UNIT – IV

Working On Popups

Syllabus: Alerts, Prompts, Confirmation, Working on Frames and Windows,

Introduction to Test NG Designs, Annotations in TestNG. Apache POI Jar Files 3.17
for Reading, Writing Excel Files. Page Object Model-Property List.

Popups:

There are 3 type in javascript pop-up. They are,

o Alert
o Confirmation
o Prompt
Characteristics of javascript pop-up
• We can not move the pop up.
• We can not inspect the pop up.
• It is black and white in color
• If it contains only ok button then it is alert pop-up.
• If it contains only ok and cancel button then it is confirmation pop-up.
• If it contains only Text box, ok and cancel button then it is prompt pop-up.

• we can handle any javascript pop up by using the statement

Alert a = driver.switchTo().alert();

In Alert interface we have different methods. They are

o accept() click on Ok
o dismiss() click on cancel
o getText() get the text
o sendKeys() enter the text
• If the javascript pop-up is not present and still if we try to switch into it, then it
will throwNoAlertPresentException

1. Simple:
➢ In this method, we just click single ok button in the alert.

Example program:
public class Dummy2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://mail.rediff.com/cgi-bin/login.cgi");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='submit']")).click(); Alert a = driver.switchTo().alert();
System.out.println(a.getText());
a.accept(); driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
driver.findElement(By.id("login1")).sendKeys("venkat123"); driver.quit();
}
}

Here,
alert class
Output:
 2. Confirm:
➢ In this method, we have to click OK or Cancel, if we click OK/Cancel, then itwill confirm
Example program:

public class Dummy3 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://toolsqa.com/handling-alerts-using-selenium-webdriver/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//button[text()='Confirm Pop up']")).click(); Alert a =
driver.switchTo().alert();
System.out.println(a.getText());a.dismiss();
driver.quit();}

Output:
 3. Prompt:
➢ In this method, first we have insert Yes/No and then we will click OK/Cancel

Example program:
public class Dummy4 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://toolsqa.com/handling-alerts-using-selenium-webdriver/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//button[text()='Prompt Pop up']")).click(); Alert a =
driver.switchTo().alert();
System.out.println(a.getText());a.sendKeys("yes"); Thread.sleep(3000); a.dismiss();
driver.quit();

}
 Output:

WINDOW HANDLING:
➢ It is used to move one window to another window

Example :
To Handle 2 windows:
public class Dummy9 {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("https://www.hdfcbank.com/");

driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='cee_closeBtn']/img")).click();
 String parentWindowId = driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println("Parent Window ID:" +
parentWindowId);driver.findElement(By.id("loginsubmit")).click(); Set<String> allWindowId =
driver.getWindowHandles();
for (String x : allWindowId) {

if (!parentWindowId.equals(x)) { System.out.println("Child Window ID:" + x);

driver.switchTo().window(x); Thread.sleep(3000);

driver.findElement(By.xpath("html/body/div[4]/div[2]/div[1]/a"))
.click(); driver.manage().window().maximize();Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
}
}
Thread.sleep(3000);driver.quit(); }

➢ Home page(window) parent window

➢ Next window Child window
➢ getWindowHandle() It is a method used to get parent window id
➢ getWindowHandles() It is a method used to get all windows id
➢ So, we have A(parent window id) and C(A,B) but we don’t have B.
➢ C all windows id
➢ We have to find B using Iterator or enhancement for
➢ defaultContent() it is a method used to move previous window

Output:
 To Handling Multiple windows:
public class Login {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, Throwable {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
"C:\\Users\\10657527\\Downloads\\chromedriver_win32
(1) \\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.get("https://www.hdfcbank.com/");
driver.findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@id='cee_closeBtn']/img")).click(); String parentWindowId =
driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println("Parent Window ID:" + parentWindowId);
driver.findElement(By.id("loginsubmit")).click();
Set<String> allWindowId = driver.getWindowHandles();List<String> l=new

ArrayList<String>(allWindowId);

//By passing index we can switch the desired windowdriver.switchTo().window(l.get(1));

IFRAME:
IFrame is a web page which is embedded in another web page or an HTML documentembedded inside
another HTML document.
iFrame is defined by an <iframe></iframe> tag in HTML. With this tag you can identifyan iFrame while
inspecting the HTML tree.
Same HTML for IFrame,

<body>
<div class="box">
<iframe name="iframe1" id="IF1" height="600"width="400"
src="http://toolsqa.wpengine.com"></iframe>
</div>
<div class="box">
<iframe name="iframe2" id="IF2" height="600" width="400"
align="left" src="http://demoqa.com"></iframe>
</div>
 </body>
</html>

Identifying IFrame:

We cannot detect the frames by just seeing the page or by inspecting Firebug.
Observe the below image, Advertisement being displayed is an Iframe, we cannot locateor
recognize that by just inspecting using Firebug. So the question is how can you identify the iframe?
Right click on the element, If you find the option like 'This Frame' then it is aniframe.(Please refer
the abovediagram)
Right click on the page and click 'View Page Source' and Search with the 'iframe', if youcan find any
tag namewith the 'iframe' then it is meaning to say the page consisting an iframe.

Ways to Switch IFrame:

1. Switch to frame by index
2. Switch to frame by id or name
3. Switch to frame by webelement

We can find total number of IFrame by using belowcommands

int size = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();

1. Switch to frame by index:Example:

public class Dummy9 {

@Test
public void upload() throws InterruptedException, IOException
{ System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",
"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new
FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.wpengine.com/iframe-practice-page/");
int size = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();
 System.out.println(size); driver.switchTo().frame(0);

driver.findElement(By.name("firstname")).sendKeys("vengat");
}
}

2. Switch to frame by id or name:Using ID:

public class Dummy9 {

@Test
public void upload() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver =new

FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.wpengine.com/iframe-practice- page/"); int size =
driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();
System.out.println(size); driver.switchTo().frame("IF1");

driver.findElement(By.name("firstname")).sendKeys("vengat");
}
}

Using Name:

public class Dummy9 {

@Test
public void upload() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

driver.get("http://toolsqa.wpengine.com/iframe-practice-page/"); int size =
driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();
System.out.println(size); driver.switchTo().frame("iframe1");
 driver.findElement(By.name("firstname")).sendKeys("vengat");
}
}

3. Switch to frame by webelement:public class Dummy9 {

@Test
public void upload() throws InterruptedException, IOException {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver",

"C:/Users/siva/workspace/Selenium/driver/geckodriver.exe"); WebDriver driver =

new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://toolsqa.wpengine.com/iframe-practice-
page/"); int size = driver.findElements(By.tagName("iframe")).size();
System.out.println(size);

WebElement web = driver.findElement(By.id("IF2"));

driver.switchTo().frame(web);

driver.findElement(By.name("firstname")).sendKeys("vengat");
}
}
Introduction to Test NG Designs

o TestNG is a very important framework when you are actually developing

the framework from scratch level.
o TestNG provides you full control over the test cases and the execution of
the test cases. Due to this reason, TestNG is also known as a testing
framework.
o Cedric Beust is the developer of a TestNG framework.
o If you want to run a test case A before that as a pre-request you need to
run multiple test cases before you begin a test case A. You can set and map
with the help of TestNG so that pre-request test cases run first and then
only it will trigger a test case A. In such way, you can control the test cases.
o TestNG framework came after Junit, and TestNG framework adds more
powerful functionality and easier to use.
o It is an open source automated TestNG framework. In TestNG, NG stands
for "Next Generation".
o TestNG framework eliminates the limitations of the older framework by
providing more powerful and flexible test cases with help of easy
annotations, grouping, sequencing and parametrizing.

Annotations in TestNG

TestNG Annotation is a piece of code which is inserted inside a program or business logic
used to control the flow of execution of test methods.

List of TestNG Annotations

TestNG Description
Annotation

@BeforeSuite The @BeforeSuite annotated method will run before the execution of all
the test methods in the suite.

@AfterSuite The @AfterSuite annotated method will run after the execution of all the
test methods in the suite.

@BeforeTest The @BeforeTest annotated method will be executed before the execution
of all the test methods of available classes belonging to that folder.

@AfterTest The @AfterTest annotated method will be executed after the execution of
all the test methods of available classes belonging to that folder.
 @BeforeClass The @BeforeClass annotated method will be executed before the first
method of the current class is invoked.

@AfterClass The @AfterClass annotated method will be invoked after the execution of
all the test methods of the current class.

@BeforeMethod The @BeforeMethod annotated method will be executed before each test
method will run.

@AfterMethod The @AfterMethod annotated method will run after the execution of each
test method.

@BeforeGroups The @BeforeGroups annotated method run only once for a group before
the execution of all test cases belonging to that group.

@AfterGroups The @AfterGroups annotated method run only once for a group after the
execution of all test cases belonging to that group.

Apache POI

Apache POI is a Java API to read and write Documents in .xls and .xlsx formats.
It contains classes and interfaces. Apache POI is a powerful collection of java
libraries that can do so much more than just “poor obfuscation implementation” –
it allows Java applications to interact with Microsoft files like Excel, Powerpoint,
and Word. An Apache POI library provides two implementations to read an excel
file:

• Horrible Spreadsheet Format (HSSF) Implementation: It’s an API that works with
Excel 2003 or earlier versions.
• XML Spreadsheet Format (XSSF) Implementation: It’s an API that works with Excel
2007 or later versions.

Interfaces In Apache POI

• Workbook: It represents an Excel Workbook. This is an interface implemented

by HSSFWorkbook and XSSFWorkbook.
• Sheet: This is an interface that represents an Excel worksheet. A sheet is a structure
of a workbook, which represents the grid of cells. A Sheet interface
extends java.lang.Iterable.
• Row: It is an interface that represents the row of the spreadsheet. The Row interface
extends java.lang.Iterable
• Cell: It is an interface. It is the representation of the cell in a row of a
spreadsheet. HSSFCell and XSSFCell implement a Cell interface.

Classes In Apache POI

• Apache POI has divided into the below classes:

 1. HSSF
2. XSSF

• XLS Classes

o HSSFWorkbook: It’s a class that represents the XLS file.

o HSSFSheet: It’s a class that represents the sheet in an XLS file.
o HSSFRow: It’s a class that represents a row in the sheet of the XLS file.
o HSSFCell: It’s a class that represents a cell in a row of XLS files.

• XLSX Classes

o XSSFWorkbook: It’s a class that represents the XLSX file.

o XSSFSheet: It’s a class that represents the sheet in an XLSX file.
o XSSFRow: It’s a class that represents a row in the sheet of the XLSX file.
o XSSFCell: It’s a class that represents a cell in a row of an XLSX file.

Steps to Read Data From Excel file in Selenium

To read data from excel sheet in selenium webdriver using java Apache POI, you need to
follow a series of steps. Here's a step-by-step explanation:

1. Create an Instance of the Workbook Class and Open the Excel File
• FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("path/to/excel/file.xlsx");
• Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file);

2. Get the Desired Sheet from the Workbook.

• Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet("Sheet1");

3. Iterate Over the Rows and Cells to Read the Data.

Iterator<Row> rowIterator = sheet.iterator();

while (rowIterator.hasNext()) {
Row row = rowIterator.next();
Iterator<Cell> cellIterator = row.iterator();
while (cellIterator.hasNext()) {
Cell cell = cellIterator.next();
// Process the cell value
}
}
4. Close the Workbook and File Input Stream.

• workbook.close();
• file.close();

Java program to read an excel file using Apache POI library.

ReadExcelDemo.java

FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream(new File("howtodoinjava_demo.xlsx"));

//Create Workbook instance holding reference to .xlsx file

XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(file);

//Get first/desired sheet from the workbook

XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);

//Iterate through each rows one by one

Iterator<Row> rowIterator = sheet.iterator();

while (rowIterator.hasNext()) {

Row row = rowIterator.next();

//For each row, iterate through all the columns

Iterator<Cell> cellIterator = row.cellIterator();

 while (cellIterator.hasNext()) {

Cell cell = cellIterator.next();

//Check the cell type and format accordingly

switch (cell.getCellType()) {

case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:

System.out.print(cell.getNumericCellValue() + "t");

break;

case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:

System.out.print(cell.getStringCellValue() + "t");

break;

System.out.println("");

file.close();

Program Output:

Output

ID NAME LASTNAME

1.0 Amit Shukla

2.0 Lokesh Gupta

3.0 John Adwards

4.0 Brian Schultz

Steps to Write Data From Excel file in Selenium

1. Create a workbook

2. Create a sheet in the workbook

3. Create a row in the sheet

4. Add cells to the sheet

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 to write more data

 1. Create an Instance of the Workbook Class and Create a New Excel File.

•Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();

•Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");

2. Create Rows and Cells and Write the Data

•Row row = sheet.createRow(0);

•cell.setCellValue("Hello, World!");
3. Create a File Output Stream and Write the Workbook Data to a File.

•FileOutputStream file = new FileOutputStream("path/to/excel/file.xlsx");

•workbook.write(file);
4. Close the Workbook and File Output Stream.
•workbook.close();
•file.close();

Java program to write an excel file using Apache POI library.

6. WriteExcelDemo.java
 7. //Blank workbook

8.

9. XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();

10.

11. //Create a blank sheet

12.

13. XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Employee Data");

14.

15. Sheet.CreateRow(0);

16. Sheet.getRow(0).CreateCell(0).setcellvalue(“Hello”);

17. Sheet.getRow(0).CreateCell(1).setcellvalue(“Hi”);

18. Sheet.CreateRow(1);

19. Sheet.getRow(1).CreateCell(0).setcellvalue(“Hello”);

20. Sheet.getRow(1).CreateCell(1).setcellvalue(“Hi”);

21.

22. //Write the workbook in file system

23.

24. FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File("howtodoinjava_demo.xlsx"));

25. workbook.write(out);

26. out.close();

27. System.out.println("howtodoinjava_demo.xlsx written successfully on disk.");

28. }

Page Object Model

We use the Page Object Model concept in Selenium Webdriver dueto the
following reasons:
1. An object repository is created in this POM model. It is independent of
test cases and can be reused for a differentproject.
2. The naming convention of methods is very easy,
understandable and more realistic.
3. Under the Page object model, we create page classes thatcan be
reused in another project.
4. The Page object model is easy for the developed
framework due to its several advantages.
5. In this model, separate classes are created for different pages of a web
application like login page, the home page,employee detail page,
change password page, etc.
 6. If there is any change in any element of a website then weonly need to
make changes in one class, and not in all classes.
7. The script designed is more reusable, readable and
maintainable in the page object model approach.
8. Its project structure is quite easy and understandable.
9. Can use PageFactory in the page object model in order to initialize the
web element and store elements in the cache.
10. TestNG can also be integrated into the Page Object Modelapproach.

Advantages of Page Object Model

• Easy Maintenance: POM is useful when there is a change in a UI element or a
change in action.
• Code Reusability: By using POM, one can use the test code for one screen, and
reuse it in another test case. There is no need to rewrite code, thus saving time
and effort.
• Readability and Reliability of Scripts: When all screens have independent java
files, one can quickly identify actions performed on a particular screen by
navigating through the java file. If a change must be made to a specific code
section, it can be efficiently done without affecting other files.