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Module 1
Sporting Life
New words :
‫األلعاب األولمبية‬ Athletics ‫قديم‬ Ancient ‫نشاط‬ Activity
‫أصلي‬ Original ‫السباق‬ Running ‫الجري‬ Sprinting
‫مسافة‬ Distance ‫العب أولمبي‬ Athlete ‫ثانية‬ Second
‫أقدام‬ Feet ‫َساع ْد‬ Arm ‫القفز‬ Jumping
‫مختلف‬ Different ‫يتضمن‬ Include ‫القفز العالي‬ High jump
‫القفز الطويل‬ Long jump ‫يحني –يلوي‬ Bend ‫ركبة‬ Knee
‫يأرجح‬ Swing ‫الرمي‬ Throwing ‫رئيسي‬ Main
‫القرص الحديدي‬ Discus ‫الكرة الحديدية‬ Shot-put ‫الرمح‬ Javelin
‫ناعم‬ Soft ‫معدات‬ Equipment ‫يتدرب‬ Practise
‫يمنع‬ Prevent ‫الجرح –الضرر‬ Injury ‫عضالت‬ Muscles
‫تنوع‬ Varity ‫مفضل‬ Favourite ‫نادي‬ Club
‫يتعلم‬ Learn ‫خطوات‬ Steps ‫طاقة‬ Energy
‫مجال_حقل‬ Field ‫أفضل‬ Best ‫يتمرن‬ Train
‫مختص‬ Specialist ‫مدرب‬ Trainer ‫ممتع‬ Exciting
‫لوح التزلج على الثلح‬Snowboarding ‫تزلج‬ Skiing ‫سباق المسافات الطويلة‬Marathon
‫تزلج على الجليد‬ Ice-skating ‫المشي السريع‬ Jogging

Grammar
Present Simple Present Continuous
‫الشكل‬Form S+V +rest S+ am -is-are+ V+ ing+ rest.
‫االستخدام‬Use ‫الحقائق العلمية والعامة‬-1 .‫عمل يجري لحظة التكلم‬-1
‫األعمال االعتيادية والتكرارية‬-2 -What is your brother doing at
-Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. the moment ?
-The Earth goes round the sun . He is working in an office .
‫ وما‬It- She –He +s :‫ " المفرد الغائب‬s"‫ال تنسى‬ ‫عمل مستمر لكن ليس بالضرورة‬-2
‫يعادلها من األسماء‬ ‫لحظة التكلم‬
-I go to the market twice a week. Maher is writing a new story
‫انتبه إلى الظروف التكرارية‬ this month.
-Ali usually wakes up early.
Adverbs Always –usually –sometimes –often – Now –at the moment –at the
‫الظروف‬ never present
‫المستخدمة‬ Everyday –every summer ……. This week /year/ month
Twice a month …..
Three times a year ………
Once a week …….

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: ‫) المفرد الغائب‬s ( ‫قاعدة اضافة‬
drive→ drives
.(sh –tch –x –z –o –ss) ‫ إذا انتهى الفعل بأحد األحرف التالية‬es
Go→ goes ,watch →watches ,pass→ passes
. ‫مسبوق بحرف ساكن‬Y ‫ إذا كان الفعل منتهي بـ‬ies
Fly→ flies ,carry→ carries
‫لتشكيل النفي واالستفهام في الجملة التي ال تحتوي على فعل مساعد نستحدم‬
(I –You –We – They )←Do
(He –She –It ) ← Does
.) ‫ويأتي بعده فعل مضارع بالمصدر(مجرد من الزيادة‬
Ali goes to school by bus .
Ali doesn't go to school by bus .
Does Ali go to school by bus ?

Keeping fit
When you are fit, you are healthier. You can study better and do daily tasks better. It doesn’t
have to be difficult to keep fit. Walking is easy and doesn’t need any special equipment. Even
playing a friendly game of football helps you to keep fit. Try to take the stairs rather than the
lift, too!
There are three main types of exercise –aerobic, resistance and stretching. Aerobic exercise is
when you make your heart and lungs work hard. Examples of this are swimming and roller
skating. Resistance training, such as press-ups and weight-lifting, is for building up your
muscles. Stretching activities, such as yoga, make you more flexible. It is important to have an
exercise regime which contains all three types of exercise. Try to keep a diary and aim to train
two or three times a week. A good exercise session has a warm-up of about 5–10 minutes. This
could be walking or jogging. Exercises such as press-ups help to build up your muscles. Include
aerobic exercise, such as cycling and basketball. Finally, stretching exercises are good for
cooling down.
Of course, it’s easier to sit down in front of the TV or computer but it isn’t necessarily
healthy! Safura Abdel Karim, a thirteen-year-old schoolgirl from South Africa, wrote a report
on her classmates. It was so well written that it was published in a medical journal. She found
out that students who play a lot of computer games get pains in their thumbs, hands, arms, back
and neck.

New Words
Fit ‫رشيق‬ Healthy ‫صحي‬ Task ‫مهمة‬
Difficult ‫صعب‬ Keep fit ‫يحافظ على رشاقة‬ Easy ‫سهل‬
Stairs ‫درج‬ Lift ‫مصعد‬ Type ‫نوع‬
Exercise ‫تمرين‬ Aerobic ‫تمارين رياضية‬ Resistance ‫مقاومة –صالبة‬
Stretching ‫تمدد‬ Heart ‫قلب‬ Lungs ‫رئتين‬
Press-ups ‫ضغط‬ Weight-lift ‫رفع االثقال‬ Building up ‫بناء –تشييد‬

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Flexible ‫مرن‬ Contain ‫ يكون –يحوي‬Diary ‫يومي‬
Aim ‫يهدف‬ Session ‫ فصل –جولة‬Warm up ‫يدفىء–يحمي الجسم‬
Cycling ‫ركوب الدراجة‬ Cooling down ‫ يهدأ‬Sit down ‫يجلس‬
Necessary ‫ضروري‬ Report ‫ تقرير‬Classmate ‫زميل الغرفة‬
Publish ‫ينشر‬ Medical ‫ طبي‬Find out ‫يكتشف‬
Pain ‫ألم‬ Thumb ‫ ابهام اليد‬Back ‫ظهر‬
Neck ‫رقبة‬ Shoulder ‫ كتف‬Finger ‫اصبع اليد‬
Hand ‫يد‬ Wrist ‫ رسغ‬Elbow ‫مرفق‬

-Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Copy and correct the false sentences
1 It is always difficult to get fit.
2 Daily activities such as walking and going upstairs help you get fit.
3 A good exercise session takes 5–10 minutes.
4 Stretching exercises are especially good for your heart and lungs.
5 It is useful to have a weekly schedule for your exercise regime.
6 Playing computer games is a good form of exercise.

Answers :
1-F .It doesn't have to be difficult to keep fit .
2-T
3-F .The warm-up takes 5-10 minutes ,not an exercise session .
4-F. They are good for cooling down and for making you more flexible .Aerobic exercise is
good for heart and lungs .
5-T
6-F .It's bad for you .
Grammar
The infinitive ‫المصدر‬ to + verb ‫يأتي غالبا بعد‬help –difficult –important –easy –hard
Verb +ing ‫يأتي في بداية الجملة‬
E.g.: It's important to read but you should exercise as well.
Running is good for you .

Ex :6 P:9
-Complete the sentences. Use these verbs:
sit down have keep fit (x2)
1 It doesn’t have to be difficult …………...
2 Even a friendly game of football helps you …………..
3 It is important …………an exercise routine with all three types.
4 It’s easy …………in front of the TV.

Answers :1- to keep fit 2-to keep fit 3-to have 4-to sit down

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THE OLYMPIC GAMES
ORIGINS The first Olympic Games began in 776 BC, over 2,700 years ago. The games took
place every four years at Olympia in ancient Greece. The first games had only one event, but
later there were more, and the games took five days. Events included the pentathlon (running,
jumping, discus, javelin and wrestling). Chariot races were a popular event. The games stopped
in 393 AD.
THE FIRST MODERN OLYMPICS In the 19th century a Frenchman, Pierre de Coubertin,
started the Olympic Games again. The first modern-day Olympics took place in 1896. About
300 athletes took part, representing thirteen countries. Events included cycling, target shooting,
sprinting, shot put, weight lifting, swimming, gymnastics and the marathon.
THE OFFICIAL OLYMPIC FLAG The Olympic flag has five rings on a white background.
The five rings represent the five continents of the world and Olympic friendship. At least one of
the colours appears on the flag of every country in the world.
MODERN DAY OLYMPICS The four-year period between Olympic Games is called an
Olympiad. There is now a Winter Olympic Games – this happens two years after the Summer
Olympics. Winter sports include ice hockey, skating, snowboarding and skiing. At the 2008
Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, 204 countries took part and 11,028 athletes attended. It’s
a lot bigger now than 2,700 years ago!
THE SPECIAL OLYMPICS In 1968, a new athletic competition was introduced for
individuals with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the Special Olympics was to promote
acceptance and respect, and to raise awareness about people with special needs. The motto
adopted for this purpose is “Let me win. But if I cannot win, let me be brave in the attempt.” In
2007, around 7,500 contestants from 164 countries participated in the 12th Special Olympic
Games held in China. Today, with over 3 million athletes from around the world, the Special
Olympics has become a global movement for the promotion of rights and opportunities.

New words
‫األصل‬ Origin ‫حدث‬ Took place ‫حدث‬ Event
‫ المباراة الخماسية‬Pentathlon ‫مصارعة‬ Wrestling ) ‫ عربة (مركبة قديمة‬Chariot
‫شائع –معروف‬ Popular ‫يمثل‬ Representing ‫بلد‬ Country
‫هدف‬ Target ‫قذف‬ Shooting ‫علم‬ Flag
‫حلقة –خاتم‬ Ring ‫قارة‬ Continent ‫صداقة‬ Friendship
‫يظهر‬ Appear ‫فترة‬ Period ‫يحدث‬ Happen
‫يهتم –يشهد‬ Attend ‫ مسابقة –منافسة‬Competition ‫يقدم‬ Introduce
‫فردي‬ Individual ‫ذكي‬ Intellectual ‫معاقين‬ Disabilities
‫الهدف‬ Aim ‫يعزز –يحفز‬ Promote ‫قبول‬ Acceptance
‫يحترم‬ Respect ‫يرفع‬ Raise ‫ادراك –وعي‬ Awareness
‫شعار‬ Motto ‫تَبنى‬ Adopted ‫الغرض – القصد‬ Purpose
‫يحاول‬ Attempt ‫متباري –منافس‬ Contestant ‫شارك‬ Participated
‫حركة‬ Movement ‫حقوق‬ Rights ‫فرصة‬ Opportunity

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In The Past
The Boy from the Past
It was the middle of the school holidays. The sun was shining and insects were singing in the
dry bushes. Omar and his sister Laila were staying with Uncle Firass and Aunt Mariam at their
house by the sea. It was a hot afternoon, so Omar and Laila were playing table tennis inside the
cool house. Laila was a bit annoyed because Omar was winning! In the garden, Mazen the
gardener was repairing the old well. Omar and Laila heard a shout, then Uncle Firass walked
into the house. He was carrying a large piece of stone. He was very excited.
Firass: Look at this. It’s a piece of carved stone. I think it’s thousands of years old.
Omar: Where did you find it, Uncle?
Firass: In the garden.
Omar: Was it lying on the ground, Uncle?
Firass: No, it wasn’t. Mazen found it at the bottom of the well.
Omar: These marks look like letters of the alphabet. I wonder what they mean.
Laila: Can we use your computer to find out about the marks, Uncle?
Firass: Yes, of course.
Laila and Omar did some research on the Internet. They visited lots of websites and asked for
help. Then Laila discovered some interesting information about the Phoenicians. She printed it
out.
Laila: The marks on the stone are Phoenician letters.
Omar: Let’s show Uncle
Mazen wasn’t working in the well now, and Uncle Firass and Aunt Mariam were relaxing in the
garden. Laila showed them the page from the website.
Laila: I think the stone’s Phoenician, Uncle.
Firass: That’s very interesting. Mazen found another piece in the well about an hour ago. I
think it’s from the same stone carving.
Laila: How exciting! It looks like a map.

New Words
Discovery ‫اكتشاف‬ Shine ‫تشع‬ Insect ‫حشرة‬
Sing ‫يغني‬ Dry ‫جاف‬ Bushes ‫شجيرات صغيرة‬
Stay ‫يبقى‬ Table tennis ‫كرة الطاولة‬ Cool ‫معتدل البرودة‬
Bit ‫قليالا‬ Annoyed ‫منزعج‬ Win ‫يربح‬
Map ‫خريطة‬ Repair ‫يصلح‬ Well ‫بئر‬
Shout ‫صرخة‬ Carry ‫يحمل‬ Piece ‫قطعة‬
Stone ‫حجرة‬ Carved ‫ منحوت‬-‫نحت‬ Lying ‫متوضعة‬
Ground ‫األرض‬ Bottom ‫أسفل‬ Mark ‫عالمة‬
Look like ‫يشبه‬ Wonder ‫يتسائل‬ Mean ‫يعني‬
Find out ‫يكتشف‬ Research ‫يبحث‬ Information ‫معلومات‬
Print ‫يطبع‬ Relax ‫يسترخي –يرتاح‬ Show ‫يظهر‬

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-Answer the questions.
1 Where were Omar and Laila staying?
2 What were they playing?
3 What was Mazen doing?
4 What did he find?
5 What did Laila discover on the Internet?

Answers :
1- With Uncle Firass and Aunt Mariam at their house by the sea.
2- They were playing table tennis.
3-He was repairing the old well.
4- He found a piece of carved stone.
5-She discovered that the marks on the stone were Phoenician letters.

Grammar
Past simple Past continuous
S +V+ REST S+ was-were +v+ ing + rest
‫يستخدم الماضي البسيط ليدل على حدث مضى‬ ‫فعل مضارع‬+ ‫يترجم هذا الزمن ب كان‬
.‫ بظرف زمني صريح‬1-‫وانقضى استدل عليه‬ :‫يستخدم الماضي المستمر في الحاالت التالية‬
Last week/ year/ month- ago- yesterday ‫عمل كان مستمراا في نقطة زمنية في الماضي‬-1
Maher went to the market an hour ago. ‫مع دليل الماضي البسيط نأخذ منه جزءاا‬: ‫انتبه‬
‫فعل آخر في الماضي مع روابط يعني جملة أولى‬-2 ) ‫( انظر إلى اللون القاتم‬. ‫اصغر من الجزء األكبر‬
after –when -before ‫جملة ثانية‬+ Last week at this time we were taking a
‫انتبه إلى موقع الروابط وعالمات الترقيم‬: ‫مالحظة‬ lesson .
‫رابط‬--------‫ جملة‬------, ------‫ جملة‬-------- ) ‫عمل كان مستمراا عندما قاطعه (لفت االنتباه‬-2
--------‫ جملة‬-------‫ رابط‬-------‫ جملة‬-------- ‫غالبا‬.‫فعل في الماضي فاآلخر في الماضي البسيط‬
When I saw you ,I felt happy. (while- as) ‫مع‬
‫األفعال التي ال تقبل االستمرار في‬+‫سياق الجملة‬ -While he was playing tennis ,his ankle
.‫الماضي المستمر نستخدمها مع الماضي البسيط‬ broke .
The second world war happened in -While I was driving fast ,the accident
1939. happened .
. ‫عملين كانا مستمرين في نفس الوقت في الماضي‬
While my father was cooking ,my
mother was watching TV.

E.g.-What were you doing at six o'clock last night ?

I was reading .
-What did you do last weekend ?
I stayed at home .

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Hassan’s diary
Saturday
We’re in Lattakia! We drove here from Tartous along the coast. On the way we saw Banias
and Jebleh. My sister Deema didn’t see a lot because she was very tired. When we arrived at
the hotel, she was sleeping.. I’m writing my diary in a nice room. From my window I can see
the beautiful blue waters of the Mediterranean Sea between the trees.
Sunday
Today was fantastic! In the morning, Mum and Deema went for a walk in the town. Dad and I
went to the Blue Beach. We were snorkeling when I saw an incredible seahorse. We saw
amazing coral, too. While we were swimming, Mum and Deema were taking a walk along the
beach. In the afternoon, they went to the museum. They were walking round when my sister
met some friends from school. They were sightseeing with their parents. They all went
shopping together and Deema bought a skirt. While they were shopping, Dad and I were
playing football on the beach. Dad scored more goals than me! I was writing postcards to my
friends when Mum and Deema came back to the hotel. Then we had dinner in a traditional
restaurant. While we were eating, Deema took a photo of us. We had a lovely evening. It’s
getting late now and I’m tired.
Goodnight!

New Words
‫ساحل‬ Coast ‫متعب‬ Tired ‫رائع‬ Fantastic
‫يسبح بأنبوب التنفس‬Snorkelling ‫فرس البحر‬ Seahorse ‫مدهش‬ Amazing
‫شعب مرجانية‬ Coral ‫شاطئ‬ Beach ‫متحف‬ Museum
‫ يستمتع بالمناظر‬Sightseeing ‫يسجل‬ Score ‫بطاقة بريدية‬ Postcard
‫تقليدي‬ Traditional
-Answer the questions.
1 What did Hassan and his family see on the way to Lattakia?
2 Why didn’t Deema see a lot?
3 What did Hassan and Dad do on Sunday morning?
4 Who saw coral?
5 Where did Deema and Mum go on Sunday afternoon?
6 What did Hassan and Dad play on Sunday afternoon?
7 Where did the family go in the evening?

Answers :
1- Banias and Jebleh.
2- Because she was very tired.
3- They went to the Blue Beach.
4-Hassan and Dad .
5-They went to the museum.
6-They played football on the beach.
7-They went to a traditional restaurant.

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THE PHOENICIANS
From about 1200 to 500 BC the Phoenicians built an advance civilisation on the
Mediterranean coast, in what today are parts of Lebanon, Syria and Palestine.
They built ports on the coast. Cities such as Tyre, Ugarit and Byblos had streets, temples, tall
houses, wells and roof gardens. They were good farmers and grew plants such as wheat, olives
and nuts. They also kept cows, sheep and goats and made honey.
But the Phoenicians’ great wealth came from trade, and they were skilful sailors and
shipbuilders. They built fast wooden ships and large rowing boats for carrying goods. They
were also excellent navigators and learnt to sail by the North Star at night.
They traded with people in the Mediterranean world and created colonies in North Africa,
Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and Spain. They taught the people they visited new skills.
They invented a famous purple dye. They used it to make beautiful purple clothes. They also
made glass, pottery, textiles and jewellery. They exported the goods they produced, including
food and wood, and imported materials such as ivory, gold, silver and copper.
The Phoenicians had schools and universities. They studied medicine, astronomy and
mathematics. They also invented a 22-letter alphabet and they were able to record important
information. Although the paper the Phoenicians used did not survive, we have some of their
writing on stone and pottery.
FACT: The Phoenicians even arrived in England and traded there.
FACT: Nearly all the world’s alphabets, including these used in Arabic, Russian, Greek and
English, come from the ancient Phoenician one.
FACT: The Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamen had furniture made from Phoenician wood.

New Words
Advanced ‫متطور‬ Civilisation ‫ حضارة‬Part ‫جزء‬
Port ‫ميناء‬ Temple ‫ معبد‬Roof ‫سقف‬
Farmer ‫مزارع‬ Grow ‫ يزرع‬Plants ‫نباتات‬
Wheat ‫قمح‬ Olives ‫ زيتون‬Nuts ) ‫بندق (مكسرات‬
Cow ‫بقرة‬ Sheep ‫ خروف‬Goat ‫ماعز‬
Honey ‫عسل‬ Wealth ‫ ثروة –كنز‬Trade ‫تجارة‬
Skilful ‫ماهر –مبدع‬ Sailor ‫ بحار‬Shipbuilder ‫صانع السفن‬
Wooden ‫خشبي‬ Ship ‫ سفينة‬Rowing ‫تجذيف‬
Boat ‫قارب‬ Goods ‫ بضائع‬Navigator ‫بحار‬
Create ‫ينشأ‬ Colony ‫ معسكر‬Invent ‫يخترع‬
Purple ‫بنفسجي‬ Dye ‫ صباغ –يصبغ‬Glass ‫زجاج‬
Pottery ‫فخار‬ Textile ‫ نسيج‬Jewellery ‫مجوهرات‬
Export ‫يصدر‬
َ Produce ‫ ينتج‬Import ‫يستورد‬
Material ‫مادة‬ Ivory ‫ عاج‬Gold ‫ذهب‬
Silver ‫فضة‬ Copper ‫ نحاس‬University ‫جامعة‬
Medicine ‫الطب‬ Astronomy ‫ علم الفلك‬Mathematics ‫رياضيات‬
Paper ‫ورق‬ Survive ‫ ينجو‬Furniture ‫أثاث‬

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-Find the words that mean:

1 riches and expensive possessions
2 buying and selling
3 sold goods to another country
4 bought goods abroad and brought them to their country

Answers :1-Wealth 2-trade 3-export 4-import

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Module 2
Amazing world
The Boy from the Past
The next day, they went to meet Professor Hussam, an old friend of the family. Laila was
studying the stones in the back of the car. The first piece was larger than the second one and its
marks were clearer.
Mariam: Professor Hussam is a specialist in ancient history and archaeology. He’s also a very
close friend of your grandfather. In fact, they met when they were only seven years old!
Omar: That’s a long time ago!
Mariam: The professor was cleverer than all the other boys in the school. But your grandfather
was much better at sport!
When they arrived at the professor’s house, he led them into his study. There were hundreds
of books. Omar was amazed. The professor examined the larger piece of stone. He grew very
excited.
Omar: Are these Phoenician letters, professor?
Professor: Yes, they are.
Laila: Can you understand them?
Professor: Well, it’s a difficult language … but it’s easier to read than Chinese. This piece tells
the story of a boy …
My name is Amer. I come from the city of Tyre. My people are sailors and traders. I love my
family’s ship. It is faster than the wind and more beautiful than all the other ships. We travel
to many countries and carry home precious objects of silver and gold. But there are also
thieves in this world and we must …
Professor: The story stops here. May I see the other piece?
Laila: I think it’s a map, professor.
Professor: Yes, you’re right. It’s definitely a map. And look – there are strange marks, too.
This piece is more complicated than the first one. May I take photos of them?
Omar: Yes, of course. And thank you for all your help, Professor Hussam.
Professor: It was a pleasure. After they got home, Omar and Laila received a mysterious email.
It was from a stranger. He wanted to help them to understand their stone pieces. But who was
he?
New words :
‫واضح‬ Clear ‫علم اآلثار‬ Archaeology ‫يقود –يرشد‬ Lead –led
‫استاذ‬ Professor ‫فحص‬ Examined ‫لغة‬ Language
‫ثمين‬ Precious ‫شيء‬ Object ‫لصوص‬ Thieves
‫من المؤكد‬ Definitely ‫غريب‬ Strange ‫معقد‬ Complicated
‫سعيد‬ Pleasure ‫يستلم –يتلقى‬ Receive ‫غامض‬ Mysterious
‫يفهم‬ Understand ‫أجنبي‬ Foreign ‫اتصاالت‬ Communications
‫هندسة‬ Engineering ‫علوم‬ Science

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬

Answer the questions.

1 Which stone piece is larger?
2 Was the professor a good student at school?
3 What language is on the first piece?
4 Who wrote the carvings?
5 What does the professor say is on the second piece?

Answers :
1-The first piece was larger .
2-Yes ,he was.
3-The language is Phoenician .
4-A boy called Amer .
5-He says there is a map and some strange marks on it .

Grammar
-Comparative and superlative adjective
‫ ويمكن تكوين صيغة‬.‫ تُستخدم للتعبير عن درجة المقارنة بين شيئين‬,‫صيغة المقارنة واحدة من صيغ الصفات والظروف‬
‫( إلى الصيغة البسيطة للصفة أو الظرف‬more) ‫( أو الكلمة‬er-) ‫المقارنة إما بإضافة الالحقة‬
Short : short(er)
Wonderful :(more) wonderful
Fast : Fast(er)
Quickly : (more) quickly
.‫تستخدم صيغة المقارنة للمقارنة بين شخصين أو شيئين أو نشاطين أو مجموعتين‬
He is richer than his friend
She behaves more politely than her sister
‫ ويمكن تكوين صيغة‬.‫أما صيغة التفضيل واحدة من صيغ الصفات والظروف وتُستخدم للتعبير عن الدرجة العليا للتفضيل‬
‫( إلى الصيغة البسيطة للصفة أو الظرف‬most) ‫( أو الكلمة‬est-) ‫التفضيل إما بإضافة الالحقة‬
Short : short(est)
Wonderful : (most) wonderful
Fast : Fast(est)
Quickly : (most) quickly
‫ت ستخدم صيغة التفضيل لمقارنة شخص أو شيء أو نشاط أو مجموعة مع أكثر من شخصين أو شيئين أو نشاطين أو‬
.‫مجموعتين‬
She is the (most) honest) of my friends
This is the (fastest) train I have ever seen
: ‫لتحويل الصفة الى صفات مقارنة و تفضيل نتبع القاعدة التالية‬
(er /est ) ‫صفة ذات مقطع صوتي واحد‬-1
Tall taller the tallest
. ‫الصفة ذات مقطع صوتي واحد منتهية بساكن مسبوقة بصوتي نضاعف الساكن‬-2
Thin thinner the thinnest
ier /iest ‫تقلب إلى‬y ‫الصفة المنتهية ب‬-3

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
Lazy lazier the laziest
Happy happier the happiest
)more –most ( . ‫ الصفة التي تتألف من أكثر من مقطع صوتي واحد‬-4
More /most → dangerous /interesting .
The dog is more dangerous than the cat .But the bear is the most dangerous .
Good better best : ‫الصفات الشاذة‬
Bad worse worst
Little less least
Much more most
Far farther/further farthest/furthest
.‫( في االسئلة والعبارات للداللة على المساواة‬......as.....as) ‫يُستخدم التركيب‬-
-) ‫صفة متماثلة (نفس الشيء‬As +adj +as
A grizzly bear is as tall as an elephant .
The planet Mars isn't as big as the planet Earth.

Ex. :4 p :21 Complete the list.

1 large =larger 2 clear= clearer 3 clever =cleverer
4 good= better 5 easy =easier 6 fast=faster
7 beautiful=more beautiful 8 complicated =more complicated

New words
Wide ‫واسع‬ Earth ‫كوكب األرض‬ Mars ‫كوكب المريخ‬
Tiger ‫النمر‬ Rhinoceros ‫وحيد القرن‬ Human being ‫الكائن البشري‬
Shark ‫سمك القرش‬ Aeroplane ‫طائرة‬ Flight ‫طيران‬
Grizzle ‫اشيب –رمادي‬ Kangaroo ‫كنغر‬ Giraffe ‫زرافة‬
Planet ‫كوكب‬ Jumbo jet ‫طائرة نفاسة‬

DESERTS
Deserts cover more than one third of the Earth’s land surface. Deserts are very dry places,
but they aren’t always sandy – they can be rocky or even frozen. During the day, temperatures
can go higher than 50°C. The hottest temperature ever recorded was 82°C in the Sahara. At
night, deserts get very cold: as low as –21°C. Deserts are also very windy. Sometimes there are
dangerous sandstorms.
It doesn’t rain very often in the desert, but rainfall can be heavy. Sometimes underground
rivers rise to the surface. These make cool, wet places called oases. People can live there and
grow food. Deserts also have many resources, such as diamonds, gold and oil.
To survive in the desert, you must find water and keep cool. Plants and animals have to adapt to
survive. Desert plants are full of liquid. Many seeds only grow after rain and they flower very
quickly. Some animals never drink, and others have special protection against heat, or cold. The
camel is especially well-adapted for desert life, and lives in both hot and cold deserts.

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
13% of the world’s population live in deserts! Some are nomadic. They carry their tents
from place to place, using camels for transport. Desert people wear special clothes to protect
them from the sand, wind and sun. These days, most people from the desert live in modern
cities and towns.

New words
‫صحراء‬ Desert ‫سطح‬ Surface wet ‫ ≠رطب‬dry ‫جاف‬
‫رملي‬ Sandy ‫صخري‬ Rocky ‫متجمد‬ Frozen
‫ درجة حرارة‬Temperature ‫عاصف‬ Windy ‫عاصفة رملية‬ Sandstorm
‫سقوط المطر‬ Rainfall ‫ثقيل‬ Heavy ‫ تحت األرض‬Underground
‫نهر‬ River ‫يرتفع‬ Rise ‫واحات‬ Oases
‫ثروة‬-‫مصدر‬ Resource ‫ألماس‬ Diamond ‫النفط‬ Oil
‫كثبان رملية‬ Dunes ‫ينجو –يحيا‬ Survive ‫يتأقلم‬- ‫يتكيف‬ Adopt
‫ممتأل‬ Full ‫سائل‬ Liquid ‫بذور‬ Seeds
‫حماية‬ Protection ‫جمل‬ Camel ‫عدد السكان‬ Population
‫البدو الرّ حل‬ Nomadic ‫خيمة‬ Tent ‫نقل‬ Transport

-Complete the sentences with a or b.

1 The changes in temperature from day to night are: a small. b big.
2 Rainfall in the desert can be: a frequent and heavy. b not frequent but heavy.
3 In oases you can find: a gold and oil. b water.
4 In order to survive in the desert, animals and plants have to:
a adapt. b drink lots of water.
5 People who live in the desert are:
a mainly nomadic. b 13% of the world’s population.

Answers : 1-b 2-b 3-b 4-a 5-b

World Records
New words
‫مفاجئ‬ Surprised ‫رائع‬ Amazed ‫مدهش‬ Astonished
‫أكبر‬ Major ‫يغطي‬ Cover ‫يتدفق‬ Flow
‫عميق‬ Deep ‫نقطة‬ Point ‫وزن‬ Weight
‫يغرق‬ Sink ‫شكل‬ Shape ‫ضخم‬ Giant
‫بحيرة‬ Lake ‫سكان‬ Inhabitants ‫عاصمة‬ Capital
‫مزدحم‬ Crowded ‫كرات الثلج‬ Hailstones

Shabha The most interesting ancient city in the South of Syria .

Welcome to the latest issue of Links. This week our adventurous reporters, Samia, Huda and
Nawal visit Shahba.

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
Be warned – you need comfortable shoes!
Syria has always been a centre where East and West meet. It is no wonder that this country
has flourished throughout history. Part of learning about Syria is knowing about its ancient
cities.
Shahba, also known as Philippopolis, is one of the last ancient cities founded in the South of
Syria during the Roman Empire. It was named after Philip the Arab who was the Emperor of
Rome between 244 and 249 CE. Today, a picture of Emperor Philip can be seen on the 100
Syrian pound note.
The old city of Shahba is located 87 km south of Damascus in Sweida province. Because it
was the emperor’s birthplace, it was built as a smaller copy of ancient Rome. But the city was
never fully completed. Building stopped when Philip died in 249 CE and the site was later
abandoned for many centuries.
However, because it was far from population centres, modern Shahba still contains well-
preserved ruins of the old city. Within the four walls of the square city lies the Philippeion
which is an impressive temple with an outdoor place for prayers called kalybe.
The main ruins also include a theatre, 42 metres in diameter, which is one of the best kept
ancient theatres in Syria. Another element of Roman architecture can be seen in the structure of
the public baths. The inside walls of these baths were covered with marble. Visitors today will
still find some of the old town’s remains intact. Crossing the main gates into the city, you will
be able to follow the steps of the early inhabitants of Philippopolis through the ancient
cobblestone streets.
And if you are interested in the arts, you must visit the Shahba museum where you can see
magnificent mosaics of the period. One of them tells the story of Aphrodite, the goddess of
love and beauty, while another shows the picture of the legendary Greek musician Orpheus
surrounded by animals. The Shahba mosaics are so beautiful that some of them are also
displayed in the National Museum in Damascus.

New words
Adventurous ‫مغامرة‬ Reporter ‫تقرير‬ Be Warned ‫كن حذراا‬
Comfortable ‫مريح‬ Wonder ‫تعجب –تسائل‬ Flourish ‫يزدهر‬
Throughout ‫خالل‬ History ‫تاريخ‬ Located ‫تقع‬
Province ‫مقاطعة –منطقة‬ Emperor ‫امبراطور‬ Birthplace ‫مكان الوالدة‬
Fully ‫كلي‬ Completed ‫مكتمل‬ Abandoned ‫مهجور‬
Well-preserved ‫محفوظ‬ Ruins ‫آثار‬ Square ‫مربع‬
Lie ‫تقع‬ Impressive ‫مؤئر‬-‫أخاذ‬ Temple ‫معبد‬
Prayers ‫مصلون‬ Theatre ‫مسرح‬ Diameter ‫قطر الدائرة‬
Element ‫عنصر‬ Architecture ‫هندسة معمارية‬ Structure ‫بنية‬
Marble ‫رخام‬ Remain ‫يبقى‬ Intact ‫سليم‬
Gate ‫بوابة‬ Step ‫يخطو‬ Cobblestone ‫حصاة الرصيف‬
Magnificent ‫رائع‬ Mosaics ‫فسيفساء‬ goddess ‫إله‬
Legendary ‫اسطورة‬ Surround ‫يحيط‬ Display ‫يظهر‬

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
Triangular ‫مثلث‬ Diamond-shaped ‫معين‬ Rectangular ‫مستطيل‬
Oval ‫بيضوي‬ Round ‫دائري‬ Fill ‫مليئ ب‬
Rule ‫يحكم‬ Tomb ‫قبر‬ Treasure ‫كنز‬
Mask ‫قناع‬ Soldier ‫جندي‬ Dig ‫يحفر‬
Army ‫جيش‬

Match the words from the text with the meanings.

1 flourish a from an old, well known story
2 intact b show to the public
3 legendary c to grow well and in a productive manner
4 mosaic d not changed
5 display e picture made of small coloured pieces of stone or glass
Answers : 1-c 2-d 3-a 4-e 5-b

Match the words with the definitions.

1 mask a large hidden collection of treasure
2 hoard b hard material made of baked earth
3 terracotta c covering for the face
Answers :1-c 2-a 3-b

Choose the correct answers.

1 When did people find Tutankhamen’s tomb? a 1300 b 1922 c 1930
2 What did a farm worker find in 1896? a a mask b a tomb c gold objects
3 What was Tell el-Ajjul? a a tomb b a battle c a city
4 What did people bury with the Emperor Qin?
a terracotta soldiers and horses b gold jewellery c a mask

Answers :1-b 2-c 3-c 4-a

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 ‫‪layerofheart1@gmail .com‬‬ ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية ‪www.eschoolsy.net‬المدرسة ‪ :‬أ ‪.‬شغاف شومان‬

‫‪Module 3‬‬
‫‪Life events‬‬
‫‪Grammar‬‬
‫‪PRESENT PERFECT :S+ have- has + p.p+ rest .‬‬
‫فعل نظامي ‪ed +‬‬ ‫‪p.p‬اسم المفعول‬
‫التصريف الثالث للفعل ‪e.g. : go –went –gone .‬‬
‫‪See -saw –seen‬‬
‫الحاضر التام هو الزمن الذي يؤكد على وقوع الحدث ‪,‬ال تاريخ وقوعه‪.‬‬
‫مالحظة ‪:‬ال نستخدم أدلة الماضي البسيط مع الحاضر التام ‪.‬‬
‫يستخدم الحاضر التام ليدل على ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬عمل انتهى اآلن (نتيجة حاضرة غالبا ا يكون نهاية المضارع المستمر )‬
‫‪-Samer has written three letters.‬‬
‫‪-My mother hasn't cooked the lunch yet .‬‬
‫‪-2‬عمل بدأ في الماضي وال يزال مع ‪ since / for‬في حالة مشتركة مع الحاضر التام المستمر‪.‬‬
‫‪-I have taught physics for 3 years.‬‬
‫‪-Maher has worked in this factory since 1990.‬‬
‫مالحظة ‪:‬الفرق بين ‪=since‬نقطة زمنية محددة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ =For‬مدة زمنية‪.‬‬
‫نستخدم ‪ How long‬للسؤال عن المدة الزمنية ‪.‬‬
‫?‪A: How long has Ruba lived in her house‬‬
‫‪B: I think she’ s lived there for two years.‬‬
‫?‪A: How long have you lived in your house‬‬
‫‪B: I’ve lived there all my life. My parents moved there before I was born.‬‬
‫‪-3‬تكرار أشير إلى التكرار دون تحديد تاريخ التكرار‪.‬‬
‫‪-Maher has gone to zoo three times.‬‬
‫‪-4‬السؤال عن أمر ال أدري إن حدث أم ال (دون تاريخ الحدوث )‪.‬‬
‫?‪-Have you ever seen the pyramids‬‬
‫? ‪-Has Huda ever met her mother‬‬
‫?‪A-Have you ever eaten Italian food‬‬
‫‪B: Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.‬‬
‫‪-5‬عمل لم يحدث في حياة اإلنسان قط‪.‬‬
‫‪-I have never seen the Alps .‬‬
‫‪-I have never had kubbe.‬‬
‫مالحظة ‪ :‬األفعال التي تأخذ زمن مطول مع عدم ذكر التاريخ نضع مضارع تام مستمر كالعمل والنوم والسفر‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬أفعال المحبة والكراهية حاضر بسيط ‪.‬‬
‫تستخدم مع الجملة االستفهامية‬ ‫دالئل المضارع التام ‪ever :‬‬
‫نضعهم في الجملة بعد ‪have /has‬‬ ‫تستخدم مع الجملة المثبتة‬ ‫‪Never‬‬
‫‪ Yet‬تأتي في نهاية الجملة المنفية أو االستفهامية‬

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
Find the past participles of these verbs.
Eat fly bake go lose act make meet visit win
Eaten flown baked gone lost acted made met visited won
see write buy sleep run ride
seen written bought slept run ridden

Welcome to my webpage on the Amberson family website .

Hello! My name’s Alison and I’m 13.
I live in Abu Dhabi in the UAE but I was born in Sydney, Australia. We moved to the UAE a
year ago. Abu Dhabi is a fantastic modern city. I love the skyscrapers, the beautiful gardens,
and the shopping malls.
My father is an engineer and he travels a lot for his work. In fact, he has worked in six
countries. My mother is an artist. She illustrates children’s books and works at home. She has
drawn pictures for more than 50 books. This is one of my mum’s drawings. It isn’t from a book
– it’s a picture of our family! That’s Tim, my brother, next to me. We both go to an
international school. We’ve made lots of friends there.
I’ve seen lots of interesting places here. I’ve been to Al-Hisn Fort, the Old Souk, and Batinah
harbour where they make traditional wooden boats. However, the best place I’ve visited is the
Wild Wadi Waterpark. We went there last week. It was amazing. I haven’t been to Dubai, but
we’re planning to go there next week. I’m really excited!

New Words
Skyscrapers ‫ ناطحات السحاب‬Engineer ‫ مهندس‬Artist ‫فنان‬
Illustrate ‫ يشرح –يفسر‬Drawing ‫ رسم‬Harbour ‫ميناء‬
Traditional ‫ تقليدي‬Plan ‫يخطط‬

Answer the questions.

1 Where is the family from?
2 Where do they live?
3 What does Alison’s father do?
4 What does her mother do?
5 What has Alison seen in Abu Dhabi?
6 What is she going to see?

Answers :1-They are from Sydney ,Australia .

2-They live in Abu Dhabi ,UAE.
3-Alison's father is an engineer .
4-Alison's mother is an artist .
5-She has been Al-Hisn Fort ,the Old Souk ,Batinah harbor and the Wild Wadi
Waterpark.
6-She is going to see Dubai.

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
Jamel the runner
JAMEL BAHLI was born in Lyon, France, in 1963. But he hasn’t stayed there. In fact, he
has run around the world!
When Jamel Balhi was a small boy, he liked running around the house. Later on, he always
ran to school. And when he was sixteen, he ran his first race. It was a distance of 60 kilometres!
However, Jamel isn’t interested in winning races – he’s interested in running. He has run the
length of America from north to south – a distance of 24,000 kilometres. He has travelled along
the Silk Road in China. Most recently, he has run across Mozambique and South Africa. In his
life he has crossed more than 170 countries and covered more than 280,000 kilometres. Jamel
runs for about six or seven hours a day. His speed is about 15 kilometres per hour. He changes
his running shoes every2,000 to 2,500 kilometres. He tries to avoid bad weather – but this
sometimes doesn’t succeed. He doesn’t carry much. In his small backpack he carries his
camera, a pair of trousers, a sweatshirt and a raincoat. When he isn’t running Jamel takes
photographs, gives talks and writes about his life. In fact, he has written several books about his
travels. Jamel is also a professional photographer and he takes photos of every place he visits.
Running offers Jamel freedom and solitude. However, when he stops it also offers him the
chance to meet new people. Jamel says that strangers are friends we haven’t met yet. And he
enjoys running on roads the most because they connect all the people of the world.

New Words
Speed ‫سرعة‬ Avoid ‫ يتجنب‬Backpack ‫حقيبة الظهر‬
Photographer ‫مصور‬ Trousers ‫ بنطال‬Freedom ‫حرية‬
Solitude ‫اعزلة‬ Offer ‫ يقدم –يعرض‬Chance ‫فرصة‬
Stranger ‫غريب‬ Connect ‫يتصل‬

Answer the questions.

1 When did Jamel start running?
2 What did he do when he was sixteen?
3 Name four countries where he has run.
4 What does he take with him?
5 What does he do when he isn’t running?
6 Why does he run?

Answers :1-He started running when he was a small boy .

2-When he was sixteen, he ran his first race.
3-He has run in America, China, Mozambique and South Africa.
4-He tales a small backpack with photography equipment trousers, a sweatshirt and
a raincoat.
5-Running offers him freedom and solitude and also the chance to meet new people.
6-When he isn’t running Jamel takes photographs, gives talks and writes about his
life.

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
How we live
The Boy from the Past
Episode 3: The mysterious collector
Dear Omar and Laila,
Thank you for contacting me. This is the most interesting enquiry I have received since I
started my website. I would like to meet you to talk about your discovery. Why don’t we meet
tomorrow afternoon?
Best wishes,
Harry Dar
Omar and Laila read the unexpected email. Who was Harry Dark? And how could he help?
They decided to ask their uncle and aunt for advice.
The next day, with the professor and Aunt Mariam, they met Harry Dark in a restaurant.
Harry: I’ve been interested in the Phoenicians for over 20 years. I’ve collected lots of ancient
pots, carvings and statues. I’ve run my website since 2001. It’s an excellent way to exchange
information. Do you know, it’s received 1,500 visits since January?
Professor: I’m delighted that people are interested in such old things! Look. I’ve brought a
photo of our piece of Phoenician stone.
Harry: Interesting. Very interesting. May I show you a photograph of one of my own pieces?
Harry placed his photograph on the table next to the professor’s.
Laila: The pieces fit together! How is that possible?
Harry: I found my piece of stone near your house. It tells the story of a boy called Amer.
Omar : That’s right!
Harry: I’ve looked for other pieces of his story for five years. I want to know how it finishes.
Did you find anything else?
Omar: We found a map!
Harry: That’s very interesting. I’d like to buy both your pieces for my collection.
Mariam: I’m sorry, Mr Dark, but we don’t want to sell them.
Harry: Are you sure?
Mariam: I’m afraid we plan to give them to the museum.
Harry: That’s a pity. A great pity. That evening, Laila was looking out of the window. She
called Omar and he joined her.
Omar: What is it?
Laila: Do you see that man across the road? He’s been there for over half an hour.
Omar: What’s he doing?
Laila: He’s watching the house!

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 layerofheart1@gmail .com ‫شغاف شومان‬. ‫ أ‬: ‫المدرسة‬www.eschoolsy.net ‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
New words :
‫يتصل‬ Contact ‫استفسار‬ Enquiry ‫يستلم‬ Receive
‫غير متوقع‬ Unexpected ‫نصيحة‬ Advice ‫أواني فخارية‬ Pots
‫منحوتة‬ Carving ‫تمثال‬ Statue ‫يتبادل‬ Exchange
‫مسرور‬ Delighted ‫وضع‬ Placed ‫سخيف‬ Pity
‫ينظر من خالل‬ Look out of ‫ينضم‬ Join ‫خرز‬ Beads
‫ابريق‬ Jug ‫يبقى على اتصال‬ Keep in touch

Answer the questions.

1 What does Harry Dark want to do?
2 What is exciting about the photos of the two pieces of stone?
3 What does Harry Dark want to do with the family’s pieces of stone?
4 What does the family want to do with them?

Answers :
1-He wants to meet Omar and Laila .
2-The two pieces of stones fit together .
3-He wants to buy them for his collection .
4-They want to give them to the museum .

Life in space
Since 2000, highly-trained astronaut teams have travelled 350 kilometres out into space to
live and work. Most astronauts go for about three months. Living in space is a bit like camping
– you have to take everything you need, you use special equipment, and you have to dispose of
your rubbish. We asked Bill Ross on the International Space Station to tell us about living in
space.
Food in space
Almost all our food is in cans or dried. We even have to add water to drinks. We drink
through a straw, otherwise liquids float around the cabin. There is no fridge, so we can’t have
cold drinks either. But there is a wide choice of food – soup, meat, vegetables, fruit, nuts, bread.
We can also bring some favourites – mine is Chinese food.
We get three meals a day and a snack. We have to warm up our meals before we open the
packages. Food moves around in zero gravity so we can’t eat off plates. We eat from the
packages. We use straps to keep our food on the table. We don’t use knives or forks – and we
don’t use chairs. We simply float around the table!
My taste has changed in space – I like spicier food now. We all love chocolate and sweets.
And we all look forward to the Progress Space Freighter which brings us fresh food.
Clothes
When we go into space in the shuttle or re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere we wear special suits
called LES (Launch Entry Suits). They have parachutes, oxygen, an inflatable boat, water

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and a gun flare kit. Inside the station, we wear casual clothes. They also have lots of pockets
and Velcro to stop things floating away. However, sometimes we have to walk outside in space.
It’s very dangerous, so we have specialised spacesuits. They are always white so that we are
visible against the blackness of space. Our hands get cold, so we even have finger heaters in our
gloves!

New words
‫رائد فضاء‬ Astronaut ‫فضاء‬ Space ‫قليل‬ Bit
‫مخيم‬ Camping ‫معدات‬ Equipment ‫يتخلص من‬ Dispose of
‫نفايات‬ Rubbish ‫معلبات‬ Cans ‫مجفف‬ Dried
‫يضيف‬ Add ‫شاروقة –شلمون‬ Straw ‫واال‬ Otherwise
‫سائل‬ Liquid ‫يطوف‬ Float ‫حجرة‬ Cabin
‫براد‬ Fridge ‫خَ يّار‬ Choice ‫يسخن‬ Warm up
‫حافظة الطعام‬ Package ‫شريط‬ Strap ‫سكاكين‬ Knives
‫شوكة‬ Fork ‫طعمة‬ Taste ‫يتشوق‬ Look forward
‫يجلب‬ Bring ‫مكوك فضائي‬ Shuttle ‫قابل للنفخ‬ Inflatable
‫مسدس‬ Gun ‫يضيئ‬ Flare ‫أداة‬ Kit
‫غير رسمي‬ Casual ‫جيب‬ Pocket ‫مرئي‬ Visible
‫قفازات‬ Gloves ‫مسخن‬ Heater ‫أصابع‬ Fingers

Answer the questions.

1 How far is the International Space Station from Earth?
2 Give three reasons why being in space is like camping.
3 Why don’t they use knives, forks and plates?
4 Why are space suits white?

Answers:1-It is 350 kilometers from Earth.

2-It's like camping because you have to take everything you need ,use special
equipment and dispose of your rubbish.
3-They don't use knives ,forks and plates because they float away.
4-They are white so that the astronauts are visible in space .

Match the words from the article with the definitions.

1 dispose of a containers, including for food
2 inflatable b must be filled with air before you use it
3 Velcro c throw away, e.g. rubbish
4 flare d material for fastening clothes: one part sticks to the other
5 packages e a bright flame used as a signal

Answers : 1-c 2-b 3-d 4-e 5-a

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Module 4
Ideas and thoughts
The Boy from the Past
Episode 4: The thin man
A man was standing in the shadows opposite the house. He was tall and thin with a scar on his
left cheek. He took out his mobile and thoughtfully tapped the keys. Then the man spoke
quietly.
Ray: Hi, Roger. It’s me, Ray. Are you doing anything tonight?
Roger: No, I’m not. I’m not going out because I haven’t got any money! Why?
Ray: Well, how would you like to make some money?
Inside the house, Omar walked into the sitting room and found Laila working on the computer.
Laila: I just got an email from Mum and Dad. They send their love.
Omar: How are they?
Laila: They’re very busy. Dad’s getting a plane to Beirut this afternoon on business and Mum’s
visiting friends.
Omar: Well, Uncle Firass has planned a nice day for us on Saturday.
Laila: Really? What are we doing?
Omar: Well, in the morning we’re going to the museum. We’re seeing the curator of the
museum at ten o’clock and we’re giving him the carvings. Then we’re having lunch at a really
nice restaurant.
Laila: That sounds great!
Omar: Look, it’s that man again! He’s in our garden! They ran out into the garden, but they
couldn’t see the man anywhere. Laila looked into the well.
Omar: Don’t be silly, Laila. He isn’t in the well!
Laila: No, of course, he isn’t ... I just had an idea, that’s all.
That night, Omar heard a noise downstairs. There was someone in the house! He listened
carefully. Then he heard footsteps outside. Omar jumped up and looked out of the window.
There were three men walking quickly across the garden – the thin man, a bald man and a short
man. They got into a car, banging the doors loudly, and drove away. Omar woke everyone up
and explained about the men. Uncle Firass called the police and then they looked around the
house. But then Omar saw the cabinet.
Omar: Oh no!
Firass: What is it, Omar?
Omar: The Phoenician stones! They aren’t there!

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New Words
Scar ‫ندبة –جرح‬ Cheek ‫ وجنة –خد‬Thoughtfully ‫بتأمل‬
Tapped ‫ضرب –نقر‬ Footsteps ‫ خطوات أقدام‬Bald ‫أصلع‬
Explain ‫يشرح‬ Cabinet ‫ خزانة‬Plane ‫طائرة‬
Plan ‫يخطط‬ Curator ‫راعي األبرشية –كاهن‬

Answer the questions.

1 What does the thin man do at the beginning of the story?
2 Who does Omar see in the garden?
3 Why do you think the well gives Laila an idea?
4 What does Omar see from his bedroom window?
5 What does Omar find out at the end of the story?

Answers :
1-He makes a phone call to a man called Roger .
2-He sees the thin man in the garden .
3-Any suitable answer .
4-He sees three men walking quickly across the garden .
5-He discovers that the Phoenician stories aren't in the cabinet .
Grammar
Present Continuous as Future S+ am /is /are +V+ ing +rest
: ‫ يشير إلى المستقبل المخطط له من جهة شخصية مثال‬:‫المضارع المستمر‬
I am meeting Ali at 10 o'clock.
We're going to the cinema on Saturday .
:‫ مثال‬...‫للتعبير عن الرغبة في عمل شيء ما في المستقبل القريب‬
I am visiting my aunt next week
‫أنا سأزور عمتي االسبوع القادم‬: ‫الحظ ترجمة هذة الجملة‬
:‫بمعنى أنة يعبر عن مستقبل ولكن! بشرطين‬
"‫ كما تالحظ "االسبوع القادم‬,‫أن يكون مستقبل قريب‬-1
.‫ اي ان يكون من المؤكد أن يقوم بزيارة عمتة االسبوع القادم‬.‫ان يكون الفعل من المؤكد حدوثه في المستقبل القريب‬-2

Adverb of manner. ly ‫ هو الظرف الذي ينتهي ب‬: ‫ظرف الحال‬

)dive –play –go- eat …… : ‫يستخدم عندما يكون الفعل حركي (نتحرك عند القيام به مثل‬
Ali speaks English fluently .
Careful→ carefully slow→ slowly
Happy→ happily possible→ possibly

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Making plans
It’s the first week of the school holidays and Samer and his friends are making plans.
Samer: My parents gave me this new tennis racket.
Ali: It’s really nice. It’s very light.
Samer: Why don’t we play tennis this week? We can play doubles.
Muhanad: That’s a good idea.
Samer: What about today? Are you doing anything this afternoon?
Ali: Yes, I am. I’m going swimming with my family.
Muhanad: So am I!
Ali: Really? Are you going to the beach?
Muhanad:No, we’re not. We’re going to the new swimming pool.
Samer: Are you doing anything on Monday?
Ali: No, I’m not.
Muhanad: Yes, I am. I’m visiting my grandparents.
Samer: Well, are you doing anything on Tuesday?
Ali: Yes, I am.
Muhanad: So am I. I’m helping my dad in the shop.
Ali: And I’m going to the museum with my sister and my uncle.
Samer: You two are busy every day! Are you doing anything on Wednesday?
Ali: No, I’m not.
Muhanad: Neither am I!
Samer: That’s brilliant. Let’s call Ahmed and see if he’s free.

‫موافقة وعدم الموافقة‬Agreeing and Disagreeing

Agreeing Disagreeing
‫جملة ايجابية‬Positive sentences So +aux+ S S+ aux+ not
‫ جملة منفية‬Negative sentences Neither +aux +S S+ aux
Short Answers
‫جملة استفهامية‬Question sentences Yes , S +aux No, S+ aux+ not

Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 Ali and Muhanad are going swimming on Sunday.
2 They are going to the same place.
3 Ali and Muhanad are visiting their grandparents on Monday afternoon.
4 Ali and Muhanad are both busy on Tuesday.
5 Ali is busy on Wednesday.

Answers : 1-T 2-F 3-F 4-T 5-F

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Write replies to the sentences.
1 Are you playing football at the weekend? (✓)
2 I’m not going to the beach next week. (✗)
3 I’m going swimming today. (✓)
4 Are you studying maths tomorrow? (✗)
5 Are you playing tennis at the weekend? (✓)
6 I’m watching TV this evening. (✓)

Answers :
1-Yes , I am .
2-Neither am I .
3-So am I .
4-No ,I am .
5-Yes ,I am .
6-So am I .

Let's talk
Why is communication important?
We all have ideas, knowledge, feelings and opinions that we want to share with other people.
We also need to learn about our culture and the world around us
How do we learn to communicate?
We learn to communicate by copying people around us. Babies imitate sounds and speak their
first words at around twelve months. By the age of two, a child has learnt about 200 words.
Children continue learning to communicate at school and at home.
How did we communicate in the past?
Oral culture was very important before the invention of writing. People had to remember all
their knowledge, so older people told stories and facts to the younger generation. Later, people
learned to draw pictures on stone to exchange ideas. After the invention of the alphabet, people
could write down everything they knew. In this way more information could be communicated
than any one person could remember.
How do we communicate today?
The invention of printing 500 years ago, telephones in the 19th century and radio, films,
television and computers in the last century changed the way we communicate. Nowadays we
get a lot of our information from the Internet. We can surf the Net, send emails and
communicate directly through video links.
Have advances in communication improved our lives?
New technology is very exciting. We can watch news stories from all over the world, learn
facts and information and enjoy entertainment. We can talk to our family and friends using
technology, even when they are miles away. However, we must also remember to talk to people
face-to-face and learn from the people around us!

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New words
Communication ‫ اتصال‬Idea ‫فكرة‬ Knowledge ‫معرفة‬
Feelings ‫ مشاعر‬Opinion ‫رأي‬ Share ‫يشارك‬
Culture ‫ ثقافة‬-‫ حضارة‬Oral ‫شفهي‬ Invention ‫اختراع‬
Generation ‫ أجيال‬Exchange ‫يتبادل‬ Information ‫معلومات‬
Copying ‫ يُقلد‬Imitate ‫يحاكي –يُقلد‬ Continue ‫يستمر‬
Printing ‫ طباعة‬Surf ‫يتصفح‬ Links ‫تواصل‬
Advances ‫ وسائل‬Entertainment ‫تسلية‬

Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 Babies learn to speak by watching other babies.
2 A child knows 200 words by the time he is 24 months old.
3 Before the development of writing, people couldn’t remember facts.
4 People used pictures before the invention of writing.
5 A lot of changes have happened in the last 200 years.
6 Face-to-face communication isn’t important now.

Answers : 1-F 2-T 3-F 4-T 5-T 6-F

Read the article again. Find words or expressions that mean:

Paragraph 1: facts and information
Paragraph 2: to copy
Paragraph 4: hundred years

Answers : 1-knowledge 2-imitate 3-century

Messages
How the Internet works
The Internet is really simple to use, but there’s a lot of complex technology behind the World
Wide Web. Computers are linked together in a giant network so they can share information.
Information is exchanged between all the computers in a network – it doesn’t matter where they
are in the world. There are two types of computer on the Internet – ‘servers’ and ‘clients’.
Servers are like assistants and clients are like customers. Information is stored and distributed
by the servers. They are very powerful computers. Your home or school computer is a client
and it can get information from the Internet. Computers are linked together by telephone
systems. Information is changed into telephone signals and sent quickly from one computer to
another through the servers. Networks in different countries are linked by satellites and large
undersea cables.

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New words
Complex ‫ معقد‬Giant ‫ضخم‬ Assistant ‫مساعد‬
Customer ‫ زبون‬Signal ‫اشارة‬

Match the verbs with their definitions.

Link exchange store distribute pass
1 give something and receive something else
2 share something out
3 make a connection
4 move or send
5 put things away and keep them safe

Answers : 1- exchange 2-distribute 3-link 4-pass 5-store

Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 We can share information with people all over the world using the Internet.
2 We have servers in our homes so we can surf the Internet.
3 The Internet uses telephone systems to send signals.
4 Information exchange on the Internet is very fast.
5 Your computer sends an email directly to another computer by phoning it.

Answers : 1-T 2-F 3-T 4-T 5-F

Grammar
PASSIVE VOICE
: ‫المبني للمجهول‬
BE + P.P : ‫يتشكل المبني للمجهول من القاعدة التالية‬
.‫لتشكيل المبني للمجهول ننقل المفعول به في الجملة المعلومة إلى الفاعل في الجملة المجهولة‬
: ‫نغير الزمن حسب القواعد التالية‬
1-Simple present “am-is-are + pp” ‫المضارع البسيط‬
E.g.- Samar makes a fine toy.
A fine toy is made by Samar .
2-Simple past "was-were + pp” ‫الماضي البسيط‬
E.g.-Ali made a good composition .
A good composition was made by Ali .
‫نستعمل المبني للمجهول عند عدم االكتراث بالفاعل أو لسنا متأكدين منه أو غير موجود أو عدم االهتمام به وفي حال وجوده‬
.by ‫نضعه في آخر الجملة مسبوقا ً ب‬

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-Copy and complete the summary of How the Internet works. Use the passive form of
the verbs in brackets.
Computers (1)……….. (link) together in a big network. This network (2) ………..(call) the
Internet. Information (3) …………(exchange) between computers. Home and office
computers (4)………….. (link) to servers. Information (5) ………..(distribute) by these
servers. The Internet (6) ………….(connect) together by telephone services.

Answers : 1-are linked 2-is called 3-is exchanged

4-are linked 5-is distributed 6-is connected

Getting your message across

Fires
Many cultures have used fire to send messages, especially Native Americans. Fires were lit in
high places to say things like ‘yes’, ‘no’ or ‘danger’. When the Greeks captured the city of Troy
in 1200 BC, they lit bonfires to send the news.
Messengers
2.500 years ago, Darius the Great, the King of Persia, used messengers. Horse riders carried
messages. New men and horses were used each day. A document took ten days to travel 3,200
kilometres. In Baghdad in the 11th century they started to use birds to carry messages.
Flags
Flags were used by the Greeks 2,400 years ago. In the 18th century the French Navy gave
1,000 common messages different numbers. The message number was communicated to
another ship using flags.
Electric telegraph
The telegraph was introduced in the 1850s. It used electricity to send messages. The code of
dots and dashes was named after Samuel Morse (1791–1872) and could send 30 words a
minute.
Post
The first postal service was in China in 900 BC. It was used by the government. In 1837 a ‘one
price’ post was started in England. It was a great success and many other countries copied it.
Telephone
In 1876 the first telephones were used. People in different places could speak to each other for
the first time. The telephone was invented by two people: an Italian, Antonio Meucci, and a
Scots-American, Alexander Graham Bell. Today mobile phones have changed the way the
phone is used.
Internet
Nowadays millions of computers are connected globally by the Internet. The World Wide Web
was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s.

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New words
Captured ‫ احتل‬Bonfires ‫ مشاعل‬Flag ‫عَلّم‬
Telegraph ‫ برقية‬Code ‫ رمز‬Postal service ‫خدمة بريدية‬
Government ‫ حكومة‬Price ‫ ثمن –سعر‬Globally ‫عالمي‬

Complete the text with verbs in the past passive.

The Compact Disc
The first CD players (1) ……….(produce) by the Japanese manufacturer Sony in 1982, but the
public weren’t impressed. Then a small portable CD player (2) ……….(manufacture) in 1984
and this (3) ……….(sell) in huge numbers. At the same time many music CDs (4) …………
(launch). More than 10,000 different musical recordings (5)……… (make) within the first year!
The length of the CD, 75 minutes, (6) ………..(choose) by Sony’s chairman Norio Ohga. He
(7)…………. (train) in music and knew that most pieces of music were less than 75 minutes
long. This length of music needed a 12 centimetre diameter disc. The CD was born!

Answers : 1-were produced 2-was manufactured 3-was sold 4-were launched

5-were made 6-was chosen 7-was trained
Brain power
Control centre
The brain is the most complicated part of the body. It takes up 2% of our body weight but uses
20% of our energy supply. It receives information and sends out messages to control our
behaviour and movements. It allows us to think, learn and remember. The brain floats in liquid
and the hard skull protects it. The adult brain weighs around 1.4 kilograms – but a six
year- old’s brain is already adult sized!
Messengers
There are billions of cells inside the brain. There are two main types:
Nerve cells There are about 100 billion nerve cells in the brain. They are responsible for
everything we do by sending electrical and chemical signals. These signals can travel as fast as
90 metres a second.
Supporting cells These cells protect the nerve cells and keep the brain healthy.
Parts of the brain
Your brain is divided into three main parts. The smallest part controls breathing and digestion.
The middle part controls movement. The biggest part controls intelligence, the senses and
memory. Different sections of this part are responsible for different things. These include smell,
sight, touch, music and language. Scientists study brains while people are doing activities, such
as talking. They can see which part of the brain is used.
Left and right
The brain is also divided into two halves:
◆ The left side controls the right side of the body. In most people this side is used for creative
activities.
◆ The right side controls the left side of the body. In most people this side is used for logical
activities such as maths.

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New words
Complicated ‫معقد‬ Weight ‫وزن‬ Receive ‫يستلم –يتلقى‬
Behaviour ‫تصرف –سلوك‬ Movement ‫حركة‬ Allow ‫يسمح‬
Liquid ‫سائل‬ Skull ‫جمجمة‬ Protect ‫يحمي‬
Adult ‫الشخص البالغ‬ Cells ‫السياالت العصبية‬ Nerve ‫عصبي‬
Responsible ‫مسؤول‬ Divided ‫قُسم‬ Breathing ‫تنفس‬
Digestion ‫هضم‬ Intelligence ‫ذكاء‬ Senses ‫مشاعر‬
Memory ‫ذاكرة‬ Section ‫قسم‬ Smell ‫يشم‬-‫الشم‬
Sight ‫الرؤية‬ Touch ‫ اللمس‬-‫يلمس‬ Logical ‫منطقي‬

Answer the questions.

1 What do nerve cells do?
2 What does the biggest part of your brain control?
3 What part of the brain controls breathing?
4 What part of the brain controls movement?
5 What is the difference between the left and the right side of the brain?

Answers :
1-They send electrical and chemical signals .
2-It controls intelligence ,the senses and memory .
3-The smallest part .
4-The middle part .
5-The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and creative activities .The right
side of the brain controls the left side of the body and logical activities .

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Module 5
The environment
Island life
One out of ten people lives on an island. What is an island? It’s a piece of land that is
surrounded by water. It is smaller than a continent and larger than a rock. There are islands all
over the world – the Pacific Ocean has 30,000 islands. Islands are very special places and each
one has its own plants and animals. Madagascar, off Africa, is an island where there are tropical
forests, deserts, mountains, rivers and lakes. It has more wildlife than a continent.
In 1963, a volcano erupted off the coast of Iceland, near the Arctic circle, and over the next
few days Surtsey Island was born. Scientists had the chance to study this new island where
there were no animals or plants. Forty-five years later, 69 kinds of plants are growing there and
there are many insects and birds. Islands develop life slowly. Seeds are brought by wind, sea or
birds. Animals that can fly come next. Land animals are the last to arrive. Then, over millions
of years, the plants and animals which live on islands change. For example, in Hawaii,
butterflies became heavier. This stopped the wind carrying them into the sea. In the past, the
people who lived on islands changed them. On one island, local people cut down the trees to
build boats. They used the boats to catch fish. When there was no more wood, the people died.
Visitors who sailed to islands also changed them. For example, ships introduced goats which
destroyed native plants and animals.
These days many of the animals that are found on islands are in danger. Of all the birds
which became extinct in the last 200 years, most lived on islands. The orang-utan lives in the
rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in the Far East, where people are cutting down the forests
and destroying their home.

New Words
Surrounded ‫ محاطة‬Continent ‫ قارة‬Tropical ‫مداري‬
Volcano ‫ بركان‬Erupted ‫ ثار –انفجر‬Rock ‫صخرة‬
Seeds ‫ بذور‬Butterfly ‫ فراشة‬Extinct ‫منقرضة‬

Choose two correct ways to complete each sentence.

1 Every island in the world has:
a special plants and animals on it. b deserts on it. c water round it.
2 Over millions of years:
a plants and animals on islands change. b plants, birds and animals arrive on islands.
c butterflies on all islands become heavier.
3 Surtsey Island:
a has scientists living on it. b was formed by a volcano.
c has already got plants and living creatures.
4 On one island, people:
a introduced goats. b cut down the forests. c left the island.

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5 Nowadays:
a islands have lost all their birds in the last 200 years.
b many island animals are in danger. c the orang-utan is in danger.

Answers : 1-a/c 2-a/b 3-b/c 4-a/b 5-b/c

Grammar
RELATIVE PROUNOUNS (who-which-that –whose-where)
: ‫تستخدم روابط الوصل لتربط بين جملتين على الشكل التالي‬
who /that ‫للعاقل نستخدم‬-1
‫بعد أن نحدد العائد عليه في الجملة األولى نضع الرابط ثم نكمل الجملة‬
: ‫مالحظة عندما يدخل الرابط يقوم بحذف ضمير أو اسم من الجملة الثانية‬
:‫أو األسماء التي تحل محلها مثال‬I /she /he /you /they /we ‫ أو‬me /him /her/you/ us/them ‫تحذف‬Who /that
The girl is happy . She won the race .
The girl who won the race is happy .
‫ إذا حل ضمير الوصل بدل الفاعل ال يمكن حذفه بينما إذا حل مكان المفعول به يمكن حذفه والضمير العائد عليه‬:‫مالحظة‬
.‫أيضا ا‬
I like clothes which are comfortable and make me feel relaxed.
‫ألنها حلت مكان الفاعل‬which ‫في هذه الجملة ال يمكن حذف‬
Some people who I know spend lots of money .
‫ألنها حلت مكان المفعول به‬who ‫في هذه الجملة يجوز حذف‬
my /your/ his/ her/ our/ their or mine (‫يستخدم ليحل مكان الصفة الملكية أو الضمير الملكي‬whose ‫بالنسبة للرابط‬
/hers /yours/ours/theirs)
He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.
‫يأتي بعده اسم لكن ليس باسم علم وال ضمير‬whose ‫مالحظة الرابط‬
‫تأتي بعد المكان‬where ‫بالنسبة‬
The place where we met is the oldest building in the town .

Match the beginnings with the endings of the sentences.

1 It is a piece of land a who sailed to islands also changed them.
2 Madagascar is an island b who lived on islands changed them.
3 The plants and animals c where there are tropical forests.
4 The people d that is surrounded by water.
5 Visitors e which live on islands change.

Answers : 1 d 2c 3e 4b 5a

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Journey north journey south
SOME ANIMALS MIGRATE long distances every year. They travel in search of food, warmth
or a place to have their young. Although the journeys are often thousands of kilometres,
the animals find their way. They probably navigate by following the sun, moon or stars. Birds
also use the sun and they recognise places, such as mountains.
Wildebeest
The Serengeti Plain is in East Africa. When the dry season starts, huge groups of wildebeest
move west to find fresh grass and water. Then they move back towards the east. Sometimes
they travel more than 1,500 kilometres. About one million wildebeest do this amazing journey.
They don't damage the grass they walk on - they make it grow better!
Arctic Tern
These sea birds spend summer (May to August) in the Arctic north. The days are long and there
is a lot of food for their young. After this, they fly 16,000 kilometres to spend another summer
in the Antarctic south. In one year, they experience summer both in the north and the south.
They travel over one million kilometres during their lifetime.
Grey Whale
Grey whales travel to cold waters for food and to warmer waters to have their young. This
means they have to travel 20,000 kilometres – 10,000 kilometres there and 10,000 kilometres
back. It is the longest migration for any mammal. The whales spend winter in the warm seas
near Mexico where they look after their young in the warm water. Then in February they go
north to the Arctic water where there is a lot of food. It takes them two months.

New Words
Migrate ‫ يهاجر‬Distance ‫ مسافة‬navigate ‫يبحر‬
Recognise ‫ يدرك‬Wildebeest ‫حيوان النو‬ Arctic Tern ‫بالنورس‬ ‫شبيه‬ ‫مائي‬ ‫طائر‬
Mammal ‫ ثديات‬Whale ‫ حوت‬Look after ‫يعتني بـ‬

Answer the questions.

1 Why do animals migrate?
2 How do they make long journeys?
3 Which direction do the wildebeest migrate in? Why?
4 Why does the Arctic tern migrate?
5 What do grey whales do in cold and warm waters?
6 Which animal travels the furthest in one journey?

Answers :
1-They migrate to find food ,warmth or place to have their young .
2-They follow the sun ,moon or stars or they recognise places.
3-They go west to find fresh grass and water .
4-They migrate to find food for their young.
5-They go to cold waters for food and warm waters to have their young .
6-The Arctic tern .

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Find words that mean:
Paragraph 1: very big; incredible
Paragraph 2: very big
Paragraph 3: the length of a life

Answers : 1-long 2-huge 3-lifetime

Grammar
Both …………and ……….. ............‫و‬.............‫كال‬
Either ………or ………….. ... ...........‫أو‬........... ‫إما‬
Neither ……….nor…………… ................. ‫وال‬.......... ‫ال‬
Although ‫على الرغم من‬
Before ‫قبل‬

Complete the sentences with words and expressions from

either … or … although both … and … after
1 …………..Madagascar is an island, it is richer in wildlife than a continent.
2 When birds navigate they …………..follow the sun, moon or stars…… they recognise places.
3 …………the Mexican winter ends, the grey whales swim to the Arctic.
4 ……….Arctic terns ………….grey whales travel vast distances.

Answers :1-Although 2-either ……..or 3-After 4-Both ……..and

Match the sentence halves to complete the definitions.

1 Ecology is the relationship between living things a its community.
2 A habitat is the natural home b and the places they live in.
3 A community consists of the plants and animals c of a group of plants and animals.
4 An ecosystem consists of a habitat and d that live in a habitat.

Answers : 1-b 2-c 3-d 4-a

Our study of Ecology

Ice and Tundra
The Arctic is the area around the Earth’s North Pole. It includes a vast ice-covered ocean and
the northern parts of America, Europe and Asia. The land there is called tundra. It is the
coldest ecosystem in the world. In the summer, ice on the tundra melts and there are lots of
plants and animals. Some animals such as polar bears live all year round in the Arctic. The
Antarctic is a continent around the South Pole. It is covered in ice. Although the conditions are
hard, many animals such as seals and penguins live there. And in summer there is plenty of
food. There are also small areas of tundra.

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Grasslands
Natural grasslands are vast plains. They cover 25% of all the land on Earth. There are
grasslands in Asia, Australia and the Americas, but the largest are in Africa. Apart from grass
there are also bushes and trees. All these plants must survive on little water. Giraffes eat the
leaves at the top of trees, wildebeest eat hard grass, while other animals eat soft grass. There are
also many hunters such as lions and cheetahs.

New Words
Ecology ‫علم البيئة‬ Ecosystem ‫النظام البيئي‬ Tundra ‫االرض الجرداء‬
Vast ‫واسع‬ Ice-covered ‫مغطى بالثلج‬ Antarctic ‫القطب الشمالي‬
Melt ‫تذوب‬ Polar bear ‫الدب القطبي‬ Conditions ‫ظروف الطقس‬
Seal ‫فقمة‬ Penguins ‫بطريق‬ Plenty ‫كثرة –وفرة‬
Bushes ‫شجيرات صغيرة‬ Survive ‫ينجو‬ Cheetah ‫فهد‬

Answer the questions.

1 What do the Arctic and the Antarctic have in common?
2 When does the tundra have plants and wildlife?
3 Where do you find grasslands?
4 What plants and animals are there in the grasslands?
5 Describe the diets of three grasslands animals.

Answers :
1-They are both covered in ice ,there are lots of animals ,and there is tundra.
2-In the summer .
3-You find grasslands in Asia ,Australia ,the America and Africa .
4-There are bushes at the top of trees and grass ,giraffes ,wildebeests ,lions and cheetahs .
5-Giraffes eat leaves at the top of trees ,wildebeest eat hard grass, lions and cheetahs eat other
animals .

Unit 10 Explorations
The Boy from the Past
Episode 5: Laila’s investigation
Omar stared at the empty cabinet – everything was gone! He turned in despair to everybody in
the room. But Laila didn’t look worried.
Laila: Omar, the men haven’t taken the Phoenician stones.
Omar: Yes, they have! Look! The stones can’t be anywhere else!
Laila: Don’t worry. I was worried about the thin man. So I put them back in the well!
Omar: In the well? That was a fantastic idea!
Policeman: Hello! Is anybody there?
Firass: Yes, come in! Uncle Firass explained about the break in.
Policeman: Who do you think did it?

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Omar: Well, one of them was the thin man.
Policeman: Who’s that?
Laila: He’s the man who was watching our house.
Policeman: They didn’t steal anything. So what did they want?
Omar: It must be somebody who’s interested in our Phoenician carvings.
Laila: One of them must be Harry Dark!
The following morning, Laila turned on the computer and surfed the Net. She was looking for a
map. She was so involved in her research, she didn’t talk to anybody. After an hour, she called
out to Omar.
Laila: Why do you think those men want our map?
Omar: It must be because it shows the location of something important.
Laila: Well, look at this map on the screen. It’s the same as the one on the stone. It could be the
same place!
Omar: Is it anywhere near here?
Laila: It’s only ten kilometres away!
That evening Omar, the professor, Uncle Firass and Mazen drove to the location on the
Phoenician map.
Omar: I think we’re in the right place. Here’s the cave and the hill, and the sea’s over there …
Professor: Listen! The metal detector has found something!
Firass: Mazen, can you dig here, please?
Mazen: Yes, of course …
Firass: What’s that noise?
Mazen: There’s something hard under the earth.
Professor: It must be what we’re looking for!

New Words
Star ‫ يشير‬Cabinet ‫ خزانة‬Break in ‫اقتحام‬
Involved in ‫ منهمكة –مشغولة‬Research ‫ بحث‬Location ‫الموقع‬
Cave ‫ الكهف‬Metal detector ‫ مكتشف المعدن‬Dig ‫يحفر‬

Answer the questions.

1 Where did Laila put the stones?
2 Who did Omar and Laila think the thieves were?
3 What did Laila look for on the Internet?
4 Where did Omar, Uncle Firass, Mazen and the professor go?

Answers :
1-She put them in the well .
2-He thought that the thieves were Harry Dark and the thin man .
3-She looked for a map .
4-The drove to the location on the Phoenician map.

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Grammar
Some )‫تستخدم مع الجملة االيجابية (المثبتة ) )بعض‬
Any ) ‫تستخدم مع الجملة المنفية أو االستفهامية ( السؤال ) (أي‬
Every ‫كل‬
No ) ‫تستخدم مع الجملة االيجابية التي تدل على المعنى المنفي (ال‬

Copy and complete the sentences. Use some, any, every or no.
1 Is …………body at home?
2 There’s ……….body at the door.
3 There are beautiful places ……..where in the world.
4 I’m hungry. Is there………. thing to eat?
5 ………..thing in this museum is ancient.
6 Let’s find ……where quiet.
7 There’s ………..thing in the cabinet. It’s empty.
8 Listen! I want to tell you ……….thing important.

Answers : 1-any 2-some 3-every 4-any

5-Every 6-some 7-no 8-some

Complete the sentences with must, could or can’t.

Policewoman: The back door is open!
He …………have forgotten to close it.
Policeman: I’ve just found a camera in the living room.
He ………..be a photographer.
Policewoman: Look! His cup of tea is still hot.
He ………have just left; he ………be far away.

Answers :1-must 2-could 3-must - can't

The Sindbad voyage

The amazing stories of Sindbad the sailor have entertained generations of readers.
But were they fact or fiction?
In November 1981 the historian and explorer Tim Severin started a fantastic seven-month
journey. He wanted to prove something. He knew that over 1,000 years ago Arab merchants
sailed from the Arabian Gulf to China. But he believed that the voyage was described in
Sindbad’s adventures. To prove this, Tim had to do research. He had to study ancient
manuscripts and read academic studies of Arab ships. He had to read about early sails and how
the ships were steered. He also had to read many different versions of the Sindbad story.
Tim decided to build a dhow, a ship used 1,000 years ago. He called it the Sohar. Thirty skilled
Omani builders had to copy ancient shipbuilding methods. Not one nail was used! They had to
‘sew’ the boat together with 640 kilometres of rope. The men worked ten hours a day, six days
a week for 165 days. With his crew of 25 Omanis and Europeans he sailed across the Arabian

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Sea, the Indian Ocean and the China Seas. They made the 9,600 kilometre voyage from Oman
to Canton in China. They didn’t use modern maps. They used a 15th century navigation book
by Ibn Majid and navigated by the stars. Unlike Sindbad, Tim and his crew didn’t have to sail
across the sea on a whale and they didn’t have to fly through the air on a huge bird! However,
they faced other dangers. They had to avoid large modern ships. They had to swim among
sharks while they repaired the rudder. The winds dropped and they didn’t move for a month.
They had to drink rainwater and eat fish that they caught from the sea to survive. Tim wrote a
book called The Sindbad Voyage. Like Sindbad, Severin the sailor had some incredible
adventures!

New Words
Voyage ‫رحلة بحرية‬ Entertain ‫يُسلي‬ Generation ‫أجيال‬
Fact ‫حقيقة‬ Fiction ‫خيال‬ Explorer ‫مستكشف‬
Prove ‫يثبت‬ Merchants ‫تجار‬ Adventure ‫مغامرة‬
Describe ‫يصف‬ Manuscripts ‫مخطوطات‬ Steered ‫توجه –تقود‬
Versions ‫نسخ –طبعات‬ Dhow ‫سفينة‬ Method ‫طريقة‬
Nail ‫مسمار‬ Sew ‫يخيط –خياطة‬ Rope ‫حبل‬
Crew ‫طاقم السفينة‬ Avoid ‫يتجنب‬ Face ‫يواجه‬
Among ‫بين‬ Repair ‫يصلح‬ Rudder )‫الموجه (الدفة‬
Mast ‫سارية‬ Deck ‫سطح السقينة‬ Sail ‫شراع‬
Anchor ‫مرساة‬ Life belt ‫طوق النجاة‬

Answer the questions.

1 What did Tim Severin want to prove?
2 What did he build?
3 Why was the shipbuilding special?
4 Which seas did they cross?
5 How did they navigate?
6 Why was their journey dangerous?

Answers :
1-He wanted to prove that Sindbad's adventures described the voyage of Arab merchants to
China.
2-He built the type of ship that was used 1.000 years ago .
3-They used ancient ship-building methods .They sewed it together and didn't use any nails .
4-They crossed the Arabian Sea ,the Indian Ocean and the China Seas .
5-They used a 15 century navigation book and the stars .
6-There were large modern ships ,sharks ,sometimes no wind and sometimes they didn't have
much food or water .

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Grammar
Have to )‫تستخدم لتدل على اإلجبارويأتي بعدهم فعل مضارع بالمصدر (يجب عليك‬

Have to has to had to

‫ أو أن تسببه‬,‫ إما أن يقوم شخص ما بفرض هذا اإللتزام‬,‫( التعبير عن ضرورة اإللتزام بالقيام بعمل ما‬have to ( ‫نستخدم‬
...‫ظروف خارجية‬
(‫ (بأمر من الوالدين‬I (have to) practice the guitar every day
)‫ (الظروف خارجية‬You will (have to) prepare your meals by yourself when you live alone .
have to= ‫ويأتي بعدهم‬do / does /did ‫في حالة النفي والسؤال نستخدم‬-
What do I have to bring with me ?
She doesn't have to type this report right now
Why did you have to travel that much?
.‫(والذي يعني أنه ليس من الضروري ان تقوم بعمل ما‬don't / doesn't have to) -
I don't have to work at home, but I usually do.

Read the article again and answer the questions.

1 What did Tim have to do?
2 What did the shipbuilders have to do?
3 What did Tim and his crew have to do?
4 What didn’t Tim and his crew have to do?

Answers :
1-He had to do research .
2-They had to "sew" the boat together with rope .
3-They had to avoid modern ships .They had to swim among sharks .They had to drink
rainwater and they had to eat fish caught from the sea .
4-They didn't have to sail on the back of a whale .They didn't have to fly through the air on a
bird .

Links Reduce ,Reuse ,Recycle

Welcome to the latest issue of LINKS. This week we’re asking you about how you help the
environment.
In our school we did a project called Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. You can reduce energy use by
turning off lights. You can save water by turning off water taps. You can reuse paper and
plastic bags. And you can recycle by taking your bottles and cans to a recycling centre.
Carmen, Mexico
There was a festival in our local park to raise awareness about the environment. There were
talks and films about global warming and there were people giving out educational flyers about
the environment, and selling food, books and posters. It was very interesting. We had fun and
we helped the world at the same time.
Salah, Syria

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We grow our own fruit and vegetables – they taste great. Our little ‘urban garden’ is helping
the environment too – we eat less food that has travelled thousands of miles in polluting
aeroplanes. And we collect rainwater for our plants.
Susan, USA
I love animals and my aunt and uncle have bought me a really special present. I have
‘adopted’ a rare animal! It’s an elephant called Kiruba. She lives in Africa, but I send money to
people there, who use it to help look after her. I received a lovely poster and I get information
about her. I love helping nature directly like this.
Nick, Canada

New words
Reduce ‫ينقص –يقلل‬ Reuse ‫يعيد استخدام‬ Recycle ‫يعيد تصنيع‬
Turn off ‫يغلق –يطفىء‬ Water tap ‫صنبور الماء‬ Bottle ‫زجاجة‬
Cans ‫معلبات‬ Collect ‫يجمع‬ Awareness ‫ادراك‬
Global warming ‫احتباس حراري‬ Adopted ‫تكيف مع‬ Poster ‫صورة‬

Find words in the webpage that mean:

1 to make smaller in amount (Carmen)
2 to use again (Carmen) 3 knowledge or understanding (Salah)
4 making air, water or soil dirty (Susan)

Answers:1- reduce 2- reuse 3-awarness 4-polluting

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Module 6
Unit 11 Invention
The Boy from the Past
Episode 6: The buried treasure
Mazen discovered an ancient metal box. He dug it out of the hole and put it on the sand.
Professor Hussam gently removed the sand from the box. He slowly lifted the lid … and they
saw silver pots, shining jewellery and two golden masks. Everybody was astonished. Then
suddenly they heard a laugh behind them.
Professor: Harry Dark!
Harry: That’s right, professor. We didn’t find the map in the house last night. But now you’ve
done all the hard work for us. Thank you. I think I’ll take the box now.
Omar: I’ll stop you!
Harry: You must be joking.
Detective: Don’t move!
Harry: Who’s that?
Detective: I’m a detective, and I’ve brought the police. You’re under arrest.
Professor: How did you know we were here?
Detective: I’m sorry, professor, but we followed you. Harry Dark is a dangerous man. We
wanted you to be safe. And we wanted to catch him, too! He’s stolen many valuable treasures
from our country.
Curator: This is a wonderful gift to the museum. We’re going to have a special exhibition
about the Phoenician boy next month. And we would like you, Omar and Laila, to be our
special guests.
Laila: Thank you.
Curator: So what are your plans for the rest of your holiday?
Omar: Well, we aren’t going to look for any more treasure! School starts next week.
Curator: What about you, Laila?
Laila: I think I’ll write a story. I’ll call it ‘The Phoenician Boy’!

New Words
Buried ‫مدفون‬ Discovered ‫ اكتشف‬Hole ‫فتحة‬
Removed ‫نزع‬ Astonished ‫ مدهش‬Laugh ‫ضحكة‬
Joking ‫تمزح‬ Detective ‫ تحري‬Arrest ‫اعتقال‬
Exhibition ‫معرض‬ Guests ‫ضيوف‬

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Answer the questions.
1 What was in the box?
2 Who arrived while they were opening the box?
3 Why did the detective and the police follow Uncle Firass and Professor Hussam?
4 What happened to the treasure?
5 What did Laila decide to do in the holidays?

Answers:
1-Silver pots ,jewellery and two golden masks .
2-Harry Dark (and his men ).
3-They wanted them to be safe and they wanted to catch Harry Dark.
4-They gave it to the museum .
5-She decided to write a story .

Grammar
SIMPLE FUTURE: S+ Be going to +infinitive
S+ Will +Infinitive
.‫ لكن! هناك بعض اإلختالفات في إستخدام كل منهما‬.‫( للحديث عن المستقبل‬be going to) ‫( و‬will) ‫تُستخدم كل من‬
‫( عندما‬will) ‫ بينما تُستخدم‬.‫( عندما يكون المتحدث قد قرر مسبقا ا ما سيقوم بعملة في المستقبل‬be going to) ‫تُستخدم‬-1
:‫ مثال‬...‫يقرر المتحدث القيام بعمل ما في لحظة التحدث‬
I broke the handle, I will repair it soon
I am going to repair the broken handle as soon as I finish my work

‫ اليمكن أن نستخدم‬.‫ ( عندما يكون المتحدث قد قرر القيام بعمل ما في الماضي ولكنة لم يقم بة‬be going to) ‫تُستخدم‬-2
:‫ مثال‬...‫(في مثل تلك الحالة‬will)
I was going to quit the work at school when the manager besought me to stay
will= ‫للتنبؤ‬ : ‫الفرق‬
Be going to = ‫عمل مخطط له‬

Match the beginnings with the endings of the sentences.

1 I’ll take a a story.
2 I’ll stop b ‘The Phoenician Boy’.
3 I’ll write c the box now.
4 I’ll call it d you.

Answers: 1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b

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Electricity
Ahmed: Shall I connect the light bulb to the (1)………. ?
Khaled: Yes, please.
Ahmed: What do we do next?
Khaled: (2)……… connect the battery to this (3)………. spoon.
Ahmed: Fine. And then we connect the spoon to the (4)………. .
Khaled: Look! It’s lighting up.
Teacher: How are your experiments progressing?
Ahmed: Fine, thank you. (5) ………finish before the end of the (6) ……….. .
Khaled: (7)……….. I connect the battery and the light bulb to the (8) ………pen now?
Ahmed: Yes, please.
Khaled: The light bulb doesn’t work.
Ahmed: That’s (9)………. plastic isn’t a good conductor.

Answers : 1-battery 2-I'll 3-metal 4-lightbulb 5-We'll

6-lessons 7-Shall 8-plastic 9-because

Answer the questions.

1 Which two everyday objects do the boys use for the experiment?
2 When does the light bulb light up?
3 When doesn’t the light bulb light up?
4 Why do you think the light bulb doesn’t always light up?

Answers :
1-A spoon and a pen .
2-When they use the spoon .
3-When they use the pen .
4-Because electricity doesn't travel through all materials .

Grammar
Shall I …..? . ‫يستخدموا القتراح أو عرض للقيام بشي ما‬
I'll …………
Shall we /I go to the cinema tonight ? ‫اإلقتراحات‬
Shall I hold these boxes for you ? ‫تقديم العروض‬

Inventors who lit the world

THOMAS EDISON is most famous for his work with electricity. He invented the light bulb
and the first machine for playing music. He also improved the telephone. The world’s first
power station was built using Edison’s plans.
He was born in 1847 in the USA and as a child never stopped asking questions! He loved
Shakespeare, poetry, science and maths. With his parents’ permission he made a science

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laboratory at home. At fourteen he was also allowed to start a newspaper. He got some money
from this little business and he used the money to buy scientific equipment.
At 16 Edison got a job as a telegraph assistant. He then went to New York with very little
money. One day in the Financial District he helped repair a counting machine. And then
he got his first job in New York, looking after it!
The first payment he received for an invention was $40,000. In 1876 he used that money to
create an ‘invention factory’. In 1887 he opened a research and development centre where he
improved the movie camera.
Edison died in 1931. On the day of his funeral, people all over the world turned off their lights.
NIKOLA TESLA invented a new kind of electrical power, the fluorescent light and the radio.
He was born in Croatia in 1856 and invented his first machine at the age of four! He loved
literature and reading books. But after university he became an electrical engineer.
When he was 28 Tesla emigrated to America. He arrived in New York with very little money
and some drawings of inventions. Fortunately, he got a job in Edison’s laboratory. Edison’s
electric lights were popular and his power station supplied the electricity. But it was dangerous
and Tesla wanted to improve it.
Tesla believed that his AC (Alternating Current) was better than Edison’s DC (Direct
Current). With AC you could send electricity much further and more easily. The two men
argued.
Tesla left and joined Edison’s rival George Westinghouse. In 1893 they illuminated the
Chicago World’s Fair, using Tesla’s invention. Soon the world changed to AC.
Tesla gave exhibitions in his laboratory to teach people about electricity. He made money
in his lifetime, but he always invested it in new projects. So he died in 1943 a poor man.
Scientists are still studying his ideas today.

New Words
Light bulb ‫المصباح الكهربائي‬ Improved ‫طور‬
ّ Plans ‫خطط‬
Poetry ‫الشعر‬ Permission ‫حب –شغف‬ Equipment ‫معدات‬
Assistant ‫مساعد‬ Counting machine ‫آلة العد‬ Payment ‫أجرة‬
Invention ‫إختراع‬ Funeral ‫جنازة‬ Turn off ‫يطفىء‬
Literature ‫األدب‬ Engineer ‫مهندس‬ Emigrated ‫هاجر‬
Rival ‫خصم‬ Illuminate ‫يضيء –ينور‬

Unit 12 Creativity
Creativity is the ability to invent or imagine something new. Everyone is creative, but some
people act on their ideas and others don’t. There are many ways of being creative and creativity
can help us solve problems.
Evolution of ideas
Creativity is not only about new ideas, it is also about making improvements to existing ideas.
If a car designer creates a more comfortable car, he builds on all the changes made by designers
in the past.
Putting ideas together

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Two or more ideas can be combined to create a new idea. If you join the ideas of a computer
and a network, you get the Internet.
Changing how we do things
Sometimes new ideas change the way we do things. In the past all medical operations involved
cutting the patient. But if you send a small tube with a camera into a person’s body, you can
treat him from the inside. Finding a new use for things Creativity doesn’t always mean
inventing something new. If you look at something, you can sometimes think of another use
for it. For example, the first plastic was developed in the 19th century for making balls. But in
1889 it was discovered that you could use it for photographic film.
Changing approach
When we try to solve a problem, we often think of only one way to approach it. But if you
change the approach, you sometimes find a different solution. For example, most city
planners slow traffic down with speed restrictions and road signs. But one planner proved that
if you take all the signs away, cars go slower! This is because drivers have to be more careful.

New Words
Creativity ‫اإلبداع‬ Ability ‫القدرة‬ Imagine ‫تتخيل‬
Creative ‫مبدع‬ Solve ‫يحل‬ Evolution ‫تطور‬
Designer ‫مصمم‬ Combined ‫توحد –تجمع‬ Operation ‫عملية‬
Patient ‫مريض‬ Cutting ‫قطع –بتر‬ Tube ‫أنبوب‬
Approach ‫طريقة‬ Restriction ‫تقيد‬

Grammar
Conditional sentences:
1-Zero:If +S+ V+ rest , S +V +rest
‫حيث يبقى الفعل المضارع مع‬will ‫من الشرط األول نشتق الشرط الصفر وهو الشرط األول بكل عناصره فنحذف منه‬
. ‫الحقائق‬
If you heat water ,it evaporates.
2-Possible(1) :If +s +v+ rest ,s+ will +infinitive
. ‫ يجوز تبديل المكان بين الشرط والجواب فتزول الفاصلة‬,‫الشرط االول (االمكانية )يمكن أن يتحقق هذا الشرط‬
If you run fast ,you will win the race .
You will win the race if you run fast.

Match the beginnings with the endings of the sentences.

1 If a car designer creates a more comfortable car,
2 If you combine the ideas of a computer and a network,
3 If you send a small tube with a camera into a person’s body,
4 If you look at something,
5 If you change the approach,
6 If you take all the signs away,
a you get the Internet.

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b he builds on all the changes made by designers in the past.
c cars go slower.
d you can treat him from the inside.
e you can think of another use for it.
f you can sometimes find a different solution.

Answers : 1-b 2-a 3-d 4-e 5-f 6-c

Match the verbs with the definitions.

1 explode a recognise the flavour of food and drink
2 breathe b heat liquids to a high temperature
3 damage c make something break up with a loud noise
4 taste d cause physical harm to something
5 remove e take air into your body and send it out again
6 boil f take away

Answers : 1-c 2-e 3-d 4-a 5-f 6-b

Copy and complete the sentences.

1 If I ………..(get) a good result in English, my parents…….. (buy) me a present.
2 If Waleed…….. (come) to my house tomorrow, we ………..(play) computer games.
3 If I ………..(go) to Egypt, I ………..(visit) Cairo.
4 If they ………..(look) out of the window, they ………(see) my new car.

Answers : 1-get ….will buy 2-comes…….will play

3-go …….will visit 4-look …..will see

Seeing the possibilities

Many great discoveries were made while scientists were researching something else. We
say they happened by accident. But the scientists were clever enough to recognise the
importance of something strange or unusual. They used a combination of imagination and
knowledge to understand the importance of what they found. As the inventor Art Fry said,
‘The more you learn, the more you are able to see.’
X-rays
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, German physicist, 1845–1923
If you have an injury, doctors will give you an X-ray to look for broken bones. But X-rays were
only discovered in 1895. Röntgen was actually studying the rays which we use for TV screens
and fluorescent light. He wanted to see if the rays could escape from a glass tube, so he covered
it with black cardboard. Suddenly he noticed a light a metre away on a screen. ‘The cardboard
has a hole in it,’ he thought. But it didn’t. Then he realised that rays of light were actually

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passing through the cardboard! He then discovered that he could see the bones and wedding
ring of his wife’s hand using the rays. That was the first X-ray.
Penicillin
Alexander Fleming, Scottish scientist, 1881–1955
In 1922 Fleming was doing some research into diseases. He noticed that one of his dishes had
mould on it. Mould is a soft brown or green substance that grows on old food. Normally
Fleming would throw mouldy dishes away. But instead he decided to experiment. Under the
microscope he saw that the mould was killing a very dangerous bacteria (very small living
thing). The mould was called penicillium notatum. Fleming discovered that it produced a
chemical that killed the bacteria. Other scientists worked to make penicillin useful. Today we
can treat serious illnesses because of Fleming’s accidental discovery.

New Words
Possibility ‫ احتمال–امكانية‬Combination ‫ تكوين –تجميع‬Knowledge ‫معرفة‬
Injury ‫ ضرر‬-‫ ألم‬Rays ‫ أشعة‬Escape ‫يعبر –يمر‬
Diseases ‫ أمراض‬Mould ‫ عفن‬Substance ‫مادة‬
Experiment ‫تجربة‬

Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1 Knowledge and education help scientists come up with new ideas.
2 X-rays were discovered over 100 years ago.
3 Röntgen invented the TV screen.
4 The X-rays went through a hole in the cardboard.
5 Fleming was experimenting on diseases when he discovered penicillin.
6 The penicillin mould killed the bacteria.

Answers :
1- T
2-T
3-F .He studied the rays which we use for TV screens .
4-F .There wasn't a hole in the cardboard .
5-T
6-T

Good luck
Teacher: Sheghaf Showman
‫مدرسة سوريا اإللكترونية‬
www.eschoolsy.net

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