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14(3): 207-209, 2019
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STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY IN SAFFLOWER (Carthamus

VARIABILITY
tinctorius L.)

ROSHAN PARIHAR AND MONIKA PAIKARA*

Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Barrister Thakur Chhedilal College of Agriculture and Research Station ,
Sarkanda (IGKV Raipur), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495004, INDIA
e-mail:roshan_04@rediffmail.com

KEYWORDS ABSTRACT
Safflower An evaluation was carried out to study the variability estimates among the yield component traits. A considerable
Genetic variability amount of variation shown by all genotypes in their mean performances with respect to evaluated characters
Seed yield indicates the presence of ample variability. It scopes for selection of superior and desirable genotypes for
breeding. The ANOVA revealed that the component of variance for genotypes were positively highly significant
Received on : for all the characters studied viz. rosette period (34.98), days to 50% flowering (103.69), days to maturity (67.97),
22.05.2019 plant height (263.03), capitulum/plant (77.55), seeds per capitulum (45.87), volume weight (gms /100 ml water
volume) (60.01) and harvest index %(12.72) . High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation played a
Accepted on : major role for the expression of the traits with seed yield (20.58 %, GCV) (21.21%, PCV), while moderate GCV
25.07.2019 & PCV recorded for characters viz. number of capitulum per plant (19.08 % , 19.90 %), number of branches per
plant (17.90%,19.24 %), 100 seed weight (gms) (14.43 %,14.65 %), number of seeds per capitulum (12.52
*Corresponding %,13.90 %), biological yield per plot (kg) (13.78 %,13.90 %) and harvest index % (10.62 %,12.08 %). The high
author GCV and PCV value indicates the importance of these characters and which can be strategically used to improve
the yield of safflower.

INTRODUCTION Spiny(National check), PBNS-12 (Check) and 24 genotypes

viz. GMU-7368, GMU-3635, AKS-94 -2 x GMU- 3821, NARI-
Safflower is an important oilseed crop grown in India. It is 118, SSF-995 X GMU-3806, GMS-NARI-57 (Cross-13), AKS-
mainly grown in Maharashtra, Karnataka and parts of Andhra 91-1-1 x GMU- 3802, AKS-91-1-1 x GMU- 3809, MS-06 X
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, etc. In Chhattisgarh PBNS-72(CROSS-15), RVS-12-13 X PBNS-12, Manjeera X GMU-
it is cultivated in an area of 600 hectares with a production of 7403, AKS-91-1-1 X GMU-3806, PBNS-12 X GMU-4055, RSS-
200 tonnes and a productivity of 333 kg/ hectare. Whereas in 11-17 X GMU-4037, GMU-6106 X Manjeera, GMU-7403 X
India the Safflower is grown in an area of 1, 78,000 hectares JSF-1, RVS-12-13 X Manjeera, GMU 7403 X Manjeera were
with a production of 1, 14,000 tonnes and productivity of sown in month of November 2017 in RBD with three
641 kg/hectare in the year 2013-14. (Anonymous, 2015) replications. Each entries were sown in the plot size of 4 rows
Variability for yield and ancillary traits (days to flowering, plant of 4 meter length spaced 50 cm apart make a plot size of 8
height, number of capitulum, seed number, test weight and m2. Observations were recorded on five randomly selected
seed yield), morphological (seed size, shape, hull types, hull competitive plants from each plot in each replication. The
content) and biochemical traits (oil content) has been well characters selected for the observations were, rosette period
documented in safflower ( Johnson et al., 1955) . A few studies (Days), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height
have explored the relationships among seed yield components (cm), no. of capitulum per plant, no. of seeds per capitulum,
and oil content in safflower. Capitulum numbers were no. of branches per plant, 100 seed weight (gms.), volume
observed to be the most important components in breeding weight (gms./100 ml of water volume), biological yield per
for higher yield and oil content (Rao et al., 1977). Seed yield is plot (kg), harvest index (%), seed yield / plot (kg).The data was
also affected by number of capitulum, test weight, plant height analyzed statistically for genotype and phenotype coefficients
and capitulum diameter in safflower (Roopa and Ravikumar, of variation (Burton and Devane (1953), GCV and PCV values
2008).An improvement of a crop variety lies in the degree of were categorized as low, moderate and high values as
potential variability for the desired character in the breeding suggested by Shivasubramanian and Menon (1973) which
material. It is important to decipher the effect of selection for are as follows.
yield traits on genetic gain for the primary trait under
consideration. Therefore the present investigation was carried Class Range
 Low 0-10%
out to study the genetic variability among quantitative traits in
 Moderate 10-20%
safflower genotypes lines for yield and ancillary characters.  High 20% and above

MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Twenty six genotypes included two checks A-1(Annigeri-1) Mean sum of squares, error and coefficient of variation (%) for

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ROSHAN PARIHAR AND MONIKA PAIKARA

all the characters studied are presented in Table 1 and 2. of Mukta et al. (2008), Mahajan et al. (2009), Maryam et al.
Almost all genotypes showed a considerable amount of (2011), Kumar et al. (2013), Puspavalli (2015) and Manjhi
differences or variation in their mean performances with respect (2017). Under the low GCV range plant height (cm) (9.15 %)
to the characters studied. This indicates that, there is presence followed by volume weight (gms. /100 ml water volume) (9.11
of ample variability for the characters evaluated. It indicates %), rosette period (7.38 %), days to 50% flowering (5.27 %)
scope for selection and breeding of superior and desirable and days to maturity (3.16 %) were noticed. For the lowest
genotypes. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is presented in PCV magnitude plant height (cm) (9.75 %) followed by volume
Table 1. ANOVA revealed that the component of variance for weight (gms. /100 ml water volume) (9.11 %), rosette period
genotypes were positively highly significant for all the (8.11 %), days to 50% flowering (5.74 %) and days to maturity
characters studied viz. rosette period (34.98), days to 50% (3.43 %) were found. Similar results were also reported by
flowering (103.69), days to maturity (67.97),plant height Reddy (2004), Kumar et al. (2013), Puspavalli (2015) and Patil
(263.03), capitulum /plant (77.55), seeds per capitulum (2016).
(45.87), branches per plant (4.97), volume weight (gms /100
ml water volume) (60.01) and harvest index % (12.72) at 1% REFERENCES
level of significance, Whereas biological yield (2.08) at 5%
level of significance. Characters viz. 100 seed weight (1.02) Achhale, D., 2016. Screening of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)
and seed yield (0.16) were found positively non-significant. genotypes for drought tolerance. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Rajmata Vijayaraje
The estimates of genetic variability, for seed yield per plant Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Madhya pradesh.
and other characters are presented in Table 2. The estimates Anonymous. 2015. Annual group meeting on safflower. Directors
of PCV were higher than GCV for most of the characters, report,PP. 19-21.
signifies the high influence of environment for evaluated Burton, G.W. and Devane, E.H. 1953. Estimating heritability in tall
characters. However the differences between them were not fescue (Festuca arundinacea) from replicated clonal material. Agron.
of high magnitude. High estimates of genotypic and J. 45: 418-481.
phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed for seed Choulwar, S.B., Dhutmal, R.R., Madrap, I.A. and Joshi, B.M. 2005.
yield per plot (kg) GCV (20.58 %) and PCV (21.21 %). Similar Genetic variability for yield and yield related traits in F2 population
results were reported by Lakshyadeep et al. (2005), Choulwar of safflower. J. Maharashtra Agril. Uni. 30(1): 114-116.
(2005), Kumar (2010), Tariq et al.(2014), Achhale (2016), Patil Johnson, H.W., Robinson, H.F. and Comstock, R.E. 1955. Estimate
(2016) and Manjhi (2017). Moderate GCV were reported for of genetic and environment variability in soybean. Agron. J. 47: 314-
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Table 1.: Analysis of variance, mean sum of square for yield and its contributing traits of Safflower genotypes.
S.No Source of d.f Rosette Days to 50% Days to Plant Capitulum Seeds / Branches 100 seed Volume Biological Harvest seed
variation Period Flowering Maturity Height /Plant Capitulum /plant weight weight yield index yield
(cm) (gm) (gm) (kg) (kg) (kg)
1 Replication 2 32.46 5.65 3.89 65.08 7.39 0.15 0.2 0.01 0.24 0.01 0.15 0
2 Treatment 25 34.98** 103.69** 67.97** 263.03** 77.55** 45.87** 4.97** 1.02 60.01** 2.08* 12.72** 0.16
3 Error 50 2.32 2.36 3.8 11.23 2.18 3.28 0.24 0.01 0.29 0.011 1.14 0
* Significant at 5% level, ** significant at 1% level respectively.

Table 2: Genetic parameters of yield and its contributing traits.

S.No. Character General Mean Range GCV PCV

Minimum Maximum
1 Rosette Period 44.76 40.66 52.66 7.3 8.11
2 Days to 50% flowering 105 95 114 5.55 5.74
3 Days to maturity 146 135 154 3.16 3.43
4 Plant height(cm) 100.05 86 117 9.15 9.75
5 Capitulum per plant 26 18 36 19.08 19.9
6 Seeds per capitulum 30 24 39 12.52 13.9
7 Branches / Plant 7 5 10 17.9 19.24
8 100 seed weight (g) 4.02 2.9 5.43 14.43 14.65
9 Volume weight (g) 48.96 42.44 57.91 9.11 9.18
10 Biological yield(kg) 6.04 4.38 8.14 13.78 13.9
11 Harvest index (%) 18.5 14 22.66 10.62 12.08
12 Seed yield (kg) 1.12 0.71 1.57 20.58 21.21

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