Part 1- postharvest machinery Mechanically damaged kernels Kernels that were broken and/or scratched as a result of time

shelling operation Foreign matter All matters other than corn kernels such as sand, gravel,
Paes 203:2000 Moisture content determination for rice and corn
Moisture content Amount of moisture in the kernel expressed as dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of earth, clay and mud, weed
Moisture content Amount of moisture in the grain expressed as percentage
percentage of the total weight of the sample, wet basis seeds and other crop seeds
of the total weight of the sample, wet basis.
Net cracked kernel Difference between the percent cracked sample taken Output capacity Weight of shelled kernel collected per unit of time
Primary method Method of grain moisture determination based on actual
before and after the shelling operation Oscillating screen Wire mesh or perforated sheet metal used to separate
extraction of water either by convection heating (oven
Open-frame cylinder Type of shelling cylinder where the shelling elements are large and/or small particles
method) or distillation
attached to the equally spaced longitudinal bars arranged Primemover Electric motor, a gasoline or diesel fed engine used to run
Secondary method Method of grain moisture determination based on some
cylindrically the sheller
characteristics of the grain sample such as electrical
Purity Ratio of the weight of clean corn kernels, to the total Total kernel input Sum of the weight of collected shelled kernels and all the
resistance and capacitance which are related to moisture
weight of unclean corn kernels sample, expressed in shelling losses
content and must be periodically calibrated against an
percent Total losses Sum of blower, separation, unshelled and scattering
official primary method
Scattering loss Ratio of the weight of corn kernels that fell out from the losses in a sheller, expressed in percent by weight
Paes 208:2000 Agricultural machinery – power-operated corn
machine during shelling operation to the weight of the Paes 214: 2004 Agricultural machinery – rubber roll for rice mill –
sheller – specifications
total corn kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent specifications
Blower loss Ratio of the weight of corn kernels blown by the sheller
Separation loss Ratio of the weight of corn kernels that come out of the Metal drum core Cylinder where rubber is bonded
fan, to the weight of the total corn kernel input of the
shelling chamber with the cobs at the cob outlet, to the
Rubber roll Component of rice mill made of rubber bonded to an
sheller, expressed in percent
weight of the total corn kernel input of the sheller,
inner metal drum core use for hulling
Closed-frame cylinder Type of shelling cylinder formed by a rolled metal
expressed in percent
Rubber thickness Depth of the rubber bonded on the metal drum core
sheet/plate or formed by longitudinal bars adjacently
Shelled kernels Whole and damaged corn kernels separated from the cob
Size Specified by the width, by the outside diameter and by
arranged forming a continuous cylinder.
after shelling
the core diameter of the rubber roll
Concave component Iron grill frame partially or fully surrounding the cylinder
Shelling cylinder shelling drum Part of the shelling unit that rotates about an axis and it
Width Longitudinal dimension of a roll in right angle to the
on which the shelling elements rubs, shear and/or impact
is equipped with pegs on its periphery
diameter
the corn ear with or without husk
Shelling efficiency Ratio of the weight of the shelled corn kernels collected
15 mm The rubber shall have a minimum thickness of
Corn cob Part of the ear corn where the kernels are attached
at all outlets, to the total corn kernel input of the sheller,
6200 kpa - 8268 kpa Tensile stress of the rubber roll
Corn ear Pistillate inflorescence of the plant zea mays l., enclosed
expressed in percent
with a leaf-like protective covering known as husk 482 kpa - 689 kpa Modulus of elasticity of the rubber
Shelling recovery Ratio of the weight of the shelled corn kernels collected
Corn husker-sheller Machine used to remove the husk of corn ear, detach, 1.2 - 1.3 Specific gravity of the rubber
at the main outlet, to the total weight of the corn kernel
separate and clean the corn kernels from the cobs in one At least gray pig cast iron Cast iron is used for the drum core
input of the sheller, expressed in percent
operation At least 0.6 mm cold rolled Iron sheet is used for the drum core
Shelling unit shelling chamber Part of the sheller where the kernels are detached and
Corn sheller Machine used to detach, separate and clean the corn carbon steel
separated from the corn cobs
kernels from the cobs Paes 215: 2004 Agricultural machinery – rubber roll for rice mill –
Table-fed type Type of corn sheller wherein the ear corn are fed into
Cylinder-type Type of shelling unit consisting of a cylinder with shelling methods of test
shelling chamber with the application of external force
elements such as knife bar or pegtooth note the cylinder Broken brown rice Grain that breaks in the process of dehulling which has a
Unshelled kernels Kernels that remain in the cob after shelling
rotates inside a concave component size of less than eighth-tenth (8/10) of the average length
Unshelled loss Ratio of the weight of corn kernels that remained in the
Cracked kernels Kernels which show signs of fissures or fractures or of the whole grain
cobs of the corn fed into the shelling chamber, to the
splinters Brown rice Dehulled paddy with bran layer still intact
weight of the total corn kernel input of the sheller,
Disc-type Type of shelling unit consisting of a vertical disc with Cracked grain Grain which show signs of fissures or fractures or
expressed in percent
spiked surface note the disc rotates along horizontal axis. splinters
Whole kernels Unbroken kernels after shelling
Ear corn dehusked corn corn-in- Unshelled fruit of the corn plant where the husk has been Coefficient of hulling Measure the ability of the huller to remove the hulls
Paes 209:2000 Agricultural machinery – power-operated corn
cob removed mechanically or manually Coefficient of wholeness Measure the ability of the huller to remove the hull
sheller – methods of tests
Hopper-fed type Type of corn sheller wherein the ear corn are fed into without breaking the grain
Clean shelled kernel Shelled kernel free from foreign matter
shelling chamber by gravity Damaged grain Grain which is heat damaged, weather damaged,
Concave clearance Clearance between cylinder shelling elements and
Kernel Dry and indehiscent seed developed from the ovary of sprouted or distinctively damaged by insects, water,
concave component
the ear corn fungi, and/or any means
Corrected capacity Actual capacity of the sheller corrected at 20% kernel
Kernel-ear corn ratio Ratio of the weight of the corn kernel present in the ear Hull husk Outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and
moisture content (wet basis), and 100% purity
corn to the weight of the ear corn lemma) consisting of the empty glumes, floral glumes,
Feed rate Weight of unshelled corn fed into the sheller per unit of
 and awn the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the intermediate between those obtained with precision cut

Hulling capacity Quantity of paddy that the huller can dehulled per total hammer mill and random-cut forage choppers.

hulling time, expressed in kilogram per hour Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles Stationary knife shear bar Fixed plate providing a stationary edge against which the

Hulling efficiency Product of the coefficient of hulling and coefficient of to the median plane of the hammer mill and touching its cutterhead knives shear the crop

wholeness, expressed in percentage front and rear extremities Throw-away type Type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are

Immature grain Paddy which are light green and chalky with soft texture Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the thrown away to the front area of the machine

Paddy palay rough rice Unhulled grain of oryza sativa l., that is grain with hull median plane of the hammer mill, each plane touching Aisi 1080 to aisi 1085 Knives shall be made of

enclosing the grain the outermost point of the hammer mill on its respective Paes 219:2004 Agricultural machinery – forage chopper – methods
side note all parts of the hammer mill projecting laterally of test
Purity Amount of rice grains free of foreign matter expressed as
are contained between these two planes
percentage of the total weight of the sample Chopping efficiency Ratio of the weight of the fresh chopped materials
Primemover Electric motor, or internal combustion engine used to run collected at all outlets, to the total fresh weight of the
Running-in period Pre-test operation of the rice huller to make various
the hammer mill input of the chopper, expressed in percent
adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the

operation is stable Purity Amount of input materials free of foreign matter Forage Any crop used as silage, soilage or animal feed, usually
expressed as percentage of the total weight of the mixed with fermenting agents.
Whole brown rice Grain or a fraction of grain with its length equal to or
sample
greater than eighth-tenth (8/10) of the average length of Feeding table Part of the forage chopper where the forage to be

the whole grain Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various chopped are loaded
adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the
Long grains Paddy whose average length of the full brown rice grain is Output capacity Weight of processed material collected per unit time,
operation is stable
above 6.5 millimeters expressed in kilogram per hour
Paes 218: 2004 Agricultural machinery – forage chopper –
Slender grains Paddy with whole milled rice grain having length/width Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and
specifications
ratio over 3.0 the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the
Blow-up type Type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are forage chopper.
Paes 216: 2004 Agricultural machinery – hammer mill –
blown up through the blow-up pipe
specifications Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
Cutterhead cutting rotor Devices intended to cut the crop into short lengths with to the median plane of the forage chopper and touching
Fineness modulus Classification system that indicates the uniformity of
reasonable consistency within a range of optional settings its front and rear extremities.
grind in the resultant product; sum of the weight fractions

retained above each sieve divided by 100 Cylinder cutterhead Knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
edges of the knives are essentially parallel to the axis of median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
Hammer mill Device use for grinding which is a result of the impact
rotation outermost point of the forage chopper on its respective
between the particles and hammers, which are mounted

on a shaft rotating along a horizontal axis Feedrol Cylindrical roll generally with protrusions or flutes, used side

to gather, compress and advance the crop into the Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to run
Reduction ratio Ratio of the average size of input to the average size of
cutterhead the forage chopper
the product
Flywheel cutterhead Knives mounted essentially radially with the cutting Running -in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
Aisi 1080 - aisi 1085 Hammers shall be made of
edges describing a plane perpendicular to the axis of adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the
96 db The noise emitted by the hammer mill shall not be more
rotation operation is stable
than
Forage chopper Machine used to cut the crop into short parallel lengths Paes 220: 2004 Agricultural machinery – peanut sheller –
Paes 217: 2004 Agricultural machinery – hammer mill – methods of
Let-fall type Type of forage chopper where the chopped materials are specifications
test
dropped down to the bottom of machine Blower loss Ratio of the weight of kernels blown by the sheller fan, to
Hammer mill Device used for milling which consists of rotating
Precision-cut forage chopper Forage chopper which uses a feeding mechanism the weight of the total kernel input of the sheller,
hammer(s) and a heavy perforated screen at the bottom
consisting of four or more feed rolls to partially orient and expressed in percent
Input capacity Weight of input materials per unit loading time into the
advance the crop at a consistent rate into the cutting Damaged kerne Wholly or partially broken and insect-damaged kernel
hopper/intake pit, expressed in kilogram per hour
mechanism
Laboratory sieve shaker Equipment with definite shaking motion used to sort size Kernel Edible part of peanut
Random-cut forage chopper Forage chopper without a distinct feeding mechanism,
of the milled materials using standard screen sieves Main kernel outlet Outlet at which shelled kernel moves out of the machine
usually employing flails to impact-cut and chop crop
Milling capacity Quantity of input materials that the hammer mill can Peanut sheller Machine used to remove kernels from the shell by
directly into shorter pieces.
process to produce milled materials per unit of time, breaking/splitting the pods
Semi-precision-cut forage Forage chopper which uses a feeding mechanism
expressed in kilogram per hour Pod Unbroken shell with kernel inside
chopper consisting of two feed rolls, or other means such as an
Output capacity Weight of the milled materials collected, expressed in Purity Amount of kernels free of foreign matter expressed as
auger, to advance the crop to the cutting mechanism
kilogram per hour percentage of the total weight of the sample
note mean particle lengths and particle uniformity are
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and Shell Hull of the pod
 kernel input expressed as percentage by weight to the median plane of the chipping machine and

At least 75 % of input capacity Amount of test material to be supplied touching its front and rear extremities
Shell outlet Outlet at which shells come out of the machine in case of
of peanut sheller Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
the machine with blower(s)
PAES 222: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine – median plane of the chipping machine, each plane
Shelled kernels Whole and damaged kernels freed from shell
Specifications touching the outermost point of the chipping machine
Shelling efficiency Ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at all
Chip Thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm Plate angle Angle of orientation of the chipping plate with respect to
outlets, to the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed
Chipping machine chipper Size reduction machine either power or manually the horizontal plane
in percent
operated which is used to cut or slice root crops or Primemover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to run
Shelling recovery Ratio of the weight of the shelled kernels collected at the
banana into small thin pieces called chips the chipping machine
main outlet, to the total weight of the kernel input of the
Chipping capacity Amount of material that can be processed per unit time, Rake angle Angle of inclination of the blade with respect to the
sheller, expressed in percent
kg/h chipping plate
Unshelled loss Ratio of the weight of kernels that remained in the pods
Cutterhead cutting rotor Devices intended to slice the crop into chips with Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
collected from all outlets, to the weight of the total kernel
reasonable consistency within a range of optional settings adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the
input of the sheller, expressed in percent
Discharge chute Opening through which chipped material is thrown out operation is stable
Whole kernel Unbroken and non-insect damaged kernel
Flywheel type Type of chipping machine with knives mounted radially PAES 224: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Rice Combine –
PAES 221: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Peanut Sheller – Methods
with the cutting edges describing a plane perpendicular Specifications
of Test
to the axis of rotation Blower cleaning fan Rotary device which produces a draught of air across the
Kernel-pod ratio Ratio of the weight of kernel to the weight of the pod,
Guard Component intended to provide protection for the chaffer and cleaning sieve(s) to blow away the materials
expressed as percent
operator or bystander from injury or impurities lighter than grains
Main kernel outlet Outlet at which shelled kernel move out of the machine
Drum type Knives on cylindrical mountings such that the cutting Concave Concave-shaped, stationary element adjacent to the
Mechanically damaged kernels Broken kernels and/or scratched as a result of shelling
edges of the knives are essentially parallel to the axis of threshing cylinder or threshing rotor, fitted primarily to
operation
rotation enhance threshing
Net cracked kernel Difference between the percent cracked kernel taken
AISI 1040 to AISI 1045 Chipping elements should be made of either Crop elevator Auxiliary conveyor to assist in feeding the crop to the
before and after the shelling operation
threshing cylinder
92 db The noise emitted by the chipping machine shall not be
Output capacity Weight of the shelled kernel received at the main kernel
more than Field efficiency Ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field
outlet per unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour
capacity, expressed in percent
PAES 223: 2004 Agricultural Machinery – Chipping Machine –
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and
Methods of Test Grain elevator Device which carries the grains from grain auger to grain
the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the
tank or bin
Blade bevel angle Angle of the cutting edge of the blade
shelling unit
Grain loss Loss classified according to source, including all field
Chip Thin slice of material with thickness of about 4 mm
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
losses attributable to the machine
to the median plane of the shelling unit and touching its Chipping machine chipper Size reduction machine either power or manually
Grain pan Pan for collecting the clean grains after being passed
front and rear extremities operated which is used to cut or slice root crops or
through cleaning sieve(s) for conveying to grain auger
banana into small thin pieces called chips
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
Grain tank bin Tank used to hold the threshed grain
median plane of the shelling unit, each plane touching Chipping capacity Amount of material that can be processed per unit time,

kg/h Header feed table Portion of the combine comprising the mechanism for
the outermost point of the sheller on its respective side
gathering, cutting, and picking the crop
Partially-shelled pod Pod being left with kernels in it after shelling Chipping efficiency Ratio of the weight of the chips collected at all outlets, to

the total weight of the input of the chipper, expressed in Header loss Grains that have fallen to the ground due to the
Pod Unbroken shell with kernel inside
percent machine’s cutting operation
Shelling efficiency Shelled kernel received at all outlet with respect to the
Chipping recovery Ratio of the weight of the chips collected at the main Impurities All matters other than grains such as paddy stalks and
total kernel input expressed as percentage by weight
outlet, to the total weight of the input of the chipper, leaves, and weeds
Shelling recovery Ratio of the weight of the kernel collected at the main
expressed in percent Reel Revolving slats or arms with battens arranged parallel to
kernel outlet to the total kernel input expressed as
Cutting disc Rotating part of the chipping machine that holds the the cutter bar to hold the crop being cut by the knife and
percentage by weight
cutting knives to push and guide it to a conveyor platform or feeder
Total kernel input Sum of the weight of kernel collected from the main
conveyor auger
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and
kernel input and the clean kernel from the blower loss,
the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the Rice combine Mobile grain-harvesting machine for cutting, picking,
separation loss, unshelled loss and scattering loss
chipping machine stripping or picking up crop, threshing, separating,
Unshelled loss Ratio of the weight of the kernel that remained in the
cleaning and conveying grain into a grain hopper and
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
shell after feeding into the shelling cylinder to the total
depositing harvest residue onto the ground
Shaker shoe shoe Oscillating structure which supports the cleaning sieve(s) Input capacity Weight of palay per unit loading time into the hopper, adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the

and which may also support the chaffer and the chaffer kg/h operation is stable

extension Micromil Friction type rice mill performing simultaneous hulling Undermilled rice Rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran

Straw walker Assembly of two or more racks which agitates the straw and whitening operations and having a milling capacity of layer, and the greater part of the inner bran layer have

and separates the remaining grains from straw 50-250 kg/h been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the

Stripper beater rear beater Element placed on the rear side of the cylinder and above Milled rice Grains obtained after the removal of hull and bran bran layer may still be present on more than 40 % of the

to rear ward of concave or concave grate extension or Milling capacity Quantity of palay that the micromill can process per total sample grains

transition grate to assist the deflection of straw on straw milling time, kg/h Well-milled rice Rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran

walker Milling degree Extent or degree by which the bran layer and germ have layers, and the greater part of the inner bran layer have

Threshing cylinder threshing Balanced rotating assembly, comprising rasp bars, beater been removed been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the

drum bars or spikes on its periphery and their supports, for bran layers may still be present on less than 15% of the
Milling recovery Ratio of the weight of milled rice to the total weight of
threshing the crop, which, in conjunction with a stationary sample grains
palay, percent
element adjacent to it, is fitted primarily to enhance PAES 228:2005 Agricultural Machinery –Fiber Decorticator–
Percent head rice Ratio of the weight of grains that do not break in the
threshing, where the crop being threshed is contained Specifications
process of milling and with a size of eight-tenth (8/10) or
between rotating and stationary elements for less than Fiber Slender and greatly elongated natural filament of fiber
more of the whole grain to the total weight of milled rice,
360° plant
percent
Theoretical field capacity Computed rate of being able to reap palay in a given area Fiber decorticator decorticator Mechanical device used for extracting fibers by crushing,
Rice hull Outermost rough covering of the palay grain (palea and
per unit of time beating and scraping actions effected by the rotating
lemma) consisting of the empty glumes, floral glumes
Self-propelled Type of rice combine where the engine is integral with and awn cylinder with equally spaced blades and breaker or

the machine and provides power for all processes and for scraper block
Village model Type of micromill with input capacity of 100-250 kg/h
movement. Fiber quality Refers to the physical, chemical and morphological
Well-milled rice Rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran
Wheeled type Rice combine in which the pneumatic wheels or steel properties of fibers extracted
layers, and the greater part of the inner bran layer have
cage wheels are used. Fiber recovery Ratio of the dry weight of fiber extracted and total fresh
been removed, but part of the lengthwise streaks of the
Track type Rice combine fitted with full or half tracks instead of bran layers may still be present on less than 15% of the weight of stalks / leaves, expressed in percent

pneumatic wheels. sample grains Input capacity Weight of the raw materials (fresh stalks / leaves) fed to

Tractor-operated Type of rice combine which requires a tractor to serve as PAES 227:2005 Agricultural Machinery – Micromill – Methods of the machine per unit time, kg/h

a source of power. Test Scraper block breaker block Part of the decorticator where raw materials are beaten

Trailed Rice combine mounted at the rear of the tractor. Bran streaks Longitudinal bran layers remaining in the dorsal grooves up and crushed

Side-mounted Rice combine mounted at the side of the tractor after milling 95 db Abaca, Banana, Maguey, Pineapple, Ramie and Sisal

AISI 1080 to AISI 1085 or AISI Cutting elements (i.e. Knife) should be made of either Output capacity Weight of milled rice per unit of milling time, kg/h Abaca (AD-1-ABACA Fiber of this grade is of good cleaning and its color ranges

5160 Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and DECORTICATED SUPERIOR) from ivory white to light ochre. This grade shall be free

40 % - 45 % Threshing elements shall be made of alloy steel, or heat- horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the from any shade of purple, red and greenish streaks.

treated carbon steel with carbon content of micromill Maguey (MR-1-MAGUEY ONE) In all fiber of this grade the cleaning process has been

20 m/s - 30 m/s Recommended peripheral speed of the threshing drum Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at right angles to properly and carefully carried out. There are practically

PAES 226: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Micromill – Specifications the median plane of the micromill and touching its front no scales in the fiber. The cleaning is good and the color

and rear extremities is dull white.

Bran Outer layer of the brown rice consisting of the aleurone

cells covering the endosperm of the rice grain Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the Pineapple (PID-1-PIÑA Produced when the fiber is properly decorticated and

median plane of the micromill, each plane touching the DECORTICATED ONE) dried. The fiber is almost free from scales, epidermal
Brewer’s rice “binlid” Small pieces or particles of grains that pass through a

outermost point of the micromill on its respective side layers and pulps. The cleaning is good and the color
sieve with round perforations of 1.4 mm in diameter
varies from ivory white to almost white
Broken grains Grains that break in the process of milling which have a Overmilled rice Rice grain from which the hull, the germ, and the bran

layers have been completely removed Ramie (RD-A-RAMIE SPECIAL) Fiber washed simultaneously or immediately after
size of less than eight-tenth (8/10) of the average length
decortications with fresh water. It’s completely free from
of whole grain Regular milled rice Rice grain from which the hull, the germ, the outer bran
bark, sticks (broken stems) or foreign matters. The color
Head rice Grain or fraction of grain with its length equal to or layers and the greater part of the inner bran layers have
ranges from light straw or light greenish to light yellowish
greater than eight-tenth (8/10) of the average length of been removed but part of the lengthwise streaks of the
ivory or creamy and the cleaning is good.
the whole grain bran layers may still be present on 15% to 40% of the

sample grains Sisal (SR-1-SISAL ONE) In all fiber of this grade the cleaning has been properly
Household model Type of micromill with milling capacity of 50 kg/h to less
carried out. There are practically no scales in the fiber.
than 100 kg/h Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
 The cleaning is good and the color is dull white Primemover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to run affecting its moisture content

PAES 229:2005 Agricultural Machinery – Fiber Decorticator – the decorticating machine Crude oil production rate Quantity of crude oil that the expeller can extract per unit

Methods of Test Running -in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various of time, expressed in kilogram per hour

Cleaning The method or extent of extracting (by retting or adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and

decorticating) the fiber from the leaves operation is stable the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the

Color Principal factor which determine the grade of a fiber Total decorticating input Sum of the weights of collected decorticated fiber and all oil expeller

Cylinder length Distance between the outermost points along the cylinder losses Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles

base axis 13% - 14% Air dry the extracted fiber and when the moisture content to the median plane of the oil expeller and touching its

Cylinder peripheral speed Equivalent linear speed of the cylinder tip when running is around front and rear extremities

at normal operating speed PAES 230: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Coconut Oil Expeller – Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the

Elongation Elasticity or stretch of a fiber before rupture Specifications median plane of the oil expeller, each plane touching the

Choke Permit a final adjustment of pressure and capacity in outermost point of the oil expeller on its respective side
Effective allowance Distance between the scraper block/breaker block and

blades in order to separate fiber elements from the non- order to correct variations in the raw material and to Purity Amount of input test material free of foreign matter

fiber elements of the plant secure the lowest possible oil content of the copra meal expressed as percentage of the total weight of the

residue sample
Effective cylinder diameter Outside diameter generated by the outermost point of the

cylinder decorticating elements Copra Dried coconut meat from which oil is extracted Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various

Copra meal Residue collected after extracting oil from milled copra adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the
Extraction efficiency Ratio of the amount between the total weight of the fiber

Crude oil Freshly extracted coconut oil containing moisture, fiber, operation is stable
extracted to the total amount of fiber content on a dry

basis resins, colors, etc. From copra Wet copra meal Copra residue that pass through the expeller barrel

Expeller barrel Barrel or cage consists of a heavy cradle-type frame into together with the crude oil but is filtered by the
Extraction loss Difference between the total amount of fiber content and

which flat steel bars are set edgewise around the perforated screen placed at the entrance of the crude oil
amount of fiber extracted on a dry basis

periphery, therefore parallel to the worm shaft chute

Fiber quality Refers to the physical, chemical and morphological
functioning as a screen PAES 232:2008 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Washer-Peeler –
properties of fibers extracted

Extraction chamber Part of the oil expeller where the extraction process Specifications
Fiber recovery Ratio of the dry weight of fiber extracted and total fresh
occurs Clean Practically free from dirt, stains, other foreign materials or
weight of stalks/leaves, expressed in percent

Input capacity Weight of input test material per unit loading time into absence of caked dirt on the rhizome or between
Grade Indicator of the quality or the characteristics of the
the hopper/intake pit, expressed in kilogram per hour segments of the rhizome and other crops
physical property of a fiber

Oil expeller Motor-driven extrusion type machine capable of Multicrop washer-peeler Machine that peels outer skin, or cleans and removes
Labor requirement Number of persons needed in the operation of the fiber
extracting crude oil from copra for use in cooking, undesirable debris of ginger rhizomes, sweet potato,
decorticator
soapmaking, or as ingredient in other foods such as potato, arrow root, radish and carrot
Morphological properties Properties of the fiber which deal with its anatomical
baked or fried goods Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to
characteristics such as length, diameter, lumen and wall
Primemover Electric motor, or internal combustion engine used to run drive the multicrop washer-peeler
thickness
the oil expeller Rhizome Horizontally elongated subterranean stem, which forms
Output capacity Dry weight of the fiber at 13-14% moisture content
Worm shaft A kind of a screw which has the double task of conveying roots on the lower side and shoots on the upper side of
extracted per unit time
the raw material through the pressure chamber formed the nodes
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and
by the barrel, and at the same time of exerting a pressure Effective capacity washing- The amount of washed and peeled crops per unit time
the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the
on it peeling capacity during the actual washing-peeling operation time,
machine
Tool steel The expeller barrel shall be made of expressed in kilogram per hour
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
Washing drum assembly A cylinder encased in a water container and rotating in a
to the median plane of machine and touching its front 60% Minimum percent crude oil recovery of oil expeller
horizontal axis where crops are being loaded for the
and rear extremities
96 db The noise emitted by the oil expeller measured 50 mm washing and peeling operation
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
away from the operator’s ear level shall not be more than Water container A cylindrical container that holds the water and washing
median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
71ºc The maximum temperature measured from the expeller drum assembly
outermost point of the machine on its respective side
barrel shall not exceed Small-scale Multicrop washer-peeler that has an effective capacity of
Physical properties Inherent strength and behavior of fibers under applied
PAES 231: 2005 Agricultural Machinery – Coconut Oil Expeller – up to 15 kg/h.
force which determines the mechanical serviceability or
Methods of Test Medium-scale Multicrop washer-peeler that has an effective capacity of
usefulness in commerce such as tensile strength,
Desiccators Container where oven-dried samples are cooled without more than 15 kg/h up to 40 kg/h
cleaning and color
Commercial-scale Multicrop washer-peeler that has an effective capacity of Crops are placed between two surfaces and subjected to 0.37 kw (½ hp) Power requirement ( for six kg capacity)

more than 40 kg/h pressure.

PAES 237: 2008 Agricultural Machinery – Crystallizer– Methods of
90% Minimum machine efficiency of the multicrop washer- Screw press type Machines that extract through a tapered, rotating screw
Test
peeler that moves and compresses the crops. Extraction takes
Biomass fuel Type of fuel from living organisms such as plants, animals
The noise emitted by the multicrop washer-peeler place by shearing and pressing actions.
and their by-products
measured 50 mm away from the operator’s ear level at Roller press type Machines that extract juice by passing the crops in
Cooking losses Total percent of ginger tea (instant “salabat”) loss based
actual working position shall not be more than 96 db between rolling plates/disc.
on the recovered product
PAES 233: 2008 Agricultural Machinery-Multicrop Washer-Peeler– PAES 235: 2008 Agricultural Machinery–Multicrop Juice Extractor–
Cooking rate Quantity of juice that the crystallizer can cook per unit of
Methods of Test Methods of Test
time, expressed in kilogram per hour
Freshly harvested Crop condition stored not more than 2 days after harvest Extraction loss Difference between the total amount of potential juice
Fineness modulus Principal factor which indicates the uniformity of ginger
content and total amount of juice recovered
Holding capacity Weight of input test material per batch, expressed in tea (instant “salabat”)
Extraction rate Quantity of juice that the extractor can obtain per unit of
kilogram per batch Ginger tea quality Refers to the physical and chemical properties of the
time, expressed in kilogram per hour
Labor requirement Number of persons needed to operate the multicrop product, instant “salabat”
Juice quality Refers to the physical and chemical properties of juice
washer-peeler Holding capacity Weight of input juice per batch, expressed in kilogram
extracted
Machine efficiency Quantitative efficiency of the machine in cleaning and
Operating time Length of time measured from the time the burner is
Juice recovery Ratio of the extracted juice and the total weight of the
peeling crops, expressed in percent
turned on until it is turned off
input crop, expressed in percent
Mechanically damaged Materials that are damaged (i.e. Bruises/scratched,
Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to
Potential juice content Initial moisture content of the crop
materials broken, sliced, etc.) As a result of washing and peeling
drive the crystallizer
operation, expressed in percent Morphological properties Properties of the test material which deal with its
PAES 238:2008 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Micromill –
Operating time Length of time measured from the time the prime mover anatomical characteristics such as length, width and
Specifications
was started until it was turned off thickness.
Collecting bin Part of the machine where the ground/milled products are
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and Laboratory Analysis Used to determine morphological properties and moisture
being discharged
the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the content of the test materials
Cyclone Part of the machine (usually made of cheesecloth) where
multicrop washer-peeler PAES 236:2008 Agricultural Machinery – Crystallizer –
the small or powdered solids are being separated and
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at a right angles to Specifications
protected from the air
the median plane of the multicrop washer-peeler and Burner Main source of heat used in cooking ginger juice
Flour Finely ground or powdered foodstuffs from grains or other
touching its front and rear extremities
Crystallizer Machine that cooks ginger juice to produce ginger tea starchy plant foods used mainly in baking
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
(instant “salabat”) Food seasoning An ingredient (as condiment, spice or herb) added to food
median plane of the multicrop washerpeeler, each plane
Cooking basin Part of the crystallizer where ginger juice are being primarily to enhance its flavour
touching the outermost point of the multicrop washer-
loaded for cooking operation Input capacity Weight of material per unit loading time into the hopper,
peeler on its respective sides
Cooking recovery Ratio between the total weight of recovered ginger tea expressed in kilogram per hour
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make final
(instant “salabat”) and the weight of sugar added to the Milling chamber Part of the multicrop micromill where milling/grinding
adjustments prior to the conduct of test
input ginger juice takes place
Paes 234:2008 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Juice Extractor –
Ginger tea (instant “salabat”) Crystallized form of ginger from its juice Milling efficiency Ratio between the amount of acceptable ground/milled
Specifications
product and the total milling recovery, expressed in
Extracting chamber Part of the multicrop juice extractor where juice Holding capacity Weight of input juice per batch, expressed in kilogram per
percentage
extraction takes place. batch
Multicrop micromill Machine that grinds dried product meal of various crops
Extraction efficiency Ratio between the total moisture extracted by the Liquefied petroleum gas (lpg) Type of fuel used in cooking ginger juice
into finer particles suitable for the purpose of food
machine to the total initial moisture content of the crop. Paddle Component of the crystallizer that is used in stirring to
seasoning or as flour
Extraction recovery Total amount of extracted juice collected based on the attain the desired consistency of the mixture to produce
Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to
extraction losses, expressed in percentage. ginger tea (instant “salabat”)
drive the multicrop micromill
Meal Residues of the crop after juice extraction 90 % Minimum cooking recovery
Hammer mill It consists of a rotating beater and a heavy perforated

Juice Aqueous liquid expressed or extracted from crop cells or 0.310 mm The final product, ginger tea (instant “salabat”) should screen. Size reduction of materials is done due to impact

tissues. have an average particle size diameter of (pass thru sieve Attrition mill It consists of two roughed plates, one stationary and the

Multicrop juice extractor Machine capable of extracting the juice of different crops. number 40) other rotating. The material is reduced by crushing and

40 to 50 rpm Stirring speed shears

Piston press type Machines that extract juice by squeezing or compressing.
Roller mill It consists of rollers, with or without serrated surfaces. It perpendicular to the direction of flow Backward-Curved Blades Has single-thickness steel fan blade and can handle

reduces the material by pressing or squeezing until the Lift-drag ratio Ratio between the lift force and the drag force on contaminated air streams. Has blades that point to the

material breaks fan/blower blades during operation direction opposite to the rotation at the tip and in the

95% Minimum milling recovery Leading edge, LE Side of the fan/blower blade where the air comes in direction of rotation at the heel (12 blades).

contact with at entry Backward-Inclined Blades More economical in production and has low structural
90 % Minimum milling efficiency
Trailing edge, TE Side of the fan/blower blade that is usually pointed and strength and efficiency. In this type, the direction of the
PAES 239: 2008 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Micromill – outflow air is opposite to the inclination of the blades.
where the deflection of air occurs
Methods of Test
Hub-tip ratio Ratio between the hub diameter and the fan/blower Centrifugal Fans with Forward- Have blades which are curved forward to the direction of
Fineness Indicates the uniformity of grind in the resultant product Curved Blades the rotation and have larger flow rate when compared to
wheel diameter

Input capacity Weight of input test material per unit time, expressed in other centrifugal fans of the same size and speed.
Rotor Rotating device with blades projecting from a hub

kilogram per hour Centrifugal Fans with Radial That are rugged and self cleaning and have non-
Fan/blower wheel Any revolving vane or vanes used for producing currents
Input time Time required to empty the hopper from full load per trial blades tangential flow at the leading edge. This type can handle
of air
corrosive fumes and abrasive materials from grinding
Labor requirement Number of man-day needed in the operation of the Belt-Drive Fan/Blower Type of driving mechanism that can obtain any
operations.
multicrop micromill fan/blower speed by controlling the pulley ratio.
Centrifugal Fans with Radial Tip That is curved, with good flow condition at the leading
Milling capacity Total amount of materials milled over the total time the Direct-Drive Fan/Blower Type of driving mechanism that directly transfers energy
Blades edge and blade tips are radial.
multicrop micromill is in operation, expressed in kilogram or power from engine crankshaft or motor shaft to the
Axial-Centrifugal Fans Also known as tubular centrifugal fan, in-line centrifugal
per hour fan/blower.
fan or mixed flow fan
Milling efficiency Ratio between the amount of acceptable ground/milled Rigid Coupling Type of coupling that is used when the shafts are virtually
Fan Wheel with Flat Back Plate The air stream has to make two 90 degrees turns before
product and the total milling recovery, expressed in collinear and when they remain in fixed angular relation
exiting the fan housing.
percentage with respect to each other (except for angular deflection).
Fan Wheel with Conical Back The air stream has to make two 45 degrees turns before
Milling recovery Ratio between the total amount of ground/milled product Flexible Coupling Type of coupling that is designed to connect shafts which
Plate exiting the fan housing
recovered and the total input materials, expressed in are misaligned either laterally or angularly. A secondary
Cross-Flow Blowers The airflow passes twice through a fan wheel with
percentage benefit is the absorption of impacts due to fluctuations in
forward-curved blades. This type is mainly used as air
Operating time Actual milling operation of the machine shaft torque or angular speed
curtains, long and narrow heating or cooling coils and dry
Variable Drive Fan/Blower Type of driving mechanism that uses hydraulic or
Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to blowers.
magnetic couplings between fan/blower wheel shaft and
drive the machine Vortex or Regenerative Blowers Causes the airflow to circle around in an annular, torus-
motor shaft which allows control of fan/blower wheel
Quality Refers to the fineness of the ground/milled product shaped space.
speed independent of the motor speed.
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make final 40 to 63 Lift-drag ratio for airfoil type of blade shall have range
Asymmetrical Airfoil Blade Blade that has a blunt leading edge and a pointed trailing
adjustments prior to the conduct of test value
edge. It has a streamline cross sectional shape.
Sealed Free of openings that allow the entry or passage of 20 to 57. Lift-drag ratio for single-thickness sheet metal type of
Single-Thickness Sheet Metal Blade type that has pointed leading and trailing edge
moisture blade shall have range value
Blade
PAES 240:2010 Agricultural Machinery – Fans and Blowers – PNS/PAES 201:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Heated-Air Mechanical
Axial-Flow Fans/Blowers Fans that force the air to move parallel to the shaft on
Specifications Grain Dryer – Specifications
which the fan blades rotate
Airfoil Shape of a wing or blade of a propeller, rotor, or turbine Batch type Mechanical grain dryer wherein the grain in fixed amount
Propeller Fan Commonly used for supplying cool air to certain
or sails as seen in cross section is held in the drying chamber in batches until the grain
processes and exhausting hot or contaminated air and
reaches the desired moisture content
Camber Asymmetry between the top and the bottom curves of an corrosive gases in buildings.
airfoil in cross-section Flat bed type Batch type dryer wherein a fixed amount of grain is held
Tube-Axial Fan Serves as exhausting material from an inlet duct.
stationary in a horizontal grain holding bin
Drag, D Force cause by friction which slows down the movement
Vane-Axial Fan Neutralizes air spin for it to be used as blower in outlet Recirculating type Batch type dryer equipped to circulate and/or mixed fixed
of an object
duct and exhaust in inlet duct. amount of grain during the drying operation
Fan blower Device for moving air which utilizes a power-driven
Centrifugal Fans The air inflow move axially and the air outflow move Biomass Organic materials used as renewable source of energy
rotating impeller
tangentially. Consists of a wheel or rotor within a scroll including but not limited to agricultural crops, feed and
Fan/blower guard Structure mounted on the inlet and/or outlet part of
spiral type housing fiber crop residues, aquatic plants, forestry and wood
fan/blower for safety purpose
Centrifugal Fans with Airfoil Has the best mechanical efficiency and the lowest noise residues, agricultural wastes, processing by-products and
Angle of attack, α Angle measured between the air inlet and lower camber
Blades level among the centrifugal fans. Used primarily for clean other non-fossil organic materials.
of the fan/blower
air, gas application and for general ventilation Broken grains Pieces of grains smaller than three-fourths (3/4) of the
Lift, L Sum of all the forces on a body that force it to move
 average length of the whole kernel Airflow rate Volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of Fan blower Device for moving air which utilizes a power driven

Continuous flow dryer Dryer in which the material being dried moves through grains per second rotating impeller

the drying chamber in a substantially continuous stream Burner efficiency Ratio of the heat supplied by the burner, to the heat Hub-tip ratio Ratio between the hub diameter and the fan/blower

and is discharged without being recirculated and where released by the fuel wheel diameter

the drying and tempering processes are accomplished in Combustion efficiency Ratio of the heat released by the fuel, to the theoretical Lift-drag ratio Ratio between the lift force and the drag force on

another holding bin or column heat available from the fuel fan/blower blades during operation

Cracked grain Grains which show signs of fissures or fractures or Damaged grains Grains which are heat damaged, weather damaged, Pitot tube Tube that is being connected to a manometer and is

splinters ground damaged, moldy, diseased, insect bored, being used to measure the static and total force of air in

Dehusked corn ear corn corn on Unshelled fruit of the corn plant where husk has been sprouted or distinctly damaged by insects, water, fungi the testing duct of fan/blower

cob remove and/or any other means as seen by the naked eye Static air power Part of the energy per unit time that is imparted by the

Dryer, direct-fired Dryer in which the products of combustion come into Drying air temperature Average temperature of the air to be used for drying the fan/blower to the air in overcoming static pressure from

direct contact with the product being dried grain, measured at a number of points as close as the inlet to the outlet

Dryer, indirect-fired Dryer in which the products of combustion do not come in practicable to its entry to the grain bed Static pressure Potential energy put into the system by the fan/blower

contact with the products being dried Drying rate Amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in and is given up to friction in the ducts and at the duct

Drying efficiency heat utilization Ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the kilogram per hour inlet as it is converted to velocity pressure

efficiency material, to the amount of heat added to the drying air Drying system efficiency Ratio of the total heat utilized for drying, to the heat Throttling device Conical structure or orifice rings that are being used at

expressed in percent available in the fuel expressed in percent the end of testing duct of fan/blower to enable variation

Dust collection system Device used to accumulate dust ( i.e. Consist of aspiration Fuel consumption Total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying in air volumetric flow rate

fan, cyclone, etc.) time Total pressure Sum of the static and velocity pressure

Fan Air moving device that is used to force heated air through Grain holding capacity load Continuous flow dryer: weight of grain that could be
Traverse point Point in the duct at which measurement using pitot tube
the mass of grains at the desired air flow rate and capacity contained in the dryer
shall be done
pressure Batch type dryer: weight of grain required to fill the dryer
Velocity pressure Pressure along the line of the flow that result from the air
Grain dryer Device for reducing excess moisture from the grain, with at the input moisture content
flowing through the duct
or without introduction of heat Moisture reduction rate drying Average percentage point moisture content removed
PAES 242:2010 Agricultural Machinery – Biomass Furnace – Specifications
Head rice Grain or a piece of a grain with the length equal to or rate from the grain per drying time
Biomass Organic materials used as renewable source of energy
greater than three-fourths (3/4) of the average length of Non-renewable energy source Source of energy which includes petroleum-based fuels
like wood chips, corncobs and rice hulls, etc.
the whole kernel such as kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil and bunker fuel oil
Biomass furnace Enclosed structure for intense heating by fire using any
Heated-air mechanical grain Device used to remove grain moisture by forcing heated Renewable energy source Source of energy that includes non-petroleum based fuels
biomass like woodchips, corncobs and rice hulls as fuel
dryer air through the grain mass until the desired moisture such as biomass and solar energy

content is attained Hearth Fire resistant surface located at the heating chamber of
Static pressure Pressure in the plenum chamber to maintain uniform
the biomass furnace
Heating system efficiency Ratio of the amount of heat added in the air to the heat distribution of air flow through the grain mass, expressed

available in the fuel in Pascal Workload Materials to be processed (i.e. Dried, burned, melted,

etc.) Using biomass furnace

Moisture gradient Difference between the maximum and the minimum grain Suction system Air movement through the drying chamber wherein air is

moisture content randomly sampled after drying moved through the product at a pressure lower that the Grate Framework of metal bars or fire bricks used to hold

atmospheric condition, expressed in Pascal biomass fuel in furnace for more efficient combustion
Plenum Chamber maintained under pressure for uniform

distribution of the heated air through the grain mass Tempering Temporarily holding the grain between the drying passes, Direct-fired biomass furnace Flue gas and other products of combustion goes into the

allowing the moisture content in the center of the grain dryer.

Safety device Any device that is used to avoid human accident related

to drying operation and/or damage to the parts and and that on the surface of the grain to equalize Cyclonic Biomass fuels are fed on the combustion chamber in

components of the dryer during the operation and PAES 241:201 Agricultural Machinery – Fans and Blowers – cyclonic manner using a blower. The biomass fuels in this

automatically shuts-off the operation of the dryer in case Methods of Test type of furnace are burned while in suspension.

of malfunction Air power Part of the energy per unit time that is imparted by the Step-grate Biomass furnace with combustion chamber that have

Shelled corn “maize” corn grain Corn kernels, mainly of either dent or flint varieties of the fan to the air by increasing its total pressure from the stair-liked arrangement of grate.

plant Zea mays inlet to the outlet Gravity Biomass furnace that uses gravitational force on feeding

Tempering bin Chamber wherein the grains are temporarily held after Angle of attack Angle measured between the air inlet and the lower the biomass fuel.

drying chamber or to the storage bin camber of the fan/blower Indirect-fired biomass furnace Use a heat exchanger to prevent flue gas and other

PNS/PAES 202:2015 Agricultural Machinery – Heated-Air Mechanical Back-flow When the air flow/movement produces by fan/blower products of combustion to go with the drying air

Grain Dryer – Methods of Test starts to reverse direction Dry type biomass furnace Uses ambient air to be heated inside or outside the heat
 exchanger and be used as drying air. Furnace efficiency Ratio of the heat transferred and heat available in Horizontal The blades and shaft assembly rotates with respect to the

Wet type biomass furnace Uses hot fluid as medium of heat transfer. biomass furnace, expressed in percent horizontal axis.

Latent heat of vaporization Heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling Open cylinder Blades are connected and arranged to an open cylinder
Brick lining Heat resisting lining of the furnace using layer/s of fire
point in order to convert the material into a gas without main shaft
bricks
temperature change Closed cylinder Blades are connected and arranged to a closed cylinder
Ceramic fiber lining Heat resisting lining of the furnace using ceramic
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface main shaft.
materials
and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of 6 mm (1/4 inch) Clearance between rotating blades and counter blades of
Monolithic lining Heat resisting lining of the furnace using aggregates and
the biomass furnace. the shredding chamber shall be at least
bonding agent(s)
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles 90% Shredding efficiency
Castable refractory Consist of course and fine grains with suitable bonding
to the median plane of the biomass furnace and touching
cement. These are poured in place using molds or PAES 245:2010 Agricultural Machinery – Biomass Shredder –
its front and rear extremities.
pouring forms after mixing with water. Methods of Test
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
Trowelable refractory Kind of castable refractory mortar with a consistency that Unshredded Biomass material that is not totally cut into strips
median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
makes it easy to trowel into place. These are very useful
outermost point of the biomass furnace on its respective PAES 246:2010 Agricultural Machinery – Dehusked Corn Dryer –
for patching and for shaping complex surfaces.
side. Specifications
Plastic refractory Contain a binder material, and are tempered with water
Sensible heat Heat absorbed or evolved by a substance during a Dehusked corn ear corn corn- Unshelled fruit of the corn plant where the husk has been
so that they have suitable plasticity for pounding or
change of temperature that is not accompanied by a on-cob removed mechanically or manually
ramming into place.
change of state Husk Refers to the leafy outer/protective covering of an ear of
Ramming refractory Similar to that of plastic refractory but stiffer.
Heating system efficiency Ratio of actual and theoretical heat supplied by the fuel corn as it grows on the plant

Patching refractory Tempered with water and/or with a binder added for to the furnace, expressed in percent Dehusked corn dryer Device for removing excess moisture from the ear of corn

softer plasticity and permits patching in place. PAES 244:2010 Agricultural Machinery – Biomass Shredder – without husk, generally by forced or natural convection

Gunning refractory Have course and fine refractory grains and bonding Specifications with or without addition of heat

agents, suitable for installation with a gunning machine. Biomass shredder Machine used to cut biomass materials into strips Fan blower Air moving device that is used to force heated air through

Injection refractory Can be injected in a slurry state into small places such as the mass of materials to be dried at the desired air flow
Chipping section Part of a shredding machine which is used to cut or sliced
gaps and wide cracks, and for filling molds with narrow rate and pressure
twigs or small branches of trees into small and uniform
passageways. Direct Dryer in which the products of combustion come into
sizes called chips
Vibratable refractory Castable refractory materials that should be vibrated to direct contact with the product being dried.
Biomass Organic materials used as renewable source of energy
fill all the voids in a mold Indirect Dryer in which the products of combustion do not come in
and other agricultural applications
Coating refractory Form of a thin slurry that can be brushed onto or contact with the products being dried. This type enables
Hopper Part of the biomass shredder where the biomass
otherwise coated on the working surface of other the use of heat exchanger
materials to be cut are loaded
refractory Airflow rate of drying air for dehusked corn dryer shall be
Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to
Refractory mortars Finely ground refractory materials that, when tempered 15 to 40 m3 /min per cubic meter of dehusked corn.
drive the biomass shredder
with water, become trowelable for bonding layered-up PAES 247: 2010 Agricultural Machinery – Dehusked Corn Dryer –
Input capacity Weight of biomass material fed into the shredder,
refractory shapes. Methods of Test
expressed in kilogram per hour
760 °C (1400 °F) Single layer heat resisting lining of the combustion Damaged kernels Corn kernels which are heat damaged, weather damaged,
Shredding efficiency Ratio of the weight of the input biomass materials less
chamber and walls shall be able to withstand the sprouted or distinctly damaged by insects, water, fungi
unshredded biomass materials, to the total weight of the
operating temperature of at most and/or any other means
input biomass materials to the shredder, expressed in
At least 95% Burning efficiency of the biomass furnace Airflow rate Volume of air in cubic meters delivered to the mass of
percent
dehusked corn per minute
At least 65% Furnace efficiency Stationary type Biomass shredder that is installed permanently and
Drying air temperature Mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the
Welded joints shall not be less than 4 mm (1/8 inch) side commonly provided with adjustable anchors to level up
dehusked corn, measured at a number of points
fillet welded. Undercut shall not exceed 2 mm (1/16 inch) the machine during operation
practicably as close to its entry to the drying bed
for any length of weld. Trailer type Biomass shredder that is commonly hitched to transport
Drying capacity Maximum capacity that the dehusked corn dryer can dry
PAES 243: 2010 Agricultural Machinery – Biomass Furnace – vehicle to facilitate mobility
to meet the desired moisture content
Methods of Test Cart type Biomass shredder that is being manually pushed and/or
Heating system efficiency Product of combustion efficiency and burner/furnace
Burning efficiency Ratio of the actual and the theoretical heating value of pulled by a person to facilitate mobility
efficiency; the ratio of heat supplied to the dryer and the
fuel, expressed in percent Vertical The blades and shaft assembly rotates with respect to the
heat available from the fuel used, expressed in percent
vertical axis
Holding capacity load capacity Weight of dehusked corn required to fill the dryer at the Test Mobile type Coconut coir decorticator with pneumatic tires.

input moisture content Drying air temperature Mean temperature of the air to be used for drying the
Radial arrangement Blades are arranged symmetrically around a shaft or to
Moisture reduction rate Ratio of the average percent moisture content removed fruit, measured at a number of points as close as
an open cylinder.
from the dehusked corn to drying time, expressed in practicable to its entry to the drying bed
Spiral arrangement Each set of blades are arranged spirally along the axis of
percent per hour Drying capacity Maximum capacity that the fruit dryer can removed
the shaft.
PAES 248:2010 Agricultural Machinery – Fruit Dryer – moisture content per unit time
12 mm to 25 mm Lower concave grills spacing for coconut peat outlet shall
Specifications Drying efficiency heat utilization Ratio of the total heat utilized to vaporize moisture in the
range from
Fruit Ripened ovary or ovaries of a seed-bearing plant that are efficiency material, to the amount of heat added to the drying air,
CH-1 (Coir Good)  Highest grade of coir
edible, usually sweet and in fleshy form expressed in percent
 Fiber is of good cleaning with little or no
Fruit dryer Device for removing excess moisture from the fruits, Drying rate Amount of water removed per unit of time, expressed in
pulp present in the bristle
generally by forced or natural convection with or without kilogram per hour
 Color ranges from light brown to almost
addition of heat Drying system efficiency Ratio of the total heat utilized for drying, to the heat dark brown
Water activity Ratio of vapor pressure of water in the product to the available in the fuel expressed in percent  Length of fiber or bristle shall not be less
water vapor pressure of pure water at the same Fuel consumption Total amount of fuel consumed divided by the total drying than 5 in.
temperature. time  Texture maybe described as medium

Batch/Tunnel type Mechanical dryer wherein the sliced fruits in fixed volume Moisture reduction rate Ratio of the average percent moisture content removed harsh

are held in the drying chamber in batches until it reaches from the fruits, to drying time, expressed in percent per  No crumpled or tangled fiber

the desired moisture content. hour CH-2 (Coir Fair)  Bristle is of fair cleaning

Tray/Cabinet type Mechanical dryer wherein fixed volume of sliced fruits are 75% The fruit to be used shall be single variety and the  Fiber is stuck together and considerable

placed on perforated tray(s) in the drying chamber until it minimum moisture content pulps are present

reaches the desired moisture content. PAES 250:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Coconut Coir Decorticator  Strips shall not exceed 1 mm in width on

Fuel burning This type of fruit dryer heats up the drying air by direct – Specifications the average

burning of fuel inside the heating chamber Coconut husk Fibrous covering of a coconut fruit comprising of 30%
 Texture is harsh

Heat pump Fruit dryer type that heats the drying air through the use fiber and 70% parenchymatous cells
 Length shall be not less than 5 in.

of reversed refrigeration system Coconut coir Slender and elongated fibrous materials extracted from
 Color ranges from dull brown to dark

Biomass energy Fruit dryer is coupled to an indirect-fired biomass furnace brown approaching black
coconut husk

where the drying air is being heated using heat

 No crumpled or tangled fiber
Coconut peat Fine and powder-like particles parenchymatous cells that
exchangers. are extracted from the coconut husk
CH-3 (Coir Mixed)  Mixture of bristle and mattress fiber

Solar energy Fruit dryer is coupled to an air type solar collector where
 Generally, crumpled and tangled
Coconut coir decorticator Machine to crush matured coconut husk through impact
the air is being heated and ducted to the drying chamber.
 Of good and fair cleaning
or beating action to separate coco fiber and coconut peat
Air circulation can be by natural convection or by using
 Color ranges from light brown to dull
from the husk
blowers. brown
Decorticating efficiency Ratio of the weight of the input coconut husk partially and
Thermostats Installed in the evaporators and condensers to monitor
 Texture is medium harsh
totally undecorticated coconut husk to the total weight of
temperature.
 Free from coir peat and hard, unfibered
the input coconut husk to the decorticator, expressed in
portion of the husk
Blower(s) Placed before the evaporator and condenser to effect air percent

circulation inside the dryer.

CH-4 (Coir Mattress)  Mostly short crumpled fiber with average
Coir quality Refers to the physical and morphological (e.g. Tensile
length of not less the 2 ½ in.
Pressure gauges Installed before and after the compressor to monitor the strength, maturity, color, fiber length and cleanliness)
 Generally used for mattress
refrigerant. properties of fibers extracted
 Shall be free from coir peat and hard,
60°C to 70°C Maximum range of drying air temperature to be used in Input capacity Weight of coconut husk fed into the decorticator
undefibered husk
heat pump fruit dryer shall be expressed in kilogram per hour
CH-W (Coir Waste)  Fibers less than 2 ½ in. Long
0.2 m/s Air velocity inside the drying chamber of fruit dryer Manual feeding Operation of the decorticator shall require the manual
 Fibers with partially defibered portion of
should be at least feeding of coconut husk to the hopper.
husk mixed with
75% Minimum drying efficiency of the fruit dryer Mechanical feeding Operation of the decorticator require mechanical means
 Proportionate weight of coir peat

Petroleum based fuel (direct-fired) 90%

of feeding the coconut husk to the hopper
 Predominant coir peat is not included in

Petroleum based fuel (indirect-fired) 75% Stationary type Coconut coir decorticator without transport mechanism
the grade

Biomass fuel (indirect-fired) 50% (e.g. Pneumatic tires).

25 m/s Peripheral speed of the blades

PAES 249: 2010 Agricultural Machinery – Fruit Dryer – Methods of

PAES 251:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Coconut Coir Decorticator coffee cherry to the machine, expressed in percentage Pulping efficiency Ratio of total weight of parchment coffee collected at all

– Methods of Test Separation loss Ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that outlets to the total coffee cherry input to the machine,

Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface comes out to the pulp outlet to the total input weight of expressed in percentage

and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of coffee cherry to the pulper, expressed in percentage Pulping recovery Ratio between the total weight of parchment coffee

the decorticator Unpulped loss Ratio of the total weight of unpulped coffee cherry to the collected at the main outlet to the total weight of input

Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles total input weight of coffee cherry to the pulper, coffee cherry to the machine, expressed in percentage

to the median plane of the decorticator and touching its expressed in percentage Unpulped loss Ratio of the total weight of unpulped coffee cherry to the

front and rear extremities Scattering loss Ratio of the total weight of the parchment coffee that fell total input weight of coffee cherry to the pulper,

Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the around the base of coffee pulper to the total coffee cherry expressed in percentage

median plane of the machine, each plane touching the input to the machine, expressed in percentage Purity Ratio of the total weight of parchment coffee free of

outermost point of the decorticator on its respective side Mechanically damaged Ratio of the total weight of damaged parchment coffee to foreign matters to the total weight of sample expressed in

Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various parchment coffee the total weight of sample, expressed in percentage percentage

adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the Disc pulper Pulper that uses rubbing action of disc bulbs and chop PAES 254:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Abaca Stripper –

operation is stable rails to remove the pulp from parchment coffee. Specifications

Undecorticated Portion of the coconut husk that is partially crushed and Drum pulper Pulper that uses a rotating cylinder with flutes inside a Abaca fiber Long and slender natural filament of abaca plant

totally crushed fixed pressed plate with pulping channels and ribs
Abaca stalk Part of abaca plant which consist of several layers of leaf
PAES 252:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Coffee Pulper – Fluted Cylinder Pulper that uses rotating cylinder with flutes or threads. sheath
Specifications
Slotted plate pulper Pulper machine that uses a fixed slotted metal screen and Abaca stripper Mechanical device used for extracting primary fibers by
Coffee pulper Machine to remove and separate the soft pulp of ripe
a rotating cylinder that serves as the pulping chamber. scraping action from blade and stripping block
coffee cherry without making any damage to the
Dry feeding Coffee cherry are fed into the hopper of the coffee pulper Bacnis method Method that uses bolo to partially cut (leaving the upper
parchment coffee
without using water layer 1 mm to 2 mm thick uncut) crosswise the middle of
Coffee cherry Ripened fruits of coffee shrubs
Wet feeding Coffee cherry are fed into the hopper of the coffee pulper the inner portion of the leaf sheath to be able to extract

Flute Thread like component of rotating cylinder of the pulping using water the tuxies

chamber 120 rpm Maximum speed for the shaft of the mechanized coffee Fiber quality Refers to the physical properties such as tensile strength,

Flute inclination Angle of inclination of the rubber coated flutes pulper length, color and texture (fineness and coarseness) of

fibers extracted
Input capacity Weight of coffee cherry fed into the pulper per unit of 60 rpm Maximum speed for the shaft of the manual coffee pulper
Locnit method Method that uses tuxying knife to thrust one side of the
time, expressed in kilogram per hour PAES 253:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Coffee Pulper – Methods of
leaf sheath and make a cut between the upper and the
Output capacity Weight of parchment coffee collected at coffee outlet per Test
inner portions of the material to be able to extract the
unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour Mechanically damaged Ratio of the total weight of damaged parchment coffee to
tuxies
Pulping Process of removing and separating the skin and pulp of parchment coffee the total weight of sample, expressed in percentage
Output capacity Weight of the output fiber extracted from the abaca
coffee cherry Input capacity Weight of coffee cherry fed into the pulper per unit of
stripper per unit time, kg/h
Mucilage Slimy layer found between the pulp and adhering to the time, expressed in kilogram per hour
Parenchymatous material Soft tissue or non-fibrous material attached to the fiber
parchment Output capacity Weight of parchment coffee collected at coffee outlet per

Parchment Endocarp of the coffee cherry, lies between the fleshy Potential fiber content Summation of the dry weight (moisture content of 14%)
unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour

part (or pulp) of the cherry and coffee bean of extracted fiber using manual or mechanical abaca
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface
stripper and unextracted fiber manually obtained
Parchment coffee Final output product when the coffee cherry has and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of

undergone pulping process Potential fiber recovery Ratio of fresh weight of fiber extracted and the total fresh
the pulper machine
weight of input abaca tuxies to the abaca stripper,
Main parchment coffee outlet Part of machine where parchment coffee are collected Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
expressed in percent
to the median plane of the pulper and touching its front
Pulp outlet Part of machine where pulps are collected
Stripping Extracting the fiber from abaca tuxies using abaca
and rear extremities
Pulp Red or green thin fleshy outer layer of the coffee cherry stripper
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
Stripping block Part of the abaca stripper that provides friction and where
Pulping efficiency Ratio of total weight of parchment coffee collected at all median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
raw materials are being locked in position during fiber
outlets to the total coffee cherry input to the machine, outermost point of the pulper on its respective side
extraction
expressed in percentage Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
Stripping efficiency Ratio of the total dry (moisture content of 14%) weight of
Pulping recovery Ratio between the total weight of parchment coffee adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the
the fiber extracted to the potential fiber content of abaca
collected at the main outlet to the total weight of input operation is stable
 tuxies, expressed in percent and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of harvested corn ear to the collecting bin

Stripping knife Metal plate, non-serrated or serrated, that provides the stripping machine Field efficiency Ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field

stripping action Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles capacity, expressed in percent

Tuxy The outer layer of abaca leaf sheath which contains the to the median plane of the abaca stripper and touching Picking efficiency Measures the ability of the corn picker to harvest the corn

primary fiber its front and rear extremities ear from the corn stalk through snapping and stripping

Tuxying Separating the outer layer from inner layer of leaf sheath Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the action

which is at most 1.8 mm of abaca leaf sheath either by median plane of the machine, each plane touching the Potential yield Maximum yield per unit area

locnit method (using tuxying knife) or bacnis method outermost point of the stripper on its respective side
Theoretical field capacity Computed rate of harvested corn in a given area per unit
(using bolo) Potential fiber content Summation of the weight of extracted fiber using manual
time
Improved manual stripping Type of abaca stripper that uses serrated blade and or mechanical abaca stripper and unextracted fiber
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface
device “Hagotan” stripping block to be able to extract abaca fiber manually obtained
and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of
Spindle type mechanical Operating by rotating the flywheel and spindle using a Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
the corn picker
stripping prime mover. adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
Mobile Abaca stripper with pneumatic tires operation is stable.
to the median plane of the corn picker and touching its
Potential fiber recovery Ratio of fresh weight of fiber extracted and the total fresh
Stationary Abaca stripper without transport mechanism (e.g. front and rear extremities
weight of input abaca tuxies to the abaca stripper,
Pneumatic tires) Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
expressed in percent
10.2 m/s to 20.4 m/s Flywheel with sufficient weight of the spindle type shall median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
PAES 256:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Corn Picker –
be made of cast iron. Its linear speed should range outermost point of the corn picker on its respective side
Specifications
High carbon steel Coil spring shall be made Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
Corn (Zea mays) Cereal grass belonging to the Poaceae family
adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the
96 db The noise emitted by the abaca stripper shall not be more
Corn ear Fruit of the corn plant with husk operation is stable
than
25% to 32% The range of moisture content of corn kernel shall be
12% For manually operated stripping machine or “Hagotan”, Single-row side-mounted corn Machine attached to the side of tractor designed for

minimum potential fiber recovery shall be _____ of the picker picking corn 115 days to 120 days The maturity period of the corn plants shall be between

weight of fresh tuxy Snapping rolls Part of the corn picker that pulls the corn stalk downward
PAES 258:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Feed Mixer –
10.5% For spindle type stripping machine, minimum potential thereby, stripping the corn ear during operation
Specifications
fiber recovery shall be ___ of the weight of fresh tuxy. Stalk guide rod Direct the stalks of the corn plant to the snapping rolls
Feeds Meal type, pellets or crumble type of food that are mixed
80%, 20% Stripping efficiency of the mechanized stripping machine Stripper plate Part of the corn picker that prevents the corn stalk from from various raw materials and additive
shall be at least ____. Maximum stripping loss shall be bending and separate the corn ear from the stalk Feed mixer Machine used to mix uniformly the feed ingredients
____.
Field efficiency (%), minimum
Coefficient of variation Statistical representation of the precision of distribution
PAES 255:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Abaca Stripper – Methods
(Performance criteria for corn
of feed ingredients
of Test
picker)
Mixing rate Weight of the feed ingredients fed to the machine per
Stripping efficiency Ratio of the total dry weight (moisture content of 14%) of
unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour
the fiber extracted to the potential fiber content of abaca
65
Horizontal feed mixer Type of mixer that have horizontal feed mixing device(s).
tuxies, expressed in percent
99.5 Picking efficiency (%), minimum
This mixer moves the feed ingredients from one end to
Extraction loss Difference between the potential fiber content of abaca
99.0 Conveyance efficiency (%), minimum the other.
tuxies and dry weight (moisture content of 14%) of the
Auger mixer Feed mixer that uses augers to mix the feed ingredients.
actual fiber extracted using abaca stripper, expressed in 98.5 Total machine efficiency (%), minimum
percent One and two augers Feed mixer that moves the feed ingredients towards the
92* Noise level, db(A), maximum
Fiber quality Refers to the physical properties such as tensile strength, middle, to the top, towards the sides and back down to

length, color and texture (fineness and coarseness) of PAES 257:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Corn Picker – Methods of the auger.

fibers extracted Test

Three and four augers Feed mixer that moves the feed ingredients towards the

Grade Indicator of the quality or the characteristics of the Actual field capacity Actual rate of being able to harvest corn in a given area side and from bottom to top of the mixer.

physical property of a fiber per unit of time

Ribbon mixer Feed mixer that uses helical ribbons to mix the feed

Output capacity Fresh weight of the output fiber extracted from the abaca Single-row side-mounted corn Machine attached to the side of tractor designed for ingredients.

stripper per unit time, kg/h picker picking corn

Paddles Feed mixer that uses paddles (arranged radially around

Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface Conveyance efficiency Measures the ability of the corn picker to deliver the the shaft) to mix the feed ingredients
Reel and augers Feed mixer that uses a reel (lifts and tumbles the feed Green coffee bean (GCB) Commercial term designating the dried seed of the coffee and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of

ingredients) and a set of augers (mix the feed ingredients plant, disengaged from their external envelopes the grinder machine

and move the feed to the discharge area). Grinding Mechanical operation intended to produce fragmentation Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles

Tumble mixer Feed mixer that have spirals and/or pans on the interior of RCB, resulting in ground coffee to the median plane of the grinder and touching its front

surface of the drum and a central auger to lift, tumble Grinding capacity Quantity of input materials that the coffee grinder can and rear extremities

and mix the feed ingredients. process to ground coffee per unit of total operating time, Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the

Chain, paddle and auger Feed mixer that uses a tub or a box containing a chain, expressed in kilogram per hour median plane of the machine, each plane touching the

paddles or slat conveyor and auger to tumble and mix the Grinding recovery Ratio between the total weight of ground coffee collected outermost point of the grinder on its respective side

feed ingredients at the outlet to the total weight of input RCB to the Prime mover Used to run the coffee grinder

Vertical feed mixer Type of feed mixer that have vertical feed mixing device. machine, expressed in percent
Reduction ratio Ratio of the average size of input to the average size of
This type of feed mixer takes the ingredients to the top of Ground coffee Final output product when the RCB has undergone
the end-product
mixing device where it falls and repeat this procedure grinding process
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
until the feed ingredients are well mixed. Ground coffee outlet Part of machine where ground coffee is discharged
adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the
Trailer type Feed mixer that is commonly hitched to transport vehicle
Input capacity Weight of RCB fed into the grinder per unit of time, operation is stable
to facilitate mobility
expressed in kilogram per hour PNS/BAFS PAES 190:2018 Agricultural machinery- cacao grinder –
Cart type Low capacity mixer that can be manually moved.
Output capacity Weight of ground coffee bean collected at the outlet per specification

75 m/min to 100 m/min For ribbon feed mixer, linear speed shall range from unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour Cacao nibs Refers to the dried, roasted and shelled cacao beans

100 m/min to 120 m/min For paddle feed mixer, linear speed shall range from Roasted coffee bean (RCB) Palatable coffee beans derived by subjecting GCB to dry
Cacao liquir Product obtained from grinding the cacao nibs
heat, whether from an open flame, oven, or other heating
Cacao paste
100 to 200 rpm For vertical feed mixer, the screw shall have rotating
source, to a desired physico – chemical changes such as
speed ranging from Discharge outlet Part of machine where cacao liquor is discharged
brewing, caramelization, flavor development and
96 db Noise emitted by the feed mixer shall not be more than Grinding mechanism Refers to flat burr, conical burr, hammer type, screw type
moisture reduction
or blade type grinder that converts cacao nibs into cacao
PAES 259:2011 Agricultural Machinery – Feed Mixer – Methods of Flat burr grinder This type of grinder uses a pair of flat disks with a series
liquor
Test of grooves on the disk face. One disk rotates while the

other disk remains stationary. RCB are ground mainly by Grinding recovery Ratio between the total weight of cacao liquor collected
Mixing rate Weight of feed ingredients fed into the feed mixer per

shearing action. at the discharge outlet to the total weight of cacao nibs
unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour
loaded in the hopper of the machine, expressed in
Coefficient of variation of salt Statistical representation of the precision of distribution Hammer-type grinder Hammer-type grinder crushes RCB by impact. It has a
percent.
content of feed ingredients number of hammer bars (fixed or swinging) mounted

radially on a shaft rotating along the horizontal axis. Hopper Part of the cacao grinder where cacao nibs are loaded.
Mean Mathematical average of the samples taken from the feed

mixed Conical burr grinder This type of grinder has a conical shaped grinding surface Input capacity Weight of cacao nibs fed into the grinder per unit of time,

Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface capable of grinding RCB at a slower and quieter rate than expressed in kilogram per hour

and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of flat burr grinder. This are usually found on low speed and Output capacity Weight of cacao liquor collected at the outlet per unit

the feed mixer. gear reduction grinders. time, expressed in kilogram per hour

Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles Blade grinder Blade grinders use a metal blade that whirls to chop up Flat burr grinder Type of grinder that uses a pair of flat disks with a series

to the median plane of the feed mixer and touching its the RCB. of grooves on the disk face. One disk rotates while the

front and rear extremities. Vertical The shaft axis of grinding unit is vertical. other disk remains stationary. Nibs are ground into liquor

Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the mainly by shearing action.
Horizontal The shaft axis of grinding unit is horizontal.
median plane of the machine, each plane touching the Hammer – type grinder Hammer-type grinder crushes cacao nibs by impact. It
PNS/BAFS PAES 189:2018 Agricultural machinery - Coffee grinder - Methods
outermost point of the feed mixer on its respective side. has a number of hammer bars (fixed or swinging)
of test
Standard deviation Statistical measurement of dispersion or variation in mounted radially on a shaft rotating along the horizontal
Fineness modulus Classification system that indicates the uniformity of
distribution of feed ingredients. axis.
grind in the resultant product and is defined as the sum
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various Conical burr grinder Has conical shaped grinding surface capable of grinding
of the weight retained above each sieve divided by 100
adjustments prior to the conduct of the test cacao nibs at a slower and quieter rate than flat burr.
Foreign matter impurity All matters other than RCB
PNS/BAFS PAES 188:2018 Agricultural machinery - Coffee grinder – Blade grinder Type of grinder that uses a metal blade that whirls to

Specification Laboratory sieve shake Equipment with definite shaking motion used to sort size chop up the cacao nib.

Coffee grinder Machine that grinds the roasted coffee bean (RCB) into a of the ground materials using standard screen sieves Screw-type or auger-type Consist feeding auger and stationary perforated discs or

desired fineness Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface grinder the grinding plate.
PNS/BAFS PAES 191:2018 Agricultural machinery - Cacao grinder - Methods cherry, expressed in percent (%) Air quench Rapid airflow is used to stop the roast and cool the coffee

of test Husk Assembled external envelopes (pericarp) of the dried upon completion of roasting

Fineness modulus Reading obtained on a grindometer under specified Dried cherry pulp coffee fruit Air roaster Roaster that utilizes forced hot air to simultaneously

conditions of test, indicating the depth of the groove(s) of Input capacity Weight of dried parchment coffee or dried coffee cherry agitate and roast green coffee beans (GCB) through

the gauge at which discrete solid particles in the product fed into the huller per unit input time, expressed in convection

are readily discernible kilogram per hour (kg/h) Chaff Waste product of coffee roasting

Grindometer Used to determine the fineness of grind and particle size Input GCB Theoretical amount of GCB in the input dried parchment Silver skin

of cacao liquor coffee or coffee cherry, expressed in kilogram (kg) Coffee roaster Machine used to roast GCB

Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface Mechanically damaged GCB Broken bean and/or scratched as a result of hulling
Coffee trier trier, tryer Metal scoop used to sample small portion of GCB for
and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of operation
examination during roasting
the cacao grinder Output capacity Weight of the cleaned GCB collected at the GCB outlet
Degree of roast Color-based roast classification
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles per unit output time, expressed in kilogram per hour

to the median plane of the grinder and touching its front Light roast Light brown in color, no oil on the surface of the roasted
(kg/h)

and rear extremities coffee bean (RCB) with internal temperature of 180 °C –
Parchment coffee Coffee beans wrapped in the endocarp (parchment)
205 °C
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
Purity Amount of GCB free from foreign matter to the total
median plane of the machine, each plane touching the Medium roast city roast Medium brown in color, no oil on the surface of the RCB
weight of uncleaned GCB, expressed in percent (%)
outermost point of the grinder on its respective side with internal temperature of 210 °C to 220 °C
Unhulled coffee bean GCB which fully or partially retains its hull/husk after
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various Medium-dark roast With richer, darker color having some oil beginning to
passing through the hulling mechanism
adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the Full-city roast show on the surface of the RCB. The beans are roasted to
Rubber Roll Huller Rubber roll huller shall be used for wet processed coffee the beginning or in the middle of the second crack –
operation is stable
beans around 225 °C or 230 °C
PNS/BAFS/PAES 212:2017 Agricultural Machinery – Coffee Huller –
Performance Criteria for Coffee Huller Dark roast French roast Dark brown in color with RCB covered in oil; The beans
Specifications
CRITERIA PERFORMANCE DATA are roasted with internal temperature of 240 °C up to 250
Blower loss Ratio of the weight of the green coffee bean (GCB) blown
Hulling Recovery, percent (%), minimum °C, at about the end of second crack
by the huller fan, including the weight of the GCB in the
Dried parchment coffee: 80
blown unhulled coffee beans, to the input GCB, expressed Drum roaster Roaster where the beans are agitated inside a metal
Dried coffee cherry: 40
in percent (%) drum; heat is provided by a flow of hot air through the
Hulling Efficiency, percent (%), minimum - 95
drum and/or by the hot metal of the drum
Coffee cherry Fresh, complete fruit of the coffee tree
Purity, percent (%), minimum - 97
First crack Stage of coffee roasting where complex chemical
Coffee huller Machine which removes the hull or husk from dried Mechanically damaged bean, percent (%), maximum - 10
reactions occur as the GCB reach 160 °C that causes an
parchment coffee or dried coffee cherry to obtain GCB PNS/BAFS/PAES 213:2017 Agricultural Machinery – Coffee Huller – Methods of
audible cracking sound
GCB outlet Part of machine where GCB is discharged Test
Fresh roast recently Roasted GCB, characterized by pleasing aroma
Hulled coffee outlet Foreign matter impurity All matters other than green coffee bean (GCB)
Heat source Supplies heat to the roasting chamber
Green coffee bean (GCB) Commercial term designating the dried seed of the coffee
Moisture content (wet basis) Amount of moisture in the coffee beans expressed as
plant, disengaged from their external envelopes Roasting Process used to produce chemical and physical changes
percent of the total weight of the sample
Hull dried parchment Dried endocarp of the parchment coffee in the structure and composition of GCB by heat
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface
treatment; it results to the darkening of GCB and
Hulling dehusking Primary processing step to separate the dried pericarp (in and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of
development of the characteristic flavor and aroma
dry method) or the dried parchment and silver skin (in the huller
Roasting capacity Total amount of roasted coffee beans over the total time
wet method) from the green coffee beans. Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
the machine is in operation, expressed in kilogram per
Hulling capacity The ratio of the weight of dried parchment coffee or dried to the median plane of the huller and touching its front
hour (kg/h)
coffee cherry fed into the huller to the total operating and rear extremities
Roasting recovery Ratio between the total weight of RCB collected at the
time, expressed in kilogram per hour (kg/h) Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
outlet and the total weight of input GCB to the machine,
Hulling efficiency Ratio of the total weight of the cleaned GCB collected at median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
expressed in percent (%)
all outlets to the input GCB, expressed in percent (%) outermost point of the huller on its respective side
Roasting temperature Temperature in roasting chamber during roasting
NOTE Cleaned GCB refers to the recovered GCB less Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate

unhulled coffee bean in kilograms (kg) distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine Roasted coffee bean (RCB) Palatable coffee beans derived by subjecting GCB to dry

Hulling recovery Ratio of the weight of GCB collected in the GCB outlet to PNS/BAFS/PAES 214:2017 Agricultural Machinery – Coffee Roaster – heat, whether from an open flame, oven, or other heating

the weight of input dried parchment coffee or dried coffee Specifications source, to achieve desired physico – chemical changes
 such as brewing, caramelization, flavor development and Specific energy consumption Ratio of the electric, diesel, or liquefied petroleum gas Reel Revolving slats or arms with tines arranged parallel to the

moisture reduction (LPG) consumption and the amount of coffee beans cutter bar to gather the corn stalk to the cutter bar

Second crack Stage of roasting where GCB are dehydrated and processed, expressed in kilowatt-hour per kilogram or Shelling cylinder shelling drum Part of the shelling unit that rotates about an axis and it

becomes brittle resulting to cracking and carbonization; kilojoule per kilogram is equipped with shelling elements such as pegs or rasp

produces burnt characteristics of dark roast Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate bars on its periphery

Water quench Water is used rapidly to cool RCB to prevent over roasting distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine Shelling unit shelling chamber Part of the sheller where the kernels are detached and

and loss of aroma PNS/BAFS PAES 241:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Corn Combine Harvester – separated from the corn cobs

Conduction Transfer of heat to the GCB occurs through the surface of Specifications Total kernel input Summation of cleaned kernels and losses expressed in

a hot metal drum or container. Conduction is a one of the Canopy Protective roof covering mounted on the corn combine kilograms, kg

heating methods employed by drum roasters. harvester frame Unshelled kernels Kernels that remain in the cob after shelling

Convection Transfer of heat to the GCB occurs through heated air. Cleaning fan blower/aspirator Rotary device which induces a flow of air across the
Unshelled loss Ratio of the weight of unshelled kernels to the weight of
Convection is the heating method employed by air shaker shoe to blow away or aspirate the materials or
the total kernel input of the sheller, expressed in percent
roasters. impurities lighter than kernels
Wheel type Corn Combine harvester with pneumatic wheels.
Horizontal drum roaster GCB are axially mixed along the horizontal by spiral Concave Semi- cylindrical, stationary element partially or fully

flights surrounding the shelling cylinder or shelling rotor, fitted Track type (Crawler type) Corn Combine harvester fitted with full tracks.

Vertical drum roaster Movement of the GCB inside the chamber is facilitated by primarily for shelling Half-Track type Corn Combine harvester fitted with both half-track and

paddles or auger. Corn combine harvester Machine which performs a combination of harvesting pneumatic wheels at the rear for steering.

Rotating bowl GCB are fed into the center of the rotating horizontal bowl (cutting, picking, or snapping corn ear) and dehusking; 0.40% - 0.45% Shelling elements shall be made of alloy steel, or heat-

with a vertical shaft and are carried to the sides of the shelling; separating; cleaning; and conveying kernels into (AISI 1040 to AISI 1045) treated carbon steel with carbon content of

bowl by centrifugal force supported by high-temperature a holding bin and discharging harvest residue onto the
Feeding unit Composed of feeder or conveyor and front beater or corn
air. ground
ear elevator.

Batch roaster Definite amount of GCB are roasted at a time. Batch Corn ear Pistillate inflorescence of the plant Zea mays L., enclosed
Shelling unit Composed of shelling drum, concaves, open grates, and
roasters have a specified start and stop time for each with a leaf-like protective covering known as husk
beaters or stripper drum.
roast. Bean temperatures change with time. Likewise, the Crop elevator Part of the corn combine harvester used to convey and
Separating unit Provided with deflectors, rotary beaters or retarders to
roasting time per batch varies depending on the degree feed the corn ear to the shelling cylinder
regulate the movement of the cob and to deflect flying
of roast and the amount of GCB Cracked kernels Kernels which show any signs of fissures, fractures and/or kernels.
Continuous roaster GCB are roasted continuously instead of batches. Bean splinters
Cleaning unit Shall be mechanical and should consist of kernel pan,
temperature changes with axial position. Head Part of the corn combine harvester comprising the chaffer with adjustable openings, tailings auger, sieves
Performance Criteria for Coffee Roaster Header mechanism for gathering, and cutting, picking or stripping with adjustable position and inclination, and blower.
Criteria Performance Data Feed table the corn ear Cleaning fan speed should be adjustable.
Roasting Recovery, percent, minimum: 80 Harvesting loss Corn ears that remain unharvested during the combine Cob/Stalk handling unit Composed of any of the following: stalk spreader; chaffs
Broken Beans, percent, maximum: 1 harvesting operation spreader; and plain cob ejector or beater.
PNS/BAFS/PAES 215:2017 Agricultural Machinery – Coffee Roaster – Methods Holding bin Used to hold the kernels during operation prior to manual Kernel handling unit Composed of auger, kernel conveyor and collector or
of Test Kernel tank kernel hopper (bagging) or bulk unloading tank. The tank shall be designed to minimize the bridging
Non uniformly roasted beans Coffee beans which show a lighter or darker color Impurities All foreign matters other than kernels such as leaves, of kernels. Steps and handrails outside the collector tank
compared to the whole batch weeds, stones, etc. shall be provided.

Moisture content (wet basis) Amount of moisture in the coffee beans expressed as Kernel Physiologically matured seed developed from the ovary of Traction Made of either wheels, tracks or combination.
percent of the total weight of the sample the corn ear
Performance criteria for corn combine harvester
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface Kernel elevator Part of the corn combine harvester used to carry the
Criteria Performance Data
and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of kernels to the kernel tank or kernel hopper
Harvesting loss (%), maximum: 3.0
the roasting machine Mechanically damaged kernels Output kernels that were broken and/or scratched due to
Separation Loss (%), maximum: 1.5
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles the corn combine harvesting
Unshelled loss (%), maximum: 0.5
to the median plane of the roaster and touching its front Net cracked kernel Difference between the percent cracked sample taken
Purity (%), minimum: 97
and rear extremities before and after the corn combine harvesting
Mechanically Damaged Kernel (%), maximum: 3.0
Profile Monitoring of the temperature of the coffee during the Purity Ratio of the weight of clean corn kernels, to the total Net cracked kernels (%), maximum: 5.0
roasting process; usually in the form of a graph of weight of unclean corn kernels sample, expressed in Total Grain Loss (%), maximum: 2.0
temperature against time percent
PNS/BAFS PAES 242:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Corn Combine Harvester –
 Methods of Test Digging blade Part of the cassava digger which penetrates and loosens Tilt angle Angle made by the digging blade with the vertical line

Actual field capacity Ratio of the actual area covered per unit of time the soil
Width of cut Transverse distance between the working edges of the
Digging efficiency Ratio of the dug and undug cassava, in terms of mass
Corn combine harvester Machine which performs a combination of harvesting digger

(cutting, picking, or snapping corn ear) and dehusking; Dug cassava Cassava tuber manually picked after the mechanical Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate

shelling; separating; cleaning; and conveying kernels into digging distributor, dealer, or end user of the machine

a holding bin and discharging harvest residue onto the Field efficiency Ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field Soil Type Grain Size Mm Remarks

ground capacity, expressed in percent Sand 2.0 – 0.05 - Passed through the 2 mm sieve but

Corn ear Pistillate inflorescence of the plant Zea mays L., enclosed Four-wheel tractor Self-propelled, wheeled vehicle having two axles Retained by the 0.05 mm sieve

with a leaf-like protective covering known as husk designed to either carry, pull or propel agricultural Silt 0.05 – 0.002 - Passed through the 0.05 mm sieve but

Cracked kernels Kernels which show any signs of fissures, fractures and/or implements and machines Retained by the 0.002 mm sieve

splinters Frame Structure on which the standard is fitted Clay < 0.002 - Passed through the 0.002 mm sieve

Field efficiency Ratio of the actual field capacity and theoretical field PNS/BAFS PAES 245:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Cassava Granulator –
Standard Structural member which connects the frame to the
capacity, expressed in percent Specifications
digging assembly
Harvesting recovery Ratio of the total cleaned shelled kernel output to the Cassava chips Chopped cassava tubers
Soil breaker Part of the cassava digger that breaks the clods
potential yield, expressed in percent
Cassava granulator Machine that reduces the size of the cassava tubers into
Soil guide Part of the cassava digger which turns the soil to one
Kernel Physiologically matured seed developed from the ovary of cassava granules or granulated cassava
direction only
the corn ear
Cassava granules Dried cassava with 8 to 10 mm dimension
Three point hitch Part of the frame designed to connect the implement to a
Potential yield Estimated yield per unit area, expressed in tons/ha
tractor Cassava tubers cassava roots Underground part of plant which has brown fibrous skin
Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate and starchy flesh
Undug cassava Cassava tuber that remained on ground after the
distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine
mechanical digging and manual picking Granulated cassava Output fresh cassava with 10 to 12 mm dimension
Theoretical field capacity Computed rate of harvesting in a given area per unit of obtained by granulating fresh cassava tubers
Performance Criteria for Cassava Digger
time
CRITERIA PERFORMANCE DATA Granulating mechanism A rotating assembly where cassava tubers are being size
Total kernel input Summation of cleaned kernels, separation loss, and reduced
Digging efficiency, %, minimum: 98
unshelled loss expressed in kilograms, kg
Depth of cut, mm, minimum: 250 Granulating recovery Ratio between the total weight of cassava granules or
Unpicked loss Corn ears that have remained unharvested during the Field Efficiency, %: 65 granulated cassava collected at the product outlet to the
combine harvesting operation total weight of dried cassava chips or cassava tubers
PNS/BAFS PAES 244:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Cassava Digger – Methods
Unshelled kernels Kernels that remain in the cob after shelling of Test loaded in the hopper of the machine, expressed in

Actual field capacity Actual rate of harvesting in a given area per unit time percent
Unshelled loss Ratio of the weight of unshelled kernels, to the total

weight of the total corn kernel input of the sheller, Hopper Part of the machine where dried cassava chips or cassava
Draft Total force parallel to the direction of travel required to
expressed in percent tubers are loaded
move the implement
PNS/BAFS PAES 243:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Cassava Digger – Input capacity Weight of dried cassava chips or cassava tubers fed into
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting surface and
Specifications the granulator per unit time, expressed in kilogram per
the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of the
hour
Cassava digger Harvesting implement hitched to the tractor which cassava digger
loosens the soil to expose the tubers prior to manual Product outlet Part of machine where cassava granules or granulated
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
pulling cassava are being discharged
to the median plane of the cassava digger and touching
Cassava harvesting Process of loosening the soil, exposing and pulling the 95 db There shall be ear muffs or other ear protective device
its front and rear extremities
tubers out of the ground provided for the operators to use when _____ is exceeded
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
during operation.
Cassava tubers cassava roots Underground part of plant which has brown fibrous skin median plane of the cassava digger; each plane touching
and starchy flesh PNS/BAFS PAES 246:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Cassava Granulator –
the outermost point of the cassava digger on its
Methods of Test
Coulter Revolving disc or flat knife mounted in front of the respective side

digging blade which cuts the soil vertically Hopper Part of the machine where dried cassava chips or cassava
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
tubers are loaded
Depth of cut Vertical height from the soil surface to the lowest point of adjustments prior to the conduct of test until the

the digging blade Output capacity Weight of cassava granules or granulated cassava
operation is stable
collected at the product outlet per unit time, expressed in
Digger base plate A solid piece of material that has enough strength and Theoretical field capacity Function of speed and operating width expressed in
kilogram per hour
sturdiness to serve as a base or support for the digging hectares per hour

blade Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface
 and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of Attrition-type It consists of two roughed plates, one stationary and the and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of

the cassava granulator other rotating. The size of the dried agricultural the multicrop pulverizer

Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles commodity is reduced by crushing and shearing Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles

to the median plane of the granulator and touching its Roller-type It consists of rollers, with or without serrated surfaces. It to the median plane of the multicrop pulverizer and

front and rear extremities reduces the size of the dried agricultural commodity by touching its front and rear extremities

Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the pressing or squeezing. Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the

median plane of the machine, each plane touching the Conical-type It consists of conical shaped pulverizing surface capable median plane of the machine, each plane touching the

outermost point of the granulator on its respective side of pulverizing dried agricultural commodities. This type is outermost point of the grater on its respective side

Prime mover Source of power for the cassava granulator usually found on low speed and gear reduction Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make final

pulverizers. (conical-type, blade-type, and cross beater- adjustments prior to the conduct of test
Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
type, the rotating beater shall be made of non-corrosive Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate
adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the
and food grade materials.) distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine
operation is stable
Blade-type It consists of metal blades wherein size reduction of the PNS/BAFS PAES 250:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Grater –
Specific energy consumption Ratio of the electric, diesel, or liquefied petroleum gas
dried agricultural commodity is achieved by the shearing Methods of Test
(LPG) consumption and the amount of input, expressed in
actions.
kilowatt hour per kilogram or kilojoule per kilogram Fresh crop Includes the edible parts of all crops prepared for grating
Pin Mill-type It consists of two plates with rod protrusion (pins), one
Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate Grating efficiency Ratio between the amount of acceptable grated products
stationary and the other rotating. The size of the dried
distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine and fresh crop input, expressed in percentage
agricultural commodity is reduced by crushing and
PNS/BAFS PAES 247:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Pulverizer – Grating loss Total weight of the grated products collected at the
shearing
Specifications different parts of the multicrop grater other than the
Cross Beater-type It consists of a rotating wide beater mounted radially on
Cyclone collector Vortex pre-cleaner used to roughly remove flying flour product outlet, including the partially grated products
the shaft, toothed pulverizing insert, baffled plate and a
dust Grating recovery Ratio between the total weight of grated products
heavy duty perforated replaceable screen/sieve. Size
Dried agricultural commodities Includes the edible parts of crops with moisture content collected at the products outlet excluding the partially
reduction of the dried agricultural commodity is done by
of 12-15% and is prepared for pulverizing grated products to the total weight of fresh crop loaded in
impact and shear
Flour Finely pulverized products from grains or other starchy the hopper of the machine, expressed in percent
95% Minimum pulverizing recovery
plant foods Multicrop grater Machine that reduces the size of the fresh crop into
PNS/BAFS PAES 248:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Pulverizer –
Hopper Part of the machine where the dried agricultural grated products
Methods of Test
commodities are loaded Hopper Part of the machine where fresh crops are loaded
Dried agricultural commodities Includes the edible parts of crops with moisture content
Input capacity Weight of input dried agricultural commodity per input
Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface
of 12-15% and is prepared for pulverizing
time into the hopper, expressed in kilogram per hour
and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of
Fineness Indicates the uniformity of size of the pulverized product
Multicrop pulverizer Machine that grinds/pulverizes dried agricultural the multicrop grater
commodities into pulverized products Input capacity Weight of input dried agricultural commodity per input
Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles
Pulverizing capacity Total weight of pulverized products over the total time into the hopper, expressed in kilogram per hour
to the median plane of the grater and touching its front
operating time, expressed in kilogram per hour Labor requirement Number of man-day needed in the operation of the and rear extremities

Pulverizing chamber Part of the machine where pulverizing takes place multicrop pulverizer
Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the
Pulverizing capacity Total weight of pulverized product over the total median plane of the machine, each plane touching the
Pulverizing efficiency Ratio between the amount of acceptable pulverized
operating time, expressed in kilogram per hour outermost point of the grater on its respective side
products and the total pulverizing recovery, expressed in
Pulverizing chamber Part of the machine where pulverizing takes place Running-in period Preliminary operation of the machine to make various
percentage

Pulverizing recovery Ratio between the pulverized products and the total Pulverizing efficiency Ratio between the amount of acceptable pulverized adjustments prior to the conduct of the test until the

weight of dried agricultural commodity loaded in the products and the total pulverizing recovery, expressed in operation is stable

hopper, expressed in percent percentage Specific energy consumption Ratio of the electric consumption and the amount of input

Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to Pulverizing recovery Ratio between the pulverized products and the total fresh crop, expressed in kilowatt hour per kilogram or

drive the multicrop pulverizer weight of dried agricultural commodity loaded in the kilojoule per kilogram

Hammer-type It consists of rotating beaters (fixed or swinging) mounted hopper, expressed in percent PNS/BAFS PAES 251:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Corn Mill – Specifications

radially on the shaft and a heavy duty perforated screen. Prime mover Electric motor or internal combustion engine used to By-product Combination of fine corn grits, floured corn, germ,
Size reduction of the dried agricultural commodity is done drive the multicrop pulverizer pericarp or hull, and tip cap
by impact. Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface Corn grits no. 20 Grits with particle size from 0.708 mm to 0.841 mm which
 passed through US Sieve No. 20 but are retained in US Milling capacity Quantity of corn kernels that the corn mill can process to Overall length Distance between the vertical planes at the right angles

Sieve No. 25 produce corn grits of desired size per unit of time, to the median plane of the corn mill and touching its front

Corn grits no. 24 Grits with particle size of 0.707 mm and smaller which expressed in kilograms per hour (kg/h) and rear extremities

passed through US Sieve No. 25 Sifter Oscillating or rotating screen, wire mesh, or perforated Overall width Distance between the vertical planes parallel to the

Floured corn fines Fine powder by-product of corn milling process metal sheet, permitting smaller particles to fall through median plane of the machine, each plane touching the

the openings outermost point of the corn mill on its respective side
Germ Embryo of the kernel removed during the degermination
Steel huller It consists of a fluted steel shaft operating inside a Precleaner Auxiliary device of the corn mill that removes foreign
process
perforated steel screen, which also carries a projecting matter
Pericarp Outer covering of the corn kernel removed during the
strip of steel whose distance from the shaft can be varied. Prime mover Electric motor or fuel engine used to run the corn mill
Hull milling process
Rotary blade/Hammer mill-type It consists of metal blades that turn to cut degermed corn
Tip cap Attachment of the kernel to the cob; the entryway of Purity Ratio of the weight of clean corn kernels, to the total
kernels into smaller sizes.
nutrients, water, etc. To the kernel weight of unclean corn kernels, expressed in percent (%)
Steel roller Corn kernels are ground using two rollers made of steel
Bran Combination of germ, tip cap, pericarp, or fine corn grits Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate
that rotate in different directions.
distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine
By-product recovery Ratio of the total weight of by-products to the total weight Attrition-type It uses a pair of flat disks with series of grooves on the
PNS/BAFS PAES 253:2018 Agricultural Machinery– Cacao Huller–
of corn kernel input, expressed in percent (%) disk face. One disk rotates while the other disk remains
Specifications
Corn kernel Whole grain of shelled corn stationary.
Blower loss Ratio of the weight of unhulled dry cacao or roasted
Corn grits Milled corn grains where the outer covering (pericarp), Oscillating Corn grits are sorted into different sizes by passing
cacao beans and cacao nibs blown by the huller fan to the
germ (embryo), and tip cap have been removed leaving through sieves of different mesh sizes that move back
total weight of the input cacao nibs, expressed in
only the endosperm that passed through different sieve and forth.
percentage
sizes Rotary Corn grits are sorted into different sizes by passing
(%)

Corn mill Machine that removes the pericarp, crushes the kernel, through rotating sieves of different mesh sizes.
Cacao hull External covering or protective layer of the cacao bean
polishes the grits, and sorts the grits into different sizes 100 db Maximum allowable noise level
Cacao shell

Degermer Used to remove the germ, tip cap, and pericarp from the PNS/BAFS PAES 252:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Corn Mill – Methods of Cacao testa

corn kernel Test Cacao huller Machine that cracks or breaks the dry cacao or roasted

Degermer efficiency Ratio of the weight of degermed corn kernels to the initial Aspirator Cleaner that uses air to separate lower density material Cacao winnower cacao beans and removes the hull to produce cacao nibs

weight of the sample, expressed in percent (%) Blower from the corn kernels/corn grits such as floured corn, Cacao hull outlet Part of the machine where cacao hulls are discharged

Dry milling Process of separating germ, pericarp and tip cap from the germ, bran, and other foreign matters
Cacao nib outlet Part of machine where cacao nibs are discharged
endosperm and reducing it into grits without soaking the Bulk density Ratio of the weight (kg) of the corn kernels to its volume
corn kernels before milling Cacao nibs recovery index Ratio of the total weight of the cacao nibs collected at
(m3 )

Main product Refers to Corn Grit No. 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 cacao nib outlet to the input cacao nibs
Degermed corn kernels Shelled corn kernels where the germ, tip cap, and
Cacao nibs Cotyledon of the cacao seed obtained from cracking and
Corn grits no. 10 Grits with particle size from 1.69mm to 2.00mm which pericarp have been removed
winnowing of dry cacao or roasted cacao beans
passed through US Sieve No. 10 but are retained in US Foreign matter Any matter which is not corn kernels/corn grits or
Cracking Process of breaking the dry cacao or roasted cacao beans
Sieve No. 12 Impurity fragment of corn kernels/corn grits such as corn cobs.
manually or mechanically
Corn grits no. 12 Grits with particle size from 1.42mm to 1.68mm which Sand, gravel, dirt, pebbles, stones, lumps of earth, clay,

mud, weeds and other crop seeds Cracking mechanism Part of the rotary huller that breaks the dry cacao or
passed through US Sieve No. 12 but are retained in US
roasted cacao beans to detach the hull
Sieve No. 14 Input capacity Weight of shelled corn kernels loaded from the

hopper/intake pit per unit time, expressed in kilogram per Dry cacao Commercial term used to designate cacao beans which
Corn grits no. 14 Grits with particle size from 1.20mm to 1.41mm which
hour (kg/h) are evenly dried and has a moisture content between 6-8
passed through US Sieve No. 14 but are retained in US
%
Sieve No. 16 Laboratory sieve shaker Equipment with shaking motion used to sort the size of

the milled materials using standard screen sieves Hulling Cracking and winnowing of dry cacao or roasted cacao
Corn grits no. 16 Grits with particle size from 1.01mm to 1.19mm which
beans
passed through US Sieve No. 16 but are retained in US Moisture content (wet basis) Amount of moisture in the corn kernels expressed as

percent of the total weight of the sample Hulling efficiency Ratio of the weight of the cacao nibs collected at the
Sieve No. 18
cacao nib outlet/s to the weight of the unhulled beans
Corn grits no. 18 Grits with particle size from 0.842mm to 1.00mm which Output capacity Total weight of the main products collected per unit of
and cacao nibs collected at the cacao nib outlet,
passed through US Sieve No. 18 but are retained in US time, expressed in kilograms per hour (kg/h)
expressed in percentage (%)
Sieve No. 20 Overall height Distance between the horizontal supporting plane surface
Input cacao nibs Theoretical amount of cacao nibs in the input dry cacao
Main product recovery Ratio of the total weight of main products to the total and the horizontal plane touching the uppermost part of
or roasted cacao beans, expressed in kilogram (kg)
weight of corn kernel input, expressed in percent (%) the corn mill
Input capacity Weight of dry cacao or roasted cacao beans fed into the Heat source Supplies heat to the roasting chamber pressed to remove excess water

huller per unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour (kg/h) Chunked cassava Cassava primary product larger than chipped cassava,
Roasted cacao beans Product obtained from roasting dry cacao
Intake hopper Part of the machine where dry cacao or roasted cacao prepared by random chopping
Roasting Heat treatment that produces fundamental chemical and
beans are loaded Dried cassava primary products Cassava primary products that have undergone drying
physical changes in the structure and composition of
Output capacity Weight of cacao nibs collected at the cacao nib outlet per process
cacao beans and brings about darkening of the beans and
unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour (kg/h) Cassava grates Dried, grated cassava
the development of the characteristic chocolate flavour
Purity Amount of cacao nibs free from foreign matter to the total
and aroma of the roasted cacao beans with 2% maximum Cassava granules Dried, granulated cassava
weight of uncleaned cacao nibs, expressed in percent (%)
moisture content
Cassava chips Dried, chipped cassava
Roasted cacao beans Product obtained from roasting cacao beans
Roasting capacity Total weight of loaded dry cacao over the total roasting
Cassava chunks Dried, chunked cassava intended for feed and other
Unhulled beans Whole or cracked beans which fully or partially retain its time, expressed in kilogram per hour (kg/h)
industrial use
hull after passing through the hulling mechanism Roasting efficiency Uniformity of roasted cacao beans in terms of moisture
Drying loss Ratio of the total dry weight of cassava primary products
Winnowing Process of separating the cacao hull from the dry cacao content
collected at all areas of the machine other than the
or roasted cacao beans after cracking Drum or cylinder roaster Uses a drum to hold the dry cacao to be roasted. As the
discharge outlet to the total dry weight of cassava
Cracker Made of steel or rubber bonded to an inner metal drum drum spins, hot gases transfer heat to the drum and then
primary products, expressed in percent
core use for breaking the cacao beans. to the dry cacao.
Fan Air moving device that is used to force heated air through
Screw-type or auger-type It consists of feeding auger and stationary perforated Perforated drum It is a type of drum roaster with drum that is fully
Blower the mass of cassava primary products at the desired air
cracker discs or the cracking plate. perforated on the sides. The hot gas enters the rear of
flow rate and pressure
Serrated cone cracker It is a type of cracker where the cacao beans pass the drum and radially flows outward through the bean-
Heating system efficiency Ratio of the amount of heat added in the air to the heat
through a cone-shaped steel with serrations. covered and bean-free portions of the drum wall.
available in the fuel
Hammer-type cracker Hammer- type cracker crushes the cacao beans by Solid drum The hot gas enters the central port at the rear of the
Input capacity The amount of cassava primary products fed to the dryer
impact. It has a number of hammer bars (fixed or roaster and contacts with the dry cacao then flows axially
per unit of time
swinging) mounted radially on a shaft rotating along the through the length of the roaster and exits to a port at
Moisture gradient Difference between the maximum and the minimum
horizontal axis the front of the drum.
moisture content randomly sampled after drying
PNS/BAFS PAES 254:2018 Agricultural Machinery– Cacao Huller– Methods of Cacao roaster Shall be provided with cooling trays and dasher.
Output capacity Amount of dried cassava primary products per unit of
Test
PNS/BAFS PAES 256:2018 Agricultural Machinery– Cacao Roaster– Methods of
time, expressed in kilogram per hour
Bean count Total number of cacao beans (excluding flat and broken
Test
Batch type It is a type of mechanical dryer wherein the material to be
beans) required to make a weight of 100 grams
Bean count Total number of cacao beans (excluding flat and broken
dried in fixed volume is held in the drying chamber in
Cacao nib recovery Ratio of the total weight of cacao nibs collected at the
beans) required to make a weight of 100 grams
batches until it reaches the desired moisture content
cacao nib outlet to the total weight of dry cacao or
Specific energy consumption Ratio of the electric/LPG consumption and the amount of
Flat Bed For shallow bed batch type dryer, a fixed volume of the
roasted cacao beans loaded in the intake hopper of the
roasted cacao beans, expressed in kilowatt-hour per
material to be dried is held stationary in a horizontal
machine, expressed in percentage (%)
kilogram or kilojoule per kilogram
holding bin.
Foreign matter All matters other than cacao nibs
Test applicant Manufacturer, direct importer, or any legitimate
Recirculating It is a batch type dryer equipped to circulate and/or mix
Impurity
distributor, dealer, or end-user of the machine
fixed volume of the product during the drying operation.
Moisture content (wet basis) Amount of moisture in the dry cacao or roasted cacao
PNS/BAFS PAES 257:2018 Agricultural Machinery– Cassava Mechanical Dryer–
Continuous flow A type of dryer in which the material being dried moves
beans expressed as percent of the total weight of the
Specifications
through the drying chamber in a substantially continuous
sample
Cassava mechanical dryer Used to remove excess moisture from the cassava stream and is discharged without being recirculated.
PNS/BAFS PAES 255:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Cacao Roaster–
primary products, generally by forced or natural
Concurrent-flow In this type of dryer, the product being dried moves in the
Specifications
convection
same direction as drying air
Batch roaster A type of roaster that roasts a given quantity of dry cacao
Cassava primary products Clean and pathogen free cassava roots that have
Counter-flow The product being dried in this type of dryer moves in one
at a given time, with definite start and stop time
undergone primary processing such as grating,
direction and the drying air moves in the opposite
Cacao beans Refers to the whole seed which has been fermented and
granulating, chipping or random chopping and serves as
direction
Cocoa beans dried
input to the dryer
Cross-flow The flow of air in cross- flow dryer is transverse to the
Cacao roaster Machine used to roast dry cacao
Granulated cassava Cassava primary product prepared by granulating
direction of flow of the product being dried.
Dry cacao Commercial term used to designate cacao beans which
Chipped cassava Cassava primary product prepared by chipping Mixing The drying bin for mixing dryer is similar to columnar
are evenly dried and has a moisture content between 6-
drying bin except that it includes louvers causing mixing
Grated cassava Cassava primary product prepared by grating and
8%
to occur as the product flows through the system
Non-mixing It is a type of continuous flow dryer wherein the product (Davids, 2023, modified) Vertical drum roaster Movement of the coffee beans inside the chamber is

in the drying bin flows through the column in a straight Drum roaster GCB roaster where the beans are agitated inside a metal facilitated by paddles or auger

path drum. The heat is applied through the surface of the Rotating bowl GCB are fed into the center of the rotating horizontal bowl

Direct A type of dryer in which the products of combustion come drum mainly by conduction (Bolka and Emire, 2020, with a vertical shaft and are carried to the sides of the

into direct contact with the product being dried. modified) bowl by centrifugal force supported by high temperature

Indirect The products of combustion of the indirect dryer do not Green coffee bean (GCB) Dried bean of the coffee plant, disengaged from their air.

come in contact with the products being dried. This type external envelopes (exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp) Batch roaster A definite amount of GCB is roasted at a time. Batch

of dryer uses heat exchanger. after hulling (BAFS-DA, 2012, modified) roasters have a specific time to start and finish each

PNS/BAFS 214:2023 Green Coffee Bean Roaster — Specifications Green coffee bean (GCB) roaster Machine used to roast GCB (Wibowo, et al., 2022, roasting process. Bean temperatures change with time.

modified) Likewise, the roasting time per batch varies depending on

Air roaster GCB roaster that utilizes forced hot air to simultaneously
Heat source Supplies heat to the roasting chamber (BAFS-DA, 2018, the degree of roast and the amount of GCB.
agitate and roast GCB through convection (Botazzi, 2012,
modified) Continuous roaster A type of GCB roaster that operates continuously and is
modified)
Input capacity Total amount of GCB over the roasting time, expressed in specifically designed to roast GCB, with RCB being
By-product Chaff, silver skin, and other wastes after roasting (AMTEC-
kilogram per hour (kg/h) discharged at the other end simultaneously. Bean
UPLB, 2023)
temperature changes with axial position.
Input per load Total amount of GCB input per load, expressed in
Coffee sampler Metal scoop used to inspect small portion of roasted
kilogram (kg) Fuel GCB roaster which uses fuel as heat source such as LPG
Coffee trier coffee bean (RCB) during roasting (Folmer, 2017,
and diesel.
modified) Output capacity Total amount of RCB over the roasting time, expressed in

kilogram per hour (kg/h) PNS/BAFS 215:2023 Green Coffee Bean Roaster — Methods of Test
Damaged beans Broken RCB damaged by the machine during the roasting

process (BAFS-DA, 2023) Output per load Total amount of RCB per load, expressed in kilogram (kg) Coffee species Various botanical species within the Coffea (genus) that

Degree of roast Color-based roast classification that can be measured are cultivated for the production of coffee beans
Retained RCB Remaining beans inside the roasting chamber

using Agtron roast color guide/Specialty Coffee Moisture content (wet basis) Amount of moisture in the coffee beans expressed as
Roast profile Temperature and time curve that determines the
Association roast color guide, spectrophotometer, percent of the total weight of the sample
transformation of a GCB to RCB
colorimeter, or any other appropriate equipment or Pre-heating time Duration where the roaster is operated on a certain
Roasted coffee bean (RCB) Palatable coffee beans derived by subjecting GCB to dry
method (Leme, et al., 2019, modified) temperature prior to loading of GCB
heat, whether from an open flame, oven, or other heating
Very light roast First crack (stage of coffee roasting where complex Prime mover Any device or mechanism that generates power to run
source, to achieve the desired degree of roast
chemical reactions occur as the RCB reach 190-205 °C the GCB roaster
Roasting Process used to produce chemical and physical changes
that causes an audible cracking sound), delicate with a bit Roasting time Actual roasting period which takes place after pre-heating
in the structure and composition of GCB by heat
of acidity and grassy taste (O’Connor, 2023, modified) time
treatment resulting in the darkening of GCB and
Light roast Light brown in color, no oil on the surface of the RCB Running-in period Preliminary operation conducted before the actual testing
development of the characteristic flavor and aroma
(Davids, 2023, modified) of the machine to make various adjustments until the
Roasting temperature Temperature inside the roasting chamber during
Moderately light roast Moderately light brown in color, surface of bean remains operation is stable
operation, expressed in oc
dry without oil in the surface (Davids, 2023, modified) Specific energy consumption Amount of energy consumed per unit of coffee beans
Roasting losses RCB that were not collected from the main outlet except
Light medium roast Light brown in color, green coffee distinction is clear, and roasted, expressed in kw-h/kg or kj/kg
for retained RCB inside the roasting chamber
with dry surface (Davids, 2023, modified) Tipping Can be determined by the presence of marks on the
Scorched RCB Produced when the charge temperature (i.e., starting
Medium roast Medium brown in color, no oil on the surface of the RCB edges of the beans
temperature) is too high and the speed of the drum is too
(Davids, 2023, modified) Variety Genetically distinct variation of a single species of coffee
slow; dark burnt stains appear on the coffee bean surface
Moderately dark roast With richer, darker color having some oil beginning to
Sight glass A viewing window to see the color change process during PNS/BAFS PAES 249:2018 Agricultural Machinery – Multicrop Grater –
show on the surface of the RCB. The beans are roasted to
Inspection window the roasting process Specifications
the beginning or in the middle of the second crack (stage
Unroasted bean Coffee beans which show a lighter color compared to the Fresh crop Includes the edible parts of all crops prepared for grating
of roasting where GCB are dehydrated and becomes
whole batch except for quakers
brittle resulting to cracking and carbonization which Grated product Output of the multicrop grater discharged from the
Conduction Transfer of heat to the coffee bean occurs through the product outlet
usually occurs at 225-235 °C; produces the burnt
surface of a hot metal drum or container.
characteristics of dark roasts) (Davids, 2023, modified) Grating recovery Ratio between the total weight of grated products
Convection Transfer of heat to the coffee bean occurs through heated collected at the products outlet excluding the partially
Dark roast Dark brown in color with RCB covered in oil. The beans
air grated products to the total weight of fresh crop loaded in
are roasted with, at about the end of second crack
Horizontal drum roaster Coffee beans are axially mixed along the horizontal drum the hopper of the machine, expressed in percent
(Davids, 2023, modified)
by spiral flights
Very dark roast Black in color with bean surface covered brightly with oil
Hopper Part of the machine where fresh crops are loaded

Input capacity Weight of fresh crops fed into the grater per unit time,

expressed in kilogram per hour

Multicrop grater Machine that reduces the size of the fresh crop into

grated products

Output capacity Weight of grated products collected at the product outlet

per unit time, expressed in kilogram per hour

Partially grated product Products that passed through the grating mechanism

which are ten (10) times larger than the average size of

the grated products

Product outlet Part of machine where grated products are being

discharged