POLLUTION

Submitted By:
ADARO KIM U.
ECOT, JECEL G.
DELA CERNA, JESSA B.
SALMO, JOYLYN N.
GOLIFARDO, JADE C.
TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3
Chapter 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
Chapter 2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
Chapter 3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
Curriculum Vitae -------------------------------------------------------------------10

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ABSTRACT

Environmental pollution is the addition of any substance (solid, liquid, or gas) or any
form of energy (such as heat, sound, or radioactivity) to the environment at a rate faster
than it can be dispersed, diluted, decomposed, recycled, or stored in some harmless
form. The introduction of harmful materials into the Environment are known as
pollutants. According to the National Geographic Society (2022), the three types of
pollution are Air pollution, Water pollution and Land Pollution. The release into the
atmosphere of various gases, finely divided solids, or finely dispersed liquid aerosols at
rates that exceed the natural capacity of the environment to dissipate and dilute or
absorb is known as Air Pollution and according to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), there are six major air pollutants, which are carbon monoxide that came
from automobile emissions, fires, and industrial processes. Nitrogen Oxide that came
from electricity generation, and industrial processes. Sulfur Dioxide which from fossil-
fuel combustion, industrial processes, and automobile emissions. Ozone which from
gasoline vapors, chemicals solvents, and electrical utilities. Particular Matter which are
released from fires, smokestacks, construction sites, and unpaved roads. And Lead
which is product of metal processing, waste incineration, and fossil-fuel combustion.
While the release of substances such as chemicals, trash, or microorganisms. water
pollution is the release of substances into bodies of water that makes water unsafe for
human use and disrupts aquatic ecosystems are called as Water Pollution. One of the
examples of Sources of Water Pollution is Solid Waste which includes the garbage,
rubbish, electronic waste, trash, and construction and demolition waste, all of which are
generated by individual, residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial activities
that is very common nowadays. However, the deposition of solid or liquid waste
materials on land or underground in a manner that can contaminate the soil and
groundwater, threaten public health, and cause unsightly conditions and nuisances is
known as Land Pollution. The causes of land pollution are Deforestation, Agricultural
Activities, Mining, Overcrowded landfills Urbanization and Improper Waste Disposal
which the dirt and all surrounding areas absorb the pollution and become dangerous for
people and animals.

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CHAPTER 1

Pollution is a significant environmental issue that affects the planet's health and the
well-being of all living organisms. The three main types of pollution are air pollution,
water pollution, and land pollution which are interrelated and contribute to the
degradation of natural ecosystems.

Air pollution is primarily caused by the release of harmful gases and particles into the
atmosphere. Major sources include vehicle emissions, industrial discharges, and the
burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil. These pollutants, such as carbon monoxide,
sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, contribute to global warming, respiratory diseases,
and environmental damage. The increasing reliance on industrial processes,
urbanization, and deforestation has exacerbated air pollution, leading to poor air quality
in many regions around the world.

Water pollution occurs when harmful substances such as chemicals, waste, and plastics
are discharged into water bodies, including rivers, lakes, and oceans. This
contamination often originates from industrial waste, agricultural runoff (pesticides and
fertilizers), and untreated sewage. As a result, aquatic ecosystems are severely
impacted, leading to the death of marine life and the disruption of food chains.

Land pollution refers to the degradation of the earth's surface caused by the improper
disposal of waste materials, including plastics, chemicals, and other hazardous
substances. This type of pollution is often driven by industrial activities, urban sprawl,
and the increasing production of non-biodegradable waste.

In conclusion, pollution is a pressing issue that arises from human activities, particularly
industrialization, urbanization, and inadequate waste management practices.
Addressing these challenges requires global cooperation, stricter regulations, and a
collective effort to adopt sustainable practices that reduce the environmental impact of
human activities. Pollution is more prevalent today due to several interconnected factors
driven by Human Activities such as Rapid Industrialization, Urbanization and Population

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Growth, Agricultural Intensification, Consumerism and Waste Generation and Climate
Change.

CHAPTER 2

To effectively prevent and reduce pollution, a comprehensive action plan or strategy

must address the root causes across various sectors. Here is a proposed action plan
with key strategies:
1. Strengthening Environmental Regulations
 Implement and Enforce Stricter Emission Standards: Governments should
establish stringent regulations for industries, vehicles, and power plants to limit
the release of harmful pollutants. Regular monitoring and heavy penalties for
non-compliance can ensure adherence.
 Regulate Agricultural Practices: Introduce and enforce laws that limit the use
of harmful pesticides and fertilizers. Promote the adoption of organic farming and
integrated pest management (IPM) techniques.
2. Promoting Sustainable Industrial Practices
 Encourage Clean Energy Adoption: Promote the use of renewable energy
sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Provide incentives for
industries to transition away from fossil fuels.
 Adopt Cleaner Production Techniques: Encourage industries to use eco-
friendly technologies and processes that reduce waste and emissions. Support
research and development in green technologies.
3. Enhancing Waste Management Systems
 Implement Comprehensive Recycling Programs: Develop and promote
recycling initiatives at the community level. Establish facilities for recycling and
composting to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills.
 Reduce Single-Use Plastics: Ban or limit the use of single-use plastics, and
promote alternatives such as biodegradable materials. Encourage businesses
and consumers to reduce plastic consumption.
4. Improving Public Transportation and Urban Planning
 Invest in Public Transportation: Expand and improve public transportation
networks to reduce the reliance on private vehicles, thereby decreasing air
pollution. Promote the use of electric vehicles through incentives and
infrastructure development.

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  Green Urban Planning: Integrate green spaces into urban areas to improve air
quality and provide natural buffers against pollution. Implement policies that
promote energy-efficient buildings and sustainable urban development.
5. Raising Public Awareness and Education
 Environmental Education Campaigns: Launch educational campaigns to raise
awareness about the impact of pollution and the importance of sustainable
practices. Target schools, communities, and businesses to foster a culture of
environmental responsibility.
 Promote Sustainable Lifestyles: Encourage individuals to adopt eco-friendly
habits, such as reducing energy consumption, using public transport, and
supporting sustainable products.

PROS AND CONS

1. Strengthening Environmental Regulations

 Pros:

o Effective Control: Strict regulations can significantly reduce emissions

and pollutants, leading to immediate environmental benefits.

o Legal Accountability: Provides a clear legal framework for holding

violators accountable, ensuring compliance.

 Cons:

o Economic Impact: May increase operational costs for businesses,

potentially leading to job losses or higher prices for consumers.

o Enforcement Challenges: Requires robust monitoring and enforcement

mechanisms, which can be resource-intensive.

2. Promoting Sustainable Industrial Practices

 Pros:

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 o Long-Term Sustainability: Encourages industries to adopt practices that
are beneficial in the long run, reducing environmental damage and
resource depletion.

o Innovation and Efficiency: Can lead to the development of more efficient

technologies and processes, improving overall productivity.

 Cons:

o High Initial Costs: Transitioning to cleaner technologies can require

significant upfront investment, which may be a barrier for small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

o Resistance to Change: Industries may resist adopting new practices due

to the complexity of overhauling existing systems.

3. Enhancing Waste Management Systems

 Pros:

o Waste Reduction: Effective waste management reduces the volume of

waste in landfills and decreases pollution levels in water and soil.

o Resource Recovery: Recycling programs can recover valuable materials,

reducing the need for raw material extraction.

 Cons:

o Infrastructure Costs: Establishing and maintaining recycling and waste

treatment facilities can be expensive, especially in developing regions.

o Public Participation: Success depends on public compliance and

participation, which may be inconsistent.

4. Improving Public Transportation and Urban Planning

 Pros:

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 o Reduced Emissions: Enhanced public transport and green urban spaces
can lead to significant reductions in air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions.

o Improved Quality of Life: Promotes healthier lifestyles by reducing traffic

congestion, improving air quality, and increasing access to green spaces.

 Cons:

o High Capital Investment: Expanding public transportation networks and

developing green urban areas require substantial financial investment.

o Implementation Time: Urban planning changes can take years to

implement, delaying the benefits.

5. Raising Public Awareness and Education

 Pros:

o Behavioral Change: Educating the public can lead to widespread

changes in behavior, reducing pollution at the source.

o Empowerment: Informed citizens are more likely to support and

participate in environmental initiatives.

 Cons:

o Slow Impact: Changing public attitudes and behaviors takes time, and
results may not be immediately visible.

o Message Saturation: Repeated campaigns may lead to public apathy if

not effectively targeted or refreshed.

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CHAPTER 3
Recommendations for Future Study or Research on Pollution

Pollution remains a critical global issue, affecting the health of ecosystems, humans,
and the planet at large. While substantial research has been conducted on various
aspects of pollution, there is a continuous need for further study to address emerging
challenges, refine existing strategies, and develop new approaches to mitigate the
impacts of pollution. Here are some key recommendations for future research:

1. Advanced Pollution Monitoring and Data Analytics: Research should focus on

developing and improving pollution monitoring technologies, including real-time sensors
and data analytics tools. These technologies can help track pollution sources, measure
pollutant levels more accurately, and predict pollution trends. Integrating artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with monitoring systems can enhance the
ability to analyze large datasets, identify patterns, and provide early warnings of
potential pollution events.

2. Impact of Microplastics and Nanoplastics: Future studies should investigate the

long-term environmental and health impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics.
Research should focus on their sources, distribution in various ecosystems, and effects
on wildlife and human health. Additionally, studies should explore methods for detecting
and removing microplastics from water bodies and soils.

3. Climate Change and Pollution Interaction: Research should explore the

interactions between climate change and pollution, particularly how climate change may
exacerbate pollution issues (e.g., increasing smog formation due to higher
temperatures) and how pollution contributes to climate change. This includes studying

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feedback loops, where pollution accelerates climate change, which in turn worsens
pollution.

4. Innovative Waste Management Technologies: Future research should prioritize

the development of innovative waste management technologies, such as biodegradable
materials, waste-to-energy conversion processes, and advanced recycling methods.

5. Behavioral Science and Public Engagement: Research should investigate the role
of behavioral science in influencing public attitudes and behaviors toward pollution
prevention. This includes studying how to effectively communicate environmental risks,
motivate sustainable practices, and encourage public participation in pollution control
efforts.

References:

Herath, H. M. H. B., Jayasekara, A. G. A. R., & Amaratunga, D. (2021). Real-time

environmental monitoring systems: Challenges and opportunities. Safety Science, 141,
105338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105338

Rochman, C. M., Tahir, A., Williams, S. L., Baxa, D. V., Lam, R., Miller, J. T., ... & Teh,
S. J. (2015). Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in
fish and bivalves sold for human consumption. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 1-10.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14340

West, J. J., Smith, S. J., Silva, R. A., Naik, V., Zhang, Y., Adelman, Z., ... & Lamarque,
J. F. (2013). Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air
quality and human health. Nature Climate Change, 3(10), 885-889.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2009

Dong, J., Tang, Y., Nzihou, A., Chi, Y., & Weiss-Hortala, E. (2019). Waste-to-energy:
Advanced cyclic cogeneration system with CO2-capture and energy storage. Waste
Management, 100, 299-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.021

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White, M. P., Pahl, S., Ashbullby, K. J., Herbert, S., & Depledge, M. H. (2013). Feelings
of restoration from recent nature visits. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 35, 40-51.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.04.002

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: KIM U. ADARO

Nickname: Kim
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: December 11, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 149.86 cm
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Barangay San Pedro, PPC
Father’s Name: Ernesto C. Adaro
Mother’s Name: Imelda U. Adaro

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERIARY: : Palawan State University – Main Campus

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
2020 – 2024

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SECONDARY: : Muntinlupa Business High School
Muntinlupa City, Manila
2018 – 2020

PRIMARY: : Alabang Elementary School

Muntinlupa City, Manila
2008 – 2014
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: ECOT. JECEL G.

Nickname: Bokie
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: March 02, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 153 cm
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Bagong Sikat, PPC
Father’s Name: Salmero Ecot
Mother’s Name: Jenita Ecot

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERIARY: : Palawan State University – Main Campus

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
2020 – 2024

12
SECONDARY: : Palawan National School
Puerto Princesa City
2018 – 2020

PRIMARY: : Paly National Elementary School

Paly Taytay, Palawan
2008 – 2014
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: DELA CERNA JEZZA B.

Nickname: Zhaii
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: May 26, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 152.4 cm
Religion: Baptist
Address: Barangay San Pedro, PPC
Father’s Name: Samule Dela Cerna
Mother’s Name: Tiresita Dela Cerna

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERIARY: : Palawan State University – Main Campus

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
2020 – 2024

13
SECONDARY: : Langogan National High School
Langogan, Palawan
2018 – 2020

PRIMARY: : Langogan Elementary School

Langogan, Palawan
2008 – 2014
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: JOYLYN SALMO

Nickname: JOY
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: June 18, 2002
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 150.0 cm
Religion: Christian
Address: Barangay Tiniguiban, PPC
Father’s Name: Ramil Salmo
Mother’s Name: Nelia Salmo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERIARY: : Palawan State University – Main Campus

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
2020 – 2024

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SECONDARY: : Sta. Teresita National High School
Punta, Sta. Teresita Dumaran, Palawan
2018 – 2020

PRIMARY: : Sta. Teresita Elementary School

Punta, Sta. Teresita Dumaran, Palawan
2008 – 2014
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Name: GOLIFARDO JADE C.

Nickname: Jade
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: July 07, 2001
Civil Status: Single
Nationality: Filipino
Height: 4’11 cm
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Barangay Tiniguiban, PPC
Father’s Name: Andrew M. Golifardo
Mother’s Name: Merlin C. Golifardo

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERIARY: : Palawan State University – Main Campus

Bachelor of Science in Criminology
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
2020 – 2024

15
SECONDARY: : Tinitian National High School
Roxas, Palawan
2018 – 2020

PRIMARY: : Tinitian Elementary School

Roxas, Palawan
2008 – 2014

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