A FIELD GUIDE TO
URBAN PLANNING
FRONDARINA, FRIANNE LEIL A.
BS ARCHITECTURE 4B
URBAN
PLANNING
A TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL
PROCESS THAT FOCUSES ON THE
DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGN OF
LAND USE AND THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT.
IT INVOLVES ELABORATING
SOLUTIONS THAT AIM TO IMPROVE
AN EXISTING URBAN AREA, AS
WELL AS TO CREATE A NEW
URBANIZATION.
CONCERNED WITH THE PHYSICAL
FORM, ECONOMIC FUNCTIONS,
AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE
URBAN ENVIRONMENT.
HISTORY
OF URBAN PLANNING
ANCIENT CLASSICAL PERIOD MEDIEVAL PERIOD
CIVILIZATIONS (500 CE - 1400 CE) (500 CE - 1500 CE)
(3000 BCE - 500 CE)
THE EARLIEST FORMS ARE IN GRECO-ROMAN URBAN AS ROME DECLINED, URBAN
MESOPOTAMIA, EGYPT, AND PLANNING INFLUENCED CENTERS DECAYED.
THE INDUS VALLEY. ROME'S DEVELOPMENT. MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN
THE SOCIETIES DEVELOPED THE CITY FEATURED TOWNS EMERGED WITH
ORGANIZED CITY LAYOUTS FORUMS, TEMPLES, WELL- FORTIFIED WALLS, NARROW
WITH GRID-LIKE STREET PLANNED STREETS, AND STREETS, AND CENTRAL
PATTERNS, ADVANCED ENGINEERING MARVELS LIKE MARKETPLACES.
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, AND AQUEDUCTS AND SEWAGE THE CHURCH PLAYED A
DESIGNATED AREAS FOR SYSTEMS. CENTRAL ROLE IN PLANNING
RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, CATHEDRALS AND
AND RELIGIOUS PURPOSES. SURROUNDING AREAS.
RENAISSANCE AND INDUSTRIAL CITY BEAUTIFUL MOVEMENT
BAROQUE REVOLUTION (LATE 19TH -
(1400 CE - 1700 CE) (18TH - 19TH CENTURIES) EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)
INFLUENCED CITY INDUSTRIALIZATION LED TO AIMED TO ENHANCE URBAN
PLANNING, STRESSING URBANIZATION AND THE AESTHETICS WITH
SYMMETRY, PROPORTION, NEED FOR EFFICIENT MONUMENTAL
AND GRANDEUR. PLANNING. ARCHITECTURE, PARKS, AND
MONUMENTAL FACTORY TOWNS AND CIVIC PRIDE, RESPONDING
ARCHITECTURE, GRAND COMPANY HOUSING TO INDUSTRIALIZATION.
SQUARES, AND WIDE EMERGED CHICAGO'S COLUMBIAN
BOULEVARDS WERE REFORMERS ADVOCATED EXPOSITION IN 1893 IS A
EMPHASIZED. FOR GARDEN CITIES AS A NOTABLE EXAMPLE.
PARIS AND VIENNA RESPONSE TO
UNDERWENT SIGNIFICANT OVERCROWDED AND
TRANSFORMATIONS IN THIS UNSANITARY URBAN
ERA. ENVIRONMENTS
MODERNISM POST-MODERNISM AND
(EARLY TO MID-20TH CONTEMPORARY PLANNING
CENTURY) (LATE 20TH CENTURY -
PRESENT)
IN THE EARLY 20TH IN THE LATTER HALF OF THE
CENTURY, MODERNIST 20TH CENTURY, POST-
PLANNING EMERGED, MODERNISM EMERGED AS A
EMPHASIZING SHIFT AWAY FROM
FUNCTIONALITY, MODERNIST PRINCIPLES.
EFFICIENCY, AND A BREAK IT EMBRACED DIVERSITY,
FROM TRADITIONAL STYLES. HISTORIC PRESERVATION,
LE CORBUSIER'S "RADIANT AND PARTICIPATORY
CITIES" AND ZONING WERE PLANNING WHILE
INFLUENTIAL, BUT THE ERA EMPHASIZING SUSTAINABLE
FACED CRITICISM FOR DEVELOPMENT AND SMART
DISREGARDING LOCAL GROWTH IN URBAN
CONTEXT AND COMMUNITY PLANNING.
NEEDS.
T THEORY #1
THE GARDEN CITY
H MOVEMENT
EBENEZER HOWARD'S IDEA OF
E
CREATING SELF-SUFFICIENT
COMMUNITIES SURROUNDED BY
GREENBELTS COMBINED RURAL AND
URBAN LIVING WITH A FOCUS ON
O 1 SUSTAINABILITY, SOCIAL EQUITY, AND
A HIGH QUALITY OF LIFE.
R
THEORY #2
THE THEORY OF
I THE CITY
DEVELOPED BY CHICAGO SCHOOL
SOCIOLOGISTS
E POSITS THAT CITIES ARE ORGANIC
ENTITIES THAT EVOLVE.
IT EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF
UNDERSTANDING THE FACTORS THAT
2
S SHAPE URBAN DEVELOPMENT.
T THEORY #3
THE THEORY OF
H COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
E DEVELOPED IN THE 1960S
EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AND
EMPOWERMENT IN THE PLANNING
O 3 PROCESS.
R
THEORY #4
CENTRAL PLACE
I THEORY
DEVELOPED BY GERMAN GEOGRAPHER
WALTER CHRISTALLER IN THE 1930S
E A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CITIES
AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
THE LOCATION AND SIZE OF URBAN
4
S CENTERS
T
H THEORY #4
E CENTRAL PLACE
THEORY
O DEVELOPED BY GERMAN GEOGRAPHER
WALTER CHRISTALLER IN THE 1930S
A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING
R 5
THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CITIES
AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE
THE LOCATION AND SIZE OF URBAN
CENTERS
I
E
S
SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
RESILIENCE
CULTURAL PRESERVATION
AIM ACCESSIBILITY
HOUSING AFFORDABILITY
SMART GROWTH
EFFICIENT LAND USE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVES
QUALITY OF LIFE
EQUITABLE ACCESS
PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY
URBAN PLANNING
ELEMENTS
COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
CONNECT THE PARTS OF CITIES
INCLUDES ROAD, RAIL, BICYCLE, AND
PEDESTRIAN NETWORKS
ROADWAYS
RAILWAYS
WATERWAYS
AIRWAYS
BUILT UP
AREAS (BUILDINGS)
MOST PRONOUNCED ELEMENTS IN
URBAN
THEY SHAPE AND ARTICULATE SPACES
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
PUBLIC/SEMIPUBLIC BUILDINGS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
OPEN
AREAS
THE LIVING ROOM AND THE GREEN PART OF A
CITY
MAKE HIGH-QUALITY LIFE
THE LANDSCAPE HELPS DEFINE THE
CHARACTER AND BEAUTY OF A CITY
RECREATIONAL: PARKS, PLAYFIELDS, AND
PUBLIC SPACES
OPEN LANDS: GRAVEYARDS AND BARREN
LANDS
PUBLIC UTILITY
SERVICES
ARE SOCIAL MUNICIPAL SERVICES
THAT ARE ESTABLISHED AT DIFFERENT
LEVELS IN DIFFERENT PLACES OF
URBAN AREAS
WATER SUPPLY
DRAINAGE & ELECTRICITY
TELEPHONE
ELECTRIC CITY
PUBLIC
AMENITIES
ARE SERVICES PROVIDED TO THE PUBLIC
EDUCATION
HEALTH
POST OFFICE
POLICE STATION
FIRE BRIGADE
REFUSE DEPOSITS
URBAN PLANNING
PRINCIPLES
GREEN BELTS
AN INVISIBLE LINE DESIGNATING A BORDER
AROUND A CERTAIN AREA
A NON-DEVELOPMENT ZONE ON THE
PERIPHERY OF THE TOWN
PREVENTS HAPHAZARD SPRAWL
HOUSING
LAND USE PLANS REQUIRE
DESIGNATED ZONES FOR
INDEPENDENT HOUSING, MIDRISE,
AND HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
ENSURES RESOURCE EFFICIENCY AND
A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY
TRANSPORATATION
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING ASSUMES TWO
THINGS:
A. LAND USE ACTIVITIES OCCUR AT BOTH
THE ORIGIN AND DESTINATION
B. MOVEMENT DEMANDS CREATE A
QUANTIFIABLE RELATIONSHIP THAT
REMAINS CONSTANT IN THE FUTURE.
RECREATION
FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE
DEMAND FOR RECREATION CENTERS:
A. POPULATION GROWTH
B. CHANGING WORK PATTERN
C. INCOME
D. EDUCATION
E. CAR OWNERSHIP
ZONING
DIVIDING THE TOWN INTO DISTINCT ZONES
WITH WELL-DEFINED RULES AND
REGULATIONS TAILORED TO EACH ZONE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR ITS OPTIMAL DEVELOPMENT
AND GROWTH.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
INCLUDES EVERYTHING A
COMMUNITY NEEDS TO SUPPORT ITS
RESIDENTS
BUILDINGS SHOULD BE
SOPHISTICATED FOLLOWING SUCCESS
AND COMMUNITY’S IDENTITY.
ROAD SYSTEMS
ROAD NETWORK HIERARCHY IS VERY
IMPORTANT
THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TOWN IS MEASURED
BY THE LAYOUT OF ITS ROAD
