Philosophies of Education Which philosophies are Which philosophies are

expressed in the DepEd expressed in the K to 12

Vision, Mission Statements, Curriculum Framework and
Core Values, Mandate? Give Guide Sec 5 of RA 10533?
proof. Give proof.
1. Essentialism-teach mastery Essentialism-The core values Essentialism-List of standards
of the basics, the curriculum of maka- Diyos, maka-tao. competencies leamers. and
is prescribed; subject matter- maka-kalikasan and maka that are expected to attain is
centered there are universal, bansa show that DepEd is the subject matter that
objective values, inculcate essentialist. DepEd believes students are expected to learn.
values in subject matter unchanging in values that -Essentialist
need to be inculcated.

2. Perennialism-teach those The DepEd Mission in which In K-12 Curriculum

that last, the classics; there Students learn in a child- Framework which is making
are universal values; inculcate friendly, gender-sensitive the Curriculum Relevant to
these universal, objective safe, and motivating learners (Contextualization
values environment shows that applied and Enhancement),
DepEd applied Perennialism Students needed to acquire in
to their DepEd Mission as depthknowledge, skills,
they believes that if the values, and attitudes through
learners engage with this kind continuity and consistency
of environment, it is possible across all levels and subjects
that they become friendly and in order to bring a good
good citizen of our country in values and characteristic to
the future as they bring a Their future from what they
good values that they learned are learned in schools.
in schools. **Here’s a simpler way to say
that:**

Students should learn things

in a way that makes sense to
them and their lives. This
means that what they learn
should be connected to their
experiences and should be
taught the same way
throughout all their years in
school. This helps them to
develop good values and
become successful in the
future.

3. Progressivism - very child Progressivism - The fact that the Curriculum Development, The
centered; teach those that DepEd is a learner-centered curriculum must be learner
interest the child; one learns by institution that is constantly centered, inclusive, and
experience; learners learn by improving itself to better serve developmentally appropriate,
doing so teacher ‘s teaching is its stakeholders demonstrates demonstrating how
experiential; values are that the DepEd is progressive. Progressivism is used in this law
subjective; no inculcation of DepEd believes that learners **Here’s a simpler way to say
values since they are subjective; learn by doing as well as by that:**
instead teachers help students teaching about topics in which
clarify their values they are interested The curriculum should focus
on the student’s needs,
include everyone, and be
based on what students are
capable of at each age. This
shows how the idea of
progressivism, which
emphasizes learning through
experience and adapting to
change, is used in the
curriculum.

4. Reconstructionism - school is Reconstructionism - The The Curriculum Relevant To

agent of change; schooling is administrators and staffs, as Learners (Contextualization And
preparing students for the stewards of the institution, Enhancement) demonstrates
social changes; teaching is ensure an enabling and that there is an application of
involving the students in supportive environment for Reconstructionism in which the
discussions of moral dilemmas effective learning to occur students discuss the issues.
demonstrates that DepEd is **Here’s a simpler way to say
reconstructionism. DepEd that:**
believes that teaching is
involving students in discussions The curriculum should focus
of moral quandaries in order for on teaching students about
them to understand the
real-world problems and
consequences of their actions
having them discuss these
issues. This shows how the
idea of reconstructionism,
which emphasizes using
education to solve social
problems, is being applied in
the curriculum.

5. Existentialism - Teachers Existentialism- Teachers It demonstrates that there is a

teach learners to make a choice, facilitate learning and proof of Existentialism that can
to make decisions and not constantly nurture every learner be used to allow students to
merely to follow the crowd; one in the DepEd mission, choose a specialization based
who does not make a choice demonstrating that DepEd is on aptitude, interests, and
and so simply follow others do existentialism. DepEd believes school capacity. The subjects a
not leave meaningful life that society should not limit an student will take in Grades 11
individual's life or actions and 12 will be determined by
because such limitations inhibit the career path he or she
free will and the development chooses.
of that person's potential. **Here’s a simpler way to say
that:**

This shows that students

should be able to choose
their own subjects in grades
11 and 12 based on what
they are good at, what they
like, and what the school can
offer. This is based on the
idea of existentialism, which
believes that individuals are
free to make their own
choices and create their own
meaning in life.

6. Pragmatism - That which is Pragmatism- The DepEd Vision, The Curriculum Is Relevant To
useful, that which is practical which enables them to realize Learners, it also demonstrates
and that which works is what is their full potential and the use of Pragmatism as
good; that which is efficient and meaningfully contribute to the students acquire in-depth
effective is that which is good. nation's building, demonstrates knowledge, skills, values, and
6.g. showing a video clip on that DepEd used Pragmatism attitudes through continuity and
mitosis is more efficient and because they believe that consistency in order to
more effective and therefore teaching students things that encourage them to grow into
more practical than teacher are practical for life encourages better people at all levels.
coming up with a visual aid by them to grow into better **Here’s a simpler way to say
drawing mitosis on a cartolina people. that:**
or illustration board
The curriculum should teach
students things that are
useful and practical in their
lives. This means that they
should learn things in a way
that is consistent and
continues throughout their
schooling. This helps them to
develop good qualities and
become better people. This
shows how the idea of
pragmatism, which
emphasizes the importance
 of practical knowledge and
experience, is being used in
the curriculum.

7. Rationalism - emphasizes the Rationalism- The DepEd Core Curriculum Development is an

development of the learners’ Values of Maka-Diyos, Maka- example of Rationalism in
reasoning powers; knowledge tao, Makakalikasan, and action, as the curriculum must
comes though reason; teacher Makabansa are proof that be relevant, responsive, and
must develop the reasoning DepEd practiced Rationalism, in research-based, as students
power of the learner which they only believe what is learn through reason alone,
based on reason and provides without the aid of the senses
the primary basis for knowledge **Here’s a simpler way to say
that:**

The curriculum should be

based on what is important
and useful, should be able to
change to fit new situations,
and should be based on
research. This shows how the
idea of rationalism, which
emphasizes using reason and
logic to understand the
world, is being used in
curriculum development.

8. Utilitarianism - what is good Utilitarianism- We dream of Curriculum Development is an

is that which is most useful Filipinos who fervently love example of Utilitarianism in
(that which brings happiness) to their country, which action, as the curriculum must
the greatest number of peoples; demonstrates that DepEd also be culturally sensitive, and the
employs Utilitarianism, which teacher approach provides no
advocates actions that promote sense of what constitutes an
happiness or pleasure while education.
opposing actions that cause **Here’s a simpler way to say
unhappiness or harm that:**

The curriculum should be

respectful of different
cultures, and teachers should
not have a fixed idea of what
education is. This shows how
the idea of utilitarianism,
which emphasizes doing
what is most useful or
beneficial for the greatest
 number of people, is being
used in curriculum
development.

9. Empiricism - source of Empiricism- Teachers facilitate Curriculum Development

knowledge is through the learning and constantly nurture demonstrates the use of
senses; teacher must involve each learner, demonstrating Empiricism in which the
the senses in teaching-learning that DepEd employs Empiricism, curriculum shall use
in which teaching-learning of constructivist, inquiry-based,
students is based on the human reflective, collaborative, and
senses, and in which it shares integrative pedagogical
the belief that there is no such approaches.
thing as innate knowledge, and **Here’s a simpler way to say
that knowledge is instead that:**
derived from experience.
The curriculum should be
based on learning through
experience and exploration.
Students should be
encouraged to ask questions,
think critically, work
together, and connect
different ideas. This shows
how the idea of empiricism,
which emphasizes learning
through observation and
experience, is being used in
curriculum development.
10. Behaviorism - behavior is Behaviorism- Students learning Curriculum Development
shape deliberately by forces in in a child-friendly, gender demonstrates that there is a
the environment and that the sensitive, safe, and motivating Behaviorism in which the
type of person and actions environment is evidence that curriculum shall be learner
desired can be the product of DepEd used Behaviorism, in centered, inclusive, and
design; behavior is determined which the teacher provides developmentally appropriate;
by others, rather than by positive reinforcement, or we teachers encourage
person’s own free will; teacher rewards, at the end of the day students to perform desired
must carefully shape desirable for their good behavior. behavior by rewarding good
behavior; drills are commonly performance.
used to enhance learning. **Here’s a simpler way to say
rewards reinforce learning. that:**

The curriculum should focus

on the student’s needs,
include everyone, and be
based on what students are
 capable of at each age.
Teachers should encourage
students to behave in a good
way by giving them rewards
for doing good things. This
shows how the idea of
behaviorism, which
emphasizes the importance
of conditioning and rewards
in learning, is being used in
curriculum development.

11. Constructivism —Learners Constructivism – Teachers It demonstrates the existence of

are capable of constructing facilitate learning and Constructivism, which
knowledge and meaning; constantly nurture each learner, encourages students to
teaching 4earning therefore is demonstrating that DepEd consider sharing their valuable
constructing knowledge and employs Constructivism by knowledge and experiences as
meaning; teacher does not just assisting learners to construct learners.
“tell” or dictate but asks knowledge rather than passively **Here’s a simpler way to say
learners for knowledge they taking in information. that:**
construct and meaning of
lesson. This shows that students
should be encouraged to
share their knowledge and
experiences with each other.
This is based on the idea of
constructivism, which
believes that students build
their own understanding by
actively engaging with their
learning.

12. Other Philosophies