= Gi) Semiconductor veetifiers 4. Neon contactor, using power Acodes ov thyustors: |g) «94 diveetly connects the vai) te earth. | Lif-veil voltage vises above 150¥. i ce. 3 ys 2. Civeu breakers 7 E ZWase ve Special ype of suites used |B? bre baw | ching of Mace tine as wal es to [8 ae ema tig) lead? provide safely = ae ae — lses paver Semicmrducte devices. and de side Her ie — ane) €.5./Pom diedd | tok — smod a 3. Smoothing equipment, - These ere_filtering pak LC Oda 33304. = unt = 3380 — Polytechnic Academy Patni:.. Academy Patna wirements of high voltage ac. power | 4. The Hyévo, Thame or Diesel power stations Shoeld Supply the large vequivement of power for the ralways aa 2. Sf shosld be « relia 3. Canfinuity of sippy in ell conditions. Ij. Pover stations voaintain soppy accor- ding to seasonal load changes. efficely High wolege poser supply arrangement: The power is purchased from sopply authonhes en hansmissi mission. shansformey for vail oe h Voltage Supply The poner Sepply to substation arangem- anfe toy be of following types: — 6) Gephi)yauthorities oon install, operate and wiainiein 132. kY transmission lines to 25 8Y Ontpat termine! from substation. Qailwaspyeuthorities only Contre) the circuct bre- Aakexs hroxgh remote Control by traction power: contaller. gti / bi ‘authorities. o1n. install operate and ananfarre ai) the [52 kv equipment he Sub uth oly gre BEY Foti Gi)of Conshtuents “Constituents or elements oP supply «stem ase: = {iy Sub-stetions »~ 4B, 8c, inh io) Sb-sectioning and feral as pte 1) Sub-seetioning- post cube? jer Alementany setion- > Ik. Si statins Eee recto used provide. ly to the eclectic the Sub- by emote control. Hs main slements ave francformerc, isolators, cincuif breakers and bus couplers 2. Fasding post CEP)" Shiga eantral pose which Combrale 25 AY trast ply 4 th estos heck. Ye Tiomduments ove ssleins crest breakers | dbus coplere. ly cystem. 3. Sectioning and paralleling past (59)- TH is is sifwated efproximetely between feeding poste of duo zones. Sis used for ating ef passers) ss ee Bye DEA) cxehiom sUindey voltage Yley 2d 4. Seb-sectioning and fesaliding post nee - Fach cection is divided into one or move. SSP. qenwrelly ak @ distance of 10 40 15 kw» Ssf is used fo isolate a faulty section 5. Seb-sectionmg post di simlov 40 SP except iF has ne interne fav peraliding ef op are don. tracks. df is rarely ated ls Farris ‘Section = Each subsection i¢ divided info ementary sechins. for fault vepair an mein ferance oon! Polytechnic Academy Patna‘The main components of @ traction sub- vance time: ‘Stain and hor functions ave given below i= civ) Isolators. iy 220/t92 kV . 50 Ha duble cincut incoming | The main fenction of isolates is H iselete line. One chreuit from ofher eireuct: Y Double eivenct incoming line is used +0 7H isp ‘on both sides of Girewct ensure continues supply 4o the traction Sub- breakers for iselating pur past during: maint Station. Unanee Or fault clearance work we atis sho upd im case of dong mates | Snase 7 SE Sarin” a Raa of log v The function of cirewt breaker is +o break i) Main bes bar ‘he civeait automatically in ease of fase eee eich Gaev Soke | spat naky sete ving Ei Sobply eerie os fine maun + 9 ic used to faed sapbly fo the traction. Ragu copaectealtstietn. he Pb zo aoe Spy ends bus bar and transfer bus bave. Sis connected through bus coupler creme | ©") Gus coupler breaker. 4 tus eanlr chit eae with 490 iselabos i) Transfe bus bar is provided between the $00 bus bars. aa eae acs ak Ja2ky, SONS. ¥ Using bus coupler , the bus bar Seton Can ‘7 Sg bedone “on load” without disconbinatty in Service. Bates previde power espply to Freche Sees spphemmease of maintenance or fault clea, Polytechnic Academy PatnaWii) 132/25 kV Stepdown transformer | transformers are used. 133/as e Y The function of this Hans former is #0 step-down the Voliege from 152.kv 40 26 xv. Y Genveally $00 dane formers of (10-125 MVA)) ‘ating ave used fav dhe fnain Und and Gruintenance fine. Sis Comethon do trachm system is given bebo: i rer a | : — V One 26 bY eicast breaker and 25uy feedey Hippos eacetiery rad on the output tide, | le < i Hike ransfermer fo clearence of alt fast © buy onctensfarme ied ation and Be | oy GHE and vaubre manfnance Har is < Th orer fo aid wibalence of, 3f neoming- Polytechnic Academy Patna SAYPY. Scott Cols called scott-T) Connectedgett it 16 @ switching and control po. ovide Supbl 5 Bearer Sith Plorrhiad aestae tre + The paver to the feeding post comes from the traction substation. vy Generally. there are too 25kV feeders betu- een substation and ferding pest. v One feeder is for normal oferation and other these feeders axe tonmucted 40 tuo sete of bas bors fhvsngh 40 oil type tieuit breatere vy Tha tee Sus of bus bovs ave connected by (pus couples)to be used during maintenance FE foulk correction wor The distance of feedi from the subst- thin ae eat ]e The 25 eixeut breakers ore reste controlled | v Dosble leona suitehabne provided on “bath sides oy every civeuct breaker: 3} povides abhte ety nse fall saely $0 in- tenance Steff ihn Intereopters are used as Suitches{in the bus bare Tn case of(tun Track lines) there ave eras Shon ne vy Tnternspiers ove single pole lou oil type Suitches of isuned fo Ria orides| acfomatic baking of faslh Test can be both remote emblled One lo kVA, 250/230 step-down francine is tied for charging badenies shih provide spply for ‘pve cohol ad Ifiting event oilype C8, air blast type CB: » Vacuum pe <6 Polytechnic Academy PatnaFeeding and sso Asvangements ¥ Flectric traction needs single phase se- |v) Usin connect iy bat the power unevating setine and |" substation hase type mess in traction ans mission systems are Nate: Sape limits of unbelancing- aS ‘ (i) current unbalance Y unbelanced eatio. eS AT 357. 287 doy ¥ Unbalance. abore a limit has following effects: iy problems for adler consumes 2} SHpbly (ip Lange beating of veer, ahich is very baemfil for eHernator. . Otel, effet om be Gadicced) by fell igo 1. Sepply fo the subsHations iy oy “thing from, agony sh sn, ee aiff Substations ak di ffe- e pene e RS Be ieee eieeoe@ 0 | Polytechnic Academy PatnaFeeding ervangement To reduce_undalancing of 3-¢ supp- | ys power is supplied from dif tent phases as shown in dhe fig «So Subply to each substation ne- Yer Werks in pavalie. gecgehibih Pela forde stony jioning ax ing 1s done to isolate clectvc bebuean tus sebstatjons tr «This is necessary 50 that the panto- do nat brides Couches) the Newel Cdea4) ‘sectionsic ¥ OWE and its pouer supply arrangement |v These bridging Uva inhraptors butwun feuding post and neutral section is called as @ (section >) wv rach substation (or feeding post) feeds tas Sections. The supply 4o exth section is controlled by fe cineuit breaker ¥ Sectioning and paralleling post (SP) consist: of aan and four inferepters Aoable Fine traction eystem- interoptors. axe_paralleling, intereip- tors, IE of up and down tracks wv The offer +00 infermeptors are bridging inte- = Ee provided with Te (onde? ai a ioe Nhage dh «Bie tau chan ev drops from a i maintenance & fault corcech) mer gency ) dering novmel Working- and are Closed provide sepbly 4o theGdpacenb section ae, emergency _ohen its 25 41 SfPly is ig infernupted for ang reason oT ey EU post is located at the mid-point between two feeding posts CFP) X ey phase a YB phase MSC Chace Eel ws (sa al 24 Dean Tn Polytechnic Academy Patnaload.nent at Substation (Ts) ivctit byeakers:- These civeutt breakers any foot per) F )_Infervuptor 07 Sener S) on- automatic we cu etive relay. opening and closing: of; ORE rolsignalling ond lighting led with automatic Yoltoge reg - Init he voldoge fluchuations Seeondory side 2304 I'sV Pf ave inshument transformers used to. ‘and indicate high volleqes. ‘Stations indicate the con- s axe needed for 4he oberation, _tquipment and interr- ging {zility 16 provided a en. jemy Patna aan oe Ee level in the transformer is. such 4o stand following tes ne jo on prima eae eae% Oil cooling Arrangement ksing Tadiators. Installation iv 4 ely ¥ During Hensbortation fo protect windings v Breather - to protect from moisture in air. from moisture, fransfrmass gre, filled withy ¥ Gil lee indicador , dvain velve & filteing] 2 Ths ol hs do be vemoved,and hence He velve =) Aransformer is dried for_I5 40 2edays. v Died gangs thermometer Racca ent t8 914 ee, ipe- To prevent from high oi] en) fidldrysatieyen pat and_se cats peas pet rmakts_eacy dhe hed in jar V Two thermostals 40 indicate vise in tem} eyed carien ssi ates ace one qves an slay indicahon and 4he other) At drying frecess « the hans former is ready trips ‘the civcu’t breaker. ‘to beinstatled at the TSS. Polytechnic [Academy Patnabreokers ave provided» - 12/2 kv of 500 MVR (1) On the 132 KY primorg side of hanstomer Gi) Dn the _25 kV secondary side of transformer | ~ OF is cebable of passing following tests: Gis_Breaking test: | < On the primary side (G2 KV_dowbe pole bus c2upler cincut_ breakers ave provided 4o connect 1 C8 HSS rain bus bar and mainenance (or transfer) bas bar. ¥ On she secondary side 4h Sets ofp circuit Breakers (iy Francformer civeut breaker” Gi) farder cireuct breakers: These: ave 25 KV single pole circuit breakers. v Transformer civcuit breakers on 25 *V side ave normally closed and rip when Here. ig any internal fault in the trans former: v Feeder circuit breakers trip if there is | any fault in OWE. Polytechnic Aca are provided 4u0 For, Gil) Endurance fest - 5+ is of(Bo0o operations) Of one make followed by 2 brea - pértalan ov brgenie meeting waloial ‘ov by rewote Control ning. contects cee ea saapeaed by puch. r Cicwif breaker VM tach substation following sub y cneut | ¥ ‘508 ee ee ping cast Tripping time = weloyTransformer. protection relays : - ‘pth Substations Hhrengh « senes EP 1 h 1 The eavth, feslt relay operetes from brs Series connected CT: ¥ The veley used is Buchhila veley which, provides ‘protection from — Gy earth foul Gi) inter winding faults inside He donsfarmer ¥ dF 15 Simple reliable» Ceonomicel and easy to meindarn, ) Distance fault protection relay - v This raley trips the circuit breaker ify amy faulke occurs Up to a distance on ORE ~The opevakian of His velny dapends on the distance af Faulk on dectic transmission line. ” Polytechnic Academy Pat (2) werload thermal vey - V9 is provided on the secondary side- 4H gives protection against long peries overloads v SFallons she transformer fo operate for Shecified de @ overloact C3) Earth fault velay = ok of The Fersfuney is Connected by ground eed to He mein eertirg:— A 35 kV Catenary protection | TF Pratection system for 25 KV Cotenony has ea cen. ¥ 25 kV catenory protection Scheme 15 Shown below: - = Bridging - ssastahon at | ea et attr ee ios Li rae V7 Fut laed cervent: is tore than hss reat Corvent iit takes place ok farthest privt - v Phase angle of traction load is in the. range Ho to 60". Polytechnic Academy PatnaLocation & sbacin The factors which determine location of Tss and distance between them are giver bulow:- 9 pela 1 Systm viltape a For larger system voltage » specing: between Tss is large- W This 15 because for larger system witeye the maxiroum allowed voltape drap oll be large ‘and hence conductor vesistaace sill be large between substations. fre “2, Availability of HT: grid lines We. grid fhe. v Af aT in lines ave near 4o the TSS sadweel the bus bor veplsion at TSS This, in effect, reduces dhe Voltage im af fhe trains, with changing lead. L 3- Availability of land a v Transformers, AY suiteh gears , bes bars ete: fluche- spacing betaeen TSS con be Ket Inge traction substations (Tss) rp dete lange sh v So Sufficient Ietation ob Tss. 4 Sufficient land 15. generally avilable ot gunchone tnd portant stations V Se distance buluear, gupthins & stotions determines: he lneafion and number of Substations nd 1s Important focby for ovinit 5 |, Losses in the track Conductor system V. hasses in the over head conductor (ONC) very the curvent, resistance o te 3 cin increase im tonductance One wi) Sea leche Acs oes oad euwent-| Polytechnic Academy Patnative must jet a Specified mu e_ farthest point from TS