod;gd; tpbnts;sp
jz;lkpo; Mrhd;> ed;D}w; Gytd; rPj;jiy rhj;jdhu;
mwpQu; mz;zh jkpo; ehlff;fiyapd; ngu;dhl;rh
nra;Fjk;gp ghtyu; rjhtjhdp
jkpoofdhu; re;jftpkzp
 Mrpupau; kw;Wk; gpwe;j Cu;

Mrpupau;fs; gpwe;j Cu;

ftpkzp Njrpf tpehafdhu; Nj&u; (fd;dpahFkup khtl;lk;)
jpU.tp.fy;ahzRe;judhu; Js;sk; vd;fpw jz;lyk;
thzpjhrd; tpy;ypaD}u;
g+jj;jho;thu; khky;yGuk;
ngha;ifaho;thu; jpUnt/fh
FyNrfu Mo;thu; jpUtQ;rpf;fsk;
ngUthapd; Ks;spahu; faj;J}u;
nt. ,uhkypq;fdhu; NkhfD}u; (ehkf;fy; khtl;lk;)
cLkiy ehuhazf; ftp g+tpisthb (g+sthb)
n[aq;nfhz;lhu; jPgq;Fb
nra;Fjk;gp ghtyu; ,lyhq;Fb
eh$u; &kp jQ;rht+u; khtl;lk;
fz;zjhrd; rpW$ly;gl;b
Mg;ufhk; gz;bju; rhk;gtu; tlfiu (njd;fhrp)
ng. Re;judhu; jpUtpjhq;$u;
,uhkypq;f mbfs; kUJ}u; (rpjk;guk;)
R.rKj;jpuk; jpg;gzk;gl;b (jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk;)
fp.uh[ehuhazd; ,ilnrty;
guQ;Nrhjp Kdptu; jpUkiwf;fhL (Ntjhuz;ak;)
jhAkhdtu; jpUkiwf;fhL (Ntjhuz;ak;)
tPukhKdptu; ,j;jhyp
[p.A.Nghg; fdlh
jpUehTf;furu; jpUth%u;
Re;juu; jpUehtY}u;
khzpf;fthrfu; jpUthjt+u;
jpUQhdrk;ge;ju; rPu;fhop
fhsNkfg; Gytu; jpUthidf;fh / vz;zhapuk; / ee;jpfpuhkk;
Rujh gioaD}u;
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhu; rKj;jpuk; (Nryk; khtl;lk;)
 rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp tpUJfs;

Mz;L E}y; Mrpupau;

1955 jkpo; ,d;gk; (fl;Liuj; njhFg;G) uh. gp. NrJg;gps;is
1956 miy Xir (ehty;) fy;fp fpU\;z%h;j;jp
1958 rf;futh;j;jpj; jpUkfd; (,uhkhazj;jpd; rp. uh[Nfhghyr;rhhp
ciueil)
1961 mfy; tpsf;F (ehty;) K.tujuhrdhh;
1962 mf;fiur;rPik (gaz E}y;) NrhK (kP. g. NrhkRe;juk;)
1963 Ntq;ifapd; ike;jd; mfpyd; (gp. tp.mfpyhz;lk;)
1965 = uhkhD[h; (tho;f;if tuyhW) gp. = Mr;rhh;ah
1966 ts;syhh; fz;l xUikg;ghL (tho;f;if k. ngh. rptQhdk;
tuyhW)
1967 tPuh; cyfk; (,yf;fpa tpkh;rdk;) fp. th. [fd;dhjd;
1968 nts;isg; gwit (ftpij) m. rPdpthr uhftd;
1969 gprpuhe;ijahh; (ehlfk;) ghujpjhrd;
1970 md;gspg;G (rpWfijfs; ) F. mofphprhkp
1971 rKjha tPjp (ehty;) eh. ghh;jj
; rhujp
1972 rpy Neuq;fspy; rpy kdpjh;fs; (ehty;) n[afhe;jd;
1973 NtUf;F ePh; (ehty;) uh[k; fpU\;zd;
1974 jpUf;Fws; ePjp ,yf;fpak; (,yf;fpa Nf. b. jpUehTf;fuR
tpkh;rdk;)
1975 jw;fhy jkpo; ,yf;fpak; (,yf;fpa Mh;. jz;lhAjk;
tpkh;rdk;)
1977 FUjpg;Gdy; (ehty;) ,e;jpuh ghh;j;jrhujp
1978 GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsh;r;rpAk; ty;ypf;fz;zd;
(tpkh;rdk;)
1979 rf;jp itj;jpak; (rpWfijj; njhFg;G) jp. [hdfpuhkd;
1980 Nrukhd; fhjyp (ehty;) fz;zjhrd;
1981 Gjpa ciueil (tpkh;rdk;) kh. uhkypq;fk;
1982 kzpf;nfhb fhyk; (,yf;fpa tuyhW) gp. v];. uhikah
1983 ghujp : fhyKk; fUj;Jk; (,yf;fpa njh. K. rpjk;gu uFehjd;
tpkh;rdk;)
1984 xU fhtphpiag; Nghy yl;Rkp jphpGuRe;jhp
1985 fk;gd; : Gjpa ghh;it (,yf;fpa tpkh;rdk;) m. r. Qhdrk;ge;jd;
1986 ,yf;fpaj;Jfhf Xh; ,af;fk; (,yf;fpa f. eh. Rg;gpukzpak;
tpkh;rdk;)
1987 Kjypy; ,uT tUk; (rpWfijj; njhFg;G) Mjtd;
1988 thOk; ts;Stk; (,yf;fpa tpkh;rdk;) th. nr. Foe;ijrhkp
1989 rpe;jhejp (Rarhpjf; fl;Liufs;) yh. r. uhkhkph;jk;
1990 Nthpy; gOj;j gyh (ehty;) R. rKj;jpuk;
1991 Nfhgy;y fpuhkj;J kf;fs; (ehty;) fp. uh[ehuhazd;
1992 Fw;whyf; FwpQ;rp (tuyhw;W ehty;) Nfhtp. kzpNrfud;
1993 fhJfs; (ehty;) vk;. tp. ntq;fl;uhk;
1994 Gjpa jhprdq;fs; (ehty;) nghd;dPyd; (fz;Nl];tu
gf;jty;ryd;)
1995 thdk; trg;gLk; (ehty;) gpugQ;rd;
1996 mg;ghtpd; rpNefpjh; (rpWfijj; njhFg;G) mNrhfkpj;ud;
1997 rha;T ehw;fhyp (ehty;) Njhg;gpy; KfkJ kPuhd;
1998 tprhuizf; fkp\d; (ehty;) rh. fe;jrhkp
1999 Myhgid (ftpijfs;) mg;Jy; uFkhd;
2000 tpkh;rdq;fs;> kjpg;Giufs;> Ngl;bfs; jp. f. rptrq;fud;
(tpkh;rdk;)
2001 Rje;jpu jhfk; (ehty;) rp. R. nry;yg;gh
2002 xU fpuhkj;J ejp (ftpij E}y;) rpw;gp ghyRg;ukzpak;
2003 fs;spf;fhl;L ,jpfhrk; (ehty;)
ituKj;J
2004 tzf;fk; ts;St (ftpijfs;) <NuhL jkpod;gd;
2005 fy;kuk; (ehty;) [p. jpyftjp
2006 Mfhaj;Jf;F mLj;j tPL (ftpijfs;) K.Nkj;jh
2007 ,iyAjph; fhyk; (ehty;) ePy. gj;kehgd;
2008 kpd;rhug;g+ (rpWfijfs;) Nkyhz;ik nghd;Drhkp
2009 ifnahg;gk; (ftpijfs; (nkhopngah;g;G) GtpauR
2010 #ba g+ #lw;f (rpWfijfs;) ehQ;rpy; ehld;
2011 fhty; Nfhl;lk; (Gjpdk;) R. ntq;fNlrd;
2012 Njhy; (Gjpdk;) Nldpay; nry;tuh[;
2013 nfhw;if (Gjpdk;) N[h b F&];
2014 mQ;Qhb (Gjpdk;) g+kzp
2015 ,yf;fpar; RtLfs; (jpwdha;T E}y;) M. khjtd;
2016 xU rpW ,ir (rpWfijfs;) tz;zjhrd;
2017 fhe;js; ehl;fs; (ftpijfs;) ,d;Fyhg;
2018 rQ;rhuk; (Gjpdk;) v];. uhkfpU\;zd;
2019 #y; (Gjpdk;) Nrh. jh;kd;
2020 nry;yhj gzk; (ehty;) ,ikak;
2021 rptg;Gf; fOj;Jld; xU gr;irg; gwit mk;ig
(rpWfijfs;)
2022 fhyh ghzp (Gjpdk;) K. uhN[e;jpud;
2023 ePh;topg; g^ck; (Gjpdk;) uh[Nrfud; (Njtpghujp)
 Mrpupau; kw;Wk; ,jo;fs;

Mrpupau;fs; njhlu;Gila ,jo;fs;

ghujpahu; ,e;jpah> RNjrkpj;ud;> tp[ah> fu;kNahfp>
ghyghujk;> NyhNfhgfhup > #u;Nahjak;> rpj;uhtsp
(fUj;Jglq;fSf;fhf elj;j tpUk;gpdhu;)
ghujpjhrd; Fapy;
ngUQ;rpj;jpudhu; njd;nkhop> jkpo;rpl;L> jkpo;epyk;
,uh[khu;jj ; hz;ld; nfhy;ypg;ghit
gRk;nghd; Kj;Juhkypq;fu; Nejh[p
Mj;khehk; o (rpw;wpjo;)
kP. ,uhNre;jpud; md;dk; tpL J}J> ftp
Rujh fhtpak;> tpz;kPd;
K.rp.g+u;zypq;fdhu; kw;Wk; QhdNghjpdp (mwptpay; ,jo;)
gupjpkhw; fiyQu;
kiwkiy mbfs; Qhdrhfuk;> Oriental Mystic Myna, Ocean of Wisdom
rp.kzp eil (rpw;wpjo;)
cj;jkNrhod; fpof;Fthry; cjak; (jpq;fspjo;)
jpU.tp.f Njrgf;jd;> etrf;jp
ngu;rpty; ghjpupahu; jpdtu;j;jkhdp
rp.R.nry;yg;gh vOj;J
,e;jpud; ntspr;rk;> Ez;fiy
F.g.uhrNfhghyd; jkpo;ehL> ghujkzp> ghujNjtp> fpuhk Copad;
e. gpr;r%u;j;jp `Dkd;> etrf;jp
mk;Ngj;fu; xLf;fg;gl;Nlhu; ghujk;
je;ij ngupahu; FbauR> tpLjiy> cz;ik> upNthy;l; (Mq;fpy
,jo;)
mNahj;jpjhru; xU igrh jkpod;
Fd;wf;Fb mbfshu; mwpf mwptpay;> mUNshir
Rg;gpughujp kzpad; fdT (,yf;fpa ,jo;)
re;jhjj; epiw (khj ,jo;)