12-12-2022

• Especially in this phase it is important to

UNIT III generate as many ideas as possible and to
IDEATION, select one idea from them
" creativity is a journey, not a magic
event". • The important thing hear is to " think outside
the box" and generate and generate multiple
ideas.

• The objective of the Idea generation phase is

to find creative ideas that will solve the
targets and challenges of users.

The creative process and creative

Amplify Good and principles
eliminate Bad

Explore Opposite
IDEATE

and questions

Analyse

Identify Unexpected
resources

The creative process source:

Creative principles:
according to Walla’s (1926) • Principle of decomposition:
The problem, the task, the process steps, or the product/service
illumination/idae to be redesigned is broken down into its components and then
preparation incubation
tion
verfication
these compounds are varied/ combined a new

• Principle of association:
By Association one understands the linking of ideas, information,
perceptions, and emotions. In the sense of a free Association,
brainstorming or brain writing are to be mentioned.

• Principle of analogy and confrontation:

Technology and confrontation are targeted changes of perspective
and are based on the confirmation with the different areas.

1
 12-12-2022

• Principle of abstraction and imagination:

• Do experiment:
The basic principle of abstraction and imagination, the problem is The trial under the approach is already given
solved on a higher or illusionary level.
rise to countless innovation ideas
• Challenge common wisdom and industry conventions:
Nothing is to be accepted as given ask questions why this is so,
why this is not so, why this should be so not to be so and why this • Do networking:
can also be different
Search or promote Exchange with others
• Do mental exercise: example people from other disciplines, cultures,
Demand a new number of new ideas from yourself. Under
pressure and try to develop new ideas from one or more business areas, departments are extra partners.
problems per day

• Change your habits:

Do something completely different: Changing habits and
conventions is a success factor specially for radical innovation

Overcome the barriers to creativity Brain dominance theory

• Gives relationship between right brain and left
• One of the essential success factors the creative process is brain.
overcoming the numerous and where did creative blockades.
• Examples of create to blockades are the following
• Creativity disturbing environment • Left brain handles information in analytical,
• Stress rational, logical, sequential way.
• Lack of recognition/ no reward for creative work
• Too rigid or strict institutional controls • Right brain function by recognize relationships,
• Fear of change, risk aversion observing information in intuitive way.
• Perfectionism, search for the right things
• Pure logical thinking • Best creativity is achieved with good
• Self-satisfaction with what has been achieved so far communication between these two.

Brain dominance theory Steps to enhance creative thinking

• Develop a creative attitude

• Unlock your imagination

• Be persistent

• Develop an open mind

• Suspend your judgment

• Set problem boundaries

2
 12-12-2022

Barriers to creative thinking (mental block):

Creativity techniques
J.L. ADAM’s Mental Blocks:
1 Perpetual Block  Information overload
 Limiting problem unnecessarily
 Fixation Creative techniques divided into
 Provision of cues
1. Intuitive creative methods 2. Systematic analytical methods .

2 Emotional Block  Fear of risk taking

• The intuitive- creative techniques try mostly in a group to simulate
 Unease with chaos
spontaneous ideas, associations, and analogies to overcome blockades of
 Unwilling to incubate thought in a rather free design .
 motivation

• The principles of decomposition and abstraction are increasing the applied

3 Cultural Block  Setting too formal to systematic analytical techniques.
 Often strong resistance to change
 Overlay analytical thinking
4 Intellectual Block  Poor choice of problem-solving language
• It should be noted that not every creativity technique is a suitable for every
 Memory block question and for every team.
 Insufficient knowledge
• Creativity is ultimately very individual, everyone has their own idea,
experience habits, preferences as well as strengths and weaknesses
5 Environment Block  Physical environment
 Criticism
• In this respect one should experiment with his creativity techniques

Ideating at Apple might include a variety of Intuitive Creative Techniques Vs Systematic -

brainstorming methods to think of creative ideas Analytical techniques
for new headphones Intuitive creative techniques Systematic -analytical techniques

 Brainstorming  Osborn Checklist (SCAMPER)- Substitute,

Combine, Adapt, Modify/Magnify, Put to
other uses, Eliminate, Reverse/Rearrange
 Brain Writing  Mind Mapping

 Random Word Techniques  Synectic

 Semantic intuition/ the perfect prefix (creative  Bionics(Studying organizational principles

from the social behaviour of organisms)
technique of random stimulation and
creative confrontation)
 Forced Relationship  Morphological box/sequential
morphology’s/Attribute Listing

 Walt-Disney Method  Lotus Blossom

 Six Thinking Hats  TRIZ - Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

 Delphi Method  SIT - Systematic Inventive Thinking

• It is a group activity technique

Brainstorming
• Brainstorming is, so to speak, the mother of all • It is designed to generate lots of ideas for
solution of a problem.
creativity techniques (linguistically from:"
using the brain to storm the problem). Ideas
about a question a solution to a problem • It is a commonly used tool by academicians,
should be Express spontaneously in a group researchers, and business teams.

• The Value of brainstorming is not the ideas

generated; it is the shared value/evaluation
context created.

3
 12-12-2022

Rules of brainstorming Tips for how to brainstorm

• Take sufficient time to clarify define the problem or
• No criticism: Each criticism a rating is postponed to a subsequent face question in advance .
the so-called killer phrases must be strictly prohibited.
• The problem should be challenging to motivate .
• No copyright: The ideas of others can and should be taken up, changed,
and further developed.
• The question should be focus and not to abstract (what not
• Free expression of ideas: The participant should give free rein to their too specific or even imply a solution) .
imagination so that new and original ideas can be found. You are the
craziest ideas are welcome . • it should be customer- oriented question that is actively
formulated.
• Quantity over quality: As many as possible should be produced in a
short back. This rule insurance the spontaneity of the ideas presented.
• The question can also be communicated in advance with
So, these rules should be written on the flip chart and visible to everyone
the invitation and is asked to already think about possible
doing the brainstorming session solution Idea as a kind of homework

• The group size should lie between two and • Use "yes" and instead of "yes, But.... In the
almost 12 persons Ideally 5 to 8 introduction.

• Number of Ideas
• In case of heterogeneous group of participants
who do not know yet know each other well, so • Build on ideas of others and jump from Idea to
organizer should insert a warmup phase Idea
before hand . • Only one speak.

• Always structure a creativity workshop with • always encourage the active participation of all
Fixed time phases. This means that the participants. The person should be informed
brainstorming sessions must be limited in time at a fixed time what has become their idea

Few tips on how to guarantee you

Trigger-Questions for brainstorming
destroy a brainstorming session
1. How might we...? Technique:
• The boss talks first and sets the goal and the This is a similar questioning technique to the user story
requirements. How could we (how might we) _______(product service
offer)
For (persona)______________ develop/ offer/ create
• The contributions should be given in a sequence. under the following conditions_________ (problems, legal
regulations, environmental conditions changes) .
• Only experts can submit ideas.
2. Yes and- technique:
It must Not be started to comment with "yes, but".... But it
• No silly ideas are allowed.
only with "Yes, and.". This should support the ideas put
forward by others in the sense of constructive feedback
• Everything is written down and further develop them.

4
 12-12-2022

3. What- if- technique: Variants of brainstorming

With the question" what if we..."(what-if) is to
be put into another person/ company) when 1. Step by step brainstorming:
finding a solution. After a first printing session, the most interesting
idea is used as a starting point for another
brainstorming session. This allows you to find ideas
from a general solution to a special one .
4. Why- how laddering approach:
The questions why and how are asking 2. Anonymous brainstorming:
alternately. With why questions the reason for The idea written by the participant in block letters
the problem should be summarized and on a card called brain cards. A moderator reads the
recapitulated with the subsequent how anonymous ideas aloud and, on this basis, they are
question. With how you get detailed answers brainstorm further or ideas are clustered and
evaluated

3. Visual brainstorming/ brain painting: 5. brain Walking:

The spontaneous ideas for the participants are
Recorded graphically with paper and pencil (or written on white board or posters distributed
digitally). Discrete sketch like images in the form throughout the room.
of spontaneous scribbles, which do not have to
be perfect, these can be abstract later. 6. Speed storming:
Participants exchange questions in pairs for a few
minutes and then change chairs to talk to another
4. Blind storming: person’s.
The brainstorming takes place using face mask or 7. Stop and go brainstorming:
in a complete darkness so the participants or not The brainstorming session is deliberated interrupted
distracted by visual stimuli or gestures /mimics of at a fixed time and filled with the passes are other
other participants techniques in the meantime. alternatively, phases of
Idea generation can be altered with the phases of
valuation

8.Body storming/ role storming: 11.Reverse Brainstorming:

During the brainstorming session the participants to take on a There is also talked of reverse brainstorming and only
certain role and Associate/ formulate their contributions/ ideas negative aspects are sought. Here the different aspects of
from the point of view. The roles can be specific customers/ user
who have been characterized by the persona technique. the question and problem can be considered. What is
currently bad about the situation? Why can't the problem
9. Brain station: be solved? What should go wrong?
Groups of participants work on different questions at different
stations (rooms without separate work areas) using
brainstorming. The participants change stations after fixed 12. Headstand method:
period . The question is completely reversible also speaks of the
headstand method. How can we make X worse? Make it
10. E-Brainstorming: as complicated as possible? Increase in price? To
Ideas are communicated electronically via chat/ instant discourage customers as much as possible? in the next
messaging systems so that people can participate at different
locations step all ideas can be turned back into positive

5
 12-12-2022

Brainstorming Techniques • 2. Nomınal Group Technıque:

• Participants are asked to write their ideas
anonymously.Then the moderator collects the
ideas and each is voted on by the group.
• 1.Freewrıtıng: • The best idea is chosen.
• Write down whatever comes into mind.
• Do not judge the quality of writing
• Do not worry about style, spelling, grammar, or
punctuation.
• When you have finished your writing and have
reached your goal,read back over the
text,decide the solution.

Group Passıng Technıque: Individual Braınstormıng:

• Each person in a circular group writes down • It typically includes such techniques as free writing, free
speaking, word association,and drawing a mind map .
one idea,and then passes the piece of paper Individual brainstorming is useful method in creative
wiriting
to the next person in a clockwise
direction,who adds some thoughts. Question Braınstormıng:
• This continues until everybody gets his or her • This process involves brainstorming the questions,rather
than trying to come up with immediate answers and short
original piece of paper back.By this term solutions
time,participants will have examined each • Six Key Questions
• Who?
idea in detail • What?
• When?
• Where?
• How?
• Why?

Methods and tools of idea Generation  Brainstorming Brainstorming is listing creative ideas spontaneously
without too much thinking about their quality

Techniques  Brain Dump If the participants are hesitant to share their ideas in
front of other people, then brain dump technique is
used.
• Brainstorming Instead of telling their ideas, brainstorming
participants individually write down their ideas on
stick notes
 Reverse Brainstorming If participants have difficulty generating creative

• Brain Dump ideas, design thinking teams can apply the reverse
brain storming technique. It aims to approach the
problem in a reversed way
 Benchmarking Technique Design Thinking teams should focus designing not
only functional and usable solutions but also
• Reverse Brainstorming desirable solution.
Whether it is a product, service, space, or an art
piece, desirability is the “Gotta Have it Impact” That
an object has on the person who confronts it.
• Benchmarking Technique  Prioritization Technique It is not possible to convert all the ideas into
prototypes and test their effectiveness in solving the
design challenge. Therefore, brainstorming session,

• Prioritization Technique Design Thinking teams should organize assessment

sessions and apply convergent Thinking to prioritize
and select which solution ideas to prototype with
prioritization technique.

6
 12-12-2022

Idea Generation Skills Skill Needed in 21st Century

The effective of brainstorming sessions largely depend on the design thinking
teams creativity and its ability to Improvise and think out of box. Critical Thinking and
problem solving

21st Century Skills

Improvisation: Creativity and
• Improvisation is the act of generating creative solutions for problems on innovation
the fly without a lot of upfront preparation.
• Improvisation skills can be best be improved by being involved in artful Collaboration
thinking activities, such as creative drama.
Decision-making
and learning
Thinking out of Box.
• To generate creative ideas during brainstorming sessions, design Thinking ICT and Digital
teams should be able to think OUT OF BOX literacy

• As Albert Einstein Said, “The problems that exist in the world now cannot
Comminication
be solve by the level of thinking that created them”

Disadvantages of Brainstorming
Advantages of Brainstorming
• Requires an experienced and sensitive Facilitator
who understands the social psychology of small
• Many Ideas can be generated in a short time. groups.

• Requires a dedication to quantity rather than

• Requires few material Resources. quality.

• The results can be used immediately of for • Shy people can have difficult in participating.
possible use in other projects.
• May not be appropriate for some business or
international cultures.

7
 12-12-2022

Edward de Bono’s
SIX THINKING HATS Agenda
 Dr. Edward de Bono
 Traditional Thinking
 What is Parallel Thinking?
 Traditional Thinking vs. Parallel Thinking
 What is Lateral Thinking?
 Introduction to Six Thinking Hats method
 How to apply Six Thinking Hats method
 Benefits of Six Thinking Hats method
 Six Thinking Hats method – Case Studies
 Six Thinking Hats method – A Mock Session
 Questions & Answers

1 2

Dr. Edward de Bono Traditional Thinking

 Traditional thinking is 2400 years old, based on the
philosophies of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
 Born in Malta in 1933 – Socrates used to point out ‘what was wrong’ to clarify the concepts
 M.D., Ph.D., (medicine & psychology) – Plato believed that we can see only shadows of truth as we go
through life
 Faculty at the universities of Oxford, London, – Aristotle believed that people would put together different ‘boxes’ in
Cambridge and Harvard their mind based on their experience & judge things into one of
those boxes
 World-renowned consultant to business, – So, traditional thinking is concerned with “what is” which is
governments, schools and industry determined by analysis, judgment & argument. It is not constructive
or creative and doesn’t involve design.
 Author of 62 books in 47 languages
 It is also called ‘argument’, ‘adversarial’, or ‘western’
 Originator of the following: thinking
– Direct teaching of thinking as a skill (CoRT –
Cognitive Research Trust - Thinking
 Partial exploration of subject / problem
Programme)  Involves analysis, judgment and argument
– Lateral Thinking (1967)  There is no focus and thinks about too many aspects /
– Parallel Thinking (1985) things at a time
– Six Thinking Hats (1985)  Traditional thinking is not collaborative or cooperative
3 4

What is Parallel Thinking? Traditional vs Parallel Thinking

Traditional Thinking Parallel Thinking

 Also called ‘argument’,  First published by Edward de

Team Members

‘adversarial’, or ‘western’ Bono in 1985

thinking  Full exploration of subject /
problem
 2400 years old – based on
Focus
philosophies of Socrates, Plato  Concerned with ‘what can
be’
Team Members problem being
Team Members
discussed)

and Aristotle
 Involves constructive
 Partial exploration of subject / thinking, creative thinking
problem and ‘designing a way
 Concerned with ‘what is’ forward’.
Deals with only one aspect /
Team Members Team Members

 Involves analysis, judgment 

 All members look in the same direction at any and argument
thing at a time
moment  Thinks about too many aspects
/ things at a time
 Direction changes one after other
A
 All views are put down in parallel
B
5 6

1
 12-12-2022

What is Lateral Thinking? What is Lateral Thinking? (contd..)

 Lateral Thinking means thinking differently or thinking  Puzzle 4: A man lives on the tenth floor of a building. Every day he takes the
elevator to go down to the ground floor to go to work. When he returns he takes the
out of the box. elevator to the 7th floor and walks up the stairs to reach his apartment on the 10th
floor. He hates walking so why does he do it? Clue: on rainy days he goes up in the
See the popular lateral thinking puzzles below: elevator to the tenth floor.
 Puzzle 1: Three switches outside a windowless room are connected to three light Answer: The man is dwarf and can only reach the button for the 7th floor. On rainy
bulbs inside the room. How can you determine which switch is connected to which days he uses his umbrella!
bulb if you may enter the room only once?
 Puzzle 5: A landlord is threatening to evict a father and his beautiful young
Answer: Switch one light on for a minute; turn it off and turn another on. Go into the
daughter, unless she agrees to marry him. In a false gesture of sincerity, he offers
room and feel the off bulbs. The warm bulb is connected to the first switch, the on-
her an opportunity for her and her father to remain in the house, without marrying
bulb is connected to the second and the cold bulb is connected to the third switch.
him. He has a silk bag in which he says he has placed a white and a black stone
 Puzzle 2: A man is replacing a wheel on his car, when he accidentally drops the from the footpath on which they're standing. If she picks the white stone from the
four nuts used to hold the wheel on the car, and they fall into a deep drain, bag, without looking, she wins; if she picks the black, she loses. However, the
irretrievably lost. A passing girl offers him a solution which enables him to drive young girl saw him place two black stones in the bag. She can't expose him in front
home. What is it? of the witnesses without angering him and making things worse. How does the
Answer: Use one nut from each of the other three wheels. clever girl win?
Answer: She withdraws a stone and instantly drops it into those on the ground and
 Puzzle 3: A truck is stuck at a road under a bridge. It's just a couple of inches too
is lost. To know what color it was, they must look at the stones remaining in the
high to pass under. Any other route, avoiding the bridge would add a couple of
bag.
hours to the journey. A young boy comes along and again saves the day. How?
Answer: Let air out of the tires till the truck is low enough.
7 8

Introduction to Six Thinking Hats Introduction to Six Thinking Hats

 A method for effective team meetings, problem  Can be used by businessmen,
solving, decision making and proposal/design
evaluation
professionals, teachers, students,
 A method based on the concept of parallel children or individuals.
thinking  There are six different color imaginary
 Can be used in businesses, schools and hats that you can put on or take off.
families for resolving issues and making
decisions  Hats help a group to use parallel thinking
 Major organizations using Six Thinking Hats  Color of hat identifies the type or direction
are: NASA, IBM, ABB, Siemens, Microsoft, of thinking
British Airways, BP, Statoil, NTT, Federal
Express, Polaroid, Pepsico, DuPont, Prudential  The main idea is to have the group “wear
Insurance etc.
9
only one hat at a time” 10

Six Thinking Hats White Hat Thinking

Hat Color Represents Function of Hat  Neutral, objective information
 Facts & figures
Neutral, Objective Objective Facts & Figures
 Two tiers of facts - Believed Facts & Checked Facts
 Excludes ones own opinions, hunches, judgments
Emotional, Angry Emotions & Feelings  Removes feelings & impressions
 Report of opinion of someone else
Serious, Sombre Cautious & Careful Questions to be asked & answered under White hat:
 What information / facts do we know?
Sunny, Positive Optimistic, Hope & Positive Thinking  What information is missing?
 What information / facts would we like to have?
Growth, Fertility Creativity, Ideas & Lateral Thinking  How are we going to get the information?
 What is relevant?
 What is most important?
Cool, Sky Above Control & Organization of Thinking
 How valid is this?
11 12

2
 12-12-2022

Red Hat Thinking Black Hat Thinking

 Emotions & feelings influence thinking & red hat acknowledges  Cautious and careful
this fact  Logical negative – why it won’t work?
 Emotions come in three ways:  Critical judgment, pessimistic view
– Background emotions such as fear, anger, hatred, love etc. Separates logical negative from emotional

– Initial perceptions (eg. having insulted by someone etc.)
– Emotions after a map of situations has been put together  Focus on errors, evidence, conclusions
 Hunches, intuitions, impressions  Worst-case scenarios
 Doesn’t have to be logical or consistent Questions to be asked & answered under Black hat:
 No justifications, reasons or basis  Is this true?
Questions to be asked & answered under Red hat:  Will it work? Why it won’t work?
 How do I feel about this right now?  What are the weaknesses?
 How cold or warm do I feel about this?  What is wrong with it?
 How am I reacting to this?

13 14

Yellow Hat Thinking Green Hat Thinking

 Positive & speculative  New ideas, concepts, perceptions
 Positive thinking, optimism, opportunity Deliberate creation of new ideas

 Benefits
 Alternatives and more alternatives
 Best-case scenarios
 New approaches to problems
Questions to be asked & answered under Yellow hat:
 Creative & lateral thinking
 What are the good points?
What are the benefits? Questions to be asked & answered under Green hat:

 Why will this idea work?  What are some possible ways to work this out?
 Why is this worth doing?  What are some other ways to solve the problem?
 How will it help us?
 Why can it be done?

15 16

The Blue Hat Open with the blue hat…

 Blue hat is unique as it thinks about thinking
 Control or organization of thinking process  Why are we here?
 Thinking sessions usually begin & end with blue hat  What are we thinking about?
 Normally, session leader uses blue hat  Definition of the situation or problem
 The background to the thinking
 Instructions for thinking
 Controls the sequence or use of other hats  What we want to achieve?
 Brings in discipline and focus  Where we want to end up?
 A plan for the sequence of hats
 Time for each hat session and time allowed for
each individual

17 18

3
 12-12-2022

…and close with the blue hat Hats Summary

 What have we achieved?

 What decision have we reached?
 What do we do next?
 Summarizes the following:
– Outcome
– Conclusion
– Design
– Solution
– Next steps

19 20

Using the Hats Hat Sequence - Evaluation

 Use blue hat at the beginning and end
 Blue hat is usually worn by the facilitator To discover the positive aspects and negative aspects
of an idea:
 Use any hat, as often as needed
 Hats can be used singly at any point or as a sequence
 Open with the blue hat.
of two, three, four or more hats
 Use the yellow hat before the black hat.
 Sequence can be preset or evolving
 Then, follow up with the green hat (new ideas) and
 Not necessary to use every hat red hat (feelings) thinking.
 Time under each hat: generally, short  Close with the blue hat.
 Requires discipline from each person to stay focused
 Adds an element of play Examples:
 Can be used by individuals and groups  Consider positive and negative aspects of having a weekly
technical seminar.
 Evaluate different alternative technologies for developing a
21 software system 22

Hat Sequence - Caution Hat Sequence - Design

To look at situations critically: To create new ideas, products or improvements to
existing design:
 Open with the blue hat.
 First consider facts using the white hat.  Open with the blue hat.
 Then, use the black hat to discover difficulties.  Then, use the green hat to generate new ideas &
 Follow up with some red hat (feelings) thinking. designs.
 Close with the blue hat.  Follow up with some red hat (feelings) thinking.
 Close with the blue hat.
Example: Consider the consequences of project
leader’s resignation in the middle of the project. Example: Brainstorm to generate new ideas for
marketing our products and increase sales.

23 24

4
 12-12-2022

Hat Sequence – Others Facilitator’s Role

 Comparing fact and opinion - Blue+White+Red+Blue

 Comparing and synthesising (coming up with new ideas from the known)
- Blue+White+Yellow+Black+Green+Blue
 Define the focus of your thinking
 Plan the sequence and timing of the thinking
 Choosing between alternatives – Blue+White+Yellow +Black+ (Green) +
Red+Blue  Ask for changes in the thinking if needed
 Identifying Solutions – Blue+White+Black+Green+Blue
 Handle requests from the group for changes in the
thinking
 Quick Feedback – Blue+Yellow+Black+Green+Blue  Form periodic or final summaries of the thinking
 Strategic Planning – Blue+Yellow+Black+White+Blue+Green+Blue

 Process Improvement – Blue+White+White (Other peoples views)+

Yellow+Black+Green+Red+Blue

 Performance Review – Blue+Red+White+Yellow+Black+Green+

Red+Blue

25 26

Participant’s Role Benefits of Six Thinking Hats Method

 Follow the lead of Six Thinking Hats facilitator  Decisions seem to make themselves
 Stick to the hat (type of thinking) that is in current use  Focused thinking
 Improved exploration
 Try to work within the time limits
 Improved creativity & innovation
 Contribute honestly & fully under each of the hats  Foster collaborative thinking
 Provides a common language
 Helps people work against type, preference
 Removal of ego from decisions (reduce confrontation)
 Allows a switch in thinking without threatening ego.
 Saves time

27 28

Six Thinking Hats – Case Study I Six Thinking Hats – Case Study I Contd..
Scenario: Red Hats:
 The Technopark management is looking at whether they should  Feel that the design of the new building would be very attractive
construct a new building. The amount of available vacant office and modern. Hence, the potential tenants may like it, though it may
space is coming down and economy is doing well. not be cost effective.
 As part of their decision making process, they decided to use the  There is a feeling that some of the companies in the old buildings
Six Thinking Hats during the meeting. & companies in incubation center might be attracted to the new
 Given below is just an example of what has come out of the building because of better facilities.
meeting:
 Prospects of business expansion & more employment
White Hats: opportunities may seem attractive to the government &
 Analysis of data on the trend of un-rented office space versus the management and they look forward to the project.
growth in demand, shows that by the time the building is
Black Hats:
completed there would be severe shortage of un-rented office
space with the increasing demand for office space.  Worry that the government projections may be wrong, and over
 Current government projections indicate solid and steady estimating the strength of the economy.
economic growth for some time.  Since the cost per square feet would be double the current cost, it
 Builder’s estimate shows that the square feet rate would be more may be difficult to rent out and therefore the company must be
than two times the prevailing rate in other buildings. prepared for this possibility.
29 30

5
 12-12-2022

Six Thinking Hats – Case Study I Contd.. Six Thinking Hats – Case Study I Contd..
Yellow Hats:
Blue Hats:
 If economy holds up and government projections are correct, we may
even achieve the 100% occupancy rate of the new building, and the  Needs to keep the meeting focused on the agenda. At the same
company stands to make a higher profit. time, there should be a balance between the company’s original
 If companies in old building & incubation center also move to the new objectives in proposing the new building and the possibility of
building as Red Hats feel, the company may even successfully sell enhancing the plan by considering the new business
the new building before the next economic downturn and make a opportunities that may be identified.
substantial capital gain.
Green Hats:  Must ensure that all members are able to contribute to the
 Old building spaces vacated by the companies moving to the new
discussions meaningfully without letting anyone dominate the
building could be renovated to look more trendy with some creative meeting.
alterations to the basic design and some additional facilities. This
would again attract companies to these old buildings with more
revenues because of renovation / additional facilities.
 Special discounted rates in new building could be offered to the
companies in old buildings & incubation center to motivate them to
move to the new building.
 Considering the increasing fitness awareness, propose to convert
some spaces vacated in the old building into a Health Club, which
would bring additional revenue. 31 32

Six Thinking Hats – A Mock Session

Scenario:
 Consider the acquisition of a state government owned R&D
organization by the Department of Electronics, Government of
India. Assume yourself in the role of a top-level executive of R&D
organization involved and give your yellow and black hat thinking

Q&A
(first yellow hat and then black hat) on the acquisition move.

33 34

THANK YOU

35

6
 12-12-2022

Bingo Selection
Design Thinking

Splitting Ideas

At some point in your ideation sessions,

• you’ll have reached a critical mass of ideas, and it will become unproductive
to attempt to keep pushing for more.
• This is different from the natural creative slumps that teams experience
throughout ideation sessions, and means it is a good point to stop and focus
on pruning.
• This is referred to as the ‘convergent stage’ where ideas are evaluated,  Hang onto those unused ideas, though; they may prove useful in future
compared, ranked, clustered and even ditched in an attempt to pull together a ideation sessions as stokers or idea triggers.
few great ideas to act on.  Right now, the aim is spotting potential winners, or combinations of
winning attributes, from a number of ideas.

Best practice: “DOT” Voting

How The Bingo Selection method inspires participants to divide
ideas:
The facilitator should encourage the participants to split ideas according to a
variety of form factors, such as their potential applications in:
 A physical prototype, a digital prototype, and an experience prototype.
 Ideation participants decide upon one or two ideas for each of these
categories.
 If you’re a relatively small team you simply discuss the pros and cons of the
chosen ideas.
 If you’re a large team you can mix this method with Post-it Voting (also
known as Dot Voting):

1
 12-12-2022

Post-it Voting: Object of Play

 In any good brainstorming session,
 Write all of the ideas which the participants have chosen on individual Post-
there will come a time when there
its.
are too many good ideas, too many
 Then you give all participants a number of votes (around three to four should
concepts, and too many possibilities
do) to choose and write down their personal favourite ideas.
to proceed.
 Participants vote by using stickers or simply using a marker to make a dot on
 When this time has come, dot voting
the ideas they like.
is one of the simplest ways to
 This process allows every member to have an equal say in the shortlisted
prioritize and converge upon an
ideas.
agreed solution.
 You can also use variations in colour in order to let participants vote on which
ideas they like the most or which they dislike the most.

Number of Players: At least 3 participants; in larger How to Play

First, the group needs a set of things to vote on!
groups, tallying votes will be more time-consuming
• This may be something they have just developed, such as a wall of sticky notes, or it may be a
Duration of Play: Short
flip-chart list that captures the ideas in one place.

• Ask the group to cast their votes by placing a dot next to the items they feel the most strongly

about.

• They may use stickers or markers to do this.

• As a rule of thumb, giving each participant five votes to cast works well.

2
 12-12-2022

• Participants cast their votes all at once and they may vote more than once for
a single item if they feel strongly about it.
• Once all the votes are cast, tally them, and if necessary make a list of the
items by their new rank.
• This prioritized list becomes the subject of discussion and decision making.
• In some cases, it may be useful to reflect on ideas that didn’t receive votes to
verify that they haven’t been left behind without cause.