UNIT 9

DIGITAL ETHICS AND

ETIQUETTES*

Structure
9.0 Objectives
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Digital Citizenship: Ethics and Etiquette
9.3 Understanding Personal Internet Etiquette
9.4 Internet Safety
9.5 Digital Citizenship and Mental Health
9.6 Digital Footprint
9.7 Copyright and Intellectual Property
9.8 Tips for Common Web Forums
9.9 Legacy Web Skills
9.10 Some Case Studies
9.11 Let Us Sum Up
9.12 Key Words
9.13 Some Useful Books/Articles/Links
9.14 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises

9.0 OBJECTIVES
After going through this unit, you will be able to:
●● develop a comprehensive understanding of digital citizenship,
including the principles of ethical behaviour, internet etiquette, and
online safety.
●● recognize the importance of protecting personal information, avoiding
scams and misinformation, and practicing social media safety.
●● explain the impact of digital citizenship on mental health and learn
strategies for maintaining good digital hygiene, practicing self-
awareness, and building supportive online communities.
●● discuss copyright laws and intellectual property rights, and learn best
practices for respecting and acknowledging these rights in online
content.
●● acquire the skills necessary for effective participation in web forums,
including popular platforms like Facebook, X, YouTube, and Reddit.
●● apply legacy web skills such as setting up an email address, writing and
formatting emails, creating personal or professional blogs, building/
hosting a simple website, and utilizing file transfer protocol (FTP).

* M
 s. Nisheta Gupta, Product Designer, Zomato, Gurugram & Mr. Sharat Chandra,
Senior Data Scientist, Ford Motor Company, USA.
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 Digital Ethics
9.1 INTRODUCTION and Etiquettes
Digital citizenship includes various aspects of online behaviour, such as
digital ethics and internet etiquette. Digital ethics refer to the moral principles
and values that guide our online Behaviour. It involves understanding
the impact of our actions on others and taking responsibility for the
consequences of our Behaviour online. As technology continues to advance,
the importance of digital citizenship has become increasingly crucial in our
daily lives. As responsible digital citizens, it is essential to understand the
importance of digital ethics and internet etiquette. Our online behaviour can
have a significant impact on others, and it is our responsibility to ensure that
our actions promote a positive and safe online environment. This unit will
discuss some of these issues.

9.2 Digital Citizenship: Ethics and

Etiquette
Digital citizenship refers to the responsible and appropriate use of technology,
including the internet, social media, and other digital devices. In today’s
digital world, where technology has become an integral part of our lives, it
is crucial to understand the responsibilities and ethical considerations that
come with being a digital citizen. Digital citizenship involves understanding
how to use technology safely, responsibly, and ethically. It also involves
being mindful of the impact that our online actions can have on ourselves
and others.
Definition and Importance of Digital Ethics
Digital ethics refers to the moral principles and standards that guide our
behaviour online. It involves understanding and adhering to ethical values
and principles when using digital technology and engaging with others
online. Digital ethics is essential because it helps us to navigate the complex
and constantly evolving landscape of digital technology in a way that is
responsible and ethical. It helps us to be aware of the potential consequences
of our online actions and to make informed decisions about how we interact
with others in the digital world.
Importance of Internet Etiquette and Safety
Internet etiquette, also known as netiquette, refers to the rules and
guidelines that govern online behaviour and communication. It involves
being respectful, polite, and courteous when interacting with others online.
Internet safety, on the other hand, involves taking measures to protect
ourselves and others from online threats, such as cyberbullying, identity
theft, and phishing scams. Both internet etiquette and safety are essential for
creating a positive and safe online environment.
Common Ethical Issues in Digital Citizenship
There are several ethical issues that arise in digital citizenship. Cyberbullying
is one of the most common ethical issues. It involves feelings of intimidation,
harassment, or humiliation online. Other ethical issues include online
privacy, intellectual property theft, and online identity theft. It is crucial
to be aware of these ethical issues and to take steps to avoid engaging in
unethical behaviour online. 135
Digital Skills Best Practices for Ethical Behaviour Online
There are several best practices for ethical behaviour online. Firstly, it is
essential to be mindful of the impact that our online actions can have on
others. We should always treat others with respect, kindness, and empathy,
whether we are interacting with them online or in person. Secondly, we
should be cautious about the information we share online and should avoid
sharing personal or sensitive information that could be used against us or
others. Thirdly, we should respect the intellectual property of others and
avoid using their work without their permission. Finally, we should always
be mindful of our online security and take steps to protect ourselves from
online threats.

9.3 UNDERSTANDING PERSONAL INTERNET

ETIQUETTE
Personal internet etiquette, also known as netiquette, refers to the social
norms and rules that guide our behaviour online. It involves using appropriate
language, respecting others’ privacy, and avoiding behaviour that can be
considered offensive or harmful. It is essential to treat others online with
respect and kindness. We should avoid using offensive language, bullying,
or harassing others. We should also respect others’ privacy and avoid sharing
personal information without their permission. Personal internet etiquette
is essential for creating a positive and respectful online environment. By
following these guidelines, we can ensure that our online behaviour is
responsible, respectful, and safe.
Rights and Responsibilities in Forum
Participating in online forums comes with both rights and responsibilities.
As a forum member, you have the right to express your opinions, share your
experiences and engage in discussions with other members. However, with
these rights come responsibilities, such as respecting the rules and guidelines
of the forum, treating other members with respect, and contributing to a
positive and constructive community.
Politeness and Respect
Politeness and respect are essential when participating in online forums. It
is important to remember that behind every username is a real person with
their own thoughts, feelings, and opinions. Therefore, it is crucial to engage
in discussions with politeness and respect, even when disagreements arise.
Disagreements can be productive and lead to valuable insights, but they
should always be expressed in a respectful and constructive manner.
Online Communication
Effective online communication is another crucial aspect of participating
in forums. It is important to communicate clearly and concisely, using
proper grammar and spelling. Additionally, it is essential to listen actively
and respond thoughtfully to others’ contributions. This means reading and
understanding others’ posts before responding, and avoiding posting purely
to contradict or provoke.

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Patience and Empathy Digital Ethics
and Etiquettes
Patience and empathy are also important in forum participation. It can
be frustrating to encounter viewpoints that differ from our own, but it is
important to approach these discussions with patience and empathy. Try
to understand where other members are coming from, and listen to their
perspectives without judgement. This can lead to more productive and
respectful discussions.
Privacy and Personal Boundaries
Privacy and personal boundaries are also crucial in forum participation.
Members should avoid sharing personal information such as their full
name, home address, or phone number, as this information can be used
maliciously by others. Additionally, members should be aware of their own
boundaries and should feel comfortable setting limits on what they share
and with whom they share it.

9.4 INTERNET SAFETY

Internet safety refers to the measures we take to protect ourselves and others
while using the internet. As the internet becomes more integrated into our
daily lives, it is essential to be aware of potential risks and take steps to
protect ourselves and our information. Here are some important internet
safety tips:
Protecting Personal Information
Protecting personal information is critical in today’s digital age. Hackers
and identity thieves are becoming more sophisticated in their methods of
stealing personal information, and it is essential to take proactive steps to
safeguard sensitive information. Some best practices for protecting personal
information include:
●● Creating Strong Passwords: Create strong, unique passwords
that are difficult for others to guess. Avoid using personal
information such as your name, birth date, or address in your
passwords.
●● Using Two-Factor Authentication: Two-factor authentication
adds an extra layer of security to your accounts by requiring a
secondary form of identification, such as a fingerprint or one-
time code.
●● Limiting Personal Information Shared Online: Be cautious
about what personal information you share online. Avoid
sharing your home address, phone number, or other sensitive
information on public forums or social media.
●● Using Secure Wi-Fi: When accessing the internet on public
Wi-Fi networks, use a virtual private network (VPN) to protect
your data from potential hackers.
●● Monitoring Financial Statements: Regularly review bank
statements and credit reports to ensure that there are no
unauthorized transactions or accounts in your name.

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Digital Skills Recognizing and Avoiding Scams and Misinformation
Scams and misinformation are prevalent online, and it is important to be
aware of the signs of these types of content and avoid falling victim to them.
Some tips for recognizing and avoiding scams and misinformation include:
Checking the Source: Verify the credibility of the source before sharing or
acting on any information online. Avoid sharing information from unreliable
sources or those with a history of promoting fake news or conspiracy
theories.
Being Cautious with Links: Avoid clicking on links from unknown sources
or links that seem suspicious. Hover over a link to see the URL before
clicking on it to ensure that it is legitimate.
Recognizing Phishing Emails: Be cautious of emails that ask for personal
information or contain urgent requests to take action. Phishing emails often
use urgent or threatening language to try to get the recipient to provide
personal information or click on a malicious link.
Avoiding Get-Rich-Quick Schemes: Be skeptical of any offer that promises
a large sum of money for minimal effort. These types of schemes are often
scams that aim to steal personal information or money.
Social Media Safety
Social media is a ubiquitous part of modern life, but it also presents many
potential risks. Social media safety involves taking measures to protect your
personal information and privacy while using these platforms. Some best
practices for social media safety include:
Adjusting Privacy Settings: Review and adjust privacy settings on social
media platforms to limit who can see your posts and personal information.
Being Selective with Friend Requests: Only accept friend requests from
people you know and trust.
Avoiding Oversharing: Be cautious about sharing personal information
such as your home address, phone number, travel plans or location on social
media.
Being Cautious with Messages: Be wary of direct messages from unknown
accounts or messages that seem suspicious.
Reporting Suspicious Activity: Report suspicious activity to the social
media platform to protect yourself and other users.
Cyberbullying Prevention and Response
Cyberbullying is a serious issue that can cause long-term psychological
damage to victims. Prevention and response to cyberbullying involve taking
measures to protect oneself and others from online harassment and bullying.
Some tips for cyberbullying prevention and response include:
Creating a Safe and Supportive Environment: Foster a safe and
supportive online community by promoting positive interactions and
respectful communication.
Reporting Cyberbullying: Report any instances of cyberbullying to the
appropriate authorities or the social media platform.
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Protecting Personal Information: Avoid sharing personal information Digital Ethics
that could be used against you in cyberbullying attacks. and Etiquettes

Reporting the Incident: Report the incident to the appropriate authorities

or the social media platform. Many social media platforms have mechanisms
for reporting cyberbullying, and it is important to take advantage of these
resources.
Seeking Support: Seek support from trusted adults, friends, or mental
health professionals. Talking about the experience can help victims process
their feelings and develop coping strategies to deal with the effects of
cyberbullying.
Educating Others: Share your experience with others to raise awareness
about the issue of cyberbullying. Educating others about the effects of
cyberbullying can help prevent future incidents and create a more supportive
online community.

9.5 DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP AND MENTAL

HEALTH
Need for Good Digital Hygiene and Effects on Mental Health
Digital Hygiene refers to how we manage our digital lives, in much the
same way as personal hygiene relates to our physical health.
Good digital hygiene includes managing screen time, maintaining a healthy
balance between offline and online activities, protecting personal data, and
practicing ethical online behaviour.
Poor digital hygiene can have detrimental effects on mental health. Excessive
screen time, cyberbullying, misinformation, and the pressure to maintain a
‘perfect’ online persona can contribute to anxiety, depression, and stress
disorders. Therefore, maintaining good digital hygiene is paramount to our
overall mental well-being.
Self-Awareness and Self-Care
●● Recognizing Personal Triggers and Symptoms.
●● Self-awareness is the cornerstone of maintaining mental health
in a digital world. Recognizing your personal triggers, such as
specific online content or behaviours that contribute to stress
or anxiety, is the key. Additionally, being aware of symptoms
like insomnia, mood swings, or loss of interest in activities can
signal an unhealthy relationship with digital platforms.
●● When you begin to feel like your time online is negatively
affecting your life in any way, it may be time to employ some
digital hygiene strategies.
●● Setting Screen Time Boundaries and Limiting Social Media
Use.
●● One effective strategy for digital hygiene is simply reducing the
amount of time you spend online and especially using social
media.
●● Most digital devices now come with settings to help manage
screen time. Social media platforms can often amplify negative
emotions, and limiting its use can provide emotional relief. 139
Digital Skills ●● Prioritizing Mental Health.
●● A poor relationship with digital life can result in a great deal
of stress, negative emotions, and in extreme cases, depression
and clinical anxiety. Addressing this as soon as it becomes a
problem is extremely important for your own safety and health.
●● This may involve engaging in offline activities like exercise,
meditation, reading, or pursuing a hobby.
●● Equally important is seeking professional help when signs of
mental distress become apparent.
Building Supportive Online Communities
●● The digital space also offers opportunities to build and
participate in supportive communities. These can provide
resources, emotional support, and a sense of belonging. Online
communities can focus on mental health, hobbies, or interests,
and act as a positive influence.
●● Following digital ethics and etiquette helps the online
communities that you live in become healthier places for
everyone, and being mindful of the ways that you interact with
and treat others in your community can make all the difference
in supporting your mental health, and the health of your peers.
Advocating for Mental Health
●● Standing up against cyberbullying, spreading awareness about
the importance of mental health, and promoting resources for
mental health support are great ways of showing your support
for your peers in the digital spaces that you find yourself in.
●● There is still a lot of stigma surrounding mental health and
how our interactions with the digital world contributes to
mental health difficulties. While social stigma is a challenge
to overcome, mental health is a real part of our lives as human
beings and being aware of how we treat others and introspective
of how we are feeling when consuming content online or
participating in forums can help keep everyone safer.
Where Can You Find Support?
Support can come in many forms, including online and offline resources.
Online support can include mental health apps, online therapy services,
and supportive communities. Offline support can include mental health
professionals, support groups, and friends and family. In times of distress,
it’s essential to reach out for help.
Check Your Progress 1
1. What is the definition of digital citizenship?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. Name one common ethical issue in digital citizenship.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
140 _______________________________________________________
3. What are some best practices for protecting personal information Digital Ethics
online? and Etiquettes

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

9.6 DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

A digital footprint refers to the trail of data or information that is left behind
by a person when they use the internet or engage in online activities. It is
essentially the online presence or identity that individuals create through
their actions and interactions on various digital platforms.
Let us talk about why digital footprints are important and what role do they
play in our lives :
Online reputation
Your digital footprint contributes to your online reputation. Employers,
academic institutions, and even individuals often search for information
about others online. A positive digital footprint can enhance your reputation
and open up opportunities, while a negative one can have adverse effects.
Privacy and security
Your digital footprint can reveal personal information, such as your name,
location, interests, and browsing habits. This information can be used by
advertisers, data brokers, or cybercriminals to target you with personalized
ads or even attempt identity theft. Understanding and managing your digital
footprint is crucial for safeguarding your privacy and security.
Digital citizenship
Being aware of your digital footprint is part of responsible digital
citizenship. By understanding the impact of your online activities, you can
make informed decisions about what you share and how you engage with
others online.
Common ways in which digital footprints are created include:
Social media: Interactions on platforms like Facebook, X, Instagram, and
LinkedIn contribute significantly to your digital footprint. Posts, comments,
likes, and shares can all be traced back to you.
Online searches: Your search history and the websites you visit leave traces
that contribute to your digital footprint. Search engines, like Google, retain
this information, which can be used to personalize search results and ads.
Online shopping: Purchases made online generate data that becomes part
of your digital footprint. It includes information about your preferences,
shopping habits, and transaction history.
Online communication: Emails, instant messaging, and video calls
create digital footprints. The content, recipients, and timestamps of your
communications can be tracked and stored.
To manage your digital footprint effectively, consider the following best
practices:
●● Regularly review privacy settings: Adjust privacy settings on social
media platforms and other online services to control who can access 141
Digital Skills your information. Be mindful of what you share publicly and limit the
personal details you disclose.
●● Think before you post: Before sharing anything online, consider the
potential long-term consequences. Once something is posted, it can
be challenging to remove it completely.
●● Monitor your online presence: Regularly search for your name
and review the results to assess your digital footprint. This allows
you to identify any inaccuracies or negative content that may need
addressing.
●● Be cautious with personal information: Minimize the amount
of personal information you share online. Avoid posting sensitive
details such as your address, phone number, travel plans or financial
information.
●● Use strong passwords and enable two-factor authentication: Protect
your accounts by using unique, complex passwords and enabling
additional security measures like two-factor or step authentication.
This helps prevent unauthorized access to your accounts.
●● Educate yourself about privacy and security: Stay informed about
current privacy and security practices to make informed decisions
about your online activities. Regularly update your knowledge on
privacy settings, security measures, and potential risks.
By being mindful of your digital footprint and following best practices, you
can actively manage and protect your online identity and privacy.

9.7 COPYRIGHT AND INTELLECTUAL

PROPERTY
Whether creating an online business or sharing with friends on social media,
one will often need to use, repurpose, or modify the work of other people. In
an online setting, just as in the everyday world, the use of the work of others
is governed under Copyright Law, and you should be aware of what your
responsibilities are when interacting with copyrighted material.
Copyright Definition and its Importance
●● Copyright is a set of laws that protects original works such as
literature, music, art, and computer programmes.
●● In India, it is regulated by the Copyright Act of 1957, covering
original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works,
cinematographic films, and sound recordings.
●● A copyright owner has the exclusive right to reproduce,
distribute, create derivatives of, and display their work.
●● Copyright lasts for the creator’s lifetime plus 60 years in India,
after which it enters the public domain.
●● Copyright is vital in the digital world to protect creators’ rights,
ensure fair compensation, encourage creativity, and maintain
a balanced environment where individuals and corporations
coexist.

142
ommon Issues related to Copyright and Intellectual
C Digital Ethics
and Etiquettes
Property
●● Unauthorized File Sharing: Sharing copyrighted material
without permission, often over peer-to-peer networks, can lead
to financial loss for the creator.
●● Plagiarism: Copying someone’s work and claiming it as
your own is not only ethically wrong but can result in legal
consequences.
●● Using Copyrighted Material in Content Creation: Online
influencers and businesses must obtain permissions to use
copyrighted materials or ensure they are under a Creative
Commons License.
●● Copyright Issues in Brand Collaboration and Partnerships:
Clear agreements on content ownership and usage rights are
vital when collaborating with brands or creators.
 est Practices for Respecting Copyright and Intellectual
B
Property
●● Obtain Permission: Always seek the copyright owner’s
permission before using their work.
●● Use “Common Licensed” Content: Utilize materials under
common licenses such as Creative Commons.
●● Provide Attribution: Credit the original creator when using
their work.
●● Respect Fair Use: Understand and respect the fair use
principle, which allows limited use of copyrighted work
without permission.
●● Stay Informed: Regularly update your knowledge on copyright
laws and changes.

Case Study
Shweta’s Journey as a Content Creator
Shweta, a talented graphic designer and content creator, embarked on
a journey that highlighted the importance of copyright and intellectual
property in the digital realm. Let’s explore her experience:
Shweta’s Creative Ventures:
Shweta’s passion for design led her to create unique and innovative
artwork, which she shared on various online platforms. As her work
gained popularity, Shweta realized the significance of protecting her
creative endeavors and respecting the intellectual property of others.
Understanding Copyright and Intellectual Property:
To ensure she was well-informed, she invested time in researching
copyright laws and intellectual property rights. She learned about the
rights granted to creators and the importance of obtaining proper licenses
for using copyrighted materials. Shweta understood that respecting
copyright not only protected the rights of others but also safeguarded her
own creative work.
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Digital Skills
Protecting Her Own Work:
Shweta took proactive steps to protect her own creations. She registered
her original designs with the appropriate copyright authorities, providing
legal evidence of ownership. She also added watermarks to her online
portfolio and implemented measures to discourage unauthorized use or
reproduction of her work. These actions helped Shweta maintain control
over her intellectual property and provided legal recourse in case of
infringement.
Respecting Others’ Copyright:
Shweta recognized the importance of respecting the copyright of other
creators. When using stock images or other resources, she diligently
reviewed and acquired proper licenses, ensuring she had the necessary
permissions to use them in her projects. By attributing credit to the original
creators and seeking permission when needed, Shweta demonstrated
ethical behaviour and respect for intellectual property rights.
Advocacy and Education:
Motivated by her own experiences, Shweta became an advocate for
copyright and intellectual property rights within the creative community.
She actively engaged in discussions and workshops, sharing her knowledge
and raising awareness about the importance of respecting and protecting
creative works. Shweta encouraged fellow creators to understand their
rights, obtain appropriate licenses, and foster a culture of respect for
intellectual property.
Impact and Recognition:
Shweta’s dedication to copyright and intellectual property rights did not
go unnoticed. Her reputation as a responsible and ethical content creator
grew, and she became a trusted resource for others seeking guidance on
copyright-related matters. Shweta’s commitment to upholding copyright
standards not only protected her own work but also contributed to a
broader understanding of intellectual property in the creative community.
Shweta’s journey as a content creator and copyright advocate showcases
the significance of copyright and intellectual property in the digital
landscape. Through her efforts to protect her own work, respect the rights
of others, and advocate for ethical practices, Shweta exemplified the
importance of responsible digital citizenship and the impact it can have
on preserving creativity and fostering a culture of respect for intellectual
property.

9.8 TIPS FOR COMMON WEB FORUMS

Facebook
●● Adjust privacy settings: Review and customize your privacy
settings to control who can see your posts, personal information,
and photos.

144
 ●● Be mindful of what you share: Think before posting personal Digital Ethics
updates or photos and consider the potential audience and long- and Etiquettes
term consequences.
●● Verify friend requests: Only accept friend requests from people
you know or trust to maintain a secure and genuine network.
●● Report inappropriate content: Report any abusive, harassing,
or inappropriate content you come across to help create a safer
environment.
WhatsApp
●● Protect your conversations: Enable end-to-end encryption to
secure your messages and calls.
●● Be cautious with group chats: Verify the authenticity of group
invitations before joining, as they can expose your phone
number and personal information to strangers.
●● Manage privacy settings: Customize your profile visibility,
last seen status, and profile photo settings to control who can
access your information.
●● Block unwanted contacts: Block and report any contacts that
harass or send unsolicited messages.
X
●● Use strong passwords: Protect your account by using unique
and strong passwords.
●● Be mindful of public tweets: Remember that your tweets
are public, so think before posting sensitive or controversial
information.
●● Report abusive behaviour: Report and block accounts
engaging in harassment, hate speech, or abusive behaviour.
●● Follow reputable sources: Verify the credibility of accounts
before following them to ensure you receive reliable information.
YouTube
●● Comment responsibly: Be respectful when commenting on
videos and avoid engaging in toxic or abusive discussions.
●● Protect your privacy: Review your privacy settings to control
who can view your liked videos, subscriptions, and watch
history.
●● Use age restrictions: Enable age restrictions to prevent minors
from accessing inappropriate content on your account.
●● Report inappropriate videos or comments: Flag any videos
or comments that violate YouTube’s community guidelines.
Twitch
●● Familiarize yourself with community guidelines: Understand
and adhere to the community guidelines to ensure a positive
and respectful experience.
145
Digital Skills ●● Moderate your chat: Utilize moderation tools to filter or block
inappropriate or offensive chat messages.
●● Protect your personal information: Avoid sharing personal
details on streams or in chat to protect your privacy.
●● Report harassment or abuse: Report any instances of
harassment, hate speech, or abusive behaviour to Twitch
support.
TikTok
●● Manage privacy settings: Customize your privacy settings to
control who can view your videos, comment on them, or send
you messages.
●● Be cautious with personal information: Avoid sharing
sensitive personal information in videos or comments.
●● Report inappropriate content: Report videos or accounts that
promote hate speech, harassment, or other forms of misconduct.
●● Engage responsibly: Be mindful of your own behaviour and
engage in positive interactions with others on the platform.
LinkedIn
●● Maintain a professional profile: Use LinkedIn primarily for
professional networking and career-related activities.
●● Be selective with connection requests: Only connect with
individuals you know or trust professionally.
●● Participate in relevant discussions: Engage in industry-
related discussions and share valuable insights to build your
professional reputation.
●● Avoid oversharing: Be cautious about sharing personal or
sensitive information on your LinkedIn profile.
Reddit
●● Familiarize yourself with subreddit rules: Each subreddit
has its own rules and guidelines. Read and follow them to avoid
getting banned or having your posts removed.
●● Respect the community: Engage in discussions with respect
and courtesy, and avoid personal attacks or harassment.
●● Use downvotes wisely: Downvote content that does not
contribute to the discussion or violates subreddit rules, rather
than simply expressing disagreement.
●● Verify information: Double-check the accuracy of information
before sharing it, as Reddit can sometimes contain misleading
or false content.
Dating Apps
●● Protect your personal information: Be cautious about sharing
sensitive personal information on dating apps, especially in the
early stages of interaction.
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 ●● Use reputable apps: Choose well-known and reputable dating Digital Ethics
apps that prioritize user safety and security. and Etiquettes

●● Be mindful of catfishing: Be aware that people may

misrepresent themselves on dating apps. Take steps to verify
the authenticity of the profiles before engaging in deeper
conversations or meetings.
●● Meet in a public place: When meeting someone from a dating
app in person, choose a public location and let someone you
trust know about your plans.
●● Trust your instincts: If something feels off or uncomfortable,
trust your instincts and consider ending the conversation or
blocking the person.

9.9 LEGACY WEB SKILLS

Setting Up an Email Address or Mailing List
●● Choose a reliable email service provider and sign up for an
account.
●● Follow the instructions provided by the email service provider
to set up your email address.
●● To create a mailing list, use an email marketing platform like
MailChimp or Constant Contact, and follow their guidelines
for creating and managing a list.
Email Writing and Formatting
●● Use a professional tone and proper grammar in your emails.
●● Include a clear and concise subject line.
●● Structure your email with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
●● Use paragraphs, bullet points, or numbered lists to organize
your content.
●● Pay attention to email etiquette, such as addressing the recipient
properly and using a polite tone.
●● Avoid using excessive formatting, large attachments, or overly
lengthy emails.
Writing a Personal or Professional Blog
●● Choose a blogging platform like WordPress, Blogger, or
Medium.
●● Sign up and create an account on the chosen platform.
●● Select a visually appealing theme/template for your blog.
●● Plan your content and write engaging and informative blog
posts.
●● Use proper formatting, including headings, subheadings, and
paragraphs, to improve readability.
●● Incorporate relevant images, videos, or other multimedia
elements.
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Digital Skills ●● Promote your blog through social media and engage with your
readers through comments and feedback.
Building/Hosting a Simple Website
●● Choose a website builder platform like Wix, Weebly, or
Squarespace.
●● Sign up and create an account on the platform.
●● Select a template that suits your needs and customize it with
your content, images, and branding.
●● Organize your website with clear navigation and intuitive
layout.
●● Optimize your website for mobile devices.
●● Ensure your website has essential pages like Home, About,
Services, Contact, etc.
●● Publish your website and consider registering a domain name
for a professional touch.
Image Editing
●● Familiarize yourself with image editing software like Adobe
Photoshop, GIMP, GNU image or Canva.
●● Learn basic editing techniques such as cropping, resizing,
adjusting brightness and contrast, and applying filters.
●● Experiment with different image formats (JPEG, PNG, GIF)
Joint Photographic Experts Group, Portable Network Graphics,
Graphics Interchange Format and compression techniques to
optimize image sizes for the web.
●● Understand copyright and usage restrictions for images, and
use royalty-free or properly licensed images.
Check your progress 2
1. What is a digital footprint and why is it important?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. How can individuals respect copyright and intellectual property
online?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

9.10 SOME CASE STUDIES

A. Cyberbullying Prevention and Response
Alisha, a high school student, experienced cyberbullying on social
media platforms. She received hurtful messages and encountered online
harassment from her peers. However, Alisha decided to take a stand against
cyberbullying by reporting the incidents to the platform administrators and
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seeking support from her school’s counseling services. With the help of her Digital Ethics
school community, Alisha actively raised awareness about cyberbullying and Etiquettes
and its impact on mental health. She organized workshops and discussions,
educating her peers on digital citizenship and promoting empathy and
respect online. Alisha’s efforts led to a safer and more supportive online
environment within her school community, demonstrating the importance
of cyberbullying prevention and response in digital citizenship.
B. Building Supportive Online Communities
Shyam, a passionate mental health advocate, leveraged online platforms
to create a supportive community for individuals facing mental health
challenges. He established a dedicated social media group and an
accompanying website where people could share their experiences, seek
advice, and provide support to one another. Shyam diligently moderated
the community, ensuring that respectful and empathetic interactions were
maintained. Through regular engagement, sharing valuable resources, and
fostering a sense of belonging, Shyam’s online community became a vital
source of support for individuals struggling with mental health issues.
Shyam’s initiative exemplifies how building supportive online communities
can positively impact mental health and promote digital citizenship.
C. Company Adoption of Digital Ethics
Company X, a global tech firm, recognized the importance of digital ethics
in their operations. They implemented a comprehensive set of ethical
guidelines and policies for their employees, covering topics such as data
privacy, responsible AI development, and online behaviour. They conducted
regular training sessions to educate employees about the ethical implications
of their work and provided channels for reporting ethical concerns or
violations. By prioritizing digital ethics, Company X cultivated a culture
of responsible digital citizenship within the organization, enhancing trust
among stakeholders and contributing to their long-term sustainability.
These real-time case studies highlight the practical application of concepts
and skills covered in the lesson outline. They demonstrate how individuals
can navigate personal internet etiquette, promote internet safety, prioritize
mental health, manage their digital footprint, respect copyright and
intellectual property, and engage responsibly on various web forums.

9.11 LET US SUM UP

In this unit, we explored the importance of digital citizenship, ethical
behaviour online, internet etiquette, and internet safety in this unit. We
discussed various aspects of personal internet etiquette, such as understanding
rights and responsibilities in online forums, practicing politeness and respect,
effective online communication, demonstrating patience and empathy, and
setting privacy and personal boundaries.
This unit delved into the realm of internet safety, covering topics like
protecting personal information, recognizing and avoiding scams and
misinformation, ensuring social media safety, and preventing and responding
to cyberbullying. We also recognized the significant connection between
digital citizenship and mental health, emphasizing the need for good digital
hygiene, self-awareness, self-care, building supportive online communities,
and advocating for mental health. 149
Digital Skills Understanding the impact of our digital footprint, we learnt how our online
actions and activities can leave lasting impressions and affect our personal
and professional lives through this unit. The importance of copyright and
intellectual property, recognizing its definition, common issues, and best
practices for respecting and protecting creative works were emphasized.
Furthermore, we provided tips for engaging in common web forums and
platforms, including Facebook, WhatsApp, X, YouTube, Twitch, TikTok,
LinkedIn, Reddit and dating apps. We acknowledged the influence and
responsibility we have as digital citizens in these spaces, highlighting the
significance of ethical conduct and respectful online interactions.

9.12 KEY WORDS

Digital Citizenship: It refers to the responsible and ethical use of technology
and the internet. It involves understanding the rights and responsibilities of
being a digital citizen, promoting positive online behaviour, and contributing
to a safe and inclusive digital environment.
Digital Ethics: It focuses on moral principles and values that govern
online behaviour and decision-making. It involves considering the ethical
implications of using technology, respecting the rights and privacy of others,
and adhering to ethical standards while engaging in digital activities.
Internet Etiquette: Also known as “netiquette,” it encompasses the rules
and guidelines for polite and respectful behaviour online. It involves treating
others with courtesy and respect in online communication, observing proper
online manners, and avoiding offensive or harmful behaviour.
Ethical Issues: Pertains to the dilemmas and challenges related to moral
decision-making in the digital realm. This can include issues such as privacy
invasion, online harassment, copyright infringement, online activism, and
the responsible use of artificial intelligence and data.
Personal Internet Etiquette: Relates to individual behaviour and
conduct, while using the internet. It includes respecting others’ opinions,
avoiding offensive language, being mindful of tone and context in online
communication, and understanding the impact of one’s online actions on
others.
Privacy and Boundaries: Involves protecting personal information
and setting boundaries regarding the sharing of private data online. It
includes understanding the importance of consent, being cautious about the
information shared on social media platforms, and utilizing privacy settings
to safeguard personal data.
Internet Scams: Refers to fraudulent schemes and deceptive practices on
the internet, typically aimed at obtaining personal or financial information
from individuals.

9.13 SOME USEFUL BOOKS/ARTICLES/LINKS

Mangkhang & Kaewpanya. The Digital Etiquette Enhancing to Global
Citizenship of Social Studies Teachers in a New Normal Society. Canadian
Center of Science and Education
Richardson & Milovidov icw. Council of Europe’s Digital Citizenship
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Education Expert Group. Digital Citizenship Education Handbook. Council Digital Ethics
of Europe Publishing and Etiquettes

James, Weinstein., & Mendoza. Teaching digital citizens in today’s world:

Research and insights behind the Common Sense K–12 Digital Citizenship
Curriculum. (Version 2). Common Sense Media
Education Commission of the States. Media Literacy and Digital Citizenship
(2021). Infographic. ECS
Sieberg. “The Digital Citizen”. The Digital Diet: The 4 Step Plan to Break
Your Tech Addiction and Regain Balance in Your Life. Souvenir Press
Limited. pp 1-11
Rahm. The Ironies of Digital Citizenship: Educational Imaginaries and
Digital Losers AcrossThree Decades. Digital Culture & Society. 4(2), 39-61
Chusangnil. “Digital intelligence (scimath.org)”. SciMath. Published “23
October 2562” (website date field is clearly broken)

9.14 ANSWERS TO CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

EXERCISES
Check Your Progress 1
1. See Section 9.1
2. See Section 9.1
3. See Section 9.3
Check your progress 2
1. See Section 9.5
2. See Section 9.6

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