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Bans 184 Hindi

Human environment notes IGNOU

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
114 views5 pages

Bans 184 Hindi

Human environment notes IGNOU

Uploaded by

pj77680
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ch,,u,l 184

dyk Lukrd
¼ tujy ,oa v‚ulZZ½
;ksX;rk lao/kZu ikBîØe
¼vfcyVh ,UgSULesUV dkslZ½

l=h;&dk;Z
tqykbZ 2023 ,oa tuojh 2024 esa iath—r f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy,

ikB~;Øe dksM % ch,,u,l 184


ch,,u,l 184 lkoZtfud LokLF; vkSj egkekjh foKku

lkekftd foKku fo|kihB


bfUnjk xk¡/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky; eSnkux<+h]
ubZ fnYyh&110068
fiz; Nk=]

tSlk fd geus vkidks dk;ZØe lanf'kZdk esa lwfpr fd;k gS] bXuw esa ewY;kadu nks Hkkxksa esa
gksrk gS% i) l=h; dk;Z }kjk lrr ewY;kadu] vkSj ii) l=kar ijh{kkA vafre ijh{kk ifj.kke
es]a lHkh l=h; dk;ksZa ds fy, 30 izfr'kr vad fu/kkZfjr gS] tcfd l=kar ijh{kk ds fy, 70
izfr'kr vadA

vkidks 6 ØsfMV ds ikB~;Øe ds fy, 3 vuqf'k{kd fpafgr l=h; dk;Z ¼Vh-,e-,-½ djus
gksx
a s] vkSj 4 ØsfMV ds ikB~;Øe ds fy, 2 l=h; dk;Z djus gksx a sA bl l=h; dk;Z dh
iqfLrdk eas ch,,u,l&184: lkoZtfud LokLF; vkSj egkekjh foKku uked ;ksX;rk lao/kZu
ikBîØe ds l=h; dk;Z ¼vlkbuesVa ½ lfEefyr gS tks 4 ØsfMV dk ikB~;Øe gSA bl
iqfLrdk esa 2 l=h; dk;Z gSa ftuds dqy 100 vad gaS] rFkk ewY;kadu esa 30 izfr'kr vf/kHkkj
gSA
l=h; dk;Z- I esa o.kZukRed Js.kh ds iz'u gSa vkidks bu iz'uksa ds mŸkj fuca/k ds leku]
izLrkouk ,oa fu"d"kZ ds lkFk fy[kus gksx
a sA budk iz;kstu fo"k; ls lacfa /kr vkidh
le>@tkudkjh dks O;ofLFkr] laxr rFkk lqLi"V rjhds ls o.kZu djus dh ;ksX;rk dks
tkapuk gSA

l=h; dk;Z-II esa e/; Js.kh ds ç'u ¼MCQs½ vkSj y?kq Js.kh ds ç'u ¼SCQ½ gSaA e/; Js.kh
ç'uksa ds fy, vkidks igys rdZ vkSj Li"Vhdj.k ds lanHkZ esa fo"k; dk fo'ys"k.k djuk
gksxk vkSj fQj laf{kIr rjhds ls mÙkj fy[kuk gksxkA budk ç;ksx vo/kkj.kkvksa vkSj
çfØ;kvksa dh fHkUurk] rqyuk vkSj blds foijhr ;k Li"V le> ds fy, vkidh {kerk dk
ijh{k.k djus ds fy, gksrk gSA y?kq Js.kh ds ç'u O;fä;ksa] ys[ku] ?kVukvksa ;k vo/kkj.kkvksa
vkSj çfØ;kvksa dh Li"V le> ds ckjs esa çklafxd / lVhd tkudkjh dks la{ksi esa ;kn
djus ds vkids dkS'ky dks csgrj cukus ds fy, gSaA

l=h; dk;Z djus ls igys] dk;ZØe lanf'kZdk esa fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+saA ;g
vfuok;Z gS fd vki l=h; dk;Z ds lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj vius 'kCnksa esa fy[ksAa vkidk mRrj
fdlh fo'ks"k Js.kh ds fy, fu/kkZfjr 'kCn&lhek dh vuqekfur lhek ds Hkhrj gksuk pkfg,A
;kn jf[k;s fd bu l=h; iz'uksa ds mRrj fy[kus ls vkids ys[ku( dkS'ky esa lq/kkj gksxk;
rFkk vki l=kar ijh{kk ds fy, rS;kj gks tk,axsA

tSlk fd dk;ZØe lanf'kZdk¼çksxzke xkbM½ esa mYys[k fd;k x;k gS] vkidks l=kar ijh{kk esa
mifLFkr gksus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr le; ds Hkhrj lHkh gLrfyf[kr vlkbuesaV ¼l=h; dk;Z½
tek djus gksx
a saA

iw.kZ fd;s x;s vlkbesVa dks tek djuk:

ços'k l= tek djus dh vafre tek djus dk LFkku


frFkh

tqykbZ 2023 esa ukekafdr f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, 30 vçSy 2024


Nk= ds v/;;u dsæa ds
tuojh 2024 esa ukekafdr f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, 31 vDVwcj 2024
leUo;d dks A

tek djk;s x;s l=h; dk;ksaZ dh v/;;u dsUnz ls jlhn vo'; izkIr djsa vkSj bls lqjf{kr
j[ksAa ;fn laHko gks rks] vlkbuesaV dh ,d tsjksDl ¼QksVksd‚ih½ vius ikl j[ksAa
ewY;kadu ds i'pkr] v/;;u dsUnz l=h; dk;ksZa dks vkidks ykSVk nsxkA d`i;k bl ij
fo'ks"k /;ku nsAa ewY;kadu ds i'pkr] v/;;u dsUnz dks l=h; dk;Z ds vad fo|kFkhZ
ewY;kadu izHkkx] bafnjk xk¡/kh jk"Vªh; eqDr fo'ofo|ky;] eSnku x<+h] ubZ fnYyh dks Hkstus
gksrs gSaA

ge vk'kk djrs gSa fd vki l=h; dk;Z es afn, x, funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj izR;sd Js.kh ds
izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj fy[ksx
a sA l=h; dk;ksZa ds mÙkj fy[krs le; fuEufyf[kr ckrksa dks
/;ku esa j[ks%a
1½ ;kstuk % l=h; dk;Z dks /;ku ls if<+,+A l=h; dk;Z ds iz’u ftu bdkb;ksa ij
vk/kkfjr gSa] mUgsa /;ku ls if<,+A izR;sd iz'u dk mŸkj fy[kus ds fy, mlds ckjs esa
egRoiw.kZ rF; uksV dj ya]s vkSj fQj mUgsa rkfdZd Øe esa O;ofLFkr dj yaAs
2½ laxBu % vius mÙkj dh dPph :ijs[kk cukus ls igys dqN csgrj rF;ksa dk pquko vkSj
fo'ys"k.k dhft,A mÙkj dh izzLrkouk vkSj fu"d"kZ ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsAa
mÙkj fy[kus ls iwoZ ;g lqqfuf'pr dj yas fd %
d½ vkidk mÙkj rdZlx
a r vkSj lqlaxr gS(
[k½ okD;ksa vkSj vuqPNsnkasa esa Li"V laca/k gS( rFkk
x½ mÙkj vkids Hkko] 'kSyh vkSj izLrqfr ds vk/kkj ij lgh gSA
3½ çLrqfrdj.k % tc vki vius mÙkj ls larq"V gks tk,¡ rks tek djkus ds fy, l=h;
dk;ksZa ds ç'uksa ds mÙkj dh LoPN izfr rS;kj djsaA mÙkj lkQ&lkQ vkSj viuh gLrfyfi
esa fy[kuk vfuok;Z gSA ftu fcanqvksa ij vki tksj nsuk pkgrs gks]a mUgsa js[kkafdr dj nsaA ;g
vo'; lqqfuf'pr dj yas fd vkidk mÙkj fu/kkZfjr 'kCn&lhek ds Hkhrj gh gksuk pkfg,A

'kqHkdkeuk,a !

ekuofoKku ladk;
lkekftd foKku fo|kihB ] bXuw] ubZ fnYyh
BANS 184: lkoZtfud LokLF; vkSj egkekjh foKku
¼vuqf'k{kd fpafgr l=h;&dk;Z ½
dkslZ dksM: BANS 184
l=h;&dk;Z dksM: BANS 184/ASST/TMA/2023-24
dqy vad: 100

l=h;&dk;Z esa nks vuqHkkx gSaA lHkh ç'u vfuok;Z gSaA

l=h; dk;Z&I
fuEufyf[kr esa çR;sd ds mÙkj 500 'kCnksa esa nsAa 20X2= 40

d. lkoZtfud ¼tu½ LokLF; D;k gS\ Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud LokLF; dk fooj.k fyf[k,A 20

[k. Hkkjr esa fofHkUu LokLF; ns[kHkky lsokvksa dh la{ksi esa ppkZ dhft,A 20

l=h; dk;Z&II
fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj 250 'kCnksa esa nhft,A 10X3=30

d. oSÜohdj.k vkSj LokLF; ij blds çHkkoksa dk fooj.k fyf[k,A 10

[k. Hkkjr ds LokLF; {ks= esa xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa ¼,uthvks½ dh Hkwfedk ij laf{kIr ppkZ djsAa 10

x. ekuo LokLF; ij ikuh esa tSfod] jklk;fud vkSj HkkSfrd dkjdksa ds çHkkoksa dh la{ksi esa ppkZ
dhft,A 10

fuEufyf[kr esa çR;sd dk mÙkj 150 'kCnksa esa nhft,A 5X6=30

d. lapkjh ¼laØked½ jksx 5

[k. egkekjh foKku 5

x. ;k–fPNd uewuk ¼jSaMe lSaifyax½ 5

?k. th.kZ ¼iqjkus½ jksx 5

p. Vh&VsLV 5

N. ,lih,l,l 5

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