SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
microscope, solar panel and
light bulb.
INTRODUCTION ON SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY- as a technique
SCIENCE- is a body of Technology' refers to
knowledge that practices, methods or steps
Seeks to understand the natural such as genetic
world. engineering, rice plating
and welding
Science seeks to TECHNOLOGY- as a personal
understand and social activity
and understand explain
natural Makes Technology tool for
things and phenomena such humans to improve
as themselves and everyday
pollination, volcanic life.
eruptions, Technology is connected
and constellations. with the society and
everyone’s life.
SCIENCE – is an intellectual
activity. INTERACTION AMONG SCIENCE,
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Refers to the process of
systematic and objective
investigation or SCIENCE AND
understanding TECHNOLOGY
of the natural world. Science and
Technology have a
SCIENCE- is a personal and dual interaction
social activity. which means that
they influence each
way for humans to other.
understand
themselves and their world. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
It also means that science SOCIETY
is Given that both
connected with everyone's science and
life and the society. technology are social
activities, they also
have dual
TECHNOLOGY- as artifacts interactions with
society
Technology' refers to
products, inventions and
outputs such as the HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
Iron have been developed.
1. ANCIENT WORLD Ceramics- prospered
Earliest known Wheels- were
technology are stone developed for
tools. (scrapers, Transportation.
hammers) used by Writing- was invented
humans during the (cuneiform ).
Stone Age
Nearly 10,000 years
ago, as the RISE OF
population grew and CIVILIZATION
naturally available Paved the way for
food sources more advancements
declined, humans in science and
started to technology.
domesticate plants Many infrastructures
and animals. built
such as irrigations,
AGRICULTURE roads and bridges.
REVOLUTION
Started Somewhere in 2. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
the Middle East. Dominated by the
Early Babylonia Greek and Roman
Plough civilization.
Led to the Current concept of
development of science began.
towns. New plants Ionian School of
and animals were philosophy, which
being grown for introduced the
consumption. earliest form of
In this period, humans scientific method,
started to develop based on reasoning
sun-dried bricks, and observation.
ceramics, mortars and The most notable
even metal Greek philosophers of
products. this period are:
Socrates, Plato,
COPPER- 1st known metal used Aristotle.
by man ( 6500 BCE) - laid the foundation of
modern-day science.
By the end of Agricultural They Initiated the
Revolution discipline of
Products made from Copper, understanding of the
bronze, universe and the
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
natural world using the can be identified through
earliest form of careful
scientific method. observation
In Egypt, the city of Alexandria
became
Socrates (470 - 399 a center of scientific knowledge.
BC)
Edwin Smith Papyrus
known for his method
of One of the first important
inquiry called scientific text from Africa
elenchus. It is a medical text about
Using this method, a ancient surgery methods.
problem must be Knowledge on chemistry
broken was applied in ancient cloth
down into a series of tanning ,indigenous
questions that need distillation and
to be answered. fermentation.
Plato (427-347 BC) The greatest construction
achievement of China at the time
student of Socrates. was The Great Wall (220-206
Concept of proof (to BC).
see is to believe)
Believed that all
substances are made 3. MIDDLE AGES
up of earth, air, water Around 530 AD, the
and fire. development of science and
Always emphasized technology declined. As it
the concept of ‘proof’ was affected by wars,
and insisted on famine, diseases, piracy,
having concrete and and poverty which were
clear hypothesis in rampant at the time.
understanding nature.
RISE OF CHRISTIANITY
Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) In Europe was also
considered a factor in the
Student of Plato decline of science.
Known for his deductive The Church questioned
method of scientific many
inquiry. teachings and ideas of early
Believed that natural philosophers and scientists.
principles
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
Roman Empire from 530 AD as borax, and new
to 1000 AD seemed less techniques.
interested with theoretical
Science. In Medicine- led the
development
new instruments and
As science seemed to humane
decline in. treatments.
Europe, the field of However, they failed to
medicine advance
remained and grew due further their study of
to an anatomy
important need. as. Islam Prohibits body
autopsy
DEADLY PLAGUE at that time.
Ravaged Europe and
Christian felt the
need
further their
knowledge
in medicine in order -Science was revived in Europe
to by
develop a cure. Emperor Charlemagne.
He ordered the
From Europe, the center establishment of schools
of which became
science and technology centers of knowledge
shifted. and discovery.
to China and nearby
areas. -Middle Ages brought man
advancements such as the
INDIA- mathematics, utilization of
medicine water and wind as source of
and astronomy were energy and
well the development of moving
advanced. objects and
- their greatest discovery clocks.
is the importance of
zero in
mathematics 4. MODER AGE
Borax- chemical for stain Age of Discovery
removal and
Exploration started.
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION Development of
developed ships that can
astronomical tables, Withstand long
new chemicals such voyages
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
Invention of the Started at the same time as
compass. the
Advancements in foundation of England’s
geography and Royal
cartography also society which paved the
helped way for a more organized
significantly scientific community
After the Black Death, the Sir Isaac Newton and
societies in Benjamin
Europe became much smaller and Franklin- two notable
Disarrayed. members of the
Led to the development society.
of new tools, new
techniques and Beginning of Revolution:
Discoveries invention of
Europe became more the telescope advanced the
conducive for science field of
and Technology astronomy.
This marked the end of
the Middle Age and the Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-
start of the Modern 1543)
Age. Became the center of
controversy due to his
Modern Age- states in Europe Heliocentric view
encouraged technological ( helio=sun, centric =
advancements, primarily for earth) of the Universe
defense and trade. an idea that was opposed
Technology was taught in by the Church.
universities.
Many artists also became Copernican revolution
scientists such as A shift from the geocentric
Leonardo da Vinci. view (earth is the
center) of the universe.
This period is
known as MICROSCOPE
Renaissance. technology that significantly
a cultural movement that is advanced science during
based on humanism, a the
system Renaissance
of thought that gives more invention of it paved the
importance to humans than way
supernatural powers. for the understanding of
microorganisms and the
Scientific Revolution many types of diseases
emerged. associated with them.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Made many industrial
Father of modern science processes possible.
Introduced experimentation Part of Industrial
Using scientific method Revolution
Devolved mathematical
explanation. Industrial Revolution-
Invented equipment, beginning of the rapid destruction
devices of the environment.
His work led to
development of modern 2. THEORY OF EVOLUTION
science. Proposed by Charles
Darwin and Alfred
Carolus Linnaeus Wallace.
Works on biological Opposed by the Church
classification. and the General public.
Father of taxonomy
This period is also known as the -19th century, science advanced at
‘Enlightenment’ a
Which emphasized logic and much rapid rate than any other
reasoning. It was a shift period
from before.
the Renaissance which was -Scientific and technological.
dominated by the teachings advancements heavily impacted
of the Church and of the the
early Greek and Roman society.
Philosophers. -Demand for more technologies
grew.
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) -More skilled and knowledgeable
The leading figure of the workers emerged.
'Enlightenment'
3. GERMANY
Principia, Laboratories were dedicated
Established the foundation to the development of
of modern day physics. weapons in preparation for
he developed theories from the World War.
observations and Invention of atomic Bombs,
experiments and used them dynamites and other
to predict phenomena. explosives and weapons
Due to society’s demand to Led to more casualties in
make things more efficient the war
and faster, machines were
developed.
1. STEAM ENGINE 4. PLASTIC
Was invented by James Invented in the 1940s
Watt (1736-1819) and 1950s
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
Led to the development post, comments, opinion,
of appliances, materials distance learning and crowd
and products sourcing.
Main environment Greatly affected the society.
pollutants
5. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID PHILIPPINES
Structure of DNA was Has no clear beginning
discovered in 1953 by Based on archaeological
James Watson and findings, prehistoric Filipinos
Francis Crick with the have simpler technology
aid of studies of other compared to the
scientists such as neighbouring countries
Rosalind Franklin ( china, and japan).
Advanced the field of They used simple stone
genetic and molecular and metal tool.
biology. They developed potteries,
ceramics, weaving and
6. PESTICIDE- 1940 other.
Dichlorodiphenyltrich
loroethane, more
commonly known as BY 100 AD, Filipinos have
DDT, as well as the developed good ship
invention of fertilizers, building technology
hybrid seeds and farm They used these ships
equipment for fishing, trade and
Led to a new transportation, given
agricultural that early societies were
revolution. This led to located near bodies of
increased food water. BALANGAY
production.
DDT has negative 16th Century- Spaniards
impacts effects on observed
biodiversity and health that some Filipino
The movement of communities
Environmentalism know artillery
emerged as society’s
response. good weapons such as
bows, spears and
The development of computers, swords.
Internet, Software and other Agricultural Practice-
digital technologies paved the rise farming, livestock
way for the ‘Digital Revolution’ raising, fishing were also
or ‘Information Age’. existing.
Paved the way for e- •There were only few
commerce, cyber warfare- science
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
courses available for the After the 1st Republic- science and
Filipinos. technology rapidly advanced due
during Spanish time. to Americans.
Secularized public schools
• Filipinos who became scientists were established.
went
to Europe for training and UNIVERSITY OF THE
study. PHILIPPINES
• Professions of science did not PHILIPPINE NATIONAL
grow as COLLEGE/ UNIVERSITY
well as the colonial government Educators were
preferred Spanish scientists predominantly Americans
over. 1905
Filipinos. Bureau of Science was
established. The main
ANACLETO DEL ROSARIO research facility In the
Philippine Laboratory country until World War I
Science Researchers done were on
Alcohol made of tuba leprosy, cholera, dengue
and malana.
LEON MA GUERRERO
Father of Pharmacy 1906
Herbal medicine PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF
Full member of American SCIENCE
pharmaceutical Report scientific
association Findings and observations
TRINIDAD PARDO DE TAVERA 1993
Established school of Philippine Legislature
medicine passed on Act Establishing
Philippine medicine school the
National Research
MEDICINE AND PHARMACY Council of the
Two science professions Philippines
were relatively more
developed as Spanish During the Commonwealth
regime ended. More industries were
established.
SUGARCANE AND TOBACCO Filipinos sent to absorb
INDUSTRY to do post graduate
Were modernised due to students
entry Scientific and
of foreign technology and technological
investment development stopped
during WW2.
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY.
College of Allied Health Sciences
Topic 1: Historicl Antecedents in which Social considerations
Changed the course of Science and Technology
