1.
Write cown some sources of ground water and suriace
water.
Ans=
*Groundwater Sources:*
1. *Aquifers*: Underground layers of permeable rock,
sand, or soilthat store and transmit large amounts of
water.
2. *Wells*: Drilled or dug holes that access underground
aquifers, providing water for drinking, irigation, and
industrial use.
3. *Springs*: Natural outlets where groundwater flows
from the ground surface, often forming streams or rivers.
4. *Seepage*: Water that filters through the soil and
becomes groundwater, recharging aquifers.
5. *Infiltration*: Rainwater or snowmelt that seeps into the
soiland becomes groundwater.
*Surface Water Sources:*
1. *Rivers*: Natural flowing bodies of water that often
originate from mountains or hills and flow towards oceans
or lakes.
2. *Lakes*: Large bodies of still water, often fed by rivers
or groundwater, and can be used for drinking water,
recreation, and irrigation.
3. *Reservoirs*: Artificially created lakes, often built
behind dams, to store water for drinking, irrigation, and
hydroelectric power.
4. *Wetlands*: Areas where the land is saturated with
water, either permanently or seasonally, and can act as
natural filters and habitats for wildlife.
5. *Oceans*: The five vast bodies of saltwater that cover
over 70% of the Earth's surface, and are a vital source of
water for human consumption, transportation, and
recreation.
6. *Glaciers*: Large, slow-moving rivers of ice that store
freshwater and melt into surface water sources during
warmer months.
7. *Streams*: Small, narrow bodies of flowing water that
often feed into rivers or lakes.
2) What is recycling and state its advantages.
Ans= Recycling is the process of collecting and
processing materials that would otherwise be thrown
away as waste, transforming them into new products, and
reducing the need to extract and process raw materials
from the earth.
Advantages of Recycling:
1. *Conservation of Natural Resources*: Recycling helps
to extract and process fewer raw materials from the earth,
preserving natural resources for future generations.
2. *Energy Savings*: Recycling requires less energy than
producing new products from raw materials, which
reduces greenhouse gas emissions and mitigates climate
change.
3. *Waste Reduction*: Recycling decreases the amount of
waste sent to landfills and incinerators, reducing pollution
and protecting the environment.
4. *Job Creation*: The recycling industry generates
employment opportunities in collection, processing, and
manufacturing.
5. *Economic Benefits*: Recycling can be more
cost-effective than producing new products from raw
materials, saving communities and businesses money.
6. *Conservation of Landfill Space*: Recycling helps to
extend the life of landfills, reducing the need for new
landills and preserving land for other uses.
7. *Reduced Pollution*: Recycling reduces air and water
pollution by decreasing the need for extracting,
processing, and transporting raw materials.
8. *Climate Change Mitigation*: By reducing energy
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, recycling
helps combat climate change.
9. *Saves Water*: Recycling helps conserve water by
reducing the amount needed to produce new products.
10. *Closed-Loop Production*: Recycling enables a
closed-Ioop production cycle, where materials are
continually cycled back into production, reducing waste
and the constant demand for raw materials.
3) What do you mean by renewable energy resources?
Ans= Renewable energy resources are natural energy
sources that can be replenished over time, such as:
- Solar energy
- Wind energy
- Hydro energy
These resources are sustainable, non-polluting, and
abundant, unlike finite fossil fuels.
Horizontal axisVertical axis wind
wind turbine turbine
HAWT) IVAWT)
Tower Sway Large Small
Yaw mechanism Yes No
Self-starting Yes No
Overall Set-up
Formation Complex Simple
Generator location Not on ground On ground
Height from ground Large Small
Blade's operation spacelLarge Small
Noise produced high Relatively Less
Wind direction Dependent Independent
Obstruction for birds High |Less
Ideal efficiency 50-60% More than 70%
5)Discuss different ecological factors.
Ans=Ecological factors can be divided into three
categories: Biotic, Abiotic, and Cultural.
*Biotic Factors
- Living components of an ecosystem
- Examples: plants, animals, microorganisms, fungi
*Abiotic Factors
- Non-living components of an ecosystem
- Examples: light, temperature, water, soil, air, humidity
*Cultural Factors -
- Human activities and influences on the ecosystem
- Examples: land use, pollution, climate change,
conservation efforts
These ecological factors interact and influence each
other, shaping the ecosystem's structure and function.
6)What are the environmental impacts on ecology.
Ans=Environmental impacts on ecology include:
"Pollution -
- Air, water, and soil pollution harm ecosystems and
species
"Climate Change -
Global warming alters ecosystems, disrupts species
interactions, and threatens biodiversity
"Habitat Destruction
- Human activities like deforestation, urbanization, and
land conversion lead to ecosystem degradation and loss
of habitats
"Overexploitation
Overhunting, overfishing, and overharvesting deplete
species populations and disrupt ecosystem balance
-Invasive Species
- Non-native species introductions can outcompete
native species, alter ecosystem processes, and reduce
biodiversity.
