ASJAFJYTKASSSAAOIKJMHGFFTGYUIUYTRFVBNMJHGFYUYUJRTHRUYJFGNBFGXZSG
B134RTJKUKYJTHRGHKJUHAi doues arding is a term of the trafficking and unauthorized
[1]
use of credit cards. The stolen credit cards or credit card numbers are then used to
[2]
buy prepaid gift cards to cover up the tracks. Activities also encompass exploitation of
[3] [4]
personal data, and money laundering techniques. Modern carding sites have been
[5]
described as full-service commercial entities.
Acquisition[edit]
For gift card fraud, retailers are prone to be exploited by fraudsters in their attempts to steal gift
cards via bot technology or through stolen credit card information.[42] In the context of [43]
fraud, using stolen credit card data to purchase gift cards is becoming an increasingly common
money laundering tactic. Another way gift card fraud occurs is when a retailer's online systems
which store gift card data undergo brute force attacks from automated bots.
Tax refund fraud is an increasingly popular method of using identify theft to acquire prepaid
cards ready for immediate cash out.[4][44] Popular coupons may be counterfeited and sold
also.[45]
Personal information and even medical records are sometimes available.[21] Theft and gift card
fraud may operated entirely independently of online carding operations.[46]
Cashing out in gift cards is very common as well, as "discounted gift cards" can be found for
sale anywhere, making it an easy sale for a carder, and a very lucrative operation.[47]
There are a great many of methods to acquire credit card and associated financial and
personal data. The earliest known carding methods have also included "trashing" for
[6][7][dubious – discuss]
financial data, raiding mail boxes and working with insiders. Some
bank card numbers can be semi-automatically generated based on known sequences
[8]
via a "BIN attack". Carders might attempt a "distributed guessing attack" to discover
valid numbers by submitting numbers across a high number of ecommerce sites
[9]
simultaneously.
Today, various methodologies include skimmers at ATMs, hacking or web skimming an
ecommerce or payment processing site or even intercepting card data within a point of
[10]
sale network. Randomly calling hotel room phones asking guests to "confirm" credit
[11]
card details is example of a social engineering attack vector.
Resale[edit]
A management interface from the AlphaBay darknet market
Stolen data may be bundled as a "Base" or "First-hand base" if the seller participated in
the theft themselves. Resellers may buy "packs" of dumps from multiple sources.
Ultimately, the data may be sold on darknet markets and other carding sites and
[12] [13][14]
forums specialising in these types of illegal goods. Teenagers have gotten
[15]
involved in fraud such as using card details to order pizzas.
On the more sophisticated of such sites, individual "dumps" may be purchased by zip
[16]
code and country so as to avoid alerting banks about their misuse. Automatic
checker services perform validation en masse in order to quickly check if a card has yet
to be blocked. Sellers will advertise their dump's "valid rate", based on estimates or
checker data. Cards with a greater than 90% valid rate command higher prices. "Cobs"
or changes of billing are highly valued, where sufficient information is captured to allow
redirection of the registered card's billing and shipping addresses to one under the
[17]
carder's control.
Full identity information may be sold as "Fullz" inclusive of social security number, date
[18][19]
of birth and address to perform more lucrative identity theft.
Fraudulent vendors are referred to as "rippers", vendors who take buyer's money then
never deliver. This is increasingly mitigated via forum and store based feedback
[20]
systems as well as through strict site invitation and referral policies.
[21]
Estimated per card prices, in US$, for stolen payment card data 2015
Payment Card United United Canada Australi European
Number With ccs States Kingdom a Union
Software-generated $5–8 $20–$25 $20–$2 $21–$25 $25–$30
5
With Bank ID $15 $25 $25 $25 $30
Number
With Date of Birth $15 $30 $30 $30 $35
With prosinfo $30 $35 $40 $40 $45
Cash out[edit]
Funds from stolen cards themselves may be cashed out via buying pre-paid cards, gift
cards or through reshipping goods through mules then e-fencing through online
[22][23]
marketplaces like eBay. Increased law enforcement scrutiny over reshipping
services has led to the rise of dedicated criminal operations for reshipping stolen
[24][4]
goods.
Hacked computers may be configured with SOCKS proxy software to optimise
[25][26][27][28]
acceptance from payment processors.
Money laundering[edit]
The 2004 investigation into the ShadowCrew forum also led to investigations of the
online payment service E-gold that had been launched in 1996, one of the preferred
money transfer systems of carders at the time. In December 2005 its owner Douglas
Jackson's house and businesses were raided as a part of "Operation Goldwire".
Jackson discovered that the service had become a bank and transfer system to the
criminal underworld. Pressured to disclose ongoing records disclosed to law
enforcement, many arrests were made through to 2007. However, in April 2007 Jackson
himself was indicted for money laundering, conspiracy and operating an unlicensed
money transmitting business. This led to the service freezing the assets of users in
[29]
"high risk" countries and coming under more traditional financial regulation.
Since 2006, Liberty Reserve had become a popular service for cybercriminals. When it
was seized in May 2013 by the US government, this caused a major disruption to the
[30]
cybercrime ecosystem.
Today, some carders prefer to make payment between themselves with
[31][32][better source needed][failed verification]
bitcoin, as well as traditional wire services such
[33][34][failed verification]
as Western Union, MoneyGram or the Russian WebMoney service.
Related services[edit]
Many forums also provide related computer crime services such as phishing kits,
[35]
malware and spam lists. They may also act as a distribution point for the latest fraud
[36]
tutorials either for free or commercially. ICQ was at one point the instant messenger
[37]
of choice due to its anonymity as well as MSN clients modified to use PGP. Carding
related sites may be hosted on botnet based fast flux web hosting for resilience against
[38]
law enforcement action.
[39] [40]
Other account types like PayPal, Uber, Netflix and loyalty card points may be sold
[41]
alongside card details. Logins to many sites may also be sold as a backdoor access
apparently for major institutions such as banks, universities and even industrial control
[21]
systems.
