| Introduction of economy a country in respect with production, Ee efines, the condition of Sroponty, delines and supply of money. The study of consumption of goods and services ind economy of any country helps us in findi population as well as the diffe i iti ifferent countries. The. economy of comparing the « India is the 7th largest in the world by nominal Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), In the Indian GDP, service sector's contribution is maximum followed by manufacturing and agriculture. Characteristics of Indian Economy Presently, Indian econoniy is a developing economy. Following are the five main characteristics of Indian economy i, More than 50% of population is engaged in the field of agriculture and related activities, ii. Both private and Public sector co-exists, India opted for mixed economy in Industrial Policy of 1948. iii, Low per capita income (income per Person, it is calculated by measuring total income from all sources and dividing it by the total Population), . iv. More people are employed in the Primary sector, v. Prevalence of under-employment and unemployment — and unequal-distribution of wealth and assets, . Sectors of Indian Economy Following are the three major sectors of Indian economy i, Primary Sector It is directly depend on environment as these tefers to ili Earth’s resource ex-land and water. ©.8. agriculture, forestry, fishing. This sector Contributes 17% (approx) in Indian economy, ii, Secondary Sector It adds values to resources available on Earth and transform these resources into valuable Product. e.g, Manufacturing, mining, electricity, construction, This sector Contributes 32% (approx) in Indian economy.Economy 221 rertiary Sector It is also known it Th diferent. services are transport, communication, sector contributes 51% (approx) fy rt other sectors Of economy are as foffoyy “MOM: femmary Sector It is also a ki ote specifically based on hy Sfrcoay SEE, eda, conan i, jay Sector, I is & top economic. sector High sion are made by top-level executive in the gtteh level in the gon spar and non-profit Organisations ernment, * Drodaced baa aking, uray en 1d Of servi ice sector, but this Rowledge, e.8. information national Income { sational INCOME Measures the et valu, services produced in a country and eteareantsces income during a year. National income (nee foreign stock and it measures the flow of goods sng wy not 8 Sn economy. and services in | Toestimate the National Income, by Dadabhai Naorij in his book ple in India, «Professor VKRV Rao in 1931, divided | into 13 sectors. «+ The Government of India appointed a National Income Committee under the — chairmanshi IF Mahalanobis in 1949. ipssefmpr PC + In January 2015, the Central Statistical Organisation (CSO) introduced the new series of National Accounts Statistics (NAS) with the base year 2011-12 (Seventh series of the base year) in place of the previous series with the base year 2004.05, first attempt was made Poverty and Un-British Indian economy Concepts of National Income six main concepts of National Income are as follow i, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) It is a market value of all goods and services produced within the country. GDP includes net indirect tax and depreciation. GDP is the primary measure of National Income. If GDP is calculated at current market price, it is called as Nominal GDP and when GDP is calculated at a price of base year it is called Real GDP. i. Gross National Product (GNP) It is the monetary value of goods and services produced by citizens of country in the country and outside the country. satan Net National Product (NNP) It is obtained by subtracting depreciation value from Gross National Product. Depreciation is the decrease in the monetary tear. value of assets due to use, wear an Net Domestic: Product (NDP) The NO aaa te ict_minus Sens Soe ea co hd has teen consumed cover the yea she form of housing, vehicle or machinery deterior NDA = GDP — Depreciation yount reasure of the amo simed per person’ im 2 ¥. Per Capita Income (PCI It is of the money that is being ea! conti Per Capita Income of Ni ea. a country lational Income * Population of the Country ' the value 1 Value Added (GVA) It is a measure of Sector of an economy. In national accounts, GVA 's Output minus intermediate consumption, it is. balancing item of the national accounts and production accounts. Human Development Index (HD!) The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) introduced the HDI in its first Human Development Report (HDR), prepared under the stewardship of Mahbub-ul-Hagq in 1990 HDR. It defined human development as the process of ‘widening people's choices as well, as raising the level of well being achieved. Three main indicators of HDI are as follow i. Life Expectancy Index ii, Educational Attainment Index Standard of Living Index + In the 2015 report of HDR, India with a score of 0.609 has been ranked 130 out of 188 countries in terms of HOI Planning in India + Planning provides a forum, in which,the union ministers and chief ministers of states discuss the plans at important stages in their formulation. + The fundamental objective of planning in India is tc achieve an increase in National Income and Per Capit Income. History of Planning in India ‘+ First attempt to initiate economic planning in India w made by Sir M Visvesvaraya, a noted engineer a politician, in 1934 through his book Planned Econoi for India. ein 1938, ‘National Planning Committee’ was. set-up un the chairmanship of Jawaharlal Nehru by the. In National Congress. + In 1944, ‘Bombay Plan’ was presented by 8 lea industrialists of Bombay. It was drafted by i IRD Tata, ree * In 1944, ‘Gandhian Plan’ was given by Shriman Nar Agarwal, * In 1945, ‘People’s Plan’ was given by MN Roy. * In 1950, ‘Sarvodaya Plan’ was given by JP Naray few points of this plan were accepted by the governt222 Assistant Commandant Exam Planning Commission * The Planning Commission was eee Consisted of Prime Minister fico Cele, f inister as the ex-officio Chay, fom Brest ee Sea wae at Depitychaman ene Commission was Montek Singh Ahluwalia, National Development Council * All the plans made + It was set-up on 6th August, Bovernment, the PM was the members, 1952 by a proposal of the ex-officio chairman of NDC. are Union Cabinet Ministers, Chief + Now, both Planning Commission Development Council have been abolished. NITI Aayog - * National Institute for Transforming India (NIT) Aayog came into existence in 2015. It has taken place of Planning Commission, after Planning Commission was abolished by Modi Government in 2014. + Its chairman is Prime: Minister of India, vice-chairperson is Arvind Pangariya and CEO is Amitabh Kant. It is a policy think-tank which aims to foster involvement. and participation of states and Government of India in decision-making process. * The key difference between Planning Commission and Niti Aayog is that while Planning Commission had powers to allocate funds to ministries and states; this function will be now of finance ministry. Niti Aayog is essentially a think-tank and a advisory body. and National Five Year Plans irst Five Year Plan (1951-56) + It was based on Harrod-Domar Model, Targeted growth rate was 2.1% and achieved rate was 3.6%. Only plan to see prices declining, + Its objective to initiate a process of all-round balanced development to ensure a rising national income and a steady improvement in living standards, It emphasised on agriculture, price stability, power and transport. 61 Second Five Year Plan (1956: = y Wo tat «+ Its also called as Mahalanobis Fiat rapid architect PC Mahalanobis. its obiestive Tm oy industralisation, particularly Oe chemicals indsres such a5 on a ee cing and like nitrogenous fertilizers, machine building industry weed thie role of . industrial icy of 1956 emphasise puesto and aecptd te exalishment of socialistic pattern of the ‘society aS 1’ or economic policy. Durgapur, Bhilai an steel plants were founded. Third Five Year Plan (1961-66) ; ah + Its also called Gadgil Yojana. The object er 2 a plan included the expansion of basic’ industri : ‘optimum utilisation of country’s labour pow. Ls reducing the inequalities of income and. a ‘+ Complete failure due to unforeseen misfortunes, viz. Chinese aggression (1962), Indo-Pak War (1965), severest drought (1965-66). Annual Plans (1966-69) * Due to the unfortunate failure of the Third Plan, the production in various sectors of the economy because stagnant. * In 1966, the Government of India declared the devaluation of rupee, with a view to increase the exports of the country. So, the Fourth Plan was postponed and three Annual Plans were implemented. Some of the economists called him period (from 1966-1969) as Plan Holiday. Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74) * ts objectives were growth with stability and progress towards self-reliance. Main emphasis on agricultural growth rate targeted 5.7% but achieved 3.3% growth rate only. + Nationalisation, of 14 , banks Revolution began. Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79) + The Fifth Plan prepared and launched by DD Dhar. He proposed to achieve two main objectives viz, ‘Removal of Poverty’ (Garibi Hatao) and ‘Attainment of Selfreliance’, through promotion of high rate of growth, better distribution of income and a very significant growth in the domestic rate of savings, + It targeted a growth rate of 4:4% but achieved a growth rate of 4.8%. The plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when Janta Government came to power. and the Greenence Economy 223 plan (1978-80) oncept of Rolling PlAN Was given by me esl ‘was brought out by Janta Panty. a fafeares budgeted! Dut unspent at the end ef vent cay id be cartied over to the.next year, oye wou ocus of the plan was enlargement yet potential in agriculture and allied act emuragement t© household “and small ting consumer 80048 for consumption an wredipcomes of the lowest income’ class th imum needs Programme, gath Five Year Plan (1980-85) sah Five Year Plan targeted 5.2%, but achi * Howth rate of 5.7% ut achieved a of the tivities, industries id to raise es. through __jrincludes increase in national income, modemisation of technology, ensuring continuous decrease in poverty nd unemployment, population control through family planning etc severith Five Year Plan (1985-90) | The Seventh Plan aimed at rapid growth in foodgrains production, increased employment opportunities and modern technological development, |. The economy recorded 6% growth rate against the targeted 5%, Indian economy finally broke the Hindu growth rate barrier. Annual Plan (1991-92) Due to severe economic crisis, Eighth Five Year Plan was delayed by 2 years. The intervening years (1990-91 and 1991-92) were declared Annual Plans. Eighth Five Year Plan (1992-97) + It was based on Rao and Manmohan mode of economic ‘growth. It sought to gradually open the Indian economy through LPG Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation measures. + The most notable feature of the Eighth Plan period was that the GDP grew at an average rate of 6.68% exceeding the target growth rate of 5.4%, Ninth Five Year Plan (1997-2002) + ts objective was growth with social justice and equity * Growth rate of GDP during the plan was 5.4% per annum as against the target of 6.5%. Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007) © ts objectives were 10 attain a growlh of 8.1% and reduction of poverty ratio t0 20% By 2007 and {0 by 2012. + Universal access to primary education by 2007+ ; ©The Tenth Plan focussed on ways and means © Correcting the regional imbalance, gender, inequa/ty tducation, health of mother, infants and reducing pollution. + The growth strategy of the Tenth Plan sought to ensur® the tepid growth of those sectors which are most likely to create high quality employment opportunities, which included such sectors as construction, real estate and housing, transport, small-scale industries, modern retailing, entertainment, IT-enabled services etc. ‘& The Tenth Five Year Plan achieved a growth rate of 7.8% below the targeted 8.0%, but higher than all previous five year plans. Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-2012) ‘+ Faster and inclusive development was its central. theme. ‘The growth rate during the Eleventh Plan period was about 8.1%, which is higher than the 7.9% growth rate achieved in the Eleventh Plan. «The Service sector continued to register a growth rate of more than 10%. However, the industrial growth rate showed at 7.9%. Twelfth Five Year Plan (2012-17) = The approach paper to the plan is based on the theme “faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth". Total plan size of Twelfth Plan is ® 37.7 lakh crore, 13.7% more than the Eleventh Plan. «+ The paper indicates 14 key areas to be focussed by the Twelfth Five Year Plan. Some of these are energy transport, natural resources, rural transformation, health, transport, education and skill development. Key Targets There are eleven key targets of Twelfth Five Year Plan, Which are as follow i. Real GDP growth rate 8% (down from earlier 8.1%). fi, Agricultural growth rate 4%. Manufacturing growth rate 10%. ; Consumption poverty to be reduced by 10% points. ¥. Employment 50 million new work opportunities in the non-farm sector. vi. Mean years of schooling increase it to 7 years by 2017. + vii, Infant Mortality Rate (MR) reduce to 25. vili, Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) reduce to 1 per 1000 live births. & Child (0-6) sex ratio raise it to 950 by 2017. x, Total fertility rate reduce it to 2.1. Gross irrigated area increase it from 90 million hectare to 103 million hectare by 2017.224 Assistant Commandant Exam [45 Years Vision Document in Placo | of Five Year Plan ‘The frat 15 years vision document will come ino effect from 2017.18 ater the end of the Tweilh Tvs Your Pax et lated with centtal objective uf exaeation of povety Wa foen ‘come alongwith a 7 years National Development Agenda which vill lay down the programmes, schemes and strategies to achioes & Tong:term vision. The long vi Government Schemes The Government of National Democratic Alliance (NDA) was formed in May, 2014. In its tenure of more than 2 years, the Present government has started various schemes, programmes “and missions in different areas. It is very informative andl helpful to know about these schemes and programmes, Hove is the categorywise description of various schemes and programmes launched. Financial Inclusion Schemes Sampoorna Bima Gram (SBG) Yojana It was launched to expand coverage of Postal Life Insurance (PLI) in a bid to provide affordable life insurance services to people particularly those living in rural areas. Under SBG Yojana, at least one village (having a minimum of 100 households) will be identified in each of revenue districts of country to cover all households of identified village with minimum of one RPLI (Rural Postal Life Insurance) policy each Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyan (PMGDISHA) PMGDISHA was launched on 8th October 2017 . It aims at imparting digital literacy to citizens in rural areas free of cost, It aims to provide access to information, knowledge, education and healthcare. It will create avenues for livelihood generation and financial inclusion through digital payments and help bridge the digital divide. Mission Indradhanush + It_was launched as a seven pronged plan, to revamp functioning of public sector banks in August, 2015. The seven elements include appointments, board of bureau, capitalisation, de-stressing, empowerment, framework of accountability and governance reforms. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) under the Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency (MUDRA). Bank is a new institution being set-up by the Government of India for development and refinancing activities relating to micro units, PMMY three categories of interventions has been named which includes shishu (loan upto € 50000), Kishore (loan ranging upto 5 lakh) and Tarun (loan upto & 10 lakh). PAHAL Yojana The full form of PAHAL Yojana is Pratyaksh Hanstantarit abh Direct Benefit transfer of LPG (DBTL) and concems the LPG customers. PAHAL has been launched in January, 2015. Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana It is India’s National Mission for financial inclusion to ensure access to financial services, namely; banking savings and deposit accounts, remittance, credit, insurance, pension in an affordable manner. This financial ‘inclusion campaign was launched on 28th August, 2014. Soical Security Schemes Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana for Senior Citizens ‘The Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana (PMVVY) was launched on 22nd July, 2017. It is a pension scheme exclusively for senior citizens aged 60 years and above, Under this scheme, senior citizens will get a guaranteed interest of 8% for 10 years depending upon the investment made by them. Tele-Law Initiative ‘Tele-Law’ initiative was launched in collaboration with the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology on 12th June, 2017. The aim of this scheme is to provide legal aid services to the marginalized communities and citizens living in rural areas through the Common Service Centres (CSC) at the Panchayat level, spread across the country, Inclusive India Initiative The conference “Inclusive India Initiative: Towards an Inclusive India” for Intellectual» and Developmental Disabilities (IDDs) was launched on 6th June, 2017. The initiative is specifically catering to persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities; with an objective to include these people in the mainstream and in all important aspects of social life. ¢ Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana The-Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has launched Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh on 4th April, 2017. The scheme aims at «providing physical aids and assisted-living devices for senior citizens belonging to Below Poverty Line (BPL) category. The scheme will be distribute free of cost physical aids and assistec-living devices for Senior citizens belonging to BPL category in Camp mode,Econom pradhan Mantri Ujwala Yojana pradhan Mant lcsremment¥ee Cty Yoana is a welfare scheme of the ene launched in Yen da ov Sa ae women. oy re LPG connections in the pauseholds serene iene in BPL (Below Poverty Line) untry. Atal Pension Yojana (APY) itis a governmentbacked save pension scheme in India tare! atthe unorganised sector. was “a tk nar age is 40 eet joining APY is 18 years and maximum ages 40 yeas. The age of exit and sat of pension would Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana It is @ government-backed accident insurance scheme in India. It was formally launched in May, 2015. It is available to people between 18 and 70 years of age with bank ‘accounts. The premium is just 12 per annum for each member. In case of accidental death or full disability, the payment to the nominee will be <2 lakh and in case of partial permanent disability € 1 lakh will be given Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana It is a government-backed Life Insurance Scheme in India lhunched in May, 2015. Its available to people between 16 argo years of age with bank accounts. It has an annual premium of © 330. Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao tt was launched in January, 2015. The scheme is designed to iithaess the issue of declining Child Sex Ratio and related aeoee of empowerment of women through & life cycle issuer uur, The main objective is to prevent Bender biased cottective elimination by strict enforcement of laws with stringent punishment £0 violators. Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana ‘unched in January, 2015, under tl is scheme was launched iis higher education and marriage. 10 and maximum of € 1 upon which It was la the ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’ campaign. TI to meet the expense of the girl chil Inthe account, a minimum of © 100 te nso thousand can be deposited annually, Tae est of 8.6% will Be accrued. Health Schemes ‘swasth Bachche, Swasth Bharat’ Programme This programme Was launched on 22nd August, 2017. The programme will provide @ comprehensive and inclusive erent card for children coverin all age groups and children reper crent abilities. twill make students, teachers and parents aware about the importance of good health and Parents iy encourage 60 minutes of play each day, y 225 National. In SATH (Sustainable was lat Intensified Missior Ministry of Heal intensified Mission 5017 to accelerate fl | han 90% by December, gramme, Government aims 1 reach each at Fe and al OR Pee mu under eft uncovered under "Re routine immu programme. Pradhan Mantri Su It was launched in June, Mantri Surakshit Matritva women who are suffering their pregnancy. mya Bharat Abhiyan Union Government has ‘Abhiyan (Accessible India Campaign Ara bid to achieve universal, access) iF abilities, It was launched in December, Housing Schemes Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojan tt was launched in March, 2016, It will be implemented in INAS feas across the country except Delhi and Chandigarh. lain areas and ¥ 130000 in ‘hn allowance of © 120000 in pl hilly areas will be provided for construction of homes. men who inisation itva Yojana heme namely Pradhan in, is for the pregnant deseases during rakshit Matri 2016. The sct ‘Yojana Abhiya from several Suga The launched Sugamya Bharat ya nationwide campaign bility to persons with 2015. a Gramin Housing for All it was launched in June, 2015 with affordable housing to urban poor. Under PMAY, it. is proposed to build 2 crore houses for urban poor including Economically weaker sections and low income groups in urban areas by the year 2022. an aim to provide Infrastructure Development Schemes Saubhagya Scheme Saubhagya was launched on 25th Sey : “ sptember, 2017 with am a proving last mile electricity connectivity to all tural ban jouseholds. Under the scheme, government will provi fren elecichy to all households identified und oclofEconomie and Caste Census SECC) data 2011,226 Assistant Commandant Exam Urja Ganga Yojana Wis highly rades ine Crates. The: gas. pipeline penne ‘ooking Gas (PNG) to residents of th ea ‘Country and CNG gas for the ve cs. ' Udan Scheme Resional Connectivity Shey fam Nasi schome was une eg coUOAN, (le ambitious Pipeline project in Va \ vs, Utar 10 provide Piped astern region of the fas launch Desh ka Drimary objective of Reg ale connectivity by marca Setu Bharatam Project It was launched in, Moreh Project asin Stray ang yy a a Sopstucted at “unmanned maine bids would be national highways, oan stimulate regional Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission In an ambitious bid socially and physically sustainable s sustainable spaces. The Rurban Mission Will thus, develop a cluster of smart villages “ Ujjwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) Bctovember, 2015, the government had launched Ujjwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY) scheme to provine permanent solution for financial turn around and vevival ot Power Distribution companies (discoms). Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DUGJY) It was launched in July, 2015. The flagship scheme was launched with an aim’ to provide 24x7” uninterrupted electricity supply to each rural household across the country by 2022. It should be noted that, this scheme replaces Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY). Digital india It was launched in July, 2015. Digital India is a campaign launched by the Government of India to ensure. that Bovernment services are made available to citizens, electronically by improving online infrastructure and. by increasing internet connectivity or by making the country digitally empowered in the field of technology. Smart Cities Mission Smart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and_ retrofitting Programme by the Government of India with a mission to develop 100 cities all over the country making them citizen friendly and sustainable was launched on 25th June, 2015. Smart cities are projected to be equipped with basic infrastructure (citation needed) will offer a good quality of life through smart solutions. i 1s of the urban PART Sn yi mt eo Namami Ganga Yojana - This yojana is an ambitious Union which integrates the efforts to clean an river in a comprehensive manner. ‘overnment project, a protect the Ganga HRIDAY Yojana National Heritage City Developm Yojana (HRIDAY) was launched in January, aim of bringing together urban planning, economic growth and heritage ‘conservation in an inclusive mar reserve the heritage character of each heritage city. ent and Augmentation january, 2015 with the “onomic growth Saansad Adarsh Gram Yojana It was launched in October, 2014 for the development of ‘model villages. Under the yojana, Members of Parliament (MPs will be responsible for developing the Socio-economic and physical infrastructure of three villages each by 2019 and a total of eight villages each by 2024. ‘Swachh Bharat Mission {t was launched on 2nd October, 2014. To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation. It aims to achieve Swachh Bharat by 2019, as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, Employment/Skill Development Schemes Pravasi Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PKVY) It is a skill development programme launched on Sth January, 2017. It is targeted at Indian youth seeking overseas employment to make India the Skill Capital of the World. PKVY will provide training and centify Indians who are seeking overseas employment in selected sectors thet have high demand in the global labour market in line with international standards, Pradhan Mantri Yuva Yojana This scheme was launched to scale up entrepreneur for youngsters. I entrepreneurship education and taining students in 5 years through 3,050 institute easy access to information and mentor hes credit and accelerator and advocacy to for the youth. an ecosystem of will. provide to over 7 lakh 's. It will provide work, incubator, create’ a pathwaya startup India/Stang, pe oo wala Movement “eh ni genet wrovding credit to Scheduler ®, las Cotposite Ioan ey tower be provided to scygit® © 10 lakh any yralarm sector. an Upto 1 crore will working capital component fof ome” aNd also inclusve of any new enterprise. UP India has launched a 10 the Start-up schema aimed at (SC, Scheduled Tribe setting-up pradhan Mantri ka, itwas launched in ju S Yojana (PMKVY) ly, 2015, af Minis of Skill Development ey; 3 88shi programme comptered 0. lakh enrolments gage eBterewshi, has eme has Sunder 2. The Doslpment cone gilerentel by yg he 1012 traning partners afiaed ty the ees NENNOHK of Deen Dayal U (DDU-GKY) Wis @ Government of India youth employment scheme. it was launched in September, 2014 ‘on the occrion of ath birth anniversary of Pandit Deendayel Uscainey.“t aims to target youth, under the age group of 1555 tea A campus of % 1500 crore and is aimed. at enhancing ike employability of rural youth adhyay Grameen Kaushalya Yojana Make in India ‘Make in India is an initiative launched by the Govemment of India to encourage multinational, as well as national companies to manufacture their products in India. It was launched in September, 2014. India hoped to emerge, after initiation of the programme in 2015 as the top destination elobally for foreign direct investment, surpassing the United States of America as well as the People’s Republic of China Skill India Skill India is a campaign launched in July, 2015 with an aim to train over 40 crore people’ in India in different skills by 2022. It includes various initiatives of the government like National Skill Development Mission, National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, 2015, Pradhan Mane Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and the Skill Loan scheme. USTAAD Scheme USTAAD (Upgrading the AntsiCrafts for Developme May, 2015. The scheme al of minority communities by ancestral arts and crafts skills and Training in’ Traditional wnt) scheme has been launched in ims at upgrading skills and training preservation of traditional Economy © 227 Agriculture-related Schemes Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana is the new crop damage Insurance scheme that has been approved by the Union Cabinet in January, 2016, i will replace the existing two CrOP insurance schemes National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and Modified NAIS. This scheme will help in decreasing the burden of premiums ‘on fatmers who take loans for their cultivation and will also safeguard them against the inclement weather. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana ‘ The broad objectives of PMKSY are — Har Khet ko Pani; enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, enhance adoption of precision-irigation and other water saving technologies under ‘More Crop Per Drop’ and promotion of micto-irrigation in the form of drips, sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan) Soil Health Card Scheme The Soil Health Card. scheme has been launched in February, 2015. The ‘Soil Health Card’ would carry ccrop-wise recommendations of nutrients/fertlizers required for farms in a particular village, so that the farmers can improve productivity by using inputs judiciously. Rashtriya Gokul Mission It was launched in July, 2014 by the govemment for conservation and development of indigenous breeds in a focussed and scientific manner. Miscellaneous Schemes Pradhan Mantri LPG Panchayat Country-wide Pradhan Mantri LPG Panchayat scheme was launched on 22nd September, 2017 to distribute LPG. connections among rural areas where conventional fuel is used for domestic purposes. It is backup scheme to existing Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana. Mentor Indi Campaign ‘The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aay has launched: Mentor India Campaign on 22nd Aceves 2017. It is a strategic nation building initiative to engage leadets for guiding and mentoring students at Atal Tinkering Labs. The Mentor India Campais impact of Atal Tinkering Labs b nurture and guide students int ign aims at maximising the YY engaging leaders who will the Atal Tinkering Labs,“IGYASA" 5; Gy, 2017. The prograny Athched by the eg eosramime unl Scant wont el MEINE on 7h Collaboration with Kenge’ Industrial eeMented by the and scientists as wel, EMME is to ey nBMthan {KVS), The toa very weg wel a exe eOMIE! School see Med research amet" Slassoom lenning laboratory based teva’ Swadesh Darshan Scheme sed learning households and institutions, Mera Zila Meri Yojana It aims to educate adults in the aj 188 gr0UP of 40-60. This scheme works under the guidance of the National Mission Authority, an independent wing of the Ministry of Human Resources and Development. Pradhan Mantri Khanij Kshetra Kalyan Yojana (PMKKKY) It was launched in September, 2015 for the welfare of tribals and other affected persons in mining areas. Under this scheme, the mining companies will need to contribute 10 to 30% of royalty for welfare of people directly or indirectly affected by mining. Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay Shramev Jayate Karyakram (PDUSJK) lt was launched in October, 2014 by the Government of India. Objective of this scheme is to create conducive environment for industrial development and doing business with ease and also expanding government support to impart skill training for workers. UJALA Scheme The Union Government has launched National » LED Programme-Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA) on 11th March, 2016, The scheme will help reduce electricity bills of consumers, contribute to the energy security of India and also help in environment protection. ‘stant Commandant Exam Poverty iu I can be defined as paucity of certain basic mea viz lacking monetary resource, social security etc. It is of two types, which are as follow Absolute Poverty + It refers to lack of means necessary to meet very basic needs suchas food, shelter and clothing. For measuring absolute poverty a_minimum physical quantity of cereals, pulse ete and the price quotations convert the Bsa quanits ito monetary em + Then aggregating all these quoted price, a figure ‘expressing Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (PCE) determined. If a person is below the fixed PCE, person will be said to be living below poverty line. India uses, this concept to determine the number of people living in poveny. : Relative Poverty ‘When poverty is measured with respect to some value taken as control value, e.g. this concept can be used to Compare two diferent sections of population on the basis of their income or consumption expenditure. This concept also tells about the inequality by using Gini-coveffcient. lees for Estimation of Suresh Tendulkar Committee + It. was constituted by Planning Commission in 2005. ‘Committee recommended a shift away from the calorie based model and made concept of poverty line broader by including monthly spending on education, health, electricity and transpor. Tendulkar Committee adopted the cost of living as the basis for identifying the poor. + This panel suggested a benchmark daily per capita expenditure of € 27 for rural areas and @ 33 for urban areas for estimating population below poverty line. It arrived at final figure which said only 22% of population is below poverty line, Rangarajan Committee Because of criticism of very low level of expenditure fixed by Tendulkar Committee to determine poverty, government appointed Rangarajan committee. Rangarajan Committee raised the level of expenditure to & 32 for rural and & 47 for urban areas, Final estimation of poverty was raised to 30% by this committee.