THE SALE OF GOODS ACT, 1930
THE SALE OF GOODS ACT, 1930
SOG 1. What is meant by delivery of goods under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930? State various
modes of delivery.
(QP – May 2018)
SOG 2. Mr. D sold some goods to Mr. E for ₹5,00,000 on 15 days credit. Mr. D delivered the goods.
On due date, Mr. E refused to pay for it. State the position and rights of Mr. D as per The Sale of
Goods Act, 1930.
(QP – May 2018)
SOG 3. Differentiate between Ascertained and Unascertained Goods with example.
(QP – November 2018)
SOG 4. What is the Doctrine of “Caveat Emptor”? What are the exceptions to the Doctrine of
“Caveat Emptor”?
(QP – November 2018, November 2020)
SOG 5. Mr. G sold some goods to Mr. H for certain price by issue of an invoice, but payment in
respect of the same was not received on that day. The goods were packed and lying in the godown of
Mr. G. The goods were inspected by H’s agent and were found to be in order. Later on, the dues of the
goods were settled in cash. Just after receiving cash, Mr. G asked Mr. H that goods should be taken
away from his godown to enable him to store other goods purchased by him. After a day since Mr. H
did not take delivery of the goods, Mr. G kept the goods out of the godown in an open space. Due to
rain, some goods were damaged.
Referring to the provisions of The Sale of Goods Act, 1930, analyse the above situation and decide
who will be held responsible for the above damage. Will your answer be different, if the dues were not
settled in cash and are still pending?
(QP – November 2018)
SOG 6. “A non-owner can convey better title to the bonafide purchaser of goods for value”. Discuss
the cases when a person other than the owner can transfer title in goods as per the provisions of The
Sale of Goods Act, 1930?
(QP – May 2019, November 2020)
SOG 7. M/s Woodworth & Associates, a firm dealing with the wholesale & retail buying and selling
of various kinds of wooden logs, customized as per the requirement of the customers. They dealt with
Rose wood, Mango wood, Teak wood, Burma wood etc.
Mr. Das, a customer, came to the shop and asked for wooden logs measuring 4 inches broad and 8 feet
long as required by the carpenter. Mr. Das specifically mentioned that he required the wood which
would be best suited for the purpose of making wooden doors and window frames. The shop owner
agreed and arranged the wooden pieces cut into as per the buyer’s requirements.
The carpenter visited Mr. Das’s house next day and he found that the seller has supplied Mango Tree
wood which would be most unsuitable for the purpose. The carpenter asked Mr. Das to return the
wooden logs as it would not meet his requirements.
The shop owner refused to accept the wooden logs on the plea that logs were cut to specific
requirements of Mr. Das and hence could not be resold.
(i) Explain the duty of the buyer as well as the seller according to the Doctrine of ‘Caveat Emptor’.
(ii) Whether Mr. Das would be able to get the money back or the right kind of wood as required for
serving his purpose?
(QP – May 2019)
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THE SALE OF GOODS ACT, 1930
SOG 8. What are the rights of an unpaid seller against goods under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930?
(QP – November 2019)
SOG 9. Mrs. Geeta went to the local rice and wheat wholesale shop and asked for 100 kgs of
Basmati rice. The shopkeeper quoted the price of the same as ₹125 per kg to which she agreed.
Mrs. Geeta insisted that she would like to see the sample of what will be provided to her by the
shopkeeper before she agreed upon such purchase. The shopkeeper showed her a bowl of rice as
sample. The sample exactly corresponded to the entire lot.
The buyer examined the sample casually without noticing the fact that even though the sample was
that of Basmati Rice but it contained a mix of long and short grains. The cook on opening the bags
complained that the dish if prepared with the rice would not taste the same as the quality of rice was
not as per requirement of the dish. Now, Mrs. Geeta wants to file a suit of fraud against the seller
alleging him of selling mix of good and cheap quality rice. Will she be successful?
(i) Explain the basic law on sale by sample under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930.
(ii) Decide the fate of the case and options open to the buyer for grievance redressal as per the
provisions of The Sale of Goods Act, 1930.
(iii) What would be your answer if Mrs. Geeta specified her exact requirement as to length of rice?
(QP – November 2019)
SOG 10. Ms. R owns a two-wheeler which she handed over to her friend Ms. K on sale or return
basis. Even after a week Ms. K neither returned the vehicle nor made payment for it. She instead
pledged the vehicle to Mr. A to obtain a loan. Ms. R now wants to claim the two-wheeler from Mr. A.
Will she succeed?
(i) Examine with reference to the provisions of The Sale of Goods Act, 1930, what recourse is
available to Ms. R?
(ii) Would your answer be different if it had been expressly provided that the vehicle would remain
the property of Ms. R until the price has been paid?
(QP – November 2020)
SOG 11. What are the rules which regulate the Sale by Auction under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930?
(QP – January 2021)
SOG 12. What are the differences between a ‘Condition’ and ‘Warranty’ in a contract of sale? Also
explain, when shall a ‘breach of condition’ be treated as ‘breach of warranty’ under provisions of The
Sale of Goods Act, 1930?
(QP – January 2021, December 2021)
SOG 13. Mr. T was a retail trader of fans of various kinds. Mr. M came to his shop and asked for an
exhaust fan for kitchen. Mr. T showed him different brands & Mr. M approved of a particular brand &
paid for it. The fan was delivered at Mr. M’s house but at the time of opening the packet he found that
it was a table fan. He informed Mr. T about the delivery of the wrong fan. Mr. T refused to exchange
the same saying that the contract was complete after the delivery of the fan and payment of price.
(i) Discuss whether Mr. T is right in refusing to exchange as per the provisions of The Sale of Goods
Act, 1930?
(ii) What is the remedy available to Mr. M?
(QP – January 2021)
SOG 14. “Risk Prima Facie passes with property.” Elaborate in the context of The Sales of Goods
Act, 1930.
(QP – July 2021)
SOG 15. Discuss the rights of an unpaid seller against the buyer under The Sales of Goods Act, 1930.
(QP – July 2021)
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THE SALE OF GOODS ACT, 1930
SOG 16. Mr. Das, a general store owner went to purchase 200 kgs of Basmati Rice of specific length
from a whole seller. He saw the samples of rice and agreed to buy the one for which the price was
quoted ₹150 per kg. While examining the sample, Mr. Das failed to notice that the rice contained a mix
of long and short grain of rice.
The whole seller supplied the required quantity exactly the same as shown in the sample. However,
when Mr. Das sold the rice to one of his regular customers she complained that the rice contained two
different qualities of rice and returned the rice.
With reference to the provisions of The Sales of Goods Act, 1930 discuss the options open to Mr. Das
for grievance redressal. What would be your answer in case Mr. Das specified his exact requirement as
to length of rice?
(QP – July 2021)
SOG 17. Distinguish between ‘Sale’ and ‘Hire Purchase’ under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930.
(QP – December 2021)
SOG 18. TK ordered timber of 1 inch thickness for being made into drums. The seller agreed to
supply the required timber of 1 inch. However, the timber supplied by the seller varies in thickness
from 1 inch to 1.4 inches. The timber is commercially fit for the purpose for which it was ordered. TK
rejects the timber. Explain with relevant provisions of The Sales of Goods Act, 1930 whether TK can
reject the timber.
(QP – December 2021)
SOG 19. AB sold 500 bags of wheat to CD. Each bag contains 50 kilograms of wheat. AB sent 450
bags by road transport and CD himself took remaining 50 bags. Before CD receives delivery of 450
bags sent by road transport, he becomes bankrupt. AB being still unpaid, stops the bags in transit. The
official receiver, on CD’s insolvency claims the bags. Decide the case with reference to the provisions
of The Sale of Goods Act, 1930.
(QP – December 2021)
SOG 20. What are the consequences of destruction of specified goods, before making of contract and
after the agreement to sell under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930?
(QP – June 2022)
SOG 21. What are the implied conditions in a contract of ‘Sale by sample’ under The Sale of Goods
Act, 1930? Also, state the implied warranties operative under the Act.
(QP – May 2019, June 2022)
SOG 22. Sonal went to a jewellery shop and asked the sales girl to show her diamond bangles with
ruby stones. The jeweller told her that we have a lot of designs of diamond bangles but with red stones
and if she chooses for herself any special design of diamond bangles with red stones, they will replace
red stones with ruby stones. But for the ruby stones they will charge some extra cost.
Sonal selected a beautiful set of designer bangles and paid for them. She also paid the extra cost of
ruby stones. The jeweller requested her to come back a week later for delivery of those bangles. When
she came after a week to take delivery of bangles, she noticed that due to ruby stones the design of
bangles has been completely disturbed. Now, she wants to terminate the contract and thus, asked the
manager to give her money back but he denied for the same.
Answer the following questions as per The Sale of Goods Act, 1930:
(i) State with reasons, whether Sonal can recover the amount from the Jeweller?
(ii) What would be your answer if, Jeweller says that he can change the design but he will charge
extra cost for the same?
(QP – June 2022)
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THE SALE OF GOODS ACT, 1930
SOG 23. What is appropriation of goods under The Sale of Goods Act, 1930? Discuss the essential
elements regarding the sale of unascertained goods and its appropriation as per The Sales of Goods
Act, 1930.
(QP – May 2018, November 2019, December 2022)
SOG 24. What are the rights of an unpaid seller in context to re-sale the goods under The Sale of
Goods Act, 1930?
(QP – December 2022)
SOG 25. Mr. K visited M/s Makrana Marbles for the purchase of marble and tiles for his newly built
house. He asked the owner of the above shop Mr. J to visit his house prior to supply so that he can
clearly ascertain the correct mix and measurements of marble and tiles. Mr. J agreed and visited the
house on the next day. He inspected the rooms in the first floor and the car parking space. Mr. K
insisted him to visit the second floor as well because the construction pattern was different. Mr. J
ignored the above suggestion.
Mr. J supplied 146 blocks of marble as per the size of the rooms and 16 boxes of tiles with a word of
caution that the tiles can bear only a reasonable weight. Marble and tiles were successfully laid except
on second floor due to different sizes of the marble. The tiles fitted in the parking space also got
damaged due to the weight of the vehicle that came for unloading cement bags. Mr. K asked Mr. J for
the replacement of marble and tiles to which Mr. J refused, taking the plea that the marble were as per
the measurement and it was unsafe to fit tiles at the parking area as it cannot take heavy load.
Discuss in the light of provisions of The Sales of Goods Act, 1930:
(i) Can Mr. J refuse to replace the marble with reference to the Doctrine of Caveat Emptor? Enlist the
duties of both Mr. K and Mr. J
(ii) Whether the replacement of damaged tiles be imposed on M/s Makrana Marbles? Explain.
(QP – December 2022)
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