Prevention and Protection Universal Precautions are a set of strategies developed to prevent transmission of blood borne pathogens. Body Substance Isolation (BSI) are precautions taken to isolate or prevent ris! a exposure from body secretions and any other type of body substance such as urine, vomit, faeces, ‘sweat, or sputum: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is specialized clothing, equipment supplies that keep you from directly contacting infected materials. Emergency Action Principles Scene Size-up I. Scene Safety Il, Knowing What Happened "Cause of injury = Nature of illness Il Role of bystanders IV. Number of casualties V. Asking permission or consent Primary Assessment I. Assessing Responsiveness A patient's response level can be summarized in the AVPU mnemonic as follows: = A-Alert = V-Responsive to Voice = P-Responsive to Pain = U-Unresponsive/Unconscious Il, Activate Medical Help Tee eee nro LC Identify yourself to the victim. State your level of training. Ask the victim whether you may help. Explain what you observe. B ue Primary assessment can be GOAN ratte ini PESO NTITOS TMLLNC UTIL els with ch the Pets eons USAC = Ask someone to call for local emergency number and get an Automated External Defibrillator (AED). all First or Gare First Teeny vO etait senge nis RUCHCeeiec (isis Coeliac tite onsite mepental ubered in Breen ante tere What happened? Location of emergency? Number of persons injured or ill? ITCH LCC Col Terenas Cause and extent of injury and nature of illness and first aid given? Telephone number from where call is made? Name of person who called medical help (person must identify him/herself and hang up the phone last),IIL Airway cay An open airway allows air to enter the lungs for the person to breathe. If the aitway blocked, the person cannot breathe, IV.Breathing at While maintaining an open airway, quickly check an unconscious person for breathing by doing the look, listen, and feel (LLF) technique for no more than 10 seconds. V. Circulation Percneck i i infant Check for definitive pulse at carotid area for adult or child, while brachial for (Applicable for Professional Rescuers and Healthcare Providers). Boe ¥ to toe for Quickly look for severe bleeding by looking over the person's body from head signals such as blood-soaked clothing or blood spurting out of a wound. = Shock henever Ifleft untreated, shock can lead to death. Always look for the signals of shock whene' you are giving care, «Skin color, temperature arid moisture. " bout the Assessment of skin temperature, color, and condition can tell you more al patient's circulatory system, Secondary Assessment recon nt nan ered or aS eee eee ee eee Eeiehiag condition, you can begin f) wcrc MEiny sttsy eecculacs tests yarn arsnt to check for other conditions that | GMUChAWIIASE cs eis may need care. S-Signs and symptoms = Interviewing the person and ery bystanders Meivteeltenttits * Checking the person from head UN uus eMe ce RCA to toe. WER Ineeutkatsstts ; * Checking for vital signs. PEP ACICM CIA ON Cr tmacoen te} Common Emergencies Chain of Survival AnHospital Cardiac Arrest = Surveillance and prevention 2. Recognition and activation of the emergency response system Immediate high-quality CPR Rapid Defibrillation Advance life support and post arrest care yawit ital Cardiac 1. Recognition and activation of emergency response 2. Immediate high quality CPR 3. Rapid Defibrillation 4. Basic and advanced emergency medical services 5. Advance Life Support and post arrest care i Attack 6 called myocardial infarction, It occurs when the blood and fia (yy) “euyauey aac) means literally “a oye AOC | constriction of the chest’. Angina occurs when coron Pe OU eC OmutaM | arteries, which supply the heart muscle with blood, CUCM aCuias | become narrowed and cannot carry sufficient blood to Ceca mect increased demands during exertion or excitement It is usually caused by coronary heart disease. Seen mes What to Look for: = Chest pain, discomfort or pressure. = Pain may be associated from discomfort to unbearable crushing sensation in the chest. = Person may describe it as pressure, squeezing, tightness, aching or heaviness in the chest. «Some individual may not show signals at all. What to do: "= Have patient stop what he or she is doing and sit or lie him/her down in a comfortable position. Do not let him/her to move around. = Have someone call the physician or ambulance for help. = Ifpatient is under medical care, assist him/her in taking his/her prescribed medicine/s. Cardiac Arrest Ttoccurs when the heart stops contracting and no blood circulates through the blood vessels and vital organs are deprived of oxygen. Cardiopulm ion A combination of chest compression and rescue breathing. NTE MAU SIN (Os Rtg Met aceatere (ele (81:9) PEeCULeR astute} jac arrest receive resuscitation unles: NI MOEN eAN con a oaterale PDN eogelas (amd oes Col Ceuta elaine cleny is