oAi()

2 (a) Aspeed camera is positioned at the side of a road.

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THÊS

AREA
O Darryl Sleath/Shutterstock
The camera measures the speed of a vehicle on the road to determine whether
the vehicle is travelling too fast.
The camera takes two photographs of the vehicle 0.25 s apart.
The photographs are used to measure the distance travelled by the vehicle during
this time.
DO
(0) State the formula linking average speed, distance moved and time taken. NOT
(1)
WRITE

IN
(ii) In the time between the two photographs, the car travels a distance of 6.5 m. THIS
Calculate the average speed of the car. AREA
(2)

DO
average speed m/s
NOT
(i1) The speed limit of the road is 80 kilometres per hour.
WRITE
Determine whether the car is exceeding the speed limit.
(2)
IN
THIS

AREA

2
 AREA (b) The velocity-time graph shows how the velocity of a lorry changes with time.
30
THIS
IN
WRITE 20

NOT Velocity
in m/s
DO

20 30 40 50 60
Time ins
AREA
(0) Explain how the graph shows that the lorry has a constant acceleration.
THIS (2)
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO
(ii) State the formula linking acceleration, change in velocity and time taken.
(1)

AREA (üi) Calculate the acceleration of the lorry.

(3)
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO acceleration =
.m/s?
(Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)

L A0 5 3 2
Turn over
5 Astudent does an investigation to show how the velocity of a toy car changes when
the car rolls down a ramp onto a table and hits a wooden block,
DO
The graph shows how the velocity of the toy car changes with time. NOT

WRITE

IN
4 THIS

AREA

Velocity
in m/s

DO

1 NOT

WRITE

IN
0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
THIS
Time in seconds
AREA

(a) Calculate the distance travelled by the car during the first 0.4 seconds.
(4)

DO
NOT
WRITE

IN
THIS
distance = m
AREA

12

P6 8 3 8 7 A0 1 2 3 2
AREA (b) (0) Calculate the acceleration of the car between 0.40s and 045s.
(3)
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO acceleration = m/s
(i) State the formula linking resultant force, mass and acceleration.
(1)

AREA (iii) The car has a mass of0.13 kg.

Calculate the resultant force on the car as it slows down.

THIS
(2)
IN
wWRITE

NOT
DO resultant force =. N
(c) A piece of soft material is fixed to the front of the toy car.

Explain how this will affect the gradient of the velocity-time graph after the car
hits the block.
(3)

AREA
THIS

IN
WRITE
NOT
DO
(Total for Question5=13 marks)

13
Turn over º
 / ('pr)

2 The diagram shows a metal block on top of a wooden block.

The metal block is held stationary by force F DO
NOT
G metal
WRITE
block

IN
THIS
4.3 cm
AREA
wOoden 11cm
block
force F

(a) ) The weight of the metal block acts through point G.

Give the name of point G. DO
(1) NOT
WRITE
(iü) Name a piece of apparatus that could be used to measure the weight of the
metal block. IN
(1) THIS
AREA

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

38 9 0 6 2 0
 the pivot.
AREA (b) (0) State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
(1)

THIS
IN
WRITE
(ü) The weight of the metal block is 0.68 N.
NOT
is
DO Show that the moment of the weight of the metal block about point P
approximately 2.9 Ncm.
(1)

AREA
THIS (ii) Force Fis applied to the metal block to stop it from moving.
IN Calculate the magnitude of force F.
WRITE (3)

NOT
DO

force F=

(Total for Question 2 =7 marks)

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

Turn over >

0 2 0
4 The diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a car from the time the driver sees an
obstacle in the road until the car comes to rest.
DO
NOT
30
WRITE
Velocity 20
in m/s
IN
10 THIS

AREA
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
Time in seconds

(a) (0) Calculate the acceleration of the car between 1.8 and 8.0 seconds.
(3)

DO
NOT

WRITE
acceleration = m/s?
IN
(i) Calculate the braking distance of the car. THIS
(3)
AREA

braking distance = m

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

10

7 1 9 A 01 0 8
AREA () Explain the effect, if any, of increased driver tiredness on the thinking distance
and on the braking distance of the car.
4)
THIS
IN thinking distance
WRITE

NOT
DO
8braking distance

AREA
THIS (b) Which of these represents the distance-time graph for the car?
(1)
IN
WRITE
Distance Distance
NOT
A
DO B

Time Time

Distance Distance

AREA D

THISs
IN Time Time
WRITE
(Total for Question 4= 11 marks)
NOT
DO

11

Turn over
P 6 7 1 5 9 A0 11 2 8
 n4/a1(p)
7 The diagram shows two blocks at rest on a table, viewed from above.

Aspring is attached to the large block. DO

The small block is attached by a piece of string to a fixed point on the table. NOT

Astudent pushes the two blocks together so that the spring is compressed. WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

fixed point DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA
large block small block
mass 75 g mass 17g

spring

a) The student releases the blocks.

The kinetic energy (KE) store of the small block is 0.29 J when the blocks are no DO
longer in contact. NOT
Show that the speed of the small block is about 6 m/s.
WRITE
(3

IN
THIS

AREA

20
 (b) Using ideas albout momentum, show that the speed of the large block is
AREA about 1 m/s after the blocks are no longer in Contact.
(4)
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

AREA
(c) The small block takes 0.11s to reach 6 m/s.
THIS Calculate the mean force exerted on the small block by the spring.
(3)
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

mean force =

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE QUESTION 7 CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE

NOT
DO

21
Turn over
 (d) The small block then moves around the fixed point on the table.
The block moves in a circular orbit of radius 17.6 cm at a constant orbital speed of 6 m/s.
DO
The time period of the orbit can be found using the formula NOT

2r X orbital radius WRITE

orbital speed =
time period
IN
Calculate the time period of the orbit. THIS
(3)
AREA

DO
NOT

WRITE

time period = IN
THIS
(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)
AREA

TOTAL FOR PAPER= 70 MARKS

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

22

P6 71 6
 /21 (P)

AREA 10 Astudent uses this apparatus to investigate the stretching of a rubber band.
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT clamp stand rubber band

DO

weights
AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT This is the student's method.

" attach the 12cm long rubber band to a clamp stand
DO " hanga 1N weight from the other end of the rubber band
. determine the extension of the rubber band

The student repeats this method, increasing the weight by 1Neach time until the
weight is 10N.

(a) Describe how the student could determine the extension of the rubber band.
(3)
AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

23

Turn over
6 7 1 6 0 RA 0 2 3
 (b) The graph shows the student's results.
10.0
DO
NOT

7.5 WRITE

Weight
in N IN
THIS
5.0
AREA

2.5

0.0
0 10 15 20
DO
Extension in cm
NOT
(i) Explain how the graph shows that the rubber band does not obey Hooke's Law. WRITE
(2)
IN
THIS

AREA

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

24

0
AREA (0) The area under the curve on the graph is equal to the increase in the rubber
band's elastic energy store.
THIS Estimate the increase in the rubber band's elastic energy store when the
IN rubber band has been extended by 20 cm.
(4)
WRITE
NOT
DO

AREA
increase =
THIS
(Total for Question 10 =9 marks)
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

25

Turn over
R
 21/ 1 (1r)

AREA 5 the
Astudent investigates how the support forces acting on a metre rule are affected by
position of a mass hanger.
THIS He uses this apparatus.

IN
WRITE newton meter A newton meter B

NOT
DO

metre rule

AREA
mass hanger
THIS
IN
WRITE This is the student's method.

" suspend a metre rule from its 10cm and 90 cm marks using twO newton meters
NOT
place a mass hanger with a weight of 5Nat the 20 cm mark on the metre rule
DO " adjust the heights of the newton meters until the metre rule is horizontal
" record the readings on both newton meters
The student repeats the method, moving the mass hanger to a different position on
the metre rule each time.

(a) i) State the independent variable in the student's investigation.

(1)
AREA
THIS
(i) State two control variables in the student's investigation.
(2)
IN
WRITE 1

NOT 2
DO (iii) Suggest how the student could improve the quality of his data.
(1)

Turn over
6 71 6 2RA 0 9 2 4
 (b) The table shows the student's results.

Position of mass Reading on newton Reading on newton DO

hanger in cm meter A in N meter B in N NOT
20 5.1 14 WRITE

30 4.5 2.0
IN
40 3.9 2.6 THIS

50 AREA
3.3 3.3

60 2.6 3.9

70 2.0 4.5

80 14 5.1

The graph shows the results for newton meter A. DO

NOT
6.0
WRITE

4.0 IN
THIS
Reading on
newton meter
AREA
in N
2.0

0.0
20 40 60 80 100
Position of mass hanger in cm
DO
() Plot the results for newton meter B. NOT
(1)
WRITE
(i) Draw the line of best fit for newton meter B.
(1)
IN
THIS

AREA

10
AREA (ii) Describe the relationships shown by the graph. (4)

THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE (c) Using ideas about moments, explain why the reading on newton meter A
decreases as the mass hanger is moved towards newton meter B.
(3)
NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
(Total for Question 5= 13 marks)
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

11

Turn over
5 Adriver of a car sees an obstruction in the road ahead and must stop the car.
(a) (0 State the formula linking average speed, distance travelled and time taken. DONOT
(11

WRITE

(0) Acar travels at 21 m/s. IN

THIS
The driver's reaction time is 0.14 seconds.

Calculate the distance travelled by the car during the driver's reaction time. AREA
21

DO
NOT
distance = m
WRITE
(b) The car experiences a braking force of 7600 N.
The car has a mass of 1200kg. IN
THIS
(ö) State the formula linking force, mass and acceleration.
(1) AREA

() Calculate the acceleration of the car.

(2

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS
acceleration =. m/s?
AREA

5 A 0 1 36
AREA (i) Calculate the braking distance travelled as the speed of the car is reduced
from 21 m/s to Om/s.

THIS (3)

IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

distance= m

(Total for Question 5=9 marks)

AREA
THIs
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

15

Turn over º
L 3
2 Cricket is a sport played with bats and balls.

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

DO
NOT
(a) () Acricket player hits a ball with a bat. Before the ball is hit, it is moving to the
left with a momentum of 4.2 kg m/s. WRITE
The bat is in contact with the ball for 0.012 s.
IN
After the ball is hit, it moves to the right with a momentum of 6.7 kg m/s.
THIS
Calculate the mean force the bat exerts on the ball and state the direction of
the force. AREA
(3)

DO
mean force = N
NOT

direction WRITE

(i1) State the magnitude and direction of the mean force the ball ex rts on
IN
the bat,. THIS
(1)

magnitude of mean force = NAREA

direction of force
AREA (b) The cricket player wears padded protective equipment.
This protective equipment reduces the risk of injury to the player if they are struck
THIS by the cricket ball.
IN Explain how this protective equipment reduces the risk of injury to the player.
WRITE Use ideas about momentum in your answer.
(3)
NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
(Total for Question 2 =7 marks)
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
wRITE
NOT
DO

Turn over >

5 The graph shows how the thinking distance and the braking distance vary with the
speed of a car.
DO
60
NOT
braking WRITE
distance
50
IN
THIS

40 AREA
Distance
in m

30

20 DO
thinking
distance NOT

10 WRITE

IN
THIS
0
5 10 5 20
AREA
Speed in m/s

(a) Which of these does not affect thinking distance?

(1)
A alcohol consumed by the driver
B Condition of the road
DO
C speed of the car
NOT
D tiredness of the driver
WRITE

(b) Which of these would increase the braking distance of the car?
(1) IN
THIS
A faster reaction time of driver
B ice on the road AREA

3C more powerful brakes

D tyres with more grip

12

8 9 6 0
 AREA (c) Determine the stopping distance of the car when the speed of the car is
20 m/s.
THIS (3)

IN
WRITE

NOT
DO stopping distance = m
(d) (0) State the formula linking average
speed, distance moved and time taken.
(1)

(ii) Determine the reaction time of the driver of the car.

AREA
(3)
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO
reaction time =
(e) Calculate the mean braking
initial speed of 30m/s.
acceleration of the car as it brakes to a stop from an
(4)

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO acceleration =, m/s?
(Total for Question 5 = 13 marks)

13

0 1 3 3 2 Turn over
 */1(ar)
5 Diagram 1 shows a wooden plank balanced horizontally on two supports, Aand B.
A block is suspended from the plank between the supports by a cable of
DO
negligible weight.
NOT
force F
WRITE
25 cm 55 cm

plank IN
THIS
cable
AREA

block

Diagram 1 DO
NOT
(a) The weight of the block is 260 N.
WRITE
@State the formula linking moment, force and perpendicular distance from
the pivot.
IN
(1)
THIS

AREA

(ii) By taking moments about support A, calculate force F.

Assume the weight of the plank is negligible.
(3

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS
force F=
AREA

10

P 7 1 8 9 8 A O 1 0 2 0
 AREA (ii) Explain what will happen to the magnitude of force F if the
block is moved
towards support B.
THIS (3)
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

11

Turn over
 (b) Diagram 2 shows the block and the cable connecting the block to the plank.
DO
NOT

WRITE
cable

IN
THIS
block
AREA

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

Diagram 2 DO
NOT
(0 The centre of gravity of the block is located at point X.
WRITE
Draw an arrow on diagram 2 to show the weight of the block.
(2)
IN
THIS

AREA

12

A 0
 AREA (ii) The block also experiences a force due to the tension in the cable.
Explain why the block remains stationary when it is supported by this
THIS tension force.
(2)
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

AREA () Explain why the forces acting on the block are not an example of Newton's
third law of motion.
THIS (2

IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

(Total for Question 5=13 marks)

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

13
Turn over
L 2 0
 o6/21 Cr)
10 Astudent investigates how the time taken for a ball to roll down a slope changes
with the distance from the bottom of the slope.
DO
This is the student's method.
NOT
place a ball on the slope 1Ocm from the bottom of the slope
WRITE
. release the ball and start a stopwatch

stop the stopwatch when the ball arrives at the bottom of the slope N
THIS
record the time taken for the ball to roll down the slope
repeat for different distances from the bottom of the slope AREA

(a) Complete the table by placing a tick () to show which variables are the
independent, dependent and control variables in this investigation.
(4)

Independent Dependent Control

Surface of slope DO
NOT

Angle of slope WRITE

Distance travelled IN
THIS

Time taken AREA

(b) The table shows the student's results.

Distance travelled in cm Time talken in s

10 0.41
DO
20 0.58 NOT

30 0.71 WRITE

40 0.82
IN
50 0.91 THIS

AREA
(0) Plot the student's data on the grid.
(1)
(i) Drawa best fit curve.
(1)
 S0
AREA

THIS
40
IN
WRITE

NOT 30
DO Distance
in cm

20

10
AREA
THIS 0
0 0.2 04 0.6 0.8 1.0
IN
WRITE Time in s

(ii) The student concludes that the results obey this relationship
NOT
distance+ (time?)= constant
DO
Use the student's data to deduce whether the student's results support
this conclusion.
(4)

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO
(Total for Question 10 = 10 marks)

27

Turn over >

L
 o6/2s(tre)
AREA 8 Diagram 1shows a set of masses attached to a spring, which is suspended from
a support.
THIS
O0000000000000
support

IN
WRITE

NOT
DO spring

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE masses

NOT
DO Diagram1

(a) After the masses are added, the length of the spring is 14.6 cm.
The student measures the extension of the spring as 11.5 cm.
() Calculate the original length of the spring.
(1)

AREA

THIS original length = cm

IN () The student removes the masses and notices that the spring does not show
WRITE elastic behaviour.

Predict a value for the new length of the spring after the masses have
NOT been removed.
(1)
DO

new length of spring m

23

Turn over
(b) The student puts the masses back on the spring.
The student then pulls the masses down and releases them. DO
The masses vibrate up and down in a vertical direction, as shown in diagram 2. NOT

support WRITE

A00000900909009-e THIS
IN

AREA

spring

DO
NOT

WRITE

vibrations masses
IN
THIS

AREA

Diagram 2

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA
AREA The distance-time graph shows how the distance between the top of the masses
and the support changes with time as the masses vibrate.
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT Distance
DO

Time

AREA 0) Explain how the gradient of the graph shows that the masses accelerate as
they vibrate.
THIS (3)

IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

(i) Add crosses (X) to the distance-time graph to show all the times when the
masses are not moving.
AREA (2)

THIS (Total for Question 8=7 marks)

IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

25

Turn over >

 o4/23(22
4 The diagram shows two birds, just before bird Xcatches the smaller bird Y.
Both birds are travelling horizontally at constant velocity. DO
bird X NOT

WRITE

bird Y IN
THIS

AREA
velocity = 13 m/s velocity

mass =0.41 kg
(a) Show that the momentum of bird Xis about 5 kg m/s.
(2

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA
(b) The momentum of bird Yjust before it is caught is 0.15 kg m/s.
Calculate the total momentum of the birds just before bird X catches bird Y.
(1)

DO
NOT
momentum = kg m/s
WRITE
(c) State the total momentum of the birds just after bird Xhas caught birdY.
(1)
IN
THIS

momentum =
AREA
kgm/s

12

1 2 4
AREA (d) Bird Y has a mass of 0.17 kq.

Calculate the velocity of the birds just after bird Xhas caught bird Y.
THIS (3)

IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

velocity : m/s

(Total for Question 4 = 7 marks)

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

13
Turn over
6 (a) The graph shows how the velocity of a ball rolling down a long ramp changes
with time.
DO
3.0
NOT

WRITE

2.0
IN
Velocity THIS
in m/s
1. AREA

0.0
0.0 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Time ins

() Using the graph, calculate the acceleration of the ball. DO

(3)
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

acceleration: m/s

(W) State the feature of the graph that gives the distance travelled by the bal.
(1)

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

16

4 2 7 A 86 36
 AREA () Calculate the distance travelled by the ball in 2.5 seconds.
(3)
THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

distance= m

(b) The table shows data for the ball after it has travelled for two different times.

Time ins Distance in m

AREA
5.0 15

THIS 10,0 60
IN
WRITE Astudent suggests that these results obey the relationship:

NOT distance
= constant
time
DO
Use data from the table to deduce whether the results support this suggestion.
(3)

AREA

THIS
IN
WRITE

NOT
DO

(Total for Question 6= 10 marks)

17

Turn over º
2 This question is about moments.
Diagram 1shows the raised lower leg of a person.
DO
NOT

WRITE

0.25 m
IN
0.28 m THIS

AREA

weight of
pivot lower leg

0.55 m

DO
Diagram 1
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

A 06 2 8
AREA (a) () The moment of the weight of the lower leg about the pivot is 19 Nm.
Avertical force, F, is applied to the person's foot to keep the lower leg raised.
THIS
The lower leg does not move.
IN
WRITE Calculate the magnitude of force F, using the formula
moment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot
NOT (2)
DO

AREA
THIS
force F= N
IN
WRITE (i) Which distance is used to calculate the moment of the weight of the lower leg
about the pivot?
NOT (1)
A 0.25 m
DO B 0.28 m

C 0.30 m

K D 0.55 m

AREA
THIS
IN
WRITE
NOT
DO

Turn over >

P 7 3 4 2 9 A 7 2 8
(b) Diagram 2 shows the person resting their lower leg on two supports.
force X force Y DO
NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA
SupportA support B

weight of
lower leg
Diagram 2

DO
NOTWRITE

IN
THIS

AREA

DO

NOT

WRITE

IN
THIS

AREA
 AREA (0) The centre of gravity of the lower leg is 0.25 maway from support Aand
0.35 m away from support B.
THIS Explain whether force X or force Y is larger.

IN lgnore the weight of the upper leg.

WRITE
(3)

NOT
DO

AREA
(ii) A bag of ice is placed on the lower leg, vertically above the centre of gravity.
THIS
This causes force X and force Y to increase.
IN
WRITE The bag is then moved towards the person's foot.
Describe how force Xand force Ychange as the bag is moved towards the
NOT person's foot.
(3)
DO

AREA
THIs
IN
WRITE (Total for Question 2 =9 mnarks)

NOT
DO

Turn over >

09 2 8