Intro

Ericho:
Ever wonder about the random things you haven’t discovered yet? The mysteries that lurk just
beyond the edge of our understanding? Or the things we often see with our naked eye but can’t
quite understand? Today, we’re uncovering those things… (pause and smile) So, let’s start!

(shown in vid)

Ericho: (VOICE RECORD) Photon, also known as light quantum, is a minute energy packet of
electromagnetic radiation. The idea of photons arose in 1905 from Albert Einstein's description
of the photoelectric effect, in which he suggested the presence of discrete energy packets
during the transmission of light. Photons are tiny particles of light that carry energy. They are the
fundamental units of light and electromagnetic radiation.

Ericho: (VIDEO) So what is the process of light absorption and reflection and how do cameras
capture reflected photons to create digital images? Let’s find out.
 (shown in vid)

(VOICE RECORD): Let’s take a look at this illustration of light absorption and reflection. The
black umbrella absorbs most of the incoming light (represented by the red, green, and blue
arrows). The arrows entering the umbrella do not reflect back out, indicating that the black
surface absorbs most of the light energy.
Black surfaces tend to absorb all wavelengths of visible light, converting them into heat. This is
why black objects feel hotter under sunlight. Then, the white umbrella reflects most of the
incoming light. The arrows representing light are shown bouncing off the surface of the white
umbrella.
White surfaces reflect most wavelengths of light, which is why they stay cooler compared to
darker surfaces.

(VIDEO): To simply put it, Absorption is when light hits an object. Some wavelengths are
absorbed by the object and some are reflected. The color we perceive an object to be is the
result of the wavelengths of light that are reflected. An example of this is when light hits the
apple (show apple), it contains a range of wavelengths corresponding to different colors. The
apple’s surface absorbs some of these wavelengths while reflecting others.
Reflection happens when light that is not absorbed bounces off the object’s surface. This
reflected light is what we see (enter -> eye shot).

(VIDEO): Now, if you’re wondering how cameras capture reflected photons to create digital
images… You’re in luck! (thumbs up) Because I’m about to explain it to you. (smile)
(enter → camera shot)
VOICE RECORD (patong sa camera shot): Photons play in photography and photons are
remarkable entities. Their path from a light source to our eyes—or a camera lens—enables us
to perceive the world in vivid detail. Now, imagine the world without photons.

(insert videos from internet)

VOICE RECORD: There would be complete darkness.. Human vision would be impossible.
There would be no color perception, no photosynthesis and of course, no images or
photography.

(enter → camera shot #2 → different angle)

VIDEO: Cameras capture reflected photons to create digital images through a series of steps
involving light collection, photon detection, charge conversion, digital processing and image
storage.

VOICE RECORD (patong sa camera shot #2): A camera captures images by collecting the
reflected photons. In essence, a camera captures reflected photons, converts them into
electrical signals through a light sensor, processes these signals into a digital format, and finally
stores the data as a digital image.

PART 2: TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

VIDEO: Sensors are essential when it comes to choosing the right camera. Back in the day,
CCD sensors were widely used in older digital cameras. However, CCD fell behind quite a little
due to the advantages of another image sensor, CMOS…

(VIDEO, different shot): CMOS or Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor sensors have

become a lot more prevalent than CCD sensors. CMOS are defined by their sizes and there are
multiple sensor sizes such as full frame, APS-C and micro four thirds. CMOS is widely used
because of its advantages and it also provides a better experience for the consumers.

(VOICE RECORDING): here are some advantages of CMOS sensors:

* It is more power-efficient.

* Allows faster image processing.

* Ideal for high-speed photography and video recording.

* Less expensive to manufacture.

* Offer more integrated functionality, such as on-sensor processing.

VIDEO: Now, let’s move on to Megapixels. (transition) What are Megapixels? And how many do
you need? *insert video from internet with light bulb*

(VOICE RECORD): A pixel is the smallest unit of a digital image, representing a single point of
color in the image. A megapixel is one million pixels. An example of this is if a camera sensor
can capture images with 12 million pixels, it is referred to as a 12–megapixel camera.
Megapixels are often used to describe the resolution of digital cameras or the size of the images
they can produce.

When you take a photo, pixels are small squares arranged on your photo, each representing a
different color. Zoom in and you’ll see a bunch of colored squares, these are pixels.

VIDEO: Now if you’re wondering, are more megapixels always better?.. Well, not necessarily. It
is true that megapixels can provide more detail. However, this also depends on the size of the
sensor, the quality of the lens and how the camera you’re using handles things like noise and
dynamic range.

VIDEO (different angle): If you’re in for everyday photography, cameras with 12 to 24

megapixels are more than enough to produce high quality images.

(transition) Now, that being the case, sensors and megapixels are not the only ones to
contribute to the different specifications of a camera. There’s also ISO Range.

VIDEO: First, what is ISO?

VOICE RECORD (show illustration of ISO): ISO stands for the International Organization for
Standardization, which sets the standardized measurement system for camera sensitivity. In
digital photography, ISO indicates how sensitive the image sensor is to light.

(shown in vid)

VOICE RECORD: As you can see in the picture, there are Low and High ISO values. Low ISO
values, 100-200, means that the sensor is less sensitive to light, this is ideal for shooting in
bright conditions like on a sunny day.
High ISO Values, 1600 or higher, makes the sensor more sensitive to light. This is useful in
low-light situations like in nighttime photography but this can result in graininess into the image.

(transition) VIDEO: Now, what is ISO range? The ISO range of a camera refers to the range of
sensitivity settings available for the sensor. It typically starts at a base ISO or as I’ve explained,
the low values.

(shown in vid, at least 2-4

pics)

VOICE RECORD: However, it can go up to very high values and can even reach 102400 in
some high-end cameras. Most cameras have a standard range like ISO 100 to ISO 6400, which
is sufficient for typical lighting conditions.

Some cameras offer an extended ISO range that allows you to push beyond the standard
settings, however Extended ISO values are typically achieved through digital amplification and
may result in higher noise levels.

VIDEO: In conclusion, image sensors, megapixels and ISO range all interplay. Sensor size,
megapixel count and ISO range defines the ability of the camera to produce high-quality images
and videos. These specifications are vital for the camera to function properly, provide better
experience and be in its best as possible.

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PART 4: Reflection: Write a personal reflection on the importance of understanding

digital imaging and sound in media production.

Understanding digital imaging and sound in media production is vital for anyone creating
different types of content. Today, there are people called “content creators”. These people are
creative and witty and always have a new idea for their never-ending images or videos.
Understanding what digital media and sound put into media production is important because it
allows us to craft creatively, manipulate our reality and elicit our emotions. Pairing digital media
with the right sound is equally crucial in shaping the audience’s experience. You can have the
right video but if the sound doesn’t fit, it would be meaningless. A sound can transform a scene
from mundane to memorable and sound gives more depth to the narrative. Digital imaging and
sound is what makes the production complete because they are the primary tools that help
production come to life.

There might be some challenges along the way, such as resources are limited especially if you
aren’t a professional and you don’t have the expensive equipment needed. Also, continuous
learning is important in production because if you aren’t trying to improve or learn new skills
such as editing in Adobe Premiere or After Effects, it would be hard for you to execute and finish
the project. It is vital for us to continuously improve and be willing to learn new things, adjust
and expand our creativity and abilities.

It is essential for media producers to properly grasp these concepts because without having the
ability to do so, a media producer’s creativity and connectedness would be totally limited.