GENERAL EDUCATION 6: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

SECTION 1:
An act to include in the Curricula of All Public
and Private schools, Colleges and Universities
courses on the life, works and writings of Jose
Rizal, particularly His Novel Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, Authorizing the printing and
Distribution Thereof, and for other Purposes

SECTION 2:
It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges, and
universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and unexpurgated
editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo,
as well as of Rizal’s other works and biography

SECTION 3:
The Board of National Education shall cause the
translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal
into English, Tagalog and the principal Philippine
RA 1425 dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular
editions; and cause them to be distributed, free of
charge, to persons desiring to read them, through
the Purok organizations and Barrio Councils
throughout the country

SECTION 4:
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amending or
repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven of the
Administrative Code, prohibiting the discussion of
religious doctrines by public school teachers and
other person engaged in any public school

SECTION 5:
The sum of three hundred thousand pesos is hereby
authorized to be appropriated out of any fund not
otherwise appropriated in the National Treasury to
carry out the purposes of this Act

SECTION 6:
This Act shall take effect upon its approval on June
12, 1956

- It sparked the debate in senate that revolved around

the separation of church and state issues which
primarily focused on the “unexpurgated edition”
of novel

RIZAL LAW Passed: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Passed on: MAY 17, 1956
Passed: SENATE
Passed on: MAY 17, 1956
Signed: RAMON MAGSAYSAY
Signed on: JUNE12, 1956

SEN. CLARO M. RECTO - Authored the Rizal Bill or Senate Bill No. 438 also
known as the R. A. 1425
SEN. JOSE P. LAUREL - Sponsored the Rizal Bill
AMBETH OCAMPO - Essayist of Rizal
  Francisco Soc Rodrigo
 Mariano Jesús Cuenco
 Decoroso Rosales
OPPOSED THE RIZAL LAW  Catholic Action of the Philippines
 Congregation of the Mission
 Knights of Columbus
 Catholic Teachers Guild

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT IN THE 1950’S

The tension is brought about by the Objectives of Rizal Bill
issues on:
 Political unrest between Communism  To rededicate the lives of the youth to the
and Democratic Ideology idea of freedom and nationalism, for
 The growth of Communism in East Asia which our hero lived and died;
 HUKBALAHAP rebellion in the Philippines  To pay tribute to our national hero for
 Magsaysay create a wide-scale devoting his life and works in
propaganda program to educate the  shaping the Filipino character; and
youth on the evils of communism  To gain an inspiring source of patriotism
(Reyno, 2012) through the study of Rizal’s life, works
 In support, Senator Claro M. Recto and writings
created Senate Bill 438 known as Rizal
Bill

RIZAL AS A PERSON
Name JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONZO REALONDA
Birthdate June 19, 1861
Died December 30, 1896
Birthplace Calamba, Laguna
Baptized by Father Rufino Collantes
Godfather Rev. Pedro Casañas
Height Almost 5’3”
Polymath Genius in both arts and science
Polyglot Conversant in 22 languages
Mode or execution of Firing Squad
killing
Exiled in Dapitan, Zamboanga (July 17, 1892 to 1896)
Imprisoned in Fort Santiago (November 3 to December 29, 1896) for 56
days
Fired in Bagumbayan
Buried in Paco Cemetery
Entombed in Luneta Park (Bagumbayan or Liwasang Rizal)
Last words of Rizal Consummatum Est (it is finished)
 Noli Me Tangere
Famous Novels  El Filibuterismo
 Makamisa

 Usman – Dog
Pets of Rizal  Alipato – Pony

 Draco Rizali - Lizard

Animals named after Rizal  Apogonia Rizali - Beetle
 Rhacophorus Rizali – Frog
  Fencing
 Chess master
 Gun slinger
Sports and hobbies  Learned the Game of Judo
 Kite flying
 Leisure time

CHILDHOOD OF RIZAL
MEMOIRS OF A STUDENT - Rizal’s diary where he wrote that his mother had a
IN MANILA difficult time giving birth to him

THE STORY OF THE MOTH - Metaphor of Rizal’s life

AMIGO DE LOS NIÑOS - The Children’s Friend, a story book

At the age of 3 - Learned Alphabet

At the age of 5 - Could read and write

FAMILY MEMBERS
FATHER MOTHER
- FRANCISCO ENGRACIO RIZAL - TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA Y
MERCADO Y ALEJANDRA II QUINTOS
- Born on May 18, 1818 in Biñan, Laguna - Born on November 9, 1827 in Manila
- Youngest of 13 children - Second child
- Child of Cirila Alejandro and Juan - Child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brigida De
Mercado Quintos
- Attended Colegio de San Jose in Manila. - Attended College of Sta. Rosa
- Degree in Philosophy and Latin - Rizal described her as “a woman of
- Rizal described her as “a model of higher culture”
fathers” - She was married to Don Francisco on June
- Elected in Calamba as Cabeza De 28, 1848
Barangay - Granddaughter of Eugenio Ursua (full
- Grandson of Domingo Lamco (full blooded Japanese)
blooded Chinese)
SIBLINGS
- Oldest of the siblings
- She’s known as “NENENG”
- Attended La Concordia College in Manila
SATURNINA - Married to Manuel Hidalgo of Tanuan Batangas
- In 1909, she published Pascual Poblete’s Tagalog
translation of Noli Me Tangere
- She died on 1913, at the age of 63

- Only brother
- Jose referred to him as “UTO”
- Attended Collegio de San Jose in Manila
- He sent a monthly allowance of 50 pesos to Jose Rizal
- He became a Military Commander of Katipunan.
PACIANO “CIANO” - He married Severina Decena and they had 2 children.
- He died of Tuberculosis at the age of 79
- Would constantly send money to Spain and update his
younger brother to the friars’ abuses in the Philippines
through letters
- Died on April 30, 1930

- Known as “SISA”
- She supported her Brother Jose’s studies abroad
- She could narrate all of the poems of Jose Rizal
- Married to Antonio Lopez, a teacher and musician
- She relentlessly searched for the grave of Rizal in Paco
 NARCISA Cemetery and after 2 days she found it and marked the
grave with the initials R.P.J.
- Helped in Rizal’s studies in Europe even pawning her
jewelry and peddling her clothes if needed
- Died on 1939, at the age of 87

- Known as “YPIA”
- Married to Silvestro Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from
Manila
- Jose loved to tease her; he described Ypia as stout sister
OLIMPIA - Attended in La Concordia College
- She was the schoolmate of Jose’s first love, Segunda
Katigbak
- Willingly served as a mediator between Segunda
Katigbak and Jose Rizal
- Died on 1887, at the age of 32

- Known as “LUCIA”
- Married to Mariano Herbosa and they had five
children.
- Mariano died in 1889 Cholera Epidemic, but he was
LUCIA denied a Christian burial due to the fact that he was
Jose Rizal’s brother-in-law
- In response Jose Rizal wrote the UNA PROFANACION
- She is charged of inciting the Calamba townsfolk not to
pay land rent and causing unrest
- She passed away in 1919

- Known as “BIANG”
- Married to Daniel Faustino Cruz and they had 5
children
MARIA - One of Maria’s children, Mauricio Cruz, became one of
the students of Rizal in Dapitan
- She was the recipient of many of Rizal’s letter
- They are exchanging letter while Rizal is in Europe
- Maria passed away in 1945

- Known as “PEPE”
- The seventh child of Don Kiko and Doña Lolay
- Married to Josephine Bracken
JOSE - Had 1 child named Francisco Rizal y Bracken
- Born on June 19, 1861 in Biñan, Laguna
- Wrote the famous El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere
- Died on December 30, 1896; at the age of 35

- Known as “CONCHA”
- Died on 1865, at the age of three (3)
- Died of sickness
CONCEPCION - Rizal’s first sorrow
- Jose played with her and from her he learned the
sweetness of a sisterly love

- Known as “PANGGOY”
- She suffered from epilepsy
- She joined and was an active member of the
Katipunan
JOSEFA - Unmarried and lived with sister Trinidad until death
- Jose praised her for nearly mastering the English
language Jose wrote about the 20 he sent, the10 peso
of the amount was supposed for a lottery ticket
- She died in 1945
 - Known as “TRINING”
- Known as the custodian of Mi Ultimo Adios
- She also joined Katipunan when Jose died
TRINIDAD - Remained single and share a home with her sister
Josefa
- Help found the first Masonic lodge for women in the
Philippines
- A member of Walana
- She died in 1951, having outlived all of her siblings

- Known as “CHOLENG”
- Youngest of the Rizal’s siblings
- Married Pantaleon Quintero and had 5 children
SOLEDAD - Most educated among Rizal’s sister
- She was an Educator
- She passed away in 1929

MEANING OF RIZAL’S NAMES

- Was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the
JOSE Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)

PROTACIO - From Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar

- From the word “Ricial” in Spanish means a field where

RIZAL wheat, cut while still green sprouts again or green field/
new pasture

- Adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco(the paternal great

MERCADO great-grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term
Mercado means “market” in English

ALONZO - Old surname of his mother

- It was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her

REALONDA godmother based on the culture that time

NICKNAMES
- His pen name when he wrote poems and articles for
La Solidaridad
- Ever ready
- "Laong" is a Tagalog word meaning "a long time," while
LAON LAANG laan," means "reserved for a purpose" Laong Laan thus
means "kept in reserve for a purpose for a long time"
- The name of a railway station in Manila
- “Amor Patrio” meaning love of country: the piece
was included in “Diarong Tagalog”

P. JACINTO - First pen name when he writes his own autobiography

AGNO - Another nickname of Jose Rizal

- Pepe derived from Saint Joseph P.P. (pater putativus in

PEPE latin) ‘P’ is pronounced ‘peh’ in Spanish. That’s why Jose
was called as Pepe

UTE - Nickname from his siblings

- Jose Rizal also used the pen name Dimasalang when he

served as a correspondent of the same Spanish
DIMASALANG Newspaper La Solidaridad
 - Untouchable

- Used this pseudonym when he transferred to Madrid

MAY PAG-ASA and became a member of Freemasonry

4 REASONS WHY RIZAL WAS EXILED TO DAPITAN

1 He brought with him from Hongkong leaflets entitled PROBRES FRAILES (“Poor
Friars”)
He was accused of dedicating his second novel, El Filibusterismo, to the memory of the
2 three priests who had been proven traitors to the nation but whom he extolled as
martyrs
3 He advocated the separation from Spain as the only means of salvation for the
Philippines
Charged for seeking to “De-catholicize, which is equivalent to denationalize this
4 Philippine land which will always be Spanish and as such, always Catholic
ORGANIZATIONS
- Founded on July 3, 1892 in the HOUSE OF DOROTEO
ONJUNCO in Tondo, Manila

President: AMBROSIO SALVADOR

Fiscal: AGUSTIN DELA ROSA
Treasurer: BONIFACIO AREVALO
Secretary: DEODATO ARELLANO
Adviser: JOSE RIZAL
Founder: JOSE RIZAL

LA LIGA FILIPINA - Jose Rizal was secretly arrested on July 6, 1892

- Governor General Eulogio Despujol ordered Rizal’s

deportation to Dapitan, on July 7, 1892

- Founded in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya

Street, Tondo, Manila

- The organization derived from La Solidaridad and the

Propaganda movement

- An organization created in Spain and issued a

newspaper of the same name published in Barcelona,
Spain

- Biweekly newspaper which not only includes articles

and essays regarding the cultural, economic, political,
and social situation of the country, but also current local
and foreign news

LA SOLIDARIDAD - Jose Rizal’s cousin Galicano Apacible headed the

organization

- The Soli, as the reformists fondly called their official

organ, came out once every two weeks.

- The first issue saw print was published on November 15,

1895

First Editor: Graciano Lopez Jaena

Second Editor: Marcelo H. del Pilar (October 1889)
 MEMBERS OF PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
- Laong Laan, Dimasalang

Works:

 THE FILIPINO FARMERS (Los Agricultores Filipinos)

- March 25, 1889
DR. JOSE P. RIZAL
 TO LA DEFENSA (A La Defensa)
- April 30, 1889

 TRAVELS (Los Viajes)

- May 15, 1889

 THE TRUTH FOR ALL (La Verdad Para Todos)

- May 31, 1889

 VICENTE BARRANTES’ TAGALOG THEATRE

(Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo)
- June 15, 1889

 DEFENSE OF THE NOLI (Defensa Del Noli)

-June 18, 1889

 NEW FACTS/NEW TRUTHS (Verdades Nuevas)

- July 31, 1889

 A DESECRATION/A PROFANATION (Una

Profanacion)
- July 31, 1889

 CRUELTY (Crueldad)
- August 15, 1889

 DIFFERENCES (Diferencias)
- September 15, 1889

 INCONSEQUENCES (Inconsequencias)
- November 30, 1889

 TEARS AND LAUGHTER (Llanto Y Risas)

- November 30, 1889

 THE PHILIPPINES WITHIN ONE HUNDRED YEARS

(Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anos)
- Serialized in on September 30, October 31,
December 15, 1889, February 15, 1890

 INGRATITUDE (Ingratitudes)
- January 15, 1890

 ON THE NEW ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE TAGALOG

LANGUAGE (Sobre La Nueva Ortografia De La
Lengua Tagala)
- April 15, 1890

 THE INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS (Sobre La

Indolencia De Los Filipinas)
- Serialized in July 15 to September 1, 1890

 TO COUNTRY (A La Patria)
 - November 15, 1889

 WITHOUT NAME (Sin Nombre)

- February 28, 1890

 THINGS ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES (Cosas de

Filipinas)
- April 30, 1890

- Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat, Dolores Manapat

- His parents were Julian H. del Pilar, noted Filipino writer
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR and Biasa Gatmaita
- He was born at Cupang, San Nicolas, Bulacan on August
30, 1850

- He established the Diariong Tagalog in 1883 where he

exposed the evils of the Spanish government in the
Philippines and in order to avoid the false accusations
hurried at him by the priests

Works:

 PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA (Love of Country)

 KALINGAT KAYO (Be Careful)
 DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes)
 ANG CADAQUILAAN NG DIOS (God's Goodness)
 LA SOBERANIA EN PILIPINAS (Sovereignty in the
Philippines)

- A most notable hero and genius of the Philippines

- Born on December 18, 1856 and died on January 20,
1896
- He established the first magazine LA SOLIDARIDAD
- Graciano Lopez Jaena died in a charity hospital in
Barcelona, eleven months before his best friend Rizal
was shot at the Luneta
GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
Works:

 ANG FRAY BOTOD (Friar Botod)

 LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar)
 EVERYTING IS HAMBUG (Everything is mere show)
 SA MGA PILIPINO
 PAG-ALIS SA BUWIS SA PILIPINAS (Abolition of
Taxes in the Philippines)

- Tagailog
- Pharmacist who was banished by the Spaniards to Spain
- He joined the Propaganda Movement and contributed
his writings to LA SOLIDARIDAD
- He died at the age of 33 in June 1899

ANTONIO LUNA Works:

 NOCHE BUENA (Christmas Eve)

 SE DEVIERTEN (How They Diverted Themselves)
 LA TERTULIA FILIPINA (A Filipino Conference or
Feast)
 POR MADRID (For Madrid)
 LA CASA DE HUEPEDES (The Landlady's House)
 - Tikbalang, Kalipulako, Naning
- Mariano Ponce became an editor-in-chief, biographer
and researcher of the Propaganda Movement
- The common themes of his works were the values of
education

MARIANO PONCE Works:

 MGA ALAMAT NG BULACAN (Legend of Bulacan)

 PAGPUGOT KAY LONGINOS (The Beheading of
Longinos)
 SOBRE FILIPINOS (About the Filipinos)
 ANG MGA PILIPINO SA INDO-TSINA (The Filipinos
in Indo-China)

- A scholar, dramatic, researcher and novelist of the

Propaganda Movement
- He also joined the Confratemity of Masons and the
Asociacion Hispano-Pilipino in order to further the aims
of the Movement
- He was the first Filipino writer who escaped censorship
of the press during the last day of the Spanish
PEDRO PATERNO colonization

Works:

 NINAY
 A MI MADRE (To My Mother)
 SAMPAGUITA Y POESIAS VARIAS (Sampaguitas
and Varied Poems)

- JORMAPA
- Known for having photographic mind
- A member of a number of movements for the country

Works:
JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN
 ANG LUPANG TINUBUAN (My Native Land)
 ANG AKING BUHAY (My Life)
 SU PLANO DE ESTUDIO (Your Study Plan)
 EL PENSAMIENTO (The Thinking)

EDUCATION OF RIZAL
CALAMBA
- First Teacher
DOÑA TEODORA - Taught Jose Rizal the ABC’s
- Stimulated her son’s imagination by telling many stories
- Encouraged to write poems

TIO JOSE ALBERTO - Cultivate his artistic ability

TIO MANUEL - Physical exercises

TIO GREGORIO - Intensified avidness to read good books

MAESTRO CELESTINO - Was Jose’s first private tutor

MAESTRO LUCAS PADUA - Was the second private tutor

LEON MONROY - Tutor in Spanish and Latin

- He was a classmate of Don Francisco
 BIÑAN
MAESTRO JUSTINIANO - Strict disciplinarian
AQUINO CRUZ
PEDRO - The bully

ANDRES SALANDANAN - Challenged him to arm-wrestling match

- Arrested for alleged attempt to poison her sister-in-law,

TEODORA ALBERTO
THE IMPRISONMENT OF - She was around 45 years – old
DOÑA TEODORA - Walk 50 km around Laguna
- Was deported to Guam
- Imprisoned for 2 years without trial

- 200 workers staged a mutiny led by FERNANDO LA

MADRID
THE DEATH OF GOMBURZA  MARIANO GOMEZ - Bacoor Priest
 JOSE BURGOS - Manila Priest
 JACINTO ZAMORA - Marikina Priest

ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL
- Excellent School for boys

- BACHELOR OF ART DEGREE – Sobresaliente

- Initially denied admission:

 Was already late for registration
 He was frail and sickly

- He was admitted because of the intervention of MANUEL XERES BURGOS

- Classes in Ateneo were divided into two groups:

 ROMAN EMPIRE
 CARTHAGINIAN EMPIRE

- At the end of one month, he had attained the rank of EMPEROR

- A man with mood swing. He was a bit of a lunatic with a

JOSE BECH sporadic sense of humor

- Best professor, a model of decency, solitude and love

FRANCISCO DE PAULA for the student
SANCHEZ
ROMUALDO DE JESUS - Sculpture

DON AGUSTIN SAEZ - Drawing and painting

THE COUNT OF MONTE - First foreign book read by Rizal

CRISTO
- Book which had greatest influence upon the young
TRAVELS IN THE man’s career
PHILIPPINES
 Gymnastics
 Fencing
Rizal also participate in:  Sculpture
 Drawing and painting

UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS

- Enrolled on April 1877

- Nearly 16 y/o
- Study PHILOSOPHY AND LETTERS

- During his first term (1877 - 1879), he studies COSMOLOGY, METAPHYSICS,

THEODICY, and HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

- He enrolled for 2 reasons:

 His father like it
 He is unsure of what career to pursue

- After his first year, he enrolled to medicine

- He pursued medicine for the following reasons:
 To cure his mother’s failing eyesight
 FR. PABLO RAMON recommended medicine

LAND SURVEYOR AND - Took vocational course at Ateneo

ASSESSORS DEGREE

- In 1879, he joined in Artistico-Literario this poem

A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA - He won First Place and received feathered shaped and
gold-ribbon-decorated silver pen

- His allegorical drama that won First Place

EL CONSEJO DE LOS - He received gold ring engraved with a bust of Cervantes
DIOSES
MIGUEL DE CERVANTES - Spanish author of Don Quixote

 THE THREE MUSKETEERS by Alexandre Dumas

BOOK THAT INFLUENCED (1844)
RIZAL  ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY by Finn Mark
Twain (1884)
 CYRANO DE BERGERAC by Edmond Rostand (1897)

 ABD-EL-AZIS Y MAHOMA (1879) - recalls the

struggle between the Spaniards and the Moors in
Spain

 JUNTO AL PASIG (1880) - zarzuela performed by

OTHER WORKS PUBLISHED Ateneans
BY RIZAL
 A FILIPINAS (1880) – a sonnet about reflection on
the beauty and richness of the Philippines

 AL M.R.P. PABLO RAMON (1881) – a poem in

tribute to Ateneo’s rector, an expression of affection
for Father Pablo Ramon

RIZAL STOP ATTENDING Reasons:

CLASS on 1882 • The Dominican Professor were hostile to him
• The Spaniards discriminated Filipinos based on their
race.
• The teaching method was antiquated and oppressive
• He did not received high scholastic honors as a result of
his
professors’ attitude.

OTHER TERMS
- Established on November 21, 1849
- Spanish Governor General to the Philippines NARCISO
CLAVERIA DECREE OF 1849 CLAVERIA
- Attempt to assign all Filipinos surnames
 - Bonifacio sent to consult José Rizal in Dapitan before
PIO VALENZUELA launching armed action

GOVERNOR GENERAL - Initiated the use of surnames for taxation purposes

NARCISO CLAVERIA

GOVERNOR GENERAL - Requested Rizal to come to Malacañang due to the

EMILIO TERRERO complaints of the friars on the Noli Me Tangere

§ In Memory of My Town – a poem about his love for his hometown

§ 4. University of Sto. Tomas

• 5. Universidad Central de Madrid
• On Nov 3, 1882, he enrolled in coursed:
• Medicine - Fair
• Philosophy and Letters – with honours.
• On June 1884 he was awarded with the Degree of Licentiate in Medicine -
• Dr. Miguel Morayta – “freedom of Science and the teacher should be
protected”