Journal of Science and Technology

ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 1 (January2023)

www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i01.pp01-05

ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AROUND SOLID

WASTE DUMPING YARD, AMRAVATI, VIDARBHA REGION, INDIA
Kirtidhvaj. J. Gawai1 and S. K. Gudadhe2*
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Shri. Shivaji Science College, Amravati
(MS), India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science, Dr. Khatri Mahavidyalaya, Tukum,
Chandrapur (MS), India
* Corresponding author: swapnil.k.gudadhe@gmail.com

To Cite this Article

Kirtidhvaj. J. Gawai and S. K. Gudadhe “ “ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY AROUND SOLID WASTE
DUMPING YARD, AMRAVATI, VIDARBHA REGION, INDIA ””, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 08, Issue 1-
January 2023, pp01-5

Article Info
Received: 19-1-2023 Revised: 17-1-2023 Accepted: 20-1-2023 Published: 3-2-2023

ABSTRACT:
Water is one of the abundantly available substance in nature. It is essential constituent of all animal
and vegetable matter and forms about 75% of the matter of Earth's Crust. The present research
work is based on assessment of ground water quality around solid waste dumping yard in Amravati,
Vidarbha region of India. In this work ground water quality assessment was done with the help of
physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity,
total alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, sulphate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and
fluoride. The all parameters are analysed with the help of NEERI standards water and waste water
manual methods and obtained results ware compared with BIS and WHO standards. The results
shows that the quality of underground water around solids waste dumping yards villages are not so
good and not for suitable to directly drinking purpose. It is caused due to water percolated through
solid waste dumping area and it contaminated the ground water. The treatment of ground water is
essential in the study area.

Keywords: Assessment, Ground Water, Solid Waste Dumping Yard, Amravati

INTRODUCTION:
Water also an essential ingredient of animal and plant life. Water is distributed in nature in different
forms, such as rain water, river water, spring water and mineral water. Water is mostly used for
industrial and municipal purposes. In India once waste has been collected, the majority of MSW is
sent to unsanitary landfills or open dumps where waste is disposed of and bulldozed over or cover
with debris. (Abazeri Mariam, 2014). Over 98% of the fresh water on the lies below its surface. The
remaining 2% is what we see in lakes, rivers, streams and reservoirs. Of the fresh water below the
surface, about 90% satisfies the description of ground water, that is, water which occurs in saturated
materials below the water table. About 2% water occurs as soil moisture in the unsaturated zone
above the water table and is essential for plant growth. Ground water acts as reservoir by virtue of
large pore space in earth materials, as a conduit which can transport water over long distances and
Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 1
Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 1 (January2023)
www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i01.pp01-05
as a mechanical filter which improves water quality by removing suspended solids and bacterial
contamination. it is the source of water for wells and springs, that is the recommended source of
rural domestic use. Ground water supplies drinking water for 51% of the total population and 99% of
the rural population. Ground water helps grow our food 64% of groundwater is used for irrigation to
grow crops. Groundwater is an important component in many industrial processes. Groundwater is a
vital water supply for humanity. Groundwater provides drinking water entirely or in part for as much
as 50% of the global population and accounts for 43% of all of water used for irrigation.

Solid waste is inextricably linked to urbanization and economic development. As countries urbanize,
their economic wealth increases. As standards of living and disposable incomes increase,
consumption of products and services increases, which ends up during a corresponding increase
within the amount of waste generated. (World Bank, 2012).

The term “Municipal Solid Wastes” applies to those Solid Wastes generated by households and to
solid wastes of similar character derived from Shops, Offices and other Commercial Units.
(Cointreau, 1982). Ground water has been considered as reliable and safe source of water, protected
by surface contamination by geological filters that remove pollutants from water which percolate
through soil. Still ground water is not absolutely free from these pollutants (Tiwari et al., 1986;
Prasad and Bhat, 2011). Due to degradation of Environment and adverse impact on public health
and life style, solid waste management has become top priority. Solid waste management has
emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing municipal authorities worldwide especially in
developing countries. (Babatunde B.B. et al. 2013). Disposal of municipal solid waste without taking
proper scientific methods is a major environmental problem. (Mor et al.,2006) Lack of data of
treatment systems by authorities is reported together factor affecting the treatment of waste
(Chung and Lo, 2008). One of the greatest consequences of landfills and open dumps is the
contamination of ground and surface water due to leachate which contains nutrients, metals, salts
and other soluble or suspended components and products from the decomposition of waste.
(Australian Environmental Protection Agency, 2009). The usual and the most neglected cause of
water pollution are uncontrolled dumping of municipal solid waste. Infiltration of water by rainfall,
water already present in the waste, or water generated by biodegradation, cause the leachate to
leave the dumping ground laterally or vertically and find its way into the groundwater thereby
causing contamination. (Kumaravel et. al., 2003).

METHODOLOGY:
The selected study area is the Underground water from Vanarashi, Rasulpur and Sukali village
compost depot located near the Amravati city. Sukali is large village located in Amravati district,
Maharashtra with total 504 families residing. The village has population of 2128 of which 1146 are
males while 982 are females as per population. The sample collected from near and around to solid
waste dumping yard. The sampling locations are as follows:

Sr. No. Sample Sampling Location

1 Sample - I
Vanarashi
2 Sample – II
3 Sample – III
4 Sample – IV Sukali
5 Sample – V
6 Sample - VI
7 Sample – VII Rasulpur
8 Sample - VIII

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 2

Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 1 (January2023)
www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i01.pp01-05
In samples were collected from villages near and around solid waste dumping yard and analysed
with the help of NEERI standard water and waste water manual. The physico-chemical parameters
like pH, temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness,
chlorides, sulphate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and fluoride were analysed by
referring NEERI standard water and wastewater manual for the assessment of ground water quality
around solid waste dumping yard of decided location.

OBSERVATION AND RESULT:

The observation of analysis is built up in table format as differences can be observed, and also the
comparison with water standard of B.I.S and W.H.O. The comparison is important with the standard
given by the different governmental agencies is shows the better result.

Sr. Parameters Sampling Location

No. I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 pH 7.4 7.9 7.4 7.7 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.4
2 Temperature (0C) 21 20 22 20 20 19 18 19
3 Turbidity (NTU) 4 4 1 4 2 1 1 1
4 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) 820 890 675 745 750 865 1220 950
5 Conductivity (µS/cm) 2246 1920 950 900 456 450 2160 1681
6 Total Alkalinity (mg/l) 800 460 280 352 412 300 324 356
7 Total Hardness (mg/l) 610 700 480 580 420 650 270 620
8 Chloride (mg/l) 284 734 127 184 106 319 284 539
9 Sulphate (mg/l) 42 45 38 12 18 40 56 52
10 Total Phosphate (mg/l) 0.61 0.68 0.61 0.58 0.30 0.65 0.56 0.27
11 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) 5.06 4.21 4.12 4.26 3.21 5.2 6.01 5.23
12 Nitrate (mg/l) 79 50 51 80 67 24 26 39
13 Fluoride (mg/l) 0.7 0.6 0.4 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.9

pH: The pH examined for different samples between 7.4 to 7.9, it shows the water is neutral in
nature.

Temperature: Temperature examination revealed a little fluctuation in results between 18°C to 22°C.
The highest value was determined in water sample III, while lowest was found in water sample VII.
This result of temperature is normal.

Turbidity: The turbidity examined for different samples between 1.0 to 4.0.

Total Dissolved Solid: The values of total dissolved solids in between 675mg/l to 1220mg/l. The
highest value was determined in water sample VII, while lowest was found in water sample III. The
all samples are above permissible limit.

Conductivity: EC values examined for different water samples fluctuated in between 450 µS/cm to
2246 µS/cm. sample I, II, VII and VIII are above permissible limit respectively.

Total Alkalinity: The alkalinity in water sample are between in 280mg/lit to 800 mg/lit. The alkalinity
of all samples is above permissible limit.

Total Hardness: The hardness of water sample is between 270 mg/lit to 700 mg/lit. The hardness
presence in all samples is above permissible limit. The hardness is due to the presence of cations and
anions. There are two types of hardness, temporary and permanent hardness respectively.

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 3

Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 1 (January2023)
www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i01.pp01-05
Chlorides: The chlorides in examined water samples are between 106 mg/lit to 734 mg/lit. sample I,
II, VI, VII and VIII are above permissible limit.

Sulphate: The Sulphate in examined water samples is between in 12 mg/lit to 56 mg/lit. The
Sulphate is nontoxic anion. The Sulphate in water represent agriculture pollution. But all samples are
in permissible limit.

Total Phosphate: The phosphate in water samples are between in 0.27 mg/lit to 0.68 mg/lit. the
phosphates in all water samples are above permissible limit.

Dissolved Oxygen: The dissolved oxygen content of ground water ranged from 3.21 mg/lit to

6.01 mg/lit. it is fluctuated due to temperature increased or decreases. All samples are in normal
condition.

Nitrate: The nitrate in water sample are between in 24 mg/lit to 80 mg/lit. The exceeds the
permissible limit but it shows high concentration have also reported increases in nitrate
concentration in ground water due to waste water dumped at the disposal site and likely indicate
the impact of leachate.

Fluoride: The fluoride in water sample are between in 0.4 mg/lit to 1.2 mg/lit. It is in permissible
limit.

CONCLUSION:
The study was conducted of underground water quality by taking water sample for various sampling
site. Samples were collected from around solid waste dumping yard. It was concluded that some
physico-chemical parameter i.e. total dissolved solids, conductivity, hardness, alkalinity, phosphate
and nitrate of some samples are under desirable/permissible limits of given standard and other
parameters are in permissible limit. The quality of underground water around solids waste dumping
yards villages are not so good and not for suitable to directly drinking purpose. It is caused due to
water percolated through solid waste dumping area and it contaminated the ground water. The
treatment of ground water is essential in study area for drinking purpose, otherwise it causes the
minor and major health problems and savers effects to human health.

REFERENCES:
Abazeri M. (2014), “Rethinking Waste in India: Innovative Initiatives In Waste Management”, Master
Degree Thesis, Sciences Po, Paris School of International Affairs. – 2014.

Australian Environmental Protection Agency. 2009. Waste Guidelines: Waste Definitions. Adelaide:
Government of Australia, p. 6.

Babatunde B. B, Vincent- Akpu I.F., Woke G.N., Atarhinyo E., Aharanwa U.C., Green A.F., Issac- Joe O.
(2013), ‘Comparative Analysis Of Municipal Solid Waste (Msw) Composition In Three Local
Government Areas In Rivers State, Nigeria’, African Journal of Environmental Science
andTechnology,7(9) : 874-881.

Chung, S., Lo, C., (2008), “Local waste management constraints and waste administrators in China”,
Journal of Waste Management 28, 272–281.

Cointreau, S. J. (1982), Environmental Management of Urban Solid Wastes in Developing Countries,

Urban Development Technical Paper No. 5, World Bank, Washington DC.
Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 4
Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 8, Issue 1 (January2023)
www.jst.org.in DOI:https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2023.v8.i01.pp01-05
Kumaravel B., V. Gopalaswamy and V. Kanakasabai (2003) “Groundwater contamination due to
municipal garbage dumping – A comparative study” Poll. Res. 22(1) 67-71.

Mor S, Ravindra K, Visscher A, Dahiya RP, Chandra A. (2006), “Municipal solid waste characterization
and its assessment for potential methane generation: A case study”. Science of the Total
Environment 371: 1–10.

Mor, S., Ravindra, K., Dahiya, R.P. and Chandra (2006), A., “Leachate characterization and
assessment of groundwater pollution near municipal solid waste landfill site”, Environ. Monit.
Assess., Vol.118, pp. 435-456.

Prasad, K.S. and Bhat, V. (2011). Physicochemical characteristics of ground water and surface water
– A comparative study. Indian J. Of Envirn. Sci. 15 (2); 111-113.

Tiwari, T.N., Das, S.C. and Bose (1986). Correlation among water quality parameters of ground water
of Meerut district. Acta Ciencia India 12;11-113.

World Bank (2012). “What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management”, Urban
Development Series Knowledge Papers

Published by: Longman Publishers www.jst.org.in Page | 5