Legal Language Semester I LLB 2022 (MCQ)

1. The Term in Re Means

a) In matter of
b) A person who dies without making will
c) By the fact itself
d) With the Powers

2. An individual who is under arrest must do all but one of the following
a) Give a name and address
b) Have fingerprints and photograph taken
c) Make a statement
d) Go with police

3. A bail application or hearing must be made available within

a) 48 hrs.
b) 24 hrs. from arrest
c) 7 days of arrest
d) 72 hrs. of arrest

4. I.L.R. stands for

a) Indian Law Reports
b) Indian Law Report
c) Indian Law Record
d) Indian Law Result

5. L. J.R. stands for

a) London Queen Reporter
b) London Queen Reports
c) London Queen Review
d) London Queen Revision

6. M.L.R. stands for

a) Modern Law Review
b) Modern Law Reports
c) Modern Law Result
d) Modern legal Review

7. L.Q.R. stands for

a) London Queen Reporter
b) London Queen Review
c) London Queen Revision
d) London Queen Reports

8. J.B.C.I.
a) Journal of Bar council of India.
b) Jury of Bar Council of India.
c) Jury of Bar Commission of India
d) Jury of Bench council of India.
9. Vishaka & Ors. V/s State of Rajasthan was headed by how many judges
a) 3 Judges
b) 2 Judges
c) 5 Judges
d) 1 Judge

10. Which articles under the Indian Constitution were sought to redress under Vishaka
V/s State of Rajasthan
a) Articles 14, 15, 21.
b) Articles 16,14,21
c) Articles 21,14,15(4)
d) Article 21

11. D.K. Basu V/s State of West Bengal deals with

a) Death in Custodial Lockup.
b) Sexual Harassment at workplace
c) Minors contract is void ab initio
d) Environmental Protection

12. Which advocate was appointed by the court as Amicus Curaie to Assist in the Case of
D.K Basu
a) Dr. A.M. Singhvi
b) Shri Ashok Kumar Joshi.
c) M.C. Mehta v/s U.O.I
d) Kapil Sibal

13. How many guidelines were laid down in D.K. BASU CASE
a) 12
b) 15
c) 17
d) 11

14. The Manager will give you Tickets (change into passive voice by choosing the
option)
a) The Tickets will be given to you by the Manager.
b) The Tickets were given by the Manager.
c) The Tickets had been given by the Manager.
d) The Manager had given Tickets.

15. The Dog Chased the Cat. (change into passive voice by choosing the option)
a) The Cat was chased by the Dog.
b) The cat was being chased by the Dog.
c) The cat had been chased by the Dog.
d) The cat has been chased by the Dog.

16. Richard Lost the Money. (change into passive voice by choosing the option)
a) The Money was lost by Richard.
b) The Money had been lost by Richard.
c) The Money was being lost by Richard.
 d) The Money is Gone.

17. Everyone admires the Professor. (change into passive voice by choosing the option)
a) The Professor is admired by everyone
b) The Professor was admired by everyone
c) The Professor is admiring
d) The Professor was been Admired

18. The Magistrate will punish the Guilty. (change into passive voice by choosing the
option)
a) The Guilty will be Punished by the Magistrate
b) The Guilty was been punished by the Magistrate
c) The Guilty is Punished
d) Punishment is given by the Magistrate to the Guilty.

19. In Jure Non Remota Causa Sed Proxima Spectatur means

a) In law not the remote but the proximate cause is looked at.
b) In law the proximate cause is taken into consideration.
c) In law the Proximate cause is never taken into consideration.
d) In law the Proximate cause is relevant in cases relating to negligence.

20. M. C. Mehta & another V/s Union of India AIR 1986, 2 SCC 176 is for the
a) Tax problem
b) Environment pollution
c) Women problem
d) Labour problem

Answers marked in bold is the Answer Key.

21 Requisites of a complaint are:

a. An oral or a written allegation
b. It must be made with the object that he should take action
c. It must be made to the magistrate
d. Only a. And b.

22. What is the full form of ILR

a. Indian Law Reporter
b. Indian Legal Report
c. International Law Reader
d. Indian Legal Review

22. Criminal law journal is a ________ publication.

a. Weekly
b. Monthly
c. Quarterly
 d. Yearly

23. I always love my country (Change into a negative sentence)

A. I never hate my country
B. I have my country
C. I can hate my country
D. I always hate my country
25. When the master is held liable for the wrongful of his servant, the liability
is called
(a) Strict liability
(b) Vicarious liability
(c) Tortous liability
(d) Absolute liability

26. Bailable offences are relatively minor in nature, whereas, non bailable offences are
more serious in nature.
A. True
B. False
C. Might be
D. Never
27. Which one of the following is not an example of vicarious liability?
(A) Liability of the principal for the tort of his agent.
(B) Liability of partners for each others’ tort.
(C) Liability of the master for the tort of his servant.
(D) Liability of the parents for the tort of the children

28. They made him, the King (Change the voice)

A. He was made the king by them
B. He was the king
C. He was made the
D. He was the king

29.Mala fide means:

A. In good faith
B. In bad faith
C. In utmost good faith
D. Man of Faith

30.A legal proceeding between two or more parties in connection with a civil dispute is
called
A. Suit
B. Complaint
C. FIR
D. Case
31.Act of God’ is known by the name:
a. Vis major
b. Damnum fatale
 c. Vis major or Damnum fatale
d. Damnum sine injuria .
32.The maxim ex turpi causa non oritur action implies & means
a. from an immoral cause also action arises
b. from an immoral cause no action arises
c. morality and immorality is of no significance in an action for tort
d. both (a) & (c).

33.n which landmark judgment did the Supreme Court of India lay down guidelines against
sexual harassment of women at workplace?
a. Nilabati Behera vs. State of Orissa
b. Vishakha vs. State of Rajasthan
c. Maneka Gandhi vs. Union of India
d. Hussainara Khatoon vs. State of Bihar

34.Which of the following are courts having jurisdiction to try criminal cases?
a. Small Causes Court
b. City Civil Court
c. Metropolitian Magistrate Court
d. Consumer Court

35.A defendant’s written defence or pleading is called a:

a. Plaint
b. Affidavit
c. Written statement
d. Complaint

36.Actio personalis moritur cum persona means:

A. A personal right of action dies with the person
B. Personal Care of citizens.
C. An action directed toward a Criminal for reformation.
D. An action is not given to him who is not injured

37._________ is the extent of the authority of a Court to administer justice.

A. Jurisdiction
B. Boundaries
C. Limitation
D. Complaint
38. Shivaji vs. Union of India AIR 2007 S.C. 1465 Identify the publication:
a. Supreme Court Reporter
b. All India Reports
c. Allahabad Income Tax Review
d. All India Reporter

39.A decree passed in the absence of the defendant.

A. An ex parte decree
B. Order
 C. Judgment
D. bail
40.Rex Non Potest Peccare means:
a. Where there is a right there is a remedy
b. The king can do no wrong
c. No man ought to be charged with the same offense
d. People cannot protest before the king

Options in Red colour are correct options

1.An injunction which is granted at any stage of a suit is called:

a. Permanent injunction

b. Temporary injunction

c. Stay of suit

d. Stay order

2. To defer the hearing of a case to another date in court:

a. Order of the court

b. According to valuation

c. Adjournment

d. Decree

3. Reconsideration of the matter before the court by the same judge who had earlier decided it is
called:

a. Review

b. Reference

c. Appeal

d. Revision

4. The term enactment means...

a. By virtue of office

b. Act of parliament

c. A liability of property
d. An interest in land
5. The landmark decision regarding custodial violence or death in lock-ups

a. Ashby vs. White

b. D. K. Basu vs. State of west Bengal

c. Vishakha vs. State of Rajasthan

d. Mazetti vs. Williams

6. Damage suffered by consent is not a cause of action refers to the maximum.

a. Injuria sine damnum

b. Ubi jus ibi remedium

c. Actus reus

d. Volenti non fit injuria.

7. A bail application or hearing must be made available within.

a. 48 hours

b. 7 days of arrest

c. 24 hours from arrest

d. 72 hours of arrest

8. Lawyers Collective is edited by

a. Ms. Indira Jaising

b. Manupatra

c. Mr. Tipugade

d. Mr. V. R. Manohar

9. They said that he was innocent. (Change the voice)

a. He was said to be innocent

b. He was innocent said by them

c. He was proved innocent

d. It was said that he was innocent

10. Very few countries are as rich as America. (Change the degree)

a. Very few countries are rich than America

b. Very few countries are so rich as America

c. Very few countries are better than America

d. America is richer than other countries

11. A writ which is issued by a superior court, directing inferior court not to exercise jurisdiction
which is not legally vested in it.

a. Certiorari

b. Prohibition

c. Mandamus

d. Quo warranto

12. Written statement signed by and affirmed by a person on oath is called…

a. Adjournment

b. Verification

c. Affidavit

d. Suit

13. The right of a person not to be defamed or assaulted which is available against the whole world.

a. Right in rem

b. Right in personam

c. Right in re propria

d. Right in re aliena

14. A wrong which is authoritatively determined to be wrong by a rule of law.

a. Natural wrong

b. Moral wrong

c. Legal wrong

d. Criminal wrong

15. ………is defined as a society of men established for the maintenance of peace and justice within a
determined territory.

a. Nation

b. Corporation

c. State

d. Organisation
16. It is a writ available to a prisoner in cases of a deprivation of personal liberty and wrongful
detention.

a. Habeas corpus

b. Quo-warranto

c. Prohibition

d. Certiorari

17. Buyer must take care when buying specific things is the general principle of English law related to
maxim of...

a. Caveat emptor

b. Nemo dat quod non habet

c. Vis major

d. Audi alterem partem

18. According to principle of vicarious liability a master is liable for the wrongful acts of his servants,
is fixed by the maxim of...

a. Caveat emptor

b. Respondeat superior

c. Rex non protest peccare

d. Audi alterem partem

19. S.C.C. (Cri) is a abbreviation for-

a. Supreme court cases

b. Supreme court journal

c. Supreme court cases (criminal)

d. Supreme court criminal rulings

20. The name by which the Act may be called is…

a. Long title

b. Short title

c. Official citation

d. Long title

Answer key

1-b

2-c
3- a

4-b

5-b
6-d

7-c

8-a

9-a

10-d

11-b

12-c

13-a

14-c

15-c

16-a

17-a

18-b

19-c

20-b

TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING:

1) audi alteram partem

a) One for another
b) Thing speaks for itself
c) Hear the other side
d) Party must appear in person
2) caveat emptor
a) Let purchaser beware
b) Let seller beware
c) Let emperor be careful
d) Be careful of the emperor
3) respondeat superior
 a) Hear the respondent
b) Respondent is superior
c) Let the principal be held responsible
d) Law is superior
4) res ipsa loquitor
a) Act of god
b) King can do no wrong
c) Respondent is superior
d) Thing speaks for itself
5) volenti non fit injuria
a) Help the injured voluntarily
b) Damage suffered by consent is not a cause of action
c) The law does not consider voluntary admissions as fit
d) That which was originally void does not by lapse of time become valid.
6) ubi jus ibi remedium
a) Justice is the best remedy
b) Remedy does not result in remedy
c) Where there is a right there is a remedy
d) Remedy results in justice
7) The king can do no wrong
a) Rex non potest pecare
b) Res ipsa loquitor
c) Lux na pecare
d) Respondeat superior
8) Ignorance of law is not an excuse
a) ignorantia facti excusat
b) ignorantia juris non excusat
c) ignoranti excusamoi
d) lexis ignoranis
9) actio personalis moritur cum persona
a) Action of person results in death
b) Personal right of action dies with the person
c) Action of law is faster for some persons
d) None of the above
10) nemo debet esse judex in propria sua causa
a) No man can be a judge in his own cause
b) No judge can deal with property cases without cause
c) Judgement must be passed in debt case regarding property
d) None of the above

EXPAND THE FOLLOWING:

11) SCR
a) Supreme Court Record
b) Supreme Court Reporter
c) Social Cases Reporter
d) None of the above
12) MLJ
a) Maharashtra Law Journal
b) Mysore Law Journal
c) Madras Law Journal
d) None of the above
13) AIR
a) All India Reporter
b) All India Recorder
c) About India Reporter
d) None of the above
14) ITR
a) Income Tax Records
b) Information Technology Reporter
c) Income Tax Reporter
d) None of the above
15) DMC
a) Driving and Maintenance Cases
b) Divorce and Maintenance Cases
c) Death and Matrimony Cases
d) None of the above

READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW:

The past month has witnessed several protests across the nation against the central
government’s controversial Citizenship Amendment Act. While the protests are a positive sign
— indicative of the nation’s united resistance against any attempt which threatens to destroy
our secular fabric — the response of the government to quell the protests in any manner
whatsoever is deeply worrisome. We have witnessed police brutality against students, labelling
of protesters/dissenters as ‘anti-nationals’ and excessive surveillance over areas of protest.

In what appears to be another attempt towards creating an ‘Orwellian State’, the police forces
have started using drones to monitor the areas of protest, with the Uttar Pradesh Police going
a step further by conducting an aerial survey of houses in several areas of protest in the state.
The UP Police’s justification for the survey is that drones help them ‘track and record’
movements of alleged ‘anti-social’ elements, and capture images of houses where bricks and
stones are kept on the terraces.

The government can only monitor individuals against whom reasonable grounds of suspicion
exist, that is, people with criminal antecedents. Therefore, the State’s monitoring of individuals
whom they suspect to be an anti-social elements sans evidence of their past criminal records is
a blatant disregard of the law. Sadly, the government is monitoring the movements of protesters
who have committed no crime but have only exercised their fundamental right to free speech.

If the last month is any indication, there are chances that footage from the drones may be
misused to harass and deter protesters from expressing their dissent. As per law, the liberty of
an individual can never be taken away; it can only be reasonably restricted. However, it seems
of late that there have been no restrictions but rather the snatching away of fundamental rights.

16) The phrase "quell the protests in any manner whatsoever" used in the above passage
indicates that the government is

(a) using legal measures to quell protests

(b) using illegal measures to quell protests

(c) using legal but morally wrong measures to quell protests

(d) None of the above

17) Assuming that surveillance of public places is legal, the above passage suggests that-
 (a) terrace of a house is a public place

(b) terrace of a house is not a public place

(c) terrace of a house is a public place as it is freely visible from above

(d) None of the above

18) The above passage relates to-

(a) right to privacy

(b) right to free speech

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None of the above

READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW:

Khunti’s sedition cases go back to 2017, and the start of the “Pathalgadi movement”. Adivasis
who were faced with corporate takeover of their land resorted to an innovative form of protest:
they began to carve provisions of the Indian Constitution’s Fifth Schedule — that guarantees
tribal autonomy — upon stone slabs placed upon the boundaries of the village. The first
information reports (FIRs) that follow allege that the police were attacked with “sticks and
traditional weapons” (an allegation that the Adivasis dispute); but additionally, the FIRs also
state that the leaders of the movement have been “misleading the innocent people in the name
of scheduled areas”, and “erecting stone slabs presenting wrong interpretation of the
Constitution”. As a result of these FIRs, individuals spent many months in jail.

The ongoing events in Khunti reveal multiple fault lines in the legal system, and multiple faults
in those who implement it. A century-and-a-half after it was first enacted into the Indian Penal
Code by the colonial government, the vague, ambiguous, and unclear wording of the sedition
provision continues to make it ripe for abuse. Sedition is defined as “disaffection” against the
government, or bringing it into “hatred or contempt”.

It should be immediately obvious that the scope of these words is boundless, and boundlessly
manipulable. However, when the sedition law was challenged in 1962, the Supreme Court of
India chose to uphold it, while claiming to “narrow it down”. The court noted that only acts
that had a “tendency” to cause public disorder would fall within the scope of the section.

As the years since that judgment have shown, however, this dictum had no impact whatsoever
on the abuse of the sedition law. To start with “tendency to cause public disorder” was almost
as vague as the text or the original section. Second, as long as the section continued to exist in
the form that it did, the police could, and did continue to invoke it to stifle protest and dissent;
and trial courts could and did continue to refuse bail to jailed people. The failure, thus, extended
to every wing of the state: to Parliament, for allowing the provision to remain on the statute
books, to the Supreme Court for not striking it down when it had the chance, to State
governments and State police, that have found in it a ready tool of oppression, and to lower
courts, that enable prolonged incarceration of people under the section.

It hardly needs to be said that “encounters” — and “fake encounters” — take place because
there do not exist adequate structures of accountability. Without those structures, the police
effectively operate in a zone of impunity. In 2009, the then High Court of Andhra Pradesh
passed a landmark judgment, in which it attempted to create a regime of accountability. Central
to this regime was the requirement that encounter deaths would be investigated as if they were
murder cases. An FIR would have to be registered against the police officers responsible for
the encounter, and to the extent that they invoked self-defence they would have to prove it.

The High Court’s judgment, however, was stayed by the Supreme Court, which then passed a
series of vague and unclear guidelines a few years later, on the same subject. Even this regime,
however, was given a go-by in the recent Telangana encounter case, where, acting on a public
interest litigation, the Supreme Court stayed all pending proceedings (including before the
Telangana High Court, which was following the guidelines), and handed over the investigation
to a “committee”, with a six-month reporting period, to boot.

The Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh incidents show that the rule of law and the Constitution
continue to fail those who need it the most, and in the places where it is needed the most. And
the root cause of this failure is the active complicity of the very actors who we most expect to
maintain the rule of law: clearly, abusive laws are enacted by Parliament, upheld by courts,
misused by the police, and sanctioned (again) by courts.

19) In the above passage, the author has discussed issue of-
 (a) sedition

(b) fake encounter

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) terrorism

20) According to the author, the fact that FIRs lodged by police against tribal people
recorded "attacking with sticks and traditional weapons" indicates-

(a) misreporting of incidents by police

(b) underreporting of incidents by police

(c) truthful reporting of incidents by police

(d) None of the above

21) The author holds the following responsible for misuse of Indian laws-

(a) legislature
(b) executive
(c) judiciary
(d) All of the above
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

22) India Quarterly (IQ) is the flagship publication of

a) Indian Legal Association
b) Indian Council of World Affairs (ICWA)
c) Bar Association of India
d) None of the above
23) The Bar Council of India publishes a journal called
a) Indian Law Review
b) Journal of India
c) Indian Bar Review
d) None of the above
24) The Law Quarterly Review’s founding editor was
a) Frederick Pollock
b) Francis Baker
 c) Sadhanand Shetty
d) None of the above
25) The subject area covered by One India One People magazine is/are
a) Law & Judiciary
b) Police Reforms
c) Consumer Rights
d) All the above
26) In the citation 1997 AIR SCW 04 what does “4” stand for?
a) Volume Number
b) Page Number
c) Journal Number
d) None of the above
27) In the case title “Vishaka & Ors. V/s. State of Rajasthan & Ors” what does “State of
Rajasthan” stand for?
a) Petitioner
b) Respondent
c) Defendant
d) Place of action
28) What is the abbreviation for All England Law Reports?
a) AELR
b) ALR
c) AEL Reports
d) All ER
29) What does the word amicus curia mean?
a) Friendship is important
b) American Courts are superior
c) Friend of the Court
d) Courts must solve matters amicably
30) What is meant by ratio decidendi?
a) Friend of the court
b) Property divided by ratio
c) Rationale of the court
d) Judges expression
31) The statement “Be it enacted by Parliament in the forty fifth year of the Republic of India
as follows” in an Act is the
a) Long title
b) Enacting Formula
c) Short title
d) Preamble
32) The Gazette of India is
a) Public Document
b) Private document
c) Personal Document
d) None of the above
33) An affidavit is a
a) Acclaimed statement
b) Sworn Statement
c) Original Statement
d) Affinity Statement
34) Fill in the blanks: Bail is _______ while Jail is _________
a) Rule; Exception
b) Exception; Rule
c) Right; Wrong
d) Law; Remedy
35) Plaint is defined in ________ of CPC
a) Order 5
b) Order 6
c) Order 7
d) Order 8
36) __________ is a legal order whereby a person is either restrained from doing an act, or
ordered to perform an act.
a) Certiorari
b) Writ
c) Injunction
d) Obiter Dictum
37) Which of the following is a type of jurisdiction?
a) Pecuniary
 b) Territorial
c) Subject matter
d) All the above
38) ____________ refers to a set of facts or allegations that make up the grounds for filing a
lawsuit.
a) Jurisdiction
b) Cause of Action
c) Issue
d) None of the above
39) Which of the following are the requisites of a valid custom?
a) Uncertainty
b) Lack of Clarity
c) Immoral
d) None of the above
40) Arbitration in India is governed by
a) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
b) Arbitration Act, 2019
c) Arbitration, Conciliation and Mediation Act, 2012
d) Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1922

DO AS DIRECTED

Identify the sentence type:

41) I ate a piece of chocolate cake.

a) Active voice
b) Passive voice
c) Neither
d) Both
42) A book was read to the students by the librarian.
a) Active voice
b) Passive voice
c) Neither
d) Both
43) She was not ready to meet him
 a) Assertive sentence
b) Negative Sentence
c) Exclamatory sentence
d) Interrogatory sentence
44) Dead men tell no tales
a) Simple sentence
b) Compound Sentence
c) Complex sentence
d) Exclamatory sentence
45) The report that he has failed has surprised us all.
a) Simple sentence
b) Compound Sentence
c) Complex sentence
d) Interrogatory sentence
46) Sita is not more beautiful than some other girls in the class
a) Positive sentence
b) Comparative sentence
c) Superlative sentence
d) None of the above

Fill in the blanks:

47) She told me ________ she _______ her parents at the weekend
a) That; has visited
b) That; had visited
c) Saying; will be visiting
d) None of the above
48) He said _______ he would have visited the hospital, if he _______I was sick.
a) Me; knew
b) Her that; will know
c) That; had known that
d) None of the above
49) She ________ where I was going
a) Said me
 b) Asked me
c) Said
d) None of the above
50) What a beautiful scenery (_)
a) ?
b) !
c) “ “
d) ,

Legal Language

DESCRIPTIVE

1. Explain the State.

2. What is the use of power of attorney?
3. Explain the maxim Res Ipsa Loquitor.
4. Explain any two kinds of persons.
5. What the meaning of custom?
6. Write about the SCC.
7. Explain the procedure of searching the case laws.
8. Write any five guidelines issued in D K Basu case.
9. Write a short essay on ‘Importance of legal education’.
10. Write about any three parts of the statute.
11. Write guidelines issued in M C Mehta case.
12. Write guidelines issued in Vishakha case.
13. Explain the maxim De Minimis Non Curat Lex
14. Explain the maxim Salus populi est suprema lex
15. Explain the maxim Rex non protest peccare
16. Explain the maxim Nemo debet bis vexari pro una et eadem
causa
17. Explain the maxim Ignorantia facit doth excusat, Ignorance juris
non-excusat
18. Explain the maxim Audi alteram partem
19. Explain the maxim Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea
20. What is law report?
21. What is the importance of law report?
22. How to search the case law?
23. Explain any three parts of the statues?
24. Write about the One India One People.
25. Write about the Lawyers Collective.
26. Write a short essay on ‘Road Safety rules and awareness’
 27. What is the difference between the short title and long title?
28. Explain the maxim Nemo Est hareres viventis
29. Explain the following citation
Ajay Hasia vs. Khalid Mujib, AIR 1981 SC 487

1.

THE MATERNITY BENEFIT ACT, 1961

(Act No.53 of 1961)
[12 December 1961]
th

An Act to regulate the employment of women in certain establishment for

certain periods before and after child-birth and to provide for maternity
benefit and certain other benefits.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Twelfth Year of the Republic of India
as follows:
1. Short title, extent and Commencement
1. This Act may be called the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961.
2. It extends to the whole of India.
3. It shall come into force on such date as may be notified in this behalf
in the Official Gazette.
Identify the following.
a. Marginal notes
b. Enacting formula

31.THE MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ACT, 1971

(Act No.34 of 1971)

[10 August 1971]

th

An Act to provide for the termination of certain pregnancies by registered

medical practitioners and for matters connected therewith or incidental
thereto.
Be it enacted by Parliament in the Twenty-Second Year of Republic of India
as follows:

1. Short title, extent and Commencement

1. This Act may be called the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act,
1971.
2. It extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu and
Kashmir.
3. It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government
may, by notification in official Gazette.
Identify the following
a. Official citation
b. Sections
1.

THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ACT, 1993

(Act No.10 of 1994)

[8 January 1994]
TH

An Act to provide for the Constitution of a National Human Rights

Commission, State Human Rights Commission in States and Human Rights
Courts for better protection of human rights and for matters connected
therewith or incidental thereto.

Be it enacted by Parliament in the Forty-fourth Year of the Republic of India

as follows;
1. Short title, extent and Commencement
1. This Act may be called the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
2. It extends to the whole of India.
3. It shall be deemed to have come into force on the 28 day of September
th

1993.

Identify the following

a. Extent
b. Commencement

33. Explain the maxims of natural justice

34. Examine the maxim that says king can do no wrong
35.Explain the maxim that protects against bias.
35. Explain the maxim which begins Injura non remota causa
37.Which is the maxim which rules that people cannot be liable for act of god? Explain
38. Explain res ipsa loquitor
39. Why law recognises every man’s house as his castle?
40. What indicate intention? Explain the maxim with exceptions
41. Can a new law be retrospective? Which maxim explains this?
42.Explain Noscitur asocis
43. Which maxim is on vicarious liability? Explain
44. Explain the consequence of death of a person on his right to initiate legal action.
45. Explain the important maxim on transfer of right/property
46.Explain the maxim on protection of those who are vigilant.
48. What are wrongs?
49. What is a stay order? Explain with example
50. What is an injunction? What are its kinds?
51. Distinguish between discharge and acquittal
52.Write about 2 cases where amicus curie were appointed.
53. What is cause of action? Give example
54.What is arbitration? How is it important?
55.What do you understand by gazette?
56. What is jurisdiction? What are its kinds?
57. What is “Current Indian Statutes”?
58.Who are legal heirs?
59. What is judgment?
60.What is conviction?
61. Explain international Law.
62. Explain appeal, review and revision.
63. What are issues? How are they different from facts?
64. What do you understand by bail?
65. What is the rule in “ Leges Posterior es prioress Contrarias Abrogant”?
66. Who files a suit? Explain

COMPREHENSION ( each has 3 marks )

67.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –
All of us complain at one time or another. But there are some people who complain regardless.
Complaining is a way of life with them; they cannot stop cribbing, they keep on complaining!
The traffic is too bad; the telephone lines are congested; the weather is too hot or cold; people
are rude or indifferent; servants are lazy and inefficient; the subordinates are insubordinate!
Those who complain constantly do not wish to take responsibility for themselves and their
actions. Ask them why their goals are not accomplished, and they will come up with excuses.
When we complain and criticize constantly, we are inviting negativity into our lives.
a) When do all complain?
b) What answer do those who complain give if asked why their goals are not
accomplished?

68. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –

The basic function of Parliament is to make laws. All legislative proposals have to be
brought in the form of Bills before Parliament. A Bill is a statute in draft and cannot
become law unless it has received the approval of both the Houses of Parliament and
the assent of the President of India.
 The process of law making begins with the introduction of a Bill in either House of
Parliament. A Bill can be introduced either by a Minister or a member other than a
Minister. In the former case, it is called a Government Bill and in the latter case, it is
known as a Private Member's Bill.
A Bill undergoes three readings in each House, i.e., the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha,
before it is submitted to the President for assent.

a. Give the passage a suitable title

b. What is Government Bill?

Source: PASSAGE OF LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS IN PARLIAMENT -

http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Legislation/Legislation.aspx

69.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –

It is difficult to compare countries because various factors such as size, culture, history,
geography, natural endowments, geopolitics and internal polity come into play. There are some
goals which can be achieved by smaller countries; but sometimes smaller countries find it
difficult to embark upon certain big technological plans even if they have the funds, because
the size of the domestic market is too small. If we consider the bigger countries, the closest
comparison to India is China, though there are many crucial differences.
The Chinese vision is to prepare the country for entry into the ranks of mid-level developed
nations by the middle of the twenty-first century. Acceleration of the nation's economic growth
and social development by relying on advances in science and technology is pivotal in this.

a. Why comparison between two countries becomes difficult?

b. What is the goal of China to be accomplished by the middle of 21st century?
This paragraph is taken from:

https://www.smartkeeda.com/Law_Exams/English_including_comprehension/CLAT_
English_Quiz/newest/all/passage/CLAT_English_Quiz_20/

70.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –

In many countries the legal systems are very complex. This is because they have been
developed over very long times. Every time that a new case is decided it can have an effect on
future cases. This means that the people who work in legal situations have to be clever. They
have to know and understand all the rules and precedents. A precedent is when a previous
decision will have an effect on future cases as it was related to an important point.
There are many people who work with the law, such as solicitors or judges.
A solicitor is a lawyer who spends most of their time advising their clients and preparing legal
documents, such as wills or contracts for buying and selling houses. They need to be very
careful and make sure that all the details are correct; otherwise their clients might lose a lot of
money.
A barrister is a type of lawyer who works in court rooms. They will either work for the
prosecution or defense sides.
Then there are judges and magistrates. A magistrate will hear trials about less serious crimes,
while a judge’s will be about more serious crimes. These are the people who have to decide
what punishment will be given to someone who is guilty. The punishments could range from a
small fine up to a long prison sentence, and even a death sentence in some countries. The trial
happens in the judge’s courtroom, so the judge is responsible for making sure the trial is run
fairly and follows the law.
If a lawyer believes that a trial was not fair or there was a mistake in the law, they can ask for
a new trial that will generally be hear by an appeal court where an appeal judge will be in
charge. Often appeal judges will be the most experienced judges in a country, so they know a
lot about the law and how to apply it.

a. What is this passage talking about?

b. What is the importance of precedent?

This passage is taken from:

https://www.excellentesl4u.com/esl-legal-reading.html

71.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –

As a society consists of all kinds of people, there is always a chance of one group of
people to be in the position of authority and dominance due to certain factors like
money, power, and status to rule over the other groups who are relatively weak. This
scenario is nothing new for every society once in a while have experienced such a setup.
Not only this but society is subjected to several other issues as well. Some of the notable
being poverty, drug abuse, corruption, prostitution, rape, lynching, child marriage, acid
attacks, child labour, discrimination in the form of caste, race, colour, gender etc. Law
acts as a driving wheel for society to eliminate all forms of hurdles by bringing
legislation and statutes that will help make a difference in the present and the future
society. Law plays an indispensable role in bringing in a social change. A lawless
society is absent of harmony and peace between the people and the society.

a. What role does law play in society?

b. What does this passage convey to you?

Extract taken from https://blog.ipleaders.in/can-law-used-instrument-creating-

social-change/

72.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –

Sustainable development is an organizing principle for meeting human

development goals while also sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide
the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society
depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resources
are used to continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and
stability of the natural system. Sustainable development can be defined as development
that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability
of future generations to meet their own needs. While the modern concept of sustainable
development is derived mostly from the 1987 Brundtland Report, it is also rooted in
 earlier ideas about sustainable forest management and 20th-century environmental
concerns. As the concept of sustainable development developed, it has shifted its focus
more towards the economic development, social development and environmental
protection for future generations.

a. Define Sustainable development.

b. What change has been seen after development of concept of Sustainable Development?

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#cite_note-2

73.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow –

“I see you have brought the entire library with you, Mr. Advocate”, remarked the Judge
noticing the excess of books and manuals. “Indeed I have, My Lord”, said the lawyer, “I have
brought all these books to teach you a little about the law.”
Arguments are the fuel that drives the legal profession. It would be appropriate to say that a
healthy argument is an art which is practiced on a daily basis in all courtrooms across the
country. Yes, advocacy is perhaps the only profession where you can reply in the above manner
to your superior, and still get to keep your job. From the rush of the heated arguments one after
another, to taking subtle digs at each other, lawyers are a breed that continuously feed on an
intoxicating and almost addictive urge to outsmart each other. The sense of power that comes
with the black robe and the stiff collar band, is known only to the ones who wear it.
a. What is the essence of profession of advocacy, mentioned in this article?
b. Which art is practiced on daily basis in courtrooms?
Article by Sarang Khanna, Content Marketing Executive at iPleaders.
Source https://blog.ipleaders.in/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-lawyer/