Surah al-Fil (The Elephant) This surah is revealed in Mecca, It contains 5 verses and its number is 105. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Translation: 1) Have you not seen how your Lord dealt with the people of the Elephant? 2) Has He not turned their plan into nullity? 3) And @ sent upon them flying birds in flocks, 4) throwing upon them stones of baked clay, 5) and thus He turned them into an eaten up chaff. Explanation (Commentary): This Surah refers to the story of the People of the Elephant who came with an army of elephants for the purpose of destroying the house of Allah in Mecca. But their plan backfired and the Divine scourge overtook them. Allah destroyed the army with a flock of ordinary birds. This event took place in the very year in which the holy Prophet was born at Mecca, according to some traditions and the pop among the historians. The scholars of Hadith have taken this ev special type of Mujiza (miracle) of the Holy Prophet. At that time Abrah was the commander of the abyssiniat he built a church in his'area. The purpose was to al Yemen to make a pilgrimage to this church instead of Kas proclaimed throughout his Kingdom that no one should e\ in Mecca and that the pilgrimage should from now on so-called Kaaba in yemen. Although the Arabs were ido love and reverence for the religion of prophet Ibi permeated their hearts. As a result Arab ent proclamation. One night someone entered the | nomadic tribe halted near the church and but due to the wind the Church caught on fi When Abrah came to know that a Q march to the House of Mecca and diand powerful army with elephants. Their intention was to use this huge elephant to demolish the Kabah. On his way, Abrah fought a war with some Arab tribes and defeated them. When they reached Al Maghmas near Mecca they settled there. They capture the camels and other grazing animals of the Meccan, in which about 200 camels of Abdul Muttalib grandfather of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the leader of the Quraish. Abdul Muttalib went to Abrah to bring back his camels. When Abraha saw him he was highly impressed due to his charming and attractive personality. Abraha said to his interpreter to ask him: what do you need? Abdul Muttalib replied to the interpreter: | want the king to give back my 200 camels which his soldiers have taken from me. Then Abraha told him when | first set my eyes on you,! admire you greatly and had great respect for you. But all that is now lost. You speak only of your 200 camels while you fully well know that | have come to tear down your Kabah which is the embodiment of yo religion and the religion of your forefathers.You did not even say a ! word to persuade me to spare it. Abdul Muttalib calmly replied: | a owner of my camels and am concerned about them. | am not th Allah's house. The Master of the House knows how best to protect His H rudely answered: Your God cannot protect it from me. Abdul IV a rejoinder: Then do as you like or take your chance! A his camels and went back home, ordering his people to seek shelter at the top of the mountains. He feared that a committed by the army against them.Then he went with a1 Quraish to the Kabah and prayed to Allah to give them and his army. He earnestly implord: we have no \ of Abraha. So,O my Lord! Defend your Kabah. the neighboring mountains, because they scourge would overtake Abraha and his ai spoke to Abraha about their camels and no When the next morning dawned, Abra of Makkah. He turned his elephant n elephant driver exerted all efforts to |but their efforts were in vain. They beat it on its head with axes and use hooked staff to pull it out of its resistance and make it stand, but it refused. So they turned it towards Yemen and Syria. It rose and walked quickly. Then they turned it towards Makkah, it knelt and sat down.This was one aspect of the manifestation of the Divine power unfolding itself miraculously. On the other hand Allah sent some flocks of birds when it fell on anything it tore directly through the body and settled deep in the ground. Seeing this scourge,the elephant fled in panic, except one which was harmed and destroyed by the pebble. Not all of Abraham's men were destroyed instantly. As Allah had wiiled that the most distressful scourge should be inflicted upon Abraha, he did not allow him to die immedi: kind of poison spread throughout his entire body and caused ever Part to decay- his limbs began to rot. and separate from the rest of and he started losing one finger after another. After reaching body was broken down limb by limb until he eventually died. Mahmood's drivers remained in Makkah but both of them be paralyzed. The people of elephants is a momentous event which was witnessed by hundreds of Arabs. It is to historical incident that this surah refers.Surah Quraish This surah was revealed in Mecca. It contains four verses and its number is 106. In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. Translation: 1) Because of the familiarity of the Quraish, 2) thatis, their familiarity with the trips of winter and summer, 3) they must worship the Lord of this house, 4 who gave them food against hunger and gave them security against fear. Explanation: All mufassir concur that the subject-matter of the two Surah is so closely related that in some of the copies of the Quran they had been written’ single Surah without the insertion of Bismillah between them. But Hazrat Usman(R) compiled a standard copy of the Holy Quran consensus of all the companions of the Holy Prophet (PB separated these two Surah and inserted Bismillah between them. — The particle li is a preposition. According to the rules of Arabic should be linked with another sentence. Keeping in view the of the present Surah with the previous one, some of them have us! the following sentence should be taken as understo destroyed the ‘people of the elephant’ so that the Qt familiar with two commercial trips during winter and any obstacle in their trips,and by this trading a certain prestige for them and respect them. The Surah draws attention to the fact that the Qur trade journeys- one in winter to Yemen and anc These trade- journeys made them wealthy abecause Allah annihilated their enemies, the people of the elephant, in an exemplary way and created in the hearts of people an awesome and reverence for them. People held them in high esteem, respect and honor in all the territories where they went. Superiority of the Quraish: This Surah indicates that the Quraish, of all the Tribes of Arabia, wos most acceptable in the sight of Allah. The Prophet is reported to have said: verily, Allah selected kinanah from the offspring of prophet Ismail and selected Quraish from the progeny of the Kinanah. From the Quraish, Allah selected Banu Hashim and from Banu Hashim He selected me. ‘Surah Al-Ma'un This Surah was revealed in Mecca. It contains 7 verses and its number is 107 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful, Translation: 1) Have you seen him who denies the Requital? 2) So he is the same who pushes away the orphan. 3) And do not persuade (others) to feed the needy. 4) So,woe to those performers of salah 5) who are neglectful of their Salah, 6) who do good only to show off, 7) And refuse to give even the neighborly needs. Explanation: This Surah denounces some of the evil actions of the Pagans and the hypocrites, and it holds out a threat of destruction to those who commit them. If these evil actions are committed by believersp who do not reject the true faith, they are still heinous and gravely sinful, but the threat of chastisement made in this Surah does not apply to them. Therefore 107:1 as a preamble,makes plain that the person who performs these evil deeds is one who cries lies to the Doom and does the warning of punishment mentioned in this Surah is for those who deny the religion and the day of judgment. The verse contains subtle indication that the Moral sins condemned in this Surah are far too inconceivable from a believer ;only a non believer or hypocrite would commit them. The morally bad and sinful deeds mentioned here are: 1 Oppressing and insulting orphan, and being unkind to ‘hem;Seen ~ means, failing to feed the poor or failing to urged others 3 praying in public only, not in private, only to show the people; 4 failing to pay the zakat obligatory alms. These actions are intrinsically bad and gravely Sinful, but their commissi°9 in the wake of kufr.disbelief and takdhib rejection are even mor: sggrav"ting, because they attract eternal perdition, which in the sug’ 5 described as wail heavy calamity or destruction. Verses 107:4-6 describe the characteristics of the hypocrite whe used to perform the Salah only to make a display of them to !ie peop'e and prove that their claim of being sincere Muslim is true. As they do believe in the obligatory nature of the prayers, they are »ot 3 them, and they do not observe the prescrib time: carelessly at the 11th hour completely o them only when they must to make a ¢ have no place in their lives. Verse 100 and 107: 7 the w petty household articles of pot, Salt and fire etc which a one another.SURAH AL KAUTHAR This Surah was revealed in Mecca. It contains 3 verses ar is 108 In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Translation: 1 Surely we have given you Kausar (river in paradise). 2 So, offer salah (prayer) to your Lord and sacrifice. 3 Surely, it is your enemy whose traces are cut off. Explanations: Cause of Revelation: It is reported by Ibn Abi Hatim and by Baihaqi that the © rabs used to taunt and revile people who have lost their male child They used to refer to such a person as a ‘abtar’ meaning having no male child. In keeping with this social evil,when the young son of the Holy Prophet namely Qasim passed away, some leader of Quresh specially as Ibn Wail started taunting the Holy Prophet telling the peop! ‘na! they no longer need to bother about him, because he had no sons to coyon his name and that he would be forgotten after his deat) he i= *btar’ that is, his lineage is cut off. On this occasion the Surah was r~ aled. Surah Al Kausar gives an answer to the taunts of the ur >cliev->. and maintains that there is no justification for calling the 1!» Pr> vet an ‘Abtar’ only because he had no male child alive not om = bo"> 2° his lineage offspring will remain till the Day of Judgemey © from his daughters, but he was destined to be the spirl) | fo xe ofa multitude of sons in all ages to the end of time, sons v 19 wre to be far more faithful, obedient and loving than the sons of —y {> », and they will outnumber the followers of all the Prophets t a ofore him.The River or Fountain of Kausar Verse 108:1 The word Al Kausar literally means abu { coo'ness that Allah gave to the Holy Prophet. Therefore Mujahi er ret that it is the abundant goodness of this world as well as of» "xt world. This explanation includes the river in paradise and © °F hings as well. Hazrat Anas (R) said that when we were with the Mes 97°" of Allah in the mosque, he went into some kind of slumber or dizziness. Then he lifted his head smiling. We asked: O Messenger of Allah! ‘Vh-t has caused you to smile? He replied: A Surah has just been 1 renied to me. Then he recited Bismillah and Surah Kausar.The ha esked: ‘Do you know what al Kausar is?’ we replied: Allah and His | s°-nger know best, He said: It is a river that my Lord, the Mighty and 2 ostic, has promised me and it has abundant goodness. le ts a for ntain where my Ummah will come on the Day of Judgement jks containers are like the stars in the sky. Then a servant of Allah fren among | will be prevented from it and | will say:O Lord! verily, bis fro ummah followers. Then Allah will say: ‘you do no! kp + introduced or innovated after you.’ Z This Surah tells him that he has b completely dismisses the reproach of does not stop here in this world, continue till the day of Gathering. His will out number the Ummahs of the pre enjoy greatest respect and honor.SURAH AL KAFIRUN ; This Surah was revealed in Mecca. It contains 6 verses and its number is 109 In the name Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Translation: 1 Say, O disbelievers, 21 do not worship that which you worship, 3 Nor do you worship the One whom | worship. 4 And neither | am going to worship that which you have 5 No, you will worship the One whom | worship. 6 For you is your faith, and for me, my faith. Explanation: Once a group of pagans from the tribe of Quresh sugg Holy Prophet(S.A.W) that they are prepared to worship hi with the co-gods they already worshiped. Similarly he st their co-gods along with Allah, and thus a common gro created between them. The present Surah was revealed suggestions, and it was declared that no compromise the basis of accepting a false notion. It is also to worship Allah is no more than a deceitful worship actually means that He should be of all others. This is the sense con worship the one whom | worship. Allah, but as they joined the fall deiti recognised as ‘Allah's worship’,Verses 2 and 3 speak of present position, while verses 4 and 5 declare that the position will remain the same for all times to come in future, because their formula is not acceptable at all. This is not a license given to them to continue with their false faith. Instead, it is an expression to reject their suggestion, which means that such a compromise being unacceptable, you are responsible for what you do while | am responsible for what | do.