Workshop Chassis Manual

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-1 Table of contents

Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.1 Warning and caution ................................. 1-5 1.3.6.3 Removal and installation of rear coil
spring .................................................................. 1- 47
1.1.1 Warning and caution ........................................ 1-5
1.3.6.4 Removal and installation of rear upper control
1.1.1.1 Warning and caution .................................. 1-5 arm assembly ..................................................... 1- 48
1.2 Front suspension ..................................... 1- 6 1.3.6.5 Removal and installation of rear lower control
1.2.1 Specification .................................................... 1-6 arm assembly ..................................................... 1- 48
1.2.1.1 Fastener specifications ............................. 1- 6 1.3.6.6 Removal and installation of rear toe arm
assembly ............................................................ 1- 49
1.2.2 Description and operation ............................... 1- 7
1.3.6.7 Removal and installation of rear trailing arm
1.2.2.1 Description and operation ......................... 1- 7 assembly ............................................................ 1- 49
1.2.3 Operating principle of system ........................... 1-9 1.3.6.8 Removal and installation of rear wheel hub
1.2.3.1 Operating principle of suspension system bearing ................................................................ 1- 51
components .......................................................... 1- 9 1.3.6.9 Removal and installation of rear axle joint
1.2.4 Location of components ................................. 1-11 assembly ............................................................ 1- 52
1.2.4.1 Location of components .......................... 1- 11 1.3.6.10 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar
1.2.5 Exploded view ............................................... 1- 12 assembly ............................................................ 1- 53
1.3.6.11 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar
1.2.5.1 Exploded view of front suspension ......... 1- 12
link assembly ...................................................... 1- 53
1.2.5.2 Exploded view of front strut assembly .... 1- 13 1.3.6.12 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar
1.2.6 List of special tools ........................................ 1- 14 bushing ............................................................... 1- 55
1.2.6.1 List of special tools ................................. 1- 14 1.3.6.13 Removal and installation of the rear subframe
1.2.7 Removal and installation ................................ 1-15 assembly ............................................................ 1- 55
1.2.7.1 Removal and installation of front stabilizer bar 1.4 Wheels and tires .................................... 1- 56
assembly ............................................................ 1- 15 1.4.1 Specification ................................................... 1-56
1.2.7.2 Removal and installation the front stabilizer bar 1.4.1.1 Fastener specifications ........................... 1- 56
link assembly ...................................................... 1- 21 1.4.2 Description and operation ............................. 1- 57
1.2.7.3 Removal and installation the front transverse 1.4.2.1 Structure of tire ....................................... 1- 57
stabilizer bar bushing .......................................... 1- 22 1.4.2.2 Meaning of tire sidewall markings and air
1.2.7.4 Removal and installation the front strut pressure description ........................................... 1- 57
assembly ............................................................ 1- 22 1.4.2.3 Tire rotation ............................................. 1- 59
1.2.7.5 Disassembling and assembling front strut 1.4.3 Removal and installation ................................ 1-61
assembly ............................................................ 1- 27 1.4.3.1 Removal and installation of wheel
1.2.7.6 Removal and installation of front lower control assembly ............................................................ 1- 61
arm assembly ..................................................... 1- 28 1.4.3.2 Removal and installation of tires ............. 1- 62
1.2.7.7 Removal and installation of front steering 1.4.3.3 Dynamic balancing of wheels ................. 1- 65
knuckle ............................................................... 1- 30 1.5 Four-wheel alignment ........................... 1- 70
1.2.7.8 Removal and installation of front wheel hub 1.5.1 Description and operation ............................. 1- 70
bearing ............................................................... 1- 31 1.5.1.1 Four-wheel alignment overview .............. 1- 70
1.2.7.9 Removal and installation of front subframe 1.5.1.2 Prerequisites for four-wheel alignment
assembly ............................................................ 1- 32 test ...................................................................... 1- 70
1.5.1.3 Preparation for four-wheel alignment
1.3 Rear suspension .................................... 1- 38
measurement ...................................................... 1- 71
1.3.1 Specification .................................................. 1-38 1.5.1.4 Parameters of four-wheel alignment ....... 1- 71
1.3.1.1 Fastener specifications ........................... 1- 38 1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment 1- 72
1.3.2 System overview ............................................ 1-39 1.6 Driving axle system ............................... 1- 74
1.3.2.1 Description and operation ....................... 1- 39 1.6.1 Specification ................................................... 1-74
1.3.3 Location of components ................................. 1-41 1.6.1.1 Fastener specifications ........................... 1- 74
1.3.3.1 Location of components .......................... 1- 41 1.6.2 Location of components ................................. 1-75
1.3.4 Exploded view ............................................... 1- 42 1.6.2.1 Location of components .......................... 1- 75
1.3.4.1 Exploded view of rear suspension 1.6.3 List of special tools ........................................ 1- 76
assembly ............................................................ 1- 42 1.6.3.1 List of special tools ................................. 1- 76
1.3.4.2 Exploded view of rear shock absorber .... 1- 43 1.6.4 Removal and installation ................................ 1-77
1.3.5 Special tool ................................................... 1- 44 1.6.4.1 Removal and installation of front driving axle
nut ....................................................................... 1- 77
1.3.5.1 List of special tools ................................. 1- 44
1.6.4.2 Removal and installation of left front driving
1.3.6 Removal and installation ................................ 1-45 axle assembly ..................................................... 1- 79
1.3.6.1 Removal and installation of rear strut assembly 1.6.4.3 Removal and installation of right front driving
1- 45 axle assembly ..................................................... 1- 82
1.3.6.2 Disassembling and assembling front strut 1.7 Front brake ............................................. 1- 85
assembly ............................................................ 1- 46 1.7.1 Specification .................................................... 1-85

GAC Motor 2023

Table of contents 1-2 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.7.1.1 Fastener specifications ........................... 1- 85 1.8.6 Removal and installation .............................. 1-152
1.7.2 Description and operation ............................. 1- 86 1.8.6.1 Removal and installation of rear brake
lining .................................................................. 1- 152
1.7.2.1 Description and operation ....................... 1- 86
1.8.6.2 Removal and installation of rear motor-
1.7.3 Exploded view ............................................... 1- 87 integrated brake caliper assembly .................... 1- 154
1.7.3.1 Exploded view ........................................ 1- 87 1.8.6.3 Removal and installation of rear brake caliper
1.7.4 List of special tools ........................................ 1- 88 bracket .............................................................. 1- 156
1.7.4.1 List of special tools ................................. 1- 88 1.8.6.4 Removal and installation of rear brake
1.7.5 Removal and installation ................................ 1-89 disc ................................................................... 1- 157
1.7.5.1 Removal and installation of front brake 1.8.6.5 Removal and installation of rear brake hose
lining ................................................................... 1- 89 assembly .......................................................... 1- 158
1.7.5.2 Removal and installation of front brake caliper 1.9 Hydraulic brake system ...................... 1- 159
assembly ............................................................ 1- 91 1.9.1 Specification ................................................. 1-159
1.7.5.3 Removal and installation of front caliper 1.9.1.1 Fastener specifications ......................... 1- 159
bracket assembly ................................................ 1- 93 1.9.2 Description and operation ........................... 1- 160
1.7.5.4 Removal and installation of front brake 1.9.2.1 Description and operation ..................... 1- 160
disc ..................................................................... 1- 94 1.9.3 Location of components ............................... 1-161
1.7.5.5 Removal and installation of front brake hose 1.9.3.1 Location of components ........................ 1- 161
assembly ............................................................ 1- 95 1.9.3.2 Location of components ........................ 1- 162
1.7.5.6 Removal and installation of front brake disc 1.9.4 Exploded view ............................................. 1- 163
dust cover ........................................................... 1- 96 1.9.4.1 Exploded view ....................................... 1- 163
1.9.5 Removal and installation .............................. 1-164
1.8 Rear brake ............................................... 1- 97
1.9.5.1 Removal and installation of brake fluid
1.8.1 Specification .................................................. 1-97 reservoir ............................................................ 1- 164
1.8.1.1 Fastener specifications ........................... 1- 97 1.9.5.2 Removal and installation of brake master
1.8.2 Description and operation ............................. 1- 98 cylinder ............................................................. 1- 165
1.8.2.1 Description and operation ....................... 1- 98 1.9.5.3 Removal and installation of vacuum brake
1.8.3 Exploded view ............................................... 1- 99 hose assembly (optional) .................................. 1- 166
1.8.3.1 Exploded view ........................................ 1- 99 1.9.5.4 Removal and installation of vacuum
booster .............................................................. 1- 166
1.8.4 Diagnostic information and procedure ......... 1-100
1.9.5.5 Removal and installation of brake pedal
1.5.5.1 Diagnostic instructions ........................... 1-100 assembly .......................................................... 1- 168
1.8.4.2 Visual inspection ................................... 1- 100 1.9.5.6 Removal and installation of brake lamp switch
1.8.4.3 ECU terminals ...................................... 1- 100 ........................................................................... 1- 169
1.8.4.4 Data list ................................................. 1- 101 1.9.5.7 Removal and installation of vacuum
sensor ............................................................... 1- 170
1.8.4.5 List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTC) ... 1- 101
1.9.5.8 Removal and installation of mechanical
1.8.4.6 DTC：C111017，C111016 .................... 1-104 vacuum pump ................................................... 1- 170
1.8.4.7 DTC：C118129 ...................................... 1-106 1.10 Parking system .................................. 1- 172
1.8.4.8 DTC：C11A277,C11A300. ..................... 1-109 1.10.1 Description and operation ......................... 1- 172
1.8.4.9 DTC：C11A096...................................... 1-112 1.10.1.1 Description and operation ................... 1- 172
1.10.2 Electrical schematic diagram ..................... 1-174
1.8.4.10 DTC：C11A196.................................... 1-116
1.10.2.1 Electrical schematic block diagram ..... 1- 174
1.8.4.11 DTC：C113109 .................................... 1-119 1.10.3 Removal and installation ............................ 1-176
1.8.4.12 DTC：C113209 .................................... 1-122 1.10.3.1 Removal and installation of EPB
1.8.4.13 DTC：C116149 .................................... 1-125 switch................................................................. 1- 176
1.10.3.2 Removal and installation of EPB
1.8.4.14 DTC：C117154 .................................... 1-127
motor ................................................................ 1- 177
1.8.4.15 DTC：C117088 .................................... 1-129 1.10.3.3 Removal and installation of EPB ECU
1.8.4.16 DTC：U010087，U040181 .................. 1-131 (optional) ........................................................... 1- 177
1.8.4.17 DTC：U010287，U040381 .................. 1-134 1.11 ESP ........................................................ 1-179
1.8.4.18 DTC：U012987，U041881 .................. 1-136 1.11.1 Specification ............................................... 1-179
1.11.1.1 Fastener specifications ....................... 1- 179
1.8.4.19 DTC：U014687，U044781 .................. 1-139
1.11.2 Description and operation ......................... 1- 180
1.8.4.20 DTC：U015187，U045281 .................. 1-141 1.11.2.1 Description and operation ................... 1- 180
1.8.4.21 DTC：C116053，C116060 .................. 1-144 1.11.3 Location of components ............................. 1-186
1.8.4.22 DTC：U010187，U040281 .................. 1-146 1.11.3.1 Location of components ...................... 1- 186
1.11.4 Electrical schematic diagram ..................... 1-187
1.8.4.23 DTC：C114076 .................................... 1-148
1.11.4.1 Electrical schematic block diagram ..... 1- 187
1.8.5 Special tool ................................................. 1- 151
1.8.5.1 List of special tools ............................... 1- 151

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-3 Table of contents

1.11.5 Diagnostic information and procedure ....... 1-188 1.11.6.3 Removal and installation of ESPI ........ 1- 297
1.5.5.1 Diagnostic instructions ........................... 1-188 1.12 TPMS ..................................................... 1-299
1.11.5.2 Visual inspection ................................. 1- 188 1.12.1 Description and operation ......................... 1- 299
1.11.5.3 ECU terminals .................................... 1- 188 1.12.1.1 Description and operation ................... 1- 299
1.11.5.4 Data list ............................................... 1- 189 1.12.2 Location of components ............................. 1-300
1.11.5.5 List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTC) 1- 191 1.12.2.1 Location of components ...................... 1- 300
1.11.5.6 DTC：C000149，C000249. ................. 1-202 1.12.2.2 Location of components ...................... 1- 301
1.11.5.7 DTC：C002049，C002072. ................. 1-205 1.12.3 Electrical schematic diagram ..................... 1-302
1.11.5.8 DTC：C003129，C003149. ................. 1-208 1.12.3.1 Electrical schematic block diagram ..... 1- 302
1.11.5.9 DTC：C003429，C003449. ................. 1-212 1.12.4 Removal and installation ............................ 1-304
1.11.5.10 DTC：C003729，C003749. ............... 1-216 1.12.4.1 Removal and installation of tire pressure
sensor ............................................................... 1- 304
1.11.5.11 DTC：C003A29，C003A49. .............. 1-220
1.12.4.2 Removal and installation of RF receiver
1.11.5.12 DTC：C004023 .................................. 1-224 module (optional) .............................................. 1- 305
1.11.5.13 DTC：C004429，C004449. ............... 1-228 1.13 Electric power steering system ....... 1- 306
1.11.5.14 DTC：C005129，C005146 ................ 1-230 1.13.1 Specification ............................................... 1-306
1.11.5.15 DTC：C006129，C006229. ............... 1-234 1.13.1.1 Fastener specifications ....................... 1- 306
1.11.5.16 DTC：C007200 .................................. 1-236 1.13.2 Description and operation ......................... 1- 307
1.11.5.17 DTC：C009096 .................................. 1-238 1.13.2.1 Description and operation ................... 1- 307
1.13.3 Location of components ............................. 1-308
1.11.5.18 DTC：C100113，C100116. .............. 1-241
1.13.3.1 Location of components ...................... 1- 308
1.11.5.19 DTC：C101038 .................................. 1-244
1.13.4 Electrical schematic diagram ..................... 1-309
1.11.5.20 DTC：C104064，C104164 ................ 1-247
1.13.4.1 Electrical schematic block diagram ..... 1- 309
1.11.5.21 DTC：C106000，U007388 ................ 1-250 1.13.5 Exploded view ........................................... 1- 310
1.11.5.22 DTC：C107505 .................................. 1-251 1.13.5.1 Exploded view ..................................... 1- 310
1.11.5.23 DTC：C110052，C116044 ................ 1-253 1.13.5.2 Exploded view ..................................... 1- 311
1.11.5.24 DTC：C110070，C110191. .............. 1-255 1.13.6 Diagnostic information and procedure ........ 1-312
1.11.5.25 DTC：C110316，C110317. .............. 1-257 1.13.6.1 Diagnostic instructions ........................ 1- 312
1.11.5.26 DTC：C11352A，C114100................ 1-260 1.13.6.2 Visual inspection ................................. 1- 312
1.11.5.27 DTC：C11A011，C11A012. .............. 1-263 1.13.6.3 ECU terminal ...................................... 1- 312
1.13.6.4 Data list ............................................... 1- 313
1.11.5.28 DTC：C11A111，C11A112. .............. 1-267
1.13.6.5 List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTC) 1- 314
1.11.5.29 DTC：U010087，U040181 ................ 1-271
DTC: C160017, C160016. ................................. 1-317
1.11.5.30 DTC：U010187，U040281 ................ 1-273
1.13.6.7 DTC：U007388 .................................... 1-320
1.11.5.31 DTC：U010481，U025787 ................ 1-276
1.13.6.8 DTC：U012987，U041586. ................. 1-322
1.11.5.32 DTC：U012687，U042881 ................ 1-278
1.13.6.9 DTC：U025887，U025881 .................. 1-325
1.11.5.33 DTC：U014687，U044781 ................ 1-281
1.13.6.10 DTC：U014087，U042281. ............... 1-327
1.11.5.34 DTC：U015187，U045281 ................ 1-283
1.13.6.11 DTC：U010087，U040181. ............... 1-331
1.11.5.35 DTC：U025887 .................................. 1-286
1.13.6.12 DTC：U010187，U040281. ............... 1-335
1.11.5.36 DTC：U025886，U025881 ................ 1-288
1.13.6.13 DTC：U010387，U040481. ............... 1-338
1.11.5.37 DTC：U012887，U041781 ................ 1-292
1.13.6.14 DTC：U048581，C164700. ............... 1-342
1.11.6 Removal and installation ............................ 1-295
1.13.6.15 DTC：C167053 .................................. 1-345
1.11.6.1 Removal and installation of in-line wheel
speed of front wheel .......................................... 1- 295 1.13.6.16 DTC：C161096，C16A096. ............... 1-347
1.11.6.2 Removal and installation of in-line wheel 1.13.6.17 DTC：C161196，C161254 ................ 1-350
speed of rear wheel ........................................... 1- 296 1.13.6.18 DTC：C167046，C167054. ............... 1-352

GAC Motor 2023

Table of contents 1-4 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.13.6.19 DTC：C166142，C166245. ............... 1-354

1.13.7 Special tools .............................................. 1- 357
1.13.7.1 List of special tools ............................. 1- 357
1.13.8 Removal and installation ............................ 1-358
1.13.8.1 Removal and installation of outer ball joint of
steering gear .................................................... 1- 358
1.13.8.2 Removal and installation of inner ball joint of
steering gear .................................................... 1- 360
1.13.8.3 Removal and installation of steering input
shaft dust cover ................................................ 1- 361
1.13.8.4 Removal and installation of mechanical
steering gear assembly .................................... 1- 362
1.13.8.5 Removal and installation of steering wheel
assembly .......................................................... 1- 367
1.13.8.6 Removal and installation of steering column
assembly .......................................................... 1- 369

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-5 Warning and caution

1.1 Warning and caution

1.1.1 Warning and caution
1.1.1.1 Warning and caution
Warning about assistant driving
Warning!
When the technician inspects the faulty part for repair, the assistant shall drive the vehicle. Otherwise, personal injury
may occur. Warning about battery disconnection
Warning!
Before repairing electrical components, turn off all electrical appliances and set the HEV HEV Engine START/STOP
button to"OFF" position, unless otherwise specified in the operating procedures. If tools or equipment tends to come
into contactwith the exposed electrical terminals, disconnect the negative battery terminal. Failure to follow these
safety warningsmay result in severe personal injuries or vehicle damage.
Warning about road test
Warning!
Carry out road test provided the safety is ensured, and follow all traffic laws. Do not attempt any maneuvers that could
jeopardize vehicle control. Failure to adhere to these safety instructions could lead to serious personal injuries and
vehicle damage.
Cautions for lifting the vehicle
Caution
Before lifting the vehicle, check whether the lift works well, whether the vehicle is parked in an appropriate place, and
whether the lifting point of arms for the vehicle is properly calibrated and adjusted. Make sure that there are no people or
irrelevant objects under the vehicle in the process of lifting or lowering the vehicle.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-6 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.2 Front suspension
1.2.1 Specification
1.2.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Front stabilizer bar link and front
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 110±10
stabilizer bar
Front stabilizer bar and front subframe Hexagon flange bolt M10×1.25×30 70±7
Front stabilizer bar link and left/right
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 110±10
front shock absorber
Left/right front steering knuckle and
Hexagon flange nut M14×1.5 110±10
front lower control arm
Steering knuckle and mechanical
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 50±5
steering gear

Front strut assembly and steering Hexagon flange bolt 12×1.25×70

knuckle Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 110±10

Mounting the left/right wheel hub Hexagon socket head cap bolt and
bearing [front wheel hub bearing] plain washer assembly M12×1.5×48 100±10
Steering column and mechanical
Hexagon flange bolt M10×35 60±6
steering gear connection
Hexagon flange nut M10 × 1.25
Left/right front strut assembly and body
Plain washer 10×25×2 70±7
Hexagon flange bolt and plain washer
Front lower control arm and subframe assembly
(front) 200±10
M14×1.5×103

Front lower control arm and subframe Hexagon flange bolt M14×1.5×85
(rear) Hexagon flange nut M14×1.5 200±10
Hexagon flange bolt and plain washer
assembly
200±10
M14×1.5×103
Installtion of front suspensions to the Hexagon flange bolt and plain washer
vehicle (subframe to the body) assembly
200±10
M14×1.5×60
Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×30 120±10

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-7 Front suspension
1.2.2 Description and operation
1.2.2.1 Description and operation
The suspension system refers to the entire support system composed of springs and shock absorbers between the body
and tires. Its function is to transmit the torque between the wheels and the frame, buffer the impact of the road surface on
the frame or vehicle body and attenuate the resulting vibration of vehicle body to improve ride comfort. Different
suspension systems bring different driving experiences to the driver and determine the stability, comfort and safety of the
vehicle during driving. It is one of the key component of modern vehicles.
The front suspension of this model adopts the MacPherson independent suspension, S-type lateral spring and hydro-
pneumatic double-acting shock absorber.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-8 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Right front stabilizer bar link assembly

Front stabilizer bar

assembly

Left front strut

Right front lower
assembly
control arm assembly

Front subframe
assembly Left front steering
knuckle

Front subframe front reinforced Left front wheel

crossbeam assembly hub bearing

Front subframe
left buffer beam
assembly

-Composition: The suspension is mainly composed of front stabilizer bar assembly, front stabilizer bar link assembly,
front lower control arm assembly, front subframe assembly, front steering knuckle, front strut assembly, etc.
- Structure: MacPherson independent suspension.
– Advantages: good responsiveness and controllability, simple and compact structure, small occupation space, low cost
and light weight.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-9 Front suspension
1.2.3 Operating principle of system
1.2.3.1 Operating principle of suspension system components
Spring
The spring stiffness affects the response of the sprung mass during driving. A vehicle with low spring stiffness can
completely eliminate bumps and provide a very smooth driving feeling, but at the same time it is prone to diving and
squatting during braking and acceleration, and roll and rollover during turning. Spring a car with excessive stiffness has a
slightly less smoothness on bumpy roads, but the body movement is very small, which means that even when cornering,
the vehicle can be driven in a faster way. Therefore, although the spring itself seems simple, it is complex to design and
implement these devices on the vehicle and to keep a balance between passengers’ comfort and vehicle's
maneuverability. The spring cannot provide an extremely smooth driving feeling separately. The spring has excellent
energy absorption performance, but inferior dissipation capacity. Therefore, the suspension system needs to use a
component called shock absorber. If the damping structure is not used, the spring will bounce at an uncontrollable rate
and release the bump energy it has absorbed, and continue to bounce at its own frequency until all the energy originally
applied to it is exhausted. The suspension constructed on the spring makes the vehicle bounce and run uncontrollably
according to the terrain.
Shock absorber

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Valve at the
Hydraulic Piston and
Piston push rod Inner cylinder Outer cylinder Fluid reservoir bottom of inner
chamber valve
cylinder

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-10 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
The shock absorber converts the kinetic energy of suspension motion into the thermal energy that can be dissipated
through hydraulic oil to ease and attenuate the magnitude of vibratory motion. The upper support of the shock absorber
is connected to the frame (namely sprung mass), and the lower support near the wheel is connected to the shaft (namely
unsprung mass). In the double-cylinder design, one of the most common types of shock absorbers is that the upper
support is connected to the piston push rod connected to the piston which is located in a cylinder filled with hydraulic oil.
The inner cylinder is called the pressure cylinder, and the outer cylinder is called the oil storage cylinder. The oil storage
cylinder stores the excess hydraulic oil. When the wheels encounter a bumpy road and cause the spring to compress
and stretch, the spring energy is transmitted to the shock absorber through the upper support, and transferred down to
the piston via the piston push rod. There are holes in the piston, through which the hydraulic oil can leak out when the
piston moves up and down in the pressure cylinder. Because these holes are very tiny, only a small amount of hydraulic
oil can pass through the holes under high pressure. This slows down the movement of the piston, which slows down the
movement of the spring. The work of the shock absorber consists of two cycles, namely a compression cycle and a
stretching cycle. The compression cycle refers to the compression of the hydraulic oil below the piston when it moves
downward; the stretching cycle refers to the stretching of hydraulic oil above the piston as it moves up to the top of the
pressure cylinder. For a typical vehicle, the resistance of the stretching cycle is greater than that of the compression
cycle. In addition, the compression cycle controls the motion involving unsprung mass of the vehicle, while the stretching
cycle controls the motion involving heavier sprung mass. All modern shock absorbers have a speed sensing function;
that is to say, the faster the suspension moves, the greater the resistance provided by the shock absorber. This allows
the shock absorber to adjust in accordance with the road conditions and control all undesirable motion of running vehicle,
including bounce, roll, diving during braking and squatting during acceleration.
The stabilizer bar is used in conjunction with the shock absorber to provide additional stability for a running vehicle. The
stabilizer bar is a metal rod that spans the entire axle, effectively joining the two sides of the suspension together. When
the suspension on one wheel moves up and down, the stabilizer will pass the movement to other wheels. This can run
the vehicle more smoothly and reduce the vehicle’s inclination. In particular, it can counteract the rollover tendency of the
vehicle during turning.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-11 Front suspension

1.2.4 Location of components

1.2.4.1 Location of components

Right front stabilizer bar link assembly

Front stabilizer bar

assembly

Left front strut

Right front lower
assembly
control arm assembly

Front subframe
assembly Left front steering
knuckle

Front subframe front reinforced Left front wheel

crossbeam assembly hub bearing

Front subframe
left buffer beam
assembly

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-12 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.2.5 Exploded view

1.2.5.1 Exploded view of front suspension

Front subframe assembly

Front subframe right bumper beam

assembly

(2 in total)

Front subframe left bumper beam

assembly
(4 in total)

(2 in total)

(2 in total)
Front subframe front reinforced
crossbeam assembly
(2 in total)

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-13 Front suspension
1.2.5.2 Exploded view of front strut assembly

Protective cover

Front coil spring

Strut upper mounting support

assembly

Bearing
Front coil spring bracket
rubber pad

Front strut stop block

Front strut dust cover Front shock absorber

assembly

Turbocharger heat shield

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-14 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.2.6 List of special tools
1.2.6.1 List of special tools
S/N Pictorial Tool No. Name

Lower swing arm ball joint

1 8910540BAC0000
removal tool

Shock absorber spring

2 8910520BAC0000
compressor tool set

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-15 Front suspension

1.2.7 Removal and installation

1.2.7.1 Removal and installation of front stabilizer bar
assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the left/right front wheel assembly. Refer to
1.4.3.1 Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the left/right front wheel mudguard assembly.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
3 Remove the front stabilizer bar assembly
a. Turn the steering wheel to the center, set the HEV
HEV EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position,
andlock thesteering wheel.
b. Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
c. Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
d. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A) for connecting the
steering column assembly ① and electric power steering
gear assembly.
e. Disengage the steering column assembly ① from the
electric power steering gear assembly in the direction of
arrow B.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 60±6 N ·m
f. Take out the cotter pin ① of outer ball joint of steering
gear on both sides.
Safety instructions:
The cotter pin is a disposable part and shall not be
reused once it is removed.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-16 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

g. Unscrew the fixing nuts for connecting the outer ball joint
of steering gear on both sides to the front steering knuckle
as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 50±5 N·m

h. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the left/right outer ball joint ② of
steering gear out of the front steering knuckle, and
disconnect it.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-17 Front suspension

i. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed and disconnect the

left/right front stabilizer bar link assembly from the front
strut assembly.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

j. Unscrew the fixing nuts for connecting the front lower

control arm assembly to the front steering knuckle on both
sides as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-18 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

k. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the front lower control arm ball
joints ② on both sides out of the front steering knuckle, and
disconnect the ball joints.

l. Disconnect the exhaust pipe suspension cushion I ①

from the front subframe assembly.
m. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A), and remove the front
subframe front reinforced crossbeam assembly ②.
n. Unscrew the connecting bolt (arrow B) between the front
subframe left/right buffer beam assembly and the front
subframe assembly.
o. Remove the front subframe left/right buffer beam
assembly ③.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 120±10 N·m
Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 120±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-19 Front suspension

p. Use the transmission lifting device to support the front

subframe assembly ①.
q. Unscrew the fixing blots (arrows A, B, C) at the rear end
of the front subframe assembly.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 120±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 200±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 200±10 N·m

Safety instructions:
Disassembling the front subframe assembly requires the
cooperation of one or two technicians. Note whether other
connectors are involved during the disassembly.
r. Unscrew the fixing bolts as arrowed at the front end of the
front subframe assembly ①.
s. Lower the transmission lifting device slowly and remove
the front subframe assembly and accessories ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 200±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-20 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

t. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed and remove the front

stabilizer bar link assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

u. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and remove the front

stabilizer bar assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 70±7 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-21 Front suspension

1.2.7.2 Removal and installation the front stabilizer bar

link assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front stabilizer bar link assembly, and the right front
stabilizer bar link assembly can be removed and installed
by reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the front stabilizer bar link assembly
a. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed and remove the front
stabilizer bar link assembly ①.
·Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-22 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.2.7.3 Removal and installation the front transverse

stabilizer bar bushing
Removal procedure
Note:
The front stabilizer bar bushing cannot be removed
separately because it is vulcanized on the front stabilizer
bar assembly.
Replace the front stabilizer bar assembly directly if the front
stabilizer bar bushing is damaged.
1 Remove the front stabilizer bar bushing. Refer to 1.2.7.1
Removal and installation of front stabilizer bar assembly
1.2.7.4 Removal and installation the front strut
assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front strut assembly, and the right front strut assembly may
be removed and installed by reference to left one.
When removing the fixing nut of the front stabilizer bar link
assembly, hold the ball pin with an appropriate tool to
prevent the ball pin and the nut from rotating at the same
time.
1 Remove the wiper arm and wiper blade assembly. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Electrics (I)
2 Remove the wiper cover assembly. Refer to Maintenance
Manual - Body, HVAC
3 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
4 Remove the left front driving axle nut. Refer to 1.6.4.1
Removal and installation of front driving axle nut
5 Remove front strut assembly
a. Take out the fixing pin ①.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-23 Front suspension

b. Unscrew the fixing nut of outer ball joint of steering gear

as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 50±5 N·m

c. Install the ball joint removal tool ① (8910535BAC0000),

press the outer ball joint ② of steering gear out of the front
steering knuckle, and disengage the outer ball joint.

d. Unscrew the front stabilizer bar link assembly fixing nut

as arrowed, and disconnect the assembly.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-24 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

e. Unscrew the connecting nuts as arrowed between the

front lower control arm and lower control arm ball joint.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10

f. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the front lower control arm ball
joint ② out of the front steering knuckle, and disengage the
ball joint.
Note:
When placing the lower control arm after removal, prevent
scratching and damaging the lower control arm ball joint.

g. Disconnect the harness (arrow A).

h. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow B).
i. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow C) of the front brake caliper
bracket ①, move it aside and fix it.
j. Remove the in-line wheel speed sensor of front wheel.
Refer to 1.11.6.1 Removal and installation of in-line wheel
speed sensor of front wheel
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 8±2 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 180±20 N ·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-25 Front suspension

k. Unscrew the front brake disc fixing bolt as arrowed, and

remove the front brake disc ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 7±1 N ·m

l. Unscrew the fixing bolts of the front brake dust cover as

arrowed, and remove the front brake dust cover ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 10±2 N ·m

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-26 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

m. Unscrew the fixing nut between the front strut assembly

and the body as arrowed, and remove the strut assembly
①.
• Tightening torque of nut: 70±7 N ·m
Caution
During the removal, another technician is required to hold
the front strut assembly below to prevent it from falling.
During removal of the front strut assembly, prevent the front
strut assembly from scratching other components or the
body. Otherwise, it is likely to damage other components or
scratch the paint.

n. Unscrew the connecting bolts/nuts as arrowed between

the front strut assembly and front steering knuckle.
o. Disconnect the front strut assembly ① from the front
steering knuckle ②, and take out the front strut assembly
①.
• Tightening torque of nut/bolt: 110±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-27 Front suspension

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.
1.2.7.5 Disassembling and assembling front strut
assembly
Disassembly procedure
1 Remove the front strut assembly. Refer to 1.2.7.4
Removal and installation of front strut assembly
2 Disassemble and assemble the front strut assembly
a. Install the tool as shown in the figure, tighten the screw
of the shock absorber spring compressor tool set ①
(8910520BAC0000), and press the front coil spring until
there is no load on the upper mounting bracket of the front
strut assembly.
b. Unscrew the fastening nut of the piston rod as arrowed.
c. Take out all parts of the front strut in sequence.

d. When installing the shock absorber spring compressor

tool set ① (8910520BAC0000), pay attention to the correct
position of the front coil spring on the front shock absorber
compressor tool bracket as arrowed.

Testing procedure
Test the shock absorber
– Install the shock absorber mounting nut on the shock
absorber shaft end and fix the socket wrench.
– Compress the shock absorber assembly by hand, and
check whether it can be compressed and expanded
smoothly in a complete stroke. When the compression is
released, the shock absorber shall be able to expand
continuously and smoothly. If not, the shock absorber shall
be replaced.
– During the test, check whether there is oil leakage,
abnormal noise and sticking.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-28 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Assembly procedure
The assembly procedure is in reverse of disassembly
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Use the shock absorber spring compressor tool to
compress the front coil spring and install it on the lower
strut mounting bracket.
- The end of the coil spring must be close to the limit
position as arrowed.

1.2.7.6 Removal and installation of front lower control

arm assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front lower control arm assembly, and the right front lower
control arm assembly can be removed and installed by
reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the front lower control arm assembly
a. Unscrew the connecting nut between the front lower
control arm assembly and the front steering knuckle as
arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-29 Front suspension

b. As shown in the figure, install the lower control arm ball

joint removal tool ① (8910540BAC0000), press the front
lower control arm ball joint ② out of the front steering
knuckle, and disengage the ball joint.

c. Unscrew the fixing bolts (arrows A, B), and remove the

front lower control arm assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 200±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 200±10 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-30 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.2.7.7 Removal and installation of front steering

knuckle
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of the
left front steering knuckle, and the right front steering
knuckle may be removed and installed by reference to the
left one.
1 Remove the left front strut assembly. Refer to 1.2.7.4
Removal and installation of front strut assembly
2 Remove the front steering knuckle
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed.
b. Take the front wheel hub bearing ② out of the front
steering knuckle ① and remove the front steering knuckle
①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 110±10 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-31 Front suspension

1.2.7.8 Removal and installation of front wheel hub

bearing
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation
procedures of left front wheel hub bearing. The right front
wheel hub bearing can be removed and installed by
reference to the left one.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Remove the left front strut assembly. Refer to 1.2.7.4
Removal and installation of front strut assembly
3 Remove the front wheel hub bearing
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed. b. Separate the front
wheel hub bearing ② from the front steering knuckle ①,
and remove the front wheel hub bearing ②.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 110±10 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-32 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.2.7.9 Removal and installation of front subframe

assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the left/right front wheel assembly. Refer to
1.4.3.1 Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the left/right front wheel mudguard assembly.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
3 Remove the front subframe assembly
a. Turn the steering wheel to the center, set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position, and
lock thesteering wheel.
b. Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
c. Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
d. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A) for connecting the
steering column assembly ① and electric power steering
gear assembly.
e. Disengage the steering column assembly ① from the
electric power steering gear assembly in the direction of
arrow B.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 60±6 N ·m

f. Remove the cotter pin ① of outer ball joint of steering

gear on both sides.
Safety instructions:
The cotter pin is a disposable part and shall not be reused
once it is removed.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-33 Front suspension

g. Unscrew the fixing nuts for connecting the outer ball joint
of steering gear on both sides to the front steering knuckle
as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 50±5 N·m

h. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000) to press the outer ball joints ② of
steering gear on both sides out from the front steering
knuckle and disconnect the outer ball joint.

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-34 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

i. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed, and disconnect the

left/right front stabilizer bar link assembly from the front
strut assembly.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

j. Unscrew the fixing nuts for connecting the front lower

control arm assembly to the front steering knuckle on both
sides as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-35 Front suspension

k. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the front lower control arm ball
joints ② on both sides out of the front steering knuckle, and
disconnect the ball joints.

l. Disconnect the exhaust pipe suspension cushion I ①

from the front subframe assembly.
m. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A), and remove the front
subframe front reinforced crossbeam assembly ②.
n. Unscrew the connecting bolt (arrow B) between the front
subframe left/right buffer beam assembly and the front
subframe assembly.
o. Remove the front subframe left/right buffer beam
assembly ③.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 120±10 N·m
Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 120±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Front suspension 1-36 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

p. Use the transmission lifting device to support the front

subframe assembly ①.
q. Unscrew the fixing blots (arrows A, B, C) at the rear end
of the front subframe assembly.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 120±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 200±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 200±10 N·m

Safety instructions:
Disassembling the front subframe assembly requires the
cooperation of one or two technicians. Note whether other
connectors are involved during the disassembly.
r. Unscrew the fixing bolts as arrowed at the front end of the
front subframe assembly ①.
s. Lower the transmission lifting device slowly and remove
the front subframe assembly and accessories ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 200±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-37 Front suspension

t. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A) and remove the front

stabilizer bar assembly ①.
u. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow B) and take out the
bolt/nut.
v. Remove the mechanical steering gear assembly ②.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 70±7 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow B): 120±10 N·m

w. Unscrew the front lower control arm assembly ① fixing

bolt (arrow A).
x. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow B) of the front lower
control arm assembly ①.
y. Remove the front lower control arm assembly ①.
z. Remove the front subframe assembly ②.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 200±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow B): 200±10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear suspension 1-38 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.3 Rear suspension
1.3.1 Specification
1.3.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Rear shock absorber and body Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×35 110±10

Rear lower control arm and rear shock Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×80
125±10
absorber Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25

Left/right rear axle joint and rear lower Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×80
125±10
control arm Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25

Rear lower control arm and rear Hexagon flange bolt 12×1.25×70
110±10
stabilizer bar link Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25
B-type hexagon flange bolt (with PC
Installation of rear suspensions to the end) and plain washer 180±10
vehicle (subframe to the body)
assembly M14×1.5×123
Rear stabilizer bar link and rear
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 110±10
stabilizer bar

Left/right rear axle joint and rear upper Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×80
125±10
control arm Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25

Rear upper control arm and rear Hexagon flange bolt 12×1.25×70
125±10
subframe Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25
Hexagon socket head cap screw and
Installing rear wheel hub bearing to plain washer assembly 100±10
rear axle joint
M12×1.5×55
Eccentric bolt M12×1.25×100
Rear lower control arm and subframe Eccentric washer 12 × 4 × 35 125±10
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25

Left/right rear axle joint and front toe Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×80
125±10
link Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25
Eccentric bolt M12×1.25×80
Rear toe link and subframe Eccentric washer 12 × 4 × 35 125±10
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25
Left/right rear trailing arm mounting
Hexagon flange bolt M10×1.25×50 70±7
bracket and body
Left/right rear axle joint and rear trailing
Hexagon flange bolt M12×1.25×50 125±10
arm

Left/right rear trailing arm and trailing Hexagon flange bolt M14×1.5×90
180±20
arm mounting bracket Hexagon flange nut M14×1.5
Rear stabilizer bar and rear subframe Hexagon flange nut M10 × 1.25 70±7

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-39 Rear suspension
1.3.2 Overview
1.3.2.1 Description and operation
The suspension system refers to the entire support system composed of springs and shock absorbers between the body
and tires. Its function is to transmit the torque between the wheels and the frame, buffer the impact of the road surface on
the frame or vehicle body and attenuate the resulting vibration of vehicle body to improve ride comfort; Different
suspension systems bring different driving experiences to the driver and determine the stability, comfort and safety of the
vehicle during driving. It is one of the key component of modern vehicles.
The rear suspension of this model adopts multi-link independent suspension and rear cylindrical spiral spring.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear suspension 1-40 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Left rear upper control arm

assembly

Left rear strut assembly

Left rear trailing arm

Left rear wheel hub bearing assembly

Rear stabilizer bar assembly

Left rear lower control arm

assembly

Rear subframe weldment

Right rear stabilizer bar link assembly Right rear toe arm
assembly
Right rear coil spring
Right rear axle joint
assembly

-Composition: It is mainly composed of rear stabilizer bar assembly, rear stabilizer bar link assembly, rear toe arm
assembly, rear trailing arm assembly, rear upper control arm assembly, rear lower control arm assembly, rear axle joint
assembly, rear strut assembly, rear coil spring and rear subframe assembly.
- Structure: multi-link independent suspension.
-Advantages: The multi-link independent suspension can not only ensure a certain comfort, but also keep the wheels
vertical to the ground as much as possible due to a large number of links, reduce the inclination of the body as much as
possible, maintain the tire ground adhesion as much as possible, and have good control stability.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-41 Rear suspension
1.3.3 Location of components
1.3.3.1 Location of components

Left rear upper control arm

assembly

Left rear strut assembly

Left rear trailing arm

Left rear wheel hub bearing assembly

Rear stabilizer bar assembly

Left rear lower control arm

assembly

Rear subframe weldment

Right rear stabilizer bar link assembly Right rear toe arm
assembly
Right rear coil spring
Right rear axle joint
assembly

GAC Motor 2023

Rear suspension 1-42 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.3.4 Exploded view
1.3.4.1 Exploded view of rear suspension assembly

Rear upper control arm assembly

(2 in total)

Rear trailing
arm mounting
bracket

Rear trailing arm bracket

cover

Rear longitudinal
(3 in total) beam assembly
Rear toe arm assembly
Eccentric bolt

(4 in total)

Rear spring upper

rubber pad

Rear coil spring

Rear spring lower

rubber pad

(4 in total)

Rear lower control

arm assembly

Eccentric bolt

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-43 Rear suspension
1.3.4.2 Exploded view of rear shock absorber

Rear protective cover

(2 in total)
Rear strut upper mounting
support assembly

Rear stop block

Strut dust cover

Rear shock absorber

assembly

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Rear suspension 1-44 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.3.5 Special tool
1.3.5.1 List of special tools
S/N Pictorial Tool No. Name

Rear shock absorber nut

1 8910525BAD0000
removal tool

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-45 Rear suspension

1.3.6 Removal and installation

1.3.6.1 Removal and installation of rear strut assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear strut assembly, and the right rear strut assembly can
be removed and installed by reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of left rear wheel assembly
2 Remove rear strut assembly
a. Disconnect the harness (arrow B).
b. Unscrew the fixing bolts (arrows A, C), and remove the
rear strut assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow A): 110±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 125±10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear suspension 1-46 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.3.6.2 Disassembling and assembling front strut

assembly
Disassembly procedure
Note:
This section describes the disassembling and assembling
of left rear strut assembly, and the right rear strut assembly
can be disassembled and assembled by reference to the
left one.
1 Remove the left rear strut assembly. Refer to 1.3.6.1
Removal and installation of rear strut assembly
2 Disassemble the rear strut assembly
a. Disconnect the rear protective cap ① of the rear strut
assembly.

b. Install the rear shock absorber nut removal tool ①

(8910002ATN0000) to the nut of the rear strut assembly as
arrowed, use the tool ② to fix the piston rod with the rear
shock absorber nut removal tool ① (8910002ATN0000),
and use the tool ③ to unscrew the lock nut of the rear strut
assembly with the rear shock absorber nut removal tool ①
(8910002ATN0000) as arrowed.

c. Remove the rear strut upper mounting support assembly

①, strut dust cover ②, rear stop block ③ and rear shock
absorber assembly ④ in sequence.

Assembly procedure
The assembling procedure is in reverse of disassembling
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-47 Rear suspension

1.3.6.3 Removal and installation of rear coil spring

Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear coil spring, and the right rear coil spring can be
removed and installed by reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of left rear wheel assembly
2 Remove the rear coil spring
a. Use a lifting device to support one corner of the rear
lower control arm assembly.
b. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow A) between the rear
lower control arm assembly and the rear axle joint
assembly.
c. Unscrew the connecting bolt/nut (arrow B) between the
rear strut assembly and the rear lower control arm
assembly.
d. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow C) of the rear stabilizer
bar link assembly.
e. Slowly lower the lifting device and remove the rear coil
spring ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow A): 125±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow B): 125±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow C): 110±10 N ·m
Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- During installation of the rear coil spring, be sure to align
the lower end of the rear coil spring with the raised rubber
part as arrowed.

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Rear suspension 1-48 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.3.6.4 Removal and installation of rear upper control

arm assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear upper control arm assembly, and the right rear upper
control arm assembly may be removed and installed by
reference to left one.
1 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of left rear wheel assembly
2 Remove the rear upper control arm assembly
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut of the rear upper control arm
assembly as arrowed, and remove the rear upper control
arm assembly ①.
·Tightening torque of bolt/nut: 180±20 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.
1.3.6.5 Removal and installation of rear lower control
arm assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This is the removing and installing methods of the left rear
lower control arm assembly, and the right rear lower control
arm assembly may be removed and installed by reference
to left one.
1 Remove the left rear coil spring. Refer to removal and
installation of rear coil spring
2 Remove rear lower control arm assembly
a. Unscrew the rear lower control arm assembly fixing
bolt/nut as arrowed.
b. Remove the rear lower control arm assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut: 125±10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-49 Rear suspension

1.3.6.6 Removal and installation of rear toe arm

assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear toe arm assembly, and the right rear toe arm assembly
can be removed and installed by reference to the left one.
1 Lift the vehicle.
2 Remove rear toe arm assembly
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow A) between the rear
toe arm assembly and the rear subframe assembly.
b. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow B) between the rear
toe arm assembly and the rear axle joint. c. Remove the
rear toe arm assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow A): 125±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow B): 125±10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.
1.3.6.7 Removal and installation of rear trailing arm
assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear trailing arm assembly, and the right rear trailing arm
assembly can be removed and installed by reference to the
left rear one.
1 Lift the vehicle.
2 Remove rear trailing arm assembly
a. Unscrew the connecting bolt (arrow A) between the rear
trailing arm assembly and the rear axle joint assembly.
b. Unscrew the connecting bolt (arrow B) between the rear
trailing arm assembly and the body.
c. Remove the rear trailing arm assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 125±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 70±7 N ·m

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Rear suspension 1-50 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-51 Rear suspension

1.3.6.8 Removal and installation of rear wheel hub

bearing
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear wheel hub bearing, and the right rear wheel hub
bearing can be removed and installed by reference to the
left one.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of left rear wheel assembly
3 Remove the left rear brake disc. Refer to 1.8.6.4 Removal
and installation of rear brake disc
4 Remove the rear wheel hub bearing a. Unscrew the
rear wheel hub bearing fixing bolt as arrowed. b. Remove
the rear wheel hub bearing ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 100 ±10 N ·m
Note:
If the rear wheel hub bearing ① is difficult to be removed
due to rust, a rubber hammer can be used for knocking.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

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Rear suspension 1-52 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.3.6.9 Removal and installation of rear axle joint

assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear axle joint assembly, and the right rear axle joint
assembly can be removed and installed by reference to the
left one.
1 Remove the left rear wheel hub bearing. Refer to 1.3.6.8
Removal and installation of rear wheel hub bearing
2 Remove rear axle joint assembly
a. Unscrew the connecting bolt between the rear trailing
arm assembly and the rear axle joint assembly as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 125 ± 10 N ·m

b. Unscrew the connecting bolt/nut (arrow A) between the

rear upper control arm assembly and the rear axle joint
assembly.
c. Unscrew the connecting bolt/nut (arrow B) between the
rear toe arm assembly and the rear axle joint assembly..
d. Unscrew the connecting bolts/nuts as arrowed between
the rear lower control arm assembly and rear axle joint
assembly. e. Remove the rear axle joint assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow A): 125±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow B): 125±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow C): 125 ± 10
N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-53 Rear suspension

1.3.6.10 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar

assembly
Removal procedure
1 Lift the vehicle.
2 Remove rear stabilizer bar assembly
a. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed, and disconnect the
rear stabilizer bar link assembly from the rear stabilizer bar
assembly.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

b. Unscrew the fixing bolt between the rear stabilizer bar

assembly and the rear subframe assembly as arrowed,
remove the rear stabilizer bar assembly ①.
·Tightening torque of bolt: 70±7 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.
1.3.6.11 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar
link assembly
Removal procedure

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Rear suspension 1-54 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear stabilizer bar link assembly, and the right rear stabilizer
bar link assembly can be removed and installed by
reference to the left one.
1 Remove the rear stabilizer bar link assembly
a. Unscrew the connecting nut (arrow A) between the rear
stabilizer bar link assembly and the rear stabilizer bar
assembly.
b. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut (arrow B) between the rear
lower control arm assembly and the rear stabilizer bar link
assembly.
c. Remove the rear stabilizer bar link assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow A): 110±10 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut (arrow B): 110 ± 10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-55 Rear suspension

1.3.6.12 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar

bushing
Removal procedure
Note:
The rear transverse stabilizer bar bushing cannot be
removed separately because it is vulcanized on the rear
stabilizer bar assembly.
When the rear stabilizer bar bushing is damaged, replace
the rear stabilizer bar assembly directly.
1 Remove the rear stabilizer bar bushing. Refer to 1.3.6.10
Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar assembly
1.3.6.13 Removal and installation of the rear subframe
assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the left/right rear wheel assembly. Refer to
1.4.3.1 Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the rear exhaust pipeline with muffler assembly.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the left/right rear axle joint assembly. Refer to
1.3.6.9 Removal and installation of rear axle joint assembly
4 Remove the left/right rear upper control arm assembly.
Refer to 1.3.6.4 Removal and installation of rear upper
control arm assembly
5 Remove the left/right rear lower control arm assembly.
Refer to 1.3.6.5 Removal and installation of rear lower
control arm assembly
6 Remove the left/right rear toe arm assembly. Refer to
1.3.6.6 Removal and installation of rear toe arm assembly
7 Remove the left/right rear trailing arm assembly. Refer to
1.3.6.7 Removal and installation of rear trailing arm
assembly
8 Remove the rear stabilizer bar assembly. Refer to
1.3.6.10 Removal and installation of rear stabilizer bar
assembly
9 Remove rear subframe assembly
Safety instructions:
The disassembly of rear subframe assembly requires the
cooperation of one or two technicians. Note whether other
connectors are involved during the disassembly.
a. Place the transmission lifting device below the rear
subframe assembly ① and support the rear subframe
assembly ①.
b. Unscrew the fixing bolt between the rear subframe
assembly ② and the body as arrowed.
c. Slowly lower the transmission lifting device and remove
the rear subframe assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 180±10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment

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Wheels and tires 1-56 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.4 Wheels and tires
1.4.1 Specifications
1.4.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Wheel assembly 225/65R17
Wheel assembly 235/60R18 Wheel bolt M12×1.25 125±10
Wheel assembly 235/55R19

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-57 Wheels and tires
1.4.2 Description and operation
1.4.2.1 Structure of tire

1. Tread
a. Tire tread refers to the tire portion which is in contact with the road surface and enables the vehicle to be driven and
braked via the ground friction. It shall have excellent wear resistance, puncture resistance, impact resistance and heat
dissipation performance.
2. Carcass
a. Carcass refers to the fabric ply in the tire, which is the main stressed portion. It shall have excellent impact resistance
and flexing resistance during driving.
3. Steel belts
a. Steel belts mean the steel cords between the tread and the carcass. They can protect the carcass, suppress the tread
deformation, maintain the ground contact area of the tread, and increase the wear resistance and the driving stability.
4. Cap plies
a. Cap plies mean the special fabric ply over the steel belts. They can suppress the steel belts from moving during
driving, prevent the steel belts from separation during high-speed driving and maintain the tire stability at high vehicle
speed.
5. Bead
a. Bead is steel wires with rubber which are twined in a certain shape (square or hexagon). It aids in securing the tire to
the wheel rim.
6. Bead apex
a. Bead apex is the filler over the bead ring in the tire. It prevents the bead from separation, eases the impact to the bead
for protection and prevents air during molding.
7. Inner liner
a. Inner liner is the part maintaining air tightness in the tubeless tire. It is made of special rubbers and serves as a tire
tube.
1.4.2.2 Meaning of tire sidewall markings and air pressure description
Meaning of tire sidewall markings
Example: 225/50 R17 94V
225 - nominal section width (mm)
50 - flatness ratio (ratio of height to width: ％)
R - radial type
17 - nominal rim diameter (in)
94 ―load index
V-speed level (240 km/h)
Common speed rating table:

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Wheels and tires 1-58 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Speed rating Maximum speed (km/h)

Q 160
R 170
S 180
W 270
Y 300
ZR Above 240
Tire pressure description
As the tire pressure has the decisive influence on tire wear, faults and damage, for safe driving, standard pressure must
be maintained and the tire pressure must be inspected regularly.
- As the tire's load capacity corresponds to the tire's inflation pressure, be sure to always determine the proper tire
pressure based on the car load. Change in climate and seasons shall not be the reason for tire pressure adjustment.
-The tire's peripheral dimensions will change due to the flexing and heating during the initial usage of a new tire and thus
the tire pressure will reduce. Therefore, tire pressure shall be checked and adjusted after driving for 2,000-3,000 km.
- The tire pressure shall be increased by 10%-15% for long time high-speed driving.
1. Hazards of under-inflation
Under-inflation will result in intensified deformation of tire sidewall and increased heat generation, thus reducing the tire
life significantly and leading to the following problems and potential safety hazards:
a. Excessive wear of tire shoulder.
b. Increased risk of tire blisters due to impact.
c. Reduced adhesion between tire parts and thus ply separation.
d. Excessive under-inflation may result in sidewall damage.
e. Excessive tire runout, resulting in abnormal wear between tire bead and rim, and thus damaging the rim.
f. Increased rolling resistance and thus increased fuel consumption.
2. Hazards of over-inflation
Over-inflation may result in reduced tread contact area, increased carcass stiffness and reduced buffering performance,
and lead to the following problems and potential safety hazards:
a. Excessive wear at the center of the tread.
b. Increased risk of tire break or burst due to external impact..
c. Reduced ground contact area, resulting in reduced maneuverability and increased risk of drift or coasting.
d. Decreased ride comfort.
e. Poor ride comfort; long time driving under over-inflation condition can easily cause chassis damage.
3. Uneven pressure in tires on the same suspension may result in:
a. Uneven braking force on the left and right sides.
b. Pulling to one side during steering
c. Reduced maneuverability.
d. Pulling to one side during acceleration.
e. Pulling to one side during driving.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-59 Wheels and tires
1.4.2.3 Tire rotation
Caution
Obvious uneven tire wear, if any, shall be troubleshooted. In case of tire rotation, it is recommended to check the balance
of tire and wheel assemblies at the same time.
1 Wear conditions of front and rear tires are quite different because of different loads during running. Therefore, tire
rotation shall be performed regularly to avoid tire wear in single direction, to achieve even tire wear and thus extend the
tire life. It is recommended to perform tire rotation every 5,000 km or 6 months. The main purposes of tire rotation are:
a. to ensure even tire wear and fatigue and guarantee stability and economy.
b. to check the tire condition in order to find damage in time and forestall accidents.
2 Perform tire rotation on the wheel assemblies as shown below.
Carry out the cross rotation of “non-directional” wheel assemblies, as shown in the figure below.

As shown below, carry out the parallel rotation of “non-directional” wheel assemblies.

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Wheels and tires 1-60 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-61 Wheels and tires

1.4.3 Removal and installation

1.4.3.1 Removal and installation of wheel assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the wheel assembly
a. Use a tire wrench to loosen the wheel assembly fixing
bolts ①~⑤ in sequence.
b. Lift the vehicle.
c. Unscrew the fixing bolt of the wheel assembly.
d. Remove the wheel assembly.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 125 ± 10 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Before assembling the wheel, screw all the wheel bolts by
hand first.
- Tighten the wheel fixing bolts ①-⑤ diagonally to 30 Nm in
sequence.
- Lower the vehicle, leave it in no-load state, and tighten the
wheel bolts to the specified torque with a torque wrench.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 125 ± 10 N ·m

- It is prohibited to use an impact wrench while screwing

wheel bolts.

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Wheels and tires 1-62 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.4.3.2 Removal and installation of tires

Removal procedure
1 Remove the wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1 Removal
and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the wheels and tires.
a. Unscrew the valve cap.
b. Unscrew the valve core as arrowed with a bleeder ① to
bleed the tire.

c. Press the tire ② out of the rim groove as arrowed with a

tire changer ①.
Note:
When using the tire changer, do not touch the rim to avoid
damaging it.
When using the tire changer, avoid the valve position to
avoid damage to the tire pressure sensor.

d. Turn over the tire ②, and press the tire ② out of the rim
groove as arrowed with the tire changer ①.
Note: When using the tire changer , do not touch the rim to
avoid damaging it.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-63 Wheels and tires

e. Pry the tire ② with a tire lever ①, step on the rotary

switch and take off the tire ②.
Note:
In the process of removing the tire, pay attention to the
distance between the head of the tire changer and the rim
to avoid damage to the rim surface.
The rim shall be clamped firmly during removal of tires.
Inspection shall be carried out before start of the tire
changer. It is strictly forbidden to separate the tire by hand
when turning the tire.
When removing and installing tires, be careful not to
damage the tire valve to avoid air leakage.

f. Pry the tire ② with a tire lever ①, step on the rotary

switch and take off the tire ②.

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Wheels and tires 1-64 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Installation procedure
Installation procedure
- Before assembling the tire, coat the contact surface
between the bead and the rim with glycerin or soapy water
in the circumferential direction.
- When installing the tire, make the side marked with
"OUTSIDE" (arrow A) or "production cycle" (arrow A) face
outwards.

- Put the tire above the area of the tire changer ① (arrow
A).
- Hold the area of tire (arrow B) with hand, step on the
rotary switch, and press the inner side of the tire into the
rim.
Note:
In the process of installing the tire, pay attention to the
distance between the head of the tire changer and the rim
to avoid damage to the rim surface.
The rim shall be clamped firmly during installation of tires.
Inspection shall be carried out before start of the tire
changer.

- Put the tire above the area of the tire changer ① (arrow A)
and under the area (arrow B).
- Press the tire with the tire lever ②, step on the rotary
switch, and press the outer side of the tire into the rim.
- Remove the wheel assembly from the tire changer ①.
Inflate the tire to 100 kPa~200 kPa. When hearing the
sound of the tire bead sliding over the rim dome, tighten the
valve core.
-Adjust the inflation pressure to the specified value.
- Perform dynamic balancing of the wheel assembly.
- Install the wheel assembly.
-After the wheel assembly is installed, the tire pressure
sensor needs to be matched.
Note:
In the process of installing the tire, pay attention to the
distance between the head of the tire changer and the rim
to avoid damage to the rim surface.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-65 Wheels and tires

1.4.3.3 Dynamic balancing of wheels

Steps
1 Remove the wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1 Removal
and installation of wheel assembly
2 Perform the dynamic balancing of wheels
a. Remove the wheel trim cover.
b. Install the wheel assembly ① on the dynamic balancing
machine.
c. Choose the appropriate cone ② and install it into the
center hole of the wheel assembly.
Caution
The cone must be aligned with the center hole. Otherwise,
data may be inaccurate.

d. Use the locking device ② to lock the wheel assembly ①.

e. Power on the dynamic balancing machine.

f. Pull out the ruler ① and measure the distance between
the rim and the dynamic balancing machine as arrowed.

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Wheels and tires 1-66 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

g. On the dynamic balancing machine's control panel

(arrow A), enter the distance data between the rim and the
dynamic balancing machine to display the entered value
(arrow B).

h. Use the ruler ① to measure the rim width as arrowed.

i. On the dynamic balancing machine's control panel (arrow

A), enter the rim width data to display the entered value
(arrow B).

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-67 Wheels and tires

j. See the tire rim diameter as arrowed.

k. On the dynamic balancing machine's control panel

(arrow A), enter the rim diameter data to display the
entered value (arrow B).

l. Press the start button (arrow A) to make the dynamic

balancing machine drive the wheel to rotate in the direction
of arrow B and start the measurement.
m. After the wheel stops automatically, the deviation value
of the wheel is displayed on the control panel.
Caution
When the wheel is rotating, do not approach the wheel to
avoid danger.

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Wheels and tires 1-68 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

n. Rotate the wheel by hand. When the inner side of the

dynamic balancing machine displays full (arrow A), add the
corresponding counterbalance on the inner side of the rim
(arrow B).

o. Rotate the wheel by hand. When the outer side of the

dynamic balancing machine displays full (arrow A), add the
corresponding counterbalance on the outer side of the rim
(arrow B).

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-69 Wheels and tires

p. Press the start button (arrow A) again to make the

dynamic balancing machine drive the wheel to rotate in the
direction of arrow B.
Caution
When the wheel is rotating, do not approach the wheel to
avoid danger.

q. After the wheels stop automatically, the control panel

displays 00 as arrowed, indicating that the dynamic
balancing is completed.

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Four-wheel alignment 1-70 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.5 Four-wheel alignment
1.5.1 Description and operation
1.5.1.1 Four-wheel alignment overview
Special tools and service equipment
Four-wheel alignment tester approved by our company.
The front suspension and rear suspension must be measured during each measurement. Otherwise, the steering wheel
cannot be guaranteed in the center position.
A four-wheel alignment tester shall be used for measurement and positioning.
All information used for measurement and alignment are available in the computer of the four-wheel alignment tester
provided by the wheel aligner manufacturer, including all the information upgrade patches.
Note:
Only after the traveled distance is 1,000 to 2,000 km can the vehicle be measured, since the settling process of the coil
spring ends then.
For adjustments, values shall be as accurate as possible to conform to relevant specifications.
Wheel alignment must be performed in the following situations:
- There is a driving performance defect.
- Damage is caused by accident and related components are replaced.
- Suspension related components are removed or replaced.
- Single-side tires are worn and the vehicle pulls to one side.
- After the car passes through a pit at a high speed, if the steering wheel deflects or the virtual position becomes larger
(the steering gear mounting bolt needs to be replaced).
Wheel alignment is required after the following parts have been replaced:
Removal, installation and replacement Wheel alignment test
of front suspension parts
Yes No
Front lower control arm assembly √
Front subframe assembly √
Front steering knuckle √
Steering gear assembly √
Electric power steering column
√
assembly
Removal, installation and replacement Wheel alignment test
of rear suspension parts
Yes No
Rear toe arm assembly √
Rear trailing arm assembly √
Rear upper control arm assembly √
Rear lower control arm assembly √
Rear subframe weldment √
Rear axle joint assembly √
Caution
- After the four-wheel alignment of the vehicle, the midpoint of the steering wheel will be affected, so it is necessary to
recalibrate the midpoint of the EPS torque and angle sensor (TAS).
1.5.1.2 Prerequisites for four-wheel alignment test
The wheels, suspensions, wheel bearings, and steering system have been checked for damage or excessive clearance.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-71 Four-wheel alignment
The maximum allowable deviation of tire pattern depth on the same suspension is 2 mm.
The tire pressure has been adjusted to the specified value.
The vehicle is without load. The spare wheel and driver's tools are in the corresponding fixed places in the vehicle.
The washer fluid reservoirs of the windshield and front combination lamp must be full.
Caution
The measuring equipment shall be installed and calibrated as specified. The operating instructions provided by the
equipment manufacturer shall be abode by.
If necessary, let the manufacturer of the wheel aligner provide instructions.
The wheel alignment bench and computer may deviate from the initial measurement accuracy/setting value over time.
While the wheel alignment bench, wheel aligner and computer are subject to maintenance, they shall be inspected at
least once a year and adjusted if necessary.
Be sure to use high-precision instruments carefully.
1.5.1.3 Preparation for four-wheel alignment measurement
Note: The rim offset must be compensated. Otherwise, the measurement results will be inaccurate.
The toe-in cannot be adjusted correctly without rim offset compensation, so the instructions provided by the wheel aligner
manufacturer must be abode by.
1. Carry out compensation for rim offset.
2. Return the steering wheel to the center, then use the steering wheel fixing tool to fix the steering wheel, and at the
same time, use the brake pedal depressor to depress the brake pedal.
1.5.1.4 Parameters of four-wheel alignment
Parameters of four-wheel alignment
Item Parameters
Single wheel toe-in 4′±3′
Front wheel camber -16′±30′
Front wheel
Kingpin caster angle 7°12′±45′
Kingpin inclination angle 12°59′±45′
Single wheel toe-in 2′±3′
Rear wheel
Wheel camber -55’±30′

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Four-wheel alignment 1-72 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment

Adjust the front wheel toe-in
1 Adjust the toe-in of the front wheel
a. Loosen the lock nut as arrowed. Adjust the toe-in by
rotating the left and right links ①.
b. Tighten the nut as arrowed and recheck the toe-in of
each front wheel. If the adjusted value does not exceed the
specified value by 3′, the adjustment is valid.
• Tightening torque of nut: 60±5 N·m
Note:
To prevent the sheath from twisting, detach the clamp of
the sheath.
After the lock nut is tightened, the toe-in value can be
slightly changed.

Adjust rear wheel camber

2 Rear wheel camber
a. Loosen the nut (arrow A), and adjust the rear wheel
camber by turning the adjusting bolt (arrow B).
b. After adjustment, fix the adjusting bolt (arrow B), tighten
the nut (arrow A), and recheck the rear wheel camber.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow A): 125±10 N ·m
Note:
After the lock nut is tightened, the camber can be slightly
changed.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-73 Four-wheel alignment

Adjust the rear wheel toe-in

3 Adjust the toe-in of each rear wheel
a. Loosen the lock nut (arrow A), and adjust the rear wheel
camber by turning the adjusting bolt (arrow B).
b. After adjustment, fix the adjusting bolt (arrow B), tighten
the nut (arrow A), and recheck the rear wheel camber.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow A): 125±10 N ·m
Note:
After the lock nut is tightened, the toe-in value can be
slightly changed.

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Driving axle system 1-74 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.6 Driving axle system
1.6.1 Specification
1.6.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Left front driving axle outer ball cage
and wheel hub bearing
Driving axle nut M24X1.5
Right front driving axle outer ball cage 360±30
and wheel hub bearing
Left/right front steering knuckle and
Hexagon flange nut M14×1.5 110±10
front lower control arm
Steering knuckle and mechanical
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 50±5
steering gear
Tightening items for bolts for
connecting right front driving axle and Hexagon flange bolt M8 × 50 30±3
support bearing bracket

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-75 Driving axle system
1.6.2 Location of components
1.6.2.1 Location of components

Left front driving axle Right front driving axle

assembly assembly

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Driving axle system 1-76 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.6.3 List of special tools

1.6.3.1 List of special tools
S/N Pictorial Tool No. Name

Drive shaft nut installer and

1 8910500BAC0000
remover socket

2 8910505BAC0000 Driving axle removal tool

Lower swing arm ball joint

3 8910540BAC0000
removal tool

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-77 Driving axle system

1.6.4 Removal and installation

1.6.4.1 Removal and installation of front driving axle
nut
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of
left driving axle nut, and the right driving axle nut may
be removed and installed by reference to left one.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Use two wheel bolts to fix the brake disc and hub bearing.
3 Remove the front driving axle nut
a. Unlock the self-locking device of the driving axle outer
locking nut as arrowed with the punch ①.

b. Fix the brake disc with a tool, and use the driving axle
nut installer and remover socket ① (8910500BAC0000) to
unscrew the driving axle nut.
• Tightening torque of nut: 360±30 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Driving axle system 1-78 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- After each removal, the driving axle nut must be replaced.
- Fix the brake disc with a tool, and use the driving axle nut
installer and remover socket ① (8910500BAC0000) to
tighten the hexagon self-locking nut to 360±30Nm.

- Lock the self-locking device of the driving axle outer

locking nut as arrowed with the punch ①.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-79 Driving axle system

1.6.4.2 Removal and installation of left front driving

axle assembly
Removal procedure
Caution
Be careful not to pull the tripod universal joint out from
the housing.
Never use a hammer or other tools to knock the driving
axle.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the left front driving axle nut. Refer to 1.6.4.1
Removal and installation of front driving axle nut
3 Drain the transmission oil. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
4 Remove front driving axle assembly
a. Take out the fixing cotter pin ①.

b. Unscrew the fixing nut of outer ball joint of steering gear

as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 50±5 N·m

c. Install the ball joint removal tool ① (8910535BAC0000),

press the outer ball joint ② of steering gear out of the front
steering knuckle, and disengage the outer ball joint.

GAC Motor 2023

Driving axle system 1-80 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

d. Unscrew the front stabilizer bar link assembly fixing nut

as arrowed, and disconnect the assembly.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

e. Unscrew the connecting nuts as arrowed between the

front lower control arm assembly and the front steering
knuckle.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10

f. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the front lower control arm ball
joint ② out of the front steering knuckle, and disengage the
ball joint.
Note:
When placing the lower control arm after removal, prevent
scratching and damaging the lower control arm ball joint.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-81 Driving axle system

g. Use the driving axle removal tool ①(8910505BAC0000)

to press the front driving axle assembly out of the steering
knuckle.

h. Use a crowbar to remove the left front driving axle

assembly ①.
Caution
During removal of the left front driving axle assembly, try to
avoid collisions between the left front driving axle assembly
and other components or the body. Otherwise, it is likely to
damage other components or scratch the paint.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Engage the spline of the driving axle with the internal
spline of the transmission a little bit.
- Hold the driving axle with hands, and push it into the
transmission in the "fast impact" way to the stop position.
- Add the wet DCT fluid. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Driving axle system 1-82 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.6.4.3 Removal and installation of right front driving

axle assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the right front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the right front driving axle nut. Refer to 1.6.4.1
Removal and installation of front driving axle nut
3 Drain the transmission oil. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
4 Remove right front driving axle assembly
a. Remove the cotter pin ①.
Safety instructions:
The cotter pin is a disposable part and shall not be reused
once it is removed.

b. Unscrew the fixing nut for connecting the outer ball joint
of steering gear to the front steering knuckle as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 90±9 N·m

c. Install the front lower control arm ball joint removal tool
① (8910540BAC0000) to press the outer ball joint ② of
steering gear out from the front steering knuckle and
disconnect the outer ball joint.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-83 Driving axle system

d. Unscrew the connecting nut of front stabilizer bar link

assembly as arrowed.

e. Unscrew the fixing nut for connecting the front lower

control arm assembly to the front steering knuckle as
arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

f. Install the front lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①
(8910540BAC0000) to press the front lower control arm ball
joint ② out from the front steering knuckle and disconnect
the front lower control arm ball joint.

GAC Motor 2023

Driving axle system 1-84 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

g. Use the driving axle removal tool ①(8910505BAC0000)

to press the right front driving axle assembly out of the
steering knuckle.

h. Unscrew the fixing bolt of support bearing bracket as

arrowed, and remove the right front driving axle assembly
①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 30±3 N·m
Caution
During removal of the right front driving axle assembly, try
to avoid collisions between the right front driving axle
assembly and other components or the body. Otherwise, it
is likely to damage other components or scratch the paint.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Add the wet DCT fluid. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-85 Front brake
1.7 Front brake
1.7.1 Specification
1.7.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Mounting the left brake hose [front
brake hose assembly]
Attached fastener 27±3
Mounting the right brake hose [front
brake hose assembly]
Left front brake tube
Attached fastener 17±2
Right front brake tube
Left front brake hose [fixing bracket]
Hexagon flange bolt M6 × 16 8±2
Right front brake hose [fixing bracket]
Left front brake caliper assembly to
steering knuckle [left front brake caliper
assembly]
Hexagon flange bolt M14 × 1.5 × 40 180±20
Right front brake caliper assembly to
steering knuckle [right front brake
caliper assembly]
Installing the front brake discs [front Hexagon lobular socket countersunk
7±1
brake discs] head screw M6×20
Front left brake disc dust cover to
steering knuckle [Front left brake disc
dust cover] Hexagon socket button head screw
10±2
Front right brake disc dust cover to M6×12
steering knuckle [Front right brake disc
dust cover]

GAC Motor 2023

Front brake 1-86 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.7.2 Description and operation
1.7.2.1 Description and operation
Composition of front brake system:
The front brake system consists of the following component:
• Front brake lining: it applies the mechanical force output from the hydraulic brake caliper to the friction surface of
the brake disc.
• Brake lining guide plate: it is located between the brake lining and the brake lining mounting bracket to guarantee
the brake lining moves smoothly, so as to eliminate noise.
• Front brake disc: it reduces the rotating speed of the wheel assembly by using the mechanical force output from the
brake lining and applied to the friction surface of the brake disc so as to brake the vehicle.
• Front brake caliper assembly: it receives the hydraulic pressure from the brake master cylinder and converts the
hydraulic pressure into the mechanical output force acting on the internal brake lining; When the master cylinder
returns, the brake caliper piston returns automatically.
• Front caliper bracket assembly: it is used to fix the brake lining and brake caliper in place, and maintain the correct
matching position with the hydraulic brake caliper, enabling the brake lining to slide when the mechanical output
force acts on the internal brake lining.
• Brake caliper floating pin: it is used to install the hydraulic brake caliper and fix the brake caliper in place to match
the brake caliper bracket properly, enabling the brake caliper to slide relative to the brake lining when the
mechanical output force is applied.
Operation of front brake system:
The mechanical output force from the hydraulic brake caliper piston is applied to the inner brake lining. While the piston
pushes the internal brake lining outwards, the brake caliper case pulls the outer brake lining inwards so as to distribute
the output force evenly. The brake lining applies the output force to the friction surfaces on both sides of the brake disc
so as to reduce the rotating speed of the wheel assembly.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-87 Front brake
1.7.3 Exploded view
1.7.3.1 Exploded view

Front brake caliper

assembly

Front outer brake

lining

Front inner brake

lining

(2 in total)

Front wheel hub

bearing

Front brake disc dust

cover

Front brake disc Front steering knuckle

(3 in total)

(4 in total)

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Front brake 1-88 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.7.4 List of special tools
1.7.4.1 List of special tools
S/N Pictorial Tool No. Name

Brake caliper piston reset

1 8910565BAC0000
tool

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-89 Front brake

1.7.5 Removal and installation

1.7.5.1 Removal and installation of front brake lining
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front brake lining, and the right front brake lining may be
removed and installed by reference to left one.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the front brake lining
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed. b. Take out the front
brake caliper assembly ① and move it aside.
Caution
When removing the brake caliper case, do not depress the
brake pedal as the piston may pop out.

c. Take out the front brake lining ①.

GAC Motor 2023

Front brake 1-90 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Use the brake caliper piston reset tool ① (8910565
BAC0000) to reset the front brake piston ②.
Note:
Before using the brake caliper piston reset tool to press the
brake caliper piston into the cylinder, be sure to suck a
small amount of brake fluid from the brake fluid reservoir.
Otherwise, the brake fluid will spill due to the reset piston.

- When installing the front brake caliper case assembly, be

sure to straighten out the brake hose ① and check that the
hose is naturally bent.

- Each time the brake lining is replaced, the brake pedal

must be stepped hard on repeatedly with the vehicle in
parked state to restore the brake pedal to its normal stroke.
- Check the brake fluid level after replacing the brake
linings.
- Check the hoses and pipe connectors for leaks and
tighten them if necessary. Front brake lining parameters
Thickness of brake lining Wear limit
10 mm (excluding
2 mm (excluding backplate)
backplate)

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-91 Front brake

1.7.5.2 Removal and installation of front brake caliper

assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front brake caliper assembly, and the right front brake
caliper assembly can be removed and installed by
reference to the left one.
When removing the front brake caliper assembly, do not
spill the brake fluid on the vehicle. Otherwise, the paint may
be damaged. If the brake fluid has been spilled on the
paint, clean it immediately with clean water.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Drain the brake fluid. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
3 Remove the front brake caliper assembly
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed, disengage the front
brake hose ①, and take off the washer.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 27 ± 3 N ·m
Note:
When unscrewing the front brake hose fixing bolt, place a
suitable container underneath to collect the brake fluid.

b. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and remove the front

brake caliper assembly ①.

GAC Motor 2023

Front brake 1-92 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Use the front brake caliper piston reset tool ① (8910565
BAC0000) to reset the front brake caliper piston ②.
Note:
Before using the brake caliper piston reset tool to press the
brake caliper piston into the cylinder, be sure to suck a
small amount of brake fluid from the brake fluid reservoir.
Otherwise, the brake fluid will spill due to the reset piston.

- When installing the front brake caliper case assembly, be

sure to straighten out the brake hose ① and check that the
hose is naturally bent.
-After installing the brake hose, add the brake fluid. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance.
- Bleed the brake system after installing the brake hose.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-93 Front brake

1.7.5.3 Removal and installation of front caliper bracket

assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front caliper bracket assembly, and the right front caliper
bracket assembly can be removed and installed by
reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left front brake lining. Refer to 1.7.5.1
Removal and installation of front brake lining
2 Remove the front brake caliper bracket
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and remove the front
caliper bracket assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 180 ± 20 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Front brake 1-94 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.7.5.4 Removal and installation of front brake disc

Removal procedure
Note:
This is the removing and installing methods of the left front
brake disc, and the right front brake disc may be removed
and installed by reference to left one.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the front brake disc
a. Disengage the harness (arrow A).
b. Unscrew the front brake caliper bracket fixing bolt (arrow
B).
c. Remove the front brake caliper and front caliper bracket
assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 8+2 N·m
Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 180+20 N·m

d. Unscrew the locating bolt as arrowed of the front brake

disc, and take out the front brake disc ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 7±1 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- For installation of brake disc, no grease or oil shall stick to
the brake disc.
-Check the wear pattern of the front brake disc and replace
the brake disc if necessary. Please refer to the
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance.
Caution
If the front brake disc is worn to the limit, replace it.
If the runout of front brake disc is greater than the standard
value, refinish the surface of the brake disc, and replace the
front brake disc if necessary.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-95 Front brake

1.7.5.5 Removal and installation of front brake hose

assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front brake hose, and the right front brake hose can be
removed and installed by reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Drain the brake fluid. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
3 Remove front brake hose assembly
a. Unscrew front brake hose assembly ① fixing bolt (arrow
A), and take out the washer.
b. Undo the harness fixing clip (arrow B).
c. Unscrew the bracket fixing bolt (arrow C).
d. Unscrew the fixing nut (arrow D) between the brake tube
and the front brake hose assembly ①.
e. Remove the lock plate ②, and take out the front brake
hose assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 27±3 N ·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 8±2 N ·m
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow D): 17±2 N ·m
Note:
Before unscrewing the front brake hose assembly fixing
bolt, place a suitable container underneath to collect the
brake fluid.
Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Straighten out the brake hose ① during installation, and
confirm that the hose is naturally bent.
- After installing the brake hose, add the brake fluid. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance.
- Bleed the brake system after installing the brake hose.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Front brake 1-96 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.7.5.6 Removal and installation of front brake disc

dust cover
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
front brake disc dust cover, and the right front brake disc
dust cover can be removed and installed by reference to
the left one.
1 Remove the front brake disc. Refer to 1.7.6.4 Removal
and installation of front brake disc
2 Remove the front brake disc dust cover
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and remove the front
brake disc dust cover ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 10±2 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-97 Rear brake
1.8 Rear brake
1.8.1 Specification
1.8.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Mounting the left rear brake hose [rear
brake hose assembly]
Attached fastener 27±3
Mounting the right rear brake hose
[rear brake hose assembly]
Left rear brake tube 1
Attached fastener 17±2
Right rear brake tube 1
Mounting the left rear motor-integrated
brake caliper assembly to the left rear
axle joint
Hexagon flange bolt M12 × 1.25 × 75 110±11
Mounting the right rear motor-
integrated brake caliper assembly to
the right rear axle joint
Hexagon lobular socket countersunk
Rear brake disc 7±1
head screw M6×20

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-98 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.8.2 Description and operation
1.8.2.1 Description and operation
Composition of rear brake system
The rear brake system consists of the following components:
• Rear brake lining: it applies the mechanical force output from the hydraulic brake caliper to the friction surface of
the brake disc.
• Brake lining guide plate: it is located between the brake lining and the brake caliper bracket to ensure the brake
lining moves smoothly without generating noise.
• Rear brake disc: it reduces the rotating speed of the wheel assembly by using the mechanical force output from the
brake lining and applied to the friction surface of the brake disc so as to brake the vehicle.
• Rear motor-integrated brake caliper assembly: it receives the hydraulic pressure from the brake master cylinder
and converts the hydraulic pressure into the mechanical output force acting on the internal brake lining; when the
master cylinder returns, the brake caliper piston returns automatically. The EPB motor is integrated in the brake
caliper and controlled via the EPB switch to achieve electric parking.
• Rear brake caliper bracket: it is used to fix the brake lining and brake caliper in place with correct positions relative
to the hydraulic brake caliper, and make the brake lining slide when the mechanical output force acts on the brake
lining.
• Brake caliper floating pin: it is used to install the hydraulic brake caliper and fix the brake caliper in place to match
the brake caliper bracket properly, enabling the brake caliper to slide relative to the brake lining when the
mechanical output force is applied.
Operation of rear brake system:
The mechanical output force from the hydraulic brake caliper piston is applied to the inner brake lining. While the piston
pushes the internal brake lining outwards, the brake caliper case pulls the outer brake lining inwards so as to distribute
the output force evenly. The brake lining applies the output force to the friction surfaces on both sides of the brake disc
so as to reduce the rotating speed of the wheel assembly.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-99 Rear brake
1.8.3 Exploded view
1.8.3.1 Exploded view

Rear outer brake

Rear brake disc lining

Rear inner brake lining

Rear motor-integrated brake

Rear brake disc dust caliper assembly
cover

Rear wheel hub

bearing

(2 in total)

Rear axle joint

assembly
(4 in total)

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-100 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.8.4 Diagnostic information and procedure
1.8.4.1 Diagnostic instructions
The diagnostic scan tool may be used to read the switch and sensor values by reading the DTC via the OBD DLC of the
vehicle and reading the data table displayed on the diagnostic scan tool based on the data table of EPB without
removing any part. Reading the data table can be used to quickly locate a fault, and it is one of the ways to shorten the
diagnosis time.
1.8.4.2 Visual inspection
• Verify the symptom.
No symptom present during troubleshooting is the most difficult case in which the fault described by the user must be
analyzed thoroughly. And then simulate the identical or similar condition under which the symptom occurred on the
customer’s vehicle. No matter how skillful the service personnel are or how rich their experience is, they would ignore
some important things in their repair work and make some wrong determination without confirmation of the fault symptom.
This will make troubleshooting impossible.
• Check the accessible or visible system components for obvious damage or conditions which may cause faults.
• The connectors and the support points of vibration are the main locations which must be checked thoroughly. The
vibration method is recommended in case of fault due to vibration.
a Gently vibrate the suspected sensor part with fingers to check it for fault.
b Gently shake the connector in the vertical and horizontal directions.
c Gently shake the harness in the vertical and horizontal directions.
1.8.4.3 ECU terminal
EPB ECU (BD71)

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector

Terminal No. Wire Terminal definition Condition Reference value

diameter/color (approx.)
1 3.0/Red Battery power supply 1 - -
2 2.5/red Left rear EPB motor + - -
3 3.0/Red Battery power supply 2 - -
4 2.5/red Right rear EPB motor + - -
6 0.35/pink EPB switch signal 2 - -
7 0.35/orange EPB switch signal 1 - -
8 0.35/purple EPB indicator lamp - -
16 4.0/Black Ground 1 - 0V
17 2.5/black Left rear EPB motor- - -
18 4.0/Black Ground 2 - 0V

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-101 Rear brake

Terminal No. Wire Terminal definition Condition Reference value

diameter/color (approx.)
19 2.5/black Right rear EPB motor- - -
24 0.35/gray IG1 On HEV Engine Battery voltage
START/STOP button is
in ON position
27 0.35/brown EPB switch signal 4 - -
28 0.35/white EPB switch signal 3 - -
29 0.35/brown PCAN-L - -
30 0.35/blue PCAN-H - -
1.8.4.4 Data list
Diagnostic Range
display/measurement Sub-data Unit
item Min. Max.

Vehicle speed 0 240 km/h

HEV Engine speed
0 65535 65535
(optionalfor fuel
vehicles)
Motor speed (optional - 65535 65535
for new energy
vehicles)
0 39 V
Power supply voltage
0 3 NA
Freeze frame data Key status
0 2255 YY
Time of failure - year
1 12 MM
Time of failure - month
1 31 DD
Time of failure - day
0 23 Hour
Time of failure - hour
0 59 min
Time of failure _
minute
0 59 s
Time of failure _
second
Left motor voltage -20 20 V
Right motor voltage -20 20 V
Left motor current -100 100 A
Right motor current -100 100 A

EPB actuator status Left clamping force 0 50 KN

Right clamping force 0 50 KN
Left actuator (brake
-63 1300 °C
disc) temperature
Right actuator (brake
-63 1300 °C
disc) temperature
Number of failures 0 65535 -
Extended frame data
Aging counter 0 65535 -
1.8.4.5 List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs)
DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action
1. Left brake caliper harness is 1. Check the left brake caliper harness and the
C11A096 Left brake caliper fault open-circuited / short-circuited fuse
2. The EPB ECU is damaged 2. Replace the EPB ECU
Right brake caliper harness is 1. Check the right brake caliper harness and the
C11A196 Right brake caliper fault
open-circuited/short-circuited fuse

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-102 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

The EPB ECU is damaged 2. Replace the EPB ECU
1. Fault in motor or actuator on 1. Replace the corresponding brake caliper
one side 2. Make the brake caliper reach the specified state
Left and right brake caliper
C11A277 2. The braking state in EPB ECU by operating the EPB switch
positions inconsistent
isnconsistent or unknown 3. The 3. Replace the EPB ECU
EPB ECU is damaged
1. There is unexpected power 1. Power on again, step on the brake pedal and
failure or storage problem press the EPB switch
Unknown status of brake
C11A300 2. Left/right brake caliper harness 2. Check the left/right brake caliper harness and
calipers on both sides
is open-circuited / short-circuited the fuse
3. The EPB ECU is damaged 3. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. Left/right brake caliper is 1. Check the left/right brake caliper power supply
EPB ECU brake caliper motor damaged or motor circuit
C11A401
drive axle error 2. The EPB ECU drive axle is 2. Replace the EPB ECU
faulty
1. Battery power supply voltage is 1. Check the voltage at both ends of the battery
too high 2. Check the voltage at both ends of the alternator
C111017 High EPB ECU voltage 2. The voltage at both ends of the 3. Replace the EPB ECU
alternator is too high
3. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. Battery power supply voltage is 1. Check the voltage at both ends of the battery
too low 2. Check the voltage at both ends of the alternator
2. The voltage at both ends of the 3. Check the EPB ECU insurance
alternator is too low
4. Check and repair the EPB ECU connector
3. Fuse is open-circuited (looseness or corrosion)
C111016 Low EPB ECU voltage
4. Check and repair the harness 5. Replace the EPB ECU
for connecting EPB ECU and the
power supply (looseness or
corrosion)
5. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. CAN communication circuit is 1. Check whether the bus voltage is normal
C117088 CAN bus offline fault faulty 2. Replace the EPB ECU
2. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. Assembly inspection is not 1. Do the assembly inspection again
C114076 Abnormal assembly inspection completed 2. Replace the EPB ECU
2. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. The EPB ECU is in the 1. Exit the maintenance mode through the
C116053 EPB ECU in maintenance mode maintenance mode diagnosis tester
2. The EPB ECU is damaged 2. Replace the EPB ECU
1. The EPB ECU is in the factory 1. Exit the factory mode through the diagnosis
C116060 EPB ECU in factory mode mode tester
2. The EPB ECU is damaged 2. Replace the EPB ECU
C116149 Internal failure of EPB ECU Internal failure of EPB ECU Replace the EPB ECU
1. There is open circuit/short 1. Check EPB switch connector and fuse
C113109 EPB control switch fault circuit in EPB control switch 2. Replace the EPB ECU
2. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. The EPB switch indicator lamp 1. Check the EPB switch indicator lamp connector
C113209 EPB switch indicator lamp fault has open circuit/short circuit 2. Replace the EPB ECU
2. The EPB ECU is damaged
1. Hardwire ignition input has 1. Check the hardwire ignition signal voltage/fuse
open circuit/short circuit 2. Check whether the BCM communication is
C118129 Abnormal IGN signal
2. The signal sent by the BCM is normal; if the brake control system does not work
abnormal normally, replace it.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-103 Rear brake

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

3. The EPB ECU is damaged 3. Replace the EPB ECU
1. The longitudinal acceleration 1. Re-calibrate the longitudinal acceleration sensor
Longitudinal acceleration sensor sensor is not calibrated yet
C117154 2. Check whether the SRS ECU communication is
not calibrated
2. SRS ECU is damaged normal. If it cannot work normally, replace it
1. Check whether the BCS connectors are
connected properly
1. BCS is damaged 2. Check whether the BCS communication is
U012987 Lost communication with BCS normal. If the BCS does not work normally, replace
2. BCS has communication failure it.
3. Check whether the vehicle speed signal related
sensor is normal
1. Check whether the BCS communication is
normal. If the BCS does not work normally, replace
U041881 Invalid data received from BCS The signal of BCS is abnormal it
2. Check whether the vehicle speed signal related
sensor is normal
1. Check whether the SRS ECU connector is
1. SRS ECU is damaged
Lost communication with SRS connected properly
U015187 2. SRS ECU has communication
ECU node 2. Check whether the SRS ECU communication is
failure
normal. If it cannot work normally, replace it
Invalid data received from SRS The signal from SRS ECU is Check whether the SRS ECU communication is
U045281
ECU node abnormal normal. If it does not work properly, replace it
1. Check whether the GWM connector is
1. GWM is damaged
connected properly
U014687 Lost communication with GWM 2. GWM has communication
2. Check whether the GWM communication is
failure
normal. If it cannot work normally, replace it.
Check whether the GWM communication is
U044781 Invalid data received from GWM The signal from GWM is abnormal normal.
If it does not work normally, replace it
1. Check whether the ECM connector is connected
1. ECM is damaged tightly
U010087 Lost communication with ECM
2. ECM has communication failure 2. Check whether the ECM communication is
normal. If it cannot work normally, replace it
Check whether the VCU communication is normal.
U040181 Invalid data received from ECM The signal from VCU is abnormal
If it does not work properly, replace it
1. Check whether the AT control module connector
1. AT control module is damaged is connected tightly
Lost communication with AT
U010187 2. AT control module has 2. Check whether the AT control module
TCU- AT node
communication failure communication is normal. If it cannot work
normally, replace it
Check whether the AT control module
Invalid data received from AT The signal from AT control module communication is normal.
U040281
control module is abnormal
If it does not work normally, replace it
1. Check whether the 7WDCT control module
1. 7WDCT control module is
connector is connected tightly
Lost communication with damaged
U010287 2. Check whether the 7WDCT control module
7WDCT control module 2. 7WDCT control module has
communication is normal. If it does not work
communication failure
properly, replace it
Check whether the 7WDCT control module
Invalid data received from The signal of 7WDCT control
U040381 communication is normal. If it does not work
7WDCT control module module is abnormal
properly, replace it

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-104 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.8.4.6 DTC: C111017, C111016
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C111017 High EPB ECU voltage
C111016 Low EPB ECU voltage
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-105 Rear brake

No The DTC may be triggered by an

intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the battery.

A Measure the battery voltage.

Standard voltage: 11~14 V
B Confirm whether the voltage is consistent with the
standard value.
No Charge the battery or check the charging
system.
Yes

Step 3 Check EPB ECU fuses EF50, EF21, IF21.

A Check whether the fuses EF50, EF21 and IF21 are

blown.
No Go to step 5.
Yes

Step 4 Overhaul fuse EF50, EF21, IF21 circuits.

A Check whether the fuse EF50, EF21 and IF21 circuits

have short circuit.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current.
The fuses EF50, EF21 and IF21 are rated at 40 A, 30 A
and 7.5 A respectively.
D Confirm whether the ESPI works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Check EPB ECU power supply circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-106 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
Battery power supply B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between the terminals 1, 3, 24 of
EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

Battery power supply IG1 On

Yes

Step 6 Check EPB ECU ground circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
Ground B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 16 and 18 of
EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and the body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 7 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.8.4.7 DTC: C118129
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C118129 Abnormal IGN signal

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-107 Rear brake
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check
No whether the same
The DTC DTC mayis be
displayed.
triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-108 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Step 2 Check the battery.

A Measure the battery voltage.

Standard voltage: 11~14 V
B Confirm whether the voltage is consistent with the
standard value.
No Charge the battery or check the charging
system.
Yes

Step 3 Check EPB ECU fuse IF21.

A Check whether the fuse IF21 is blown.

No Go to step 5.
Yes

Step 4 Overhaul fuse IF21 circuit.

A Check whether the fuse IF21 circuit has short circuit.

B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current. The fuse
IF21 is rated at 7.5 A
D Confirm whether the EPB ECU works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Check the EPB ECU IG1 power supply circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
Battery power supply
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminal 24 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and the body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14orV replace harness or overhaul
Repair
E Confirm whether
IG1the voltage
relay meets circuit.
and related the standard value.

Battery power supply IG1 On

Yes

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-109 Rear brake

Step 6 Check EPB ECU ground circuit.

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Ground B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 16 and 18 of
EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and the body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 7 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.8.4.8 DTC: C11A277, C11A300...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C11A277 Left and right brake caliper positions inconsistent
C11A300 Unknown status of brake calipers on both sides
C11A401 EPB ECU brake caliper motor drive axle error

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-110 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

Left rear EPB motor Right rear EPB motor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the left and right motor actuators.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-111 Rear brake

A Check whether the left and right motor actuators are

damaged or sticking.
Yes Repair or replace the left or right motor
actuator.
No

Step 3 Check whether the left and right EPB motor circuits are open-circuited.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
Left rear EPB motor +
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02
and right rear EPB motor harness connector FU05.
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 1 of left
rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 17
of EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 2 of left
rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
Left rear EPB motor -
F Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 4
of the EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 1 of
the right rear EPB motor harness connector FU05.
G Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 19
of the EPB ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 2 of
BD71 EPB ECU harness connector the right rear EPB motor harness connector FU05.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
Right rear EPB motor-
H Confirm whether the resistance is consistent with the
standard value.

Right rear EPB motor +

FD02 Left rear EPB motor harness connector No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.
Left rear EPB motor +

Left rear EPB motor -

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-112 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector

Right rear EPB motor +

Right rear EPB motor-

Yes

Step 4 Replace the left or right EPB motor.

A Replace the left or right EPB motor.

B After replacing the left or right EPB motor, verify if the
fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.9 DTC: C11A096
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C11A096 Left brake caliper fault
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-113 Rear brake

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

Left rear EPB motor Right rear EPB motor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the left rear brake lining.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-114 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the left rear brake lining is installed

correctly.
No Reinstall the left rear brake lining.
Yes

Step 3 Check the left rear brake assembly.

A Check whether the left rear brake assembly is installed

incorrectly or damaged.
Yes Reinstall the left rear brake assembly or
replace the left rear brake assembly.
No

Step 4 Check the circuit between the left rear EPB motor and the EPB ECU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
Left rear EPB motor + B Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the left
rear EPB motor harness connector FD02 and terminal 2 of
EPB control module harness connector BD71.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the left
rear EPB motor harness connector FD02 and terminal 17 of
EPB control module harness connector BD71.
Left rear EPB motor -
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

FD02 Left rear EPB motor harness connector

Left rear EPB motor +

No Repair or replace the harness.

Left rear EPB motor -

Yes

Step 5 Check whether the left rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the ground.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-115 Rear brake

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FD02 Left rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Left rear EPB motor + B Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of left rear
EPB motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of left rear
EPB motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
Left rear EPB motor - value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the left rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FD02 Left rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Left rear EPB motor + B Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of left rear EPB
motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of left rear EPB
motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
Left rear EPB motor - Standard
No voltage: 0 V or replace the harness.
Repair
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

Yes

Step 7 Replace the left rear EPB motor.

A Replace the left rear EPB motor.

B After replacing the left rear EPB motor, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 8 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-116 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes The system is working normally.

Next

Step 9 End.
1.8.4.10 DTC: C11A196
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C11A196 Right brake caliper fault
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

Left rear EPB motor Right rear EPB motor

2. Diagnostic procedure

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-117 Rear brake

Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

Yes

Step 2 Check the right rear brake lining.

A Check whether the right rear brake lining is properly

installed.
No Reinstall the right rear brake lining.
Yes

Step 3 Check the right rear brake assembly.

A Check whether the right rear brake assembly is installed

incorrectly or damaged.
Yes Reinstall the right rear brake assembly or
replace the right rear brake assembly.
No

Step 4 Check the circuit between the right rear EPB motor and the EPB ECU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
Right rear EPB motor + B Disconnect right rear EPB motor harness connector
FU05.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and terminal 4 of
the EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and terminal 19 of
the EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
Right rear EPB motor-
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-118 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector

Right rear EPB motor +

Right rear EPB motor-

Yes

Step 5 Check whether the right rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the ground.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Right rear EPB motor + B Disconnect right rear EPB motor harness connector
FU05.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and the body
ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and the body
ground.
Right rear EPB motor-
Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the right rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Right rear EPB motor + B Disconnect right rear EPB motor harness connector
FU05.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of the right rear
EPB motor harness connector FU05 and body ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of the right rear
Right rear EPB motor- EPB motor harness connector FU05 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 0 V or replace the harness.
Repair
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-119 Rear brake

Yes

Step 7 Replace the right rear EPB motor.

A Replace the right rear EPB motor.

B After replacing the right rear EPB motor, verify if the fault
is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 8 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 9 End.
1.8.4.11 DTC: C113109
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C113109 EPB control switch fault

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-120 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU BCM

EPB switch

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check
No whether the same
The DTC DTC mayis be
displayed.
triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the EPB switch.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-121 Rear brake

A Check whether the EPB switch is damaged, pressed by

heavy objects or stuck.
Yes Replace EPB switch or remove heavy
objects.
No

Step 3 Check the circuit between the EPB switch and the EPB ECU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
EPB switch signal 2 EPB switch signal 4 B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 1
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 6
of the EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 7
of the EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
F Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 9
EPB switch signal 1 EPB switch signal 3
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 27
of the EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
G Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 10
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 28
of the EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
BD71 EPB ECU harness connector Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
EPB switch signal 2 EPB switch signal 4 H Confirm whether the resistance is consistent with the
standard
No value. Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

EPB switch signal 1 EPB switch signal 3

Yes

Step 4 Check EPB switch ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-122 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
EPB switch signal 2 EPB switch signal 4 B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
C Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 4
of EPB switch harness connector CN05 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

EPB switch signal 1 EPB switch signal 3

Yes

Step 5 Replace the EPB switch.

A Replace the EPB switch.

B After replacing the EPB switch, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.8.4.12 DTC: C113209
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C113209 EPB switch indicator lamp fault

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-123 Rear brake

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU BCM

EPB switch

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check EPB switch power supply.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-124 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
Backlight
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminal 3 of EPB switch
harness connector CN05 and the body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

Yes

Step 3 Check the circuit between the EPB ECU and the BCM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
Backlight
C Disconnect BCM harness connector IP02.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 5 of the EPB
switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 21 of the
BCM harness connector IP02.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
E Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

IP02 BCM harness connector

Backlight power
output

Yes

Step 4 Check EPB switch ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-125 Rear brake

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector position.
B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
Ground C Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 4
of EPB switch harness connector CN05 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Replace the EPB switch.

A Replace the EPB switch.

B After replacing the EPB switch, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.8.4.13 DTC: C116149
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C116149 Internal failure of EPB ECU

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-126 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check
No whether the same
The DTC DTC mayis be
displayed.
triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check EPB ECU connector.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-127 Rear brake

A Check the EPB ECU connector for corrosion, looseness

or pin withdrawal.
Yes Repair or replace harness or connector.
No

Step 3 Check the power supply and ground circuits of the EPB ECU.

A Check whether the power supply and ground circuits of

the EPB ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 5 End.
1.8.4.14 DTC: C117154
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C117154 Longitudinal acceleration sensor not calibrated

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-128 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 1 Check the DTC status.

Step 2 Perform the longitudinal acceleration sensor calibration procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-129 Rear brake

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Perform the longitudinal acceleration sensor calibration
procedure according to the prompts on the diagnostic scan
tool screen.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Check the power supply and ground circuits of the EPB ECU.

A Check whether the power supply and ground circuits of

the EPB ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the SRS ECU.

A Replace the SRS ECU.

B After replacing the SRS ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.15 DTC: C117088
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C117088 CAN bus offline fault

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-130 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check
No whether the same
The DTC DTC mayis be
displayed.
triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN communication circuit of the EPB ECU.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-131 Rear brake

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 29
and terminal 30 of EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
Standard resistance: about 120 Ω
D Confirm whether the resistance is consistent with the
standard
No value. Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the EPB ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the EPB

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.16 DTC: U010087, U040181
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010087 Lost communication with ECM
U040181 Invalid data received from ECM

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-132 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

ECM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPB ECU and ECM.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-133 Rear brake

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect ECM harness connector FB46.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 30 of the EPB
ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 77 of the EPB
ECU harness connector FB46.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 29 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 78 of EPB ECU
harness connector FB46.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

FB46 ECM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the ECM.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ECM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the ECM.

A Replace the ECM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the ECM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

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Rear brake 1-134 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.17 DTC: U010287, U040381
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010287 Lost communication with 7WDCT control module
U040381 Invalid data received from 7WDCT control module
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

7WDCT TCU

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-135 Rear brake

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPB ECU and 7WDCT TCU.

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect 7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 30 of the EPB
ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 19 of the
7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 29 of the EPB
ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 20 of the
7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

EN55 7WDCT TCU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the 7WDCT TCU.

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Rear brake 1-136 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the

7WDCT TCU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the 7WDCT TCU.

A Replace the 7WDCT TCU.

B After replacing the 7WDCT TCU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.18 DTC: U012987, U041881
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U012987 Lost communication with BCS
U041881 Invalid data received from BCS
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-137 Rear brake

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

ESPI

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between the EPB ECU and the ESPI.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-138 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 30 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 13 of ESPI harness
connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 29 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 27 of ESPI harness
connector FB04.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

FB04 ESPI harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of ESPI.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of ESPI are

normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-139 Rear brake

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.19 DTC: U014687, U044781
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U014687 Lost communication with GWM
U044781 Invalid data received from GWM
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

GWM

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-140 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPB ECU and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 30 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 14 of GSM harness
connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 29 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 34 of GSM harness
connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the GWM.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-141 Rear brake

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the GWM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the GWM.

A Replace the GWM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the GWM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.20 DTC: U015187, U045281
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U015187 Lost communication with SRS ECU node
U045281 Invalid data received from SRS ECU node

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-142 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

SRS ECU

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPB ECU and SRS ECU.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-143 Rear brake

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect SRS ECU harness connector BD05.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 30 of the EPB
ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 12 of the SRS
ECU harness connector BD05.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 29 of the EPB
ECU harness connector BD71 and terminal 11 of the SRS
ECU harness connector BD05.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

BD05 SRS ECU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the SRS ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the SRS

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 4 Replace the SRS ECU.

A Replace the SRS ECU.

B After replacing the SRS ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-144 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.21 DTC: C116053, C116060
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C116053 EPB ECU in maintenance mode
C116060 EPB ECU in factory mode
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-145 Rear brake
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Perform the exit procedure of the EPB ECU.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Follow the prompts on the diagnostic scan tool screen to
execute the procedures of exiting maintenance mode and
exiting factory mode.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again. Check whether the same DTC is
displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the EPB ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the EPB

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 5 End.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-146 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.8.4.22 DTC: U010187, U040281
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010187 Lost communication with AT TCU- AT node
U040281 Invalid data received from AT control module

1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

8AT TCU

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-147 Rear brake

No The DTC may be triggered by an

intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPB ECU and 8AT TCU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
C Disconnect 8AT TCU harness connector EN37.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 30 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 11 of 8AT TCU
harness connector EN37.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 29 of EPB ECU
harness connector BD71 and terminal 3 of 8AT TCU
harness connector EN37.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

EN37 8AT TCU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the 8 AT TCU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the 8AT

TCU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the 8AT TCU.

A Replace the 8AT TCU.

B After replacing the 8AT TCU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-148 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes The system is working normally.

No

Step 5 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.8.4.23 DTC: C114076
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C114076 Abnormal assembly inspection
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-149 Rear brake

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

EPB ECU

See P-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the left and right motor actuators.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-150 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the left and right motor actuators are

damaged or sticking.
Yes Repair or replace the left or right motor
actuator.
Yes

Step 3 Perform EPB ECU assembly inspection procedures.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Follow the prompts on the diagnostic scan tool screen to
perform the EPB ECU assembly inspection procedure.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again. Check whether the same DTC is
displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 5 End.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-151 Rear brake
1.8.5 Special tool
1.8.5.1 List of special tools
S/N Pictorial Tool No. Name

Brake caliper piston reset

1 8910565BAC0000
tool

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-152 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.8.6 Removal and installation

1.8.6.1 Removal and installation of rear brake lining
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear brake lining, and the right rear brake lining may be
removed and installed by reference to left one.
1 Release EPB.
2 Connect the diagnostic scan tool and use the
"Replacement of brake pad" routine to reset the motor.
Refer to Diagnostic scan tool
3 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
4 Remove rear brake lining
a. Unscrew the fixing bolts of the rear brake caliper case as
arrowed.
b. Take out the rear brake caliper case ① and fix it with a
steel wire to avoid the brake hose being damaged due to
pressure.
Caution
When removing the rear brake caliper case, do not depress
the brake pedal as the piston may pop out.

c. Take out the rear brake lining ①.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-153 Rear brake

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Use brake caliper piston reset tool ① (8910565BAC0000)
to
reset the rear brake piston ②. .
Note:
Before using the brake caliper piston reset tool to press the
brake caliper piston into the cylinder, be sure to suck a
small amount of brake fluid from the brake fluid reservoir.
Otherwise, the brake fluid will spill due to the reset piston.

- When installing the rear brake caliper case, be sure to

straighten out the brake hose ① and check that the hose is
naturally bent.

-After installation, connect the diagnostic scan tool and use

the "Replacement of brake lining" routine. After completion,
exit the diagnostic scan tool.
- Each time the brake lining is replaced, the brake pedal
must be depressed hard repeatedly with the vehicle in
parked state to restore the brake pedal to its normal stroke.
- Check the brake fluid level after replacing the brake
linings.
- Check the hoses and pipe connectors for leaks and
tighten them if necessary.
Rear brake lining parameters
Thickness of brake lining Wear limit
10 mm (excluding
2 mm (excluding backplate)
backplate)

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-154 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.8.6.2 Removal and installation of rear motor-

integrated brake caliper assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear motor-integrated brake caliper assembly, and the right
rear motor-integrated brake caliper assembly can be
removed and installed by reference to the left one.
When removing the rear motor-integrated brake caliper
assembly, do not spill the brake fluid on the vehicle.
Otherwise, the paint may be damaged. If the brake fluid has
been spilled on the paint, it shall be cleaned immediately
with clean water.
Brake discs and brake linings shall be free of grease and
brake fluid.
1 Release EPB.
2 Connect the diagnostic scan tool and use the
"Replacement of brake pad" routine to reset the motor.
Refer to Diagnostic scan tool
3 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
4 Remove the rear motor-integrated brake caliper assembly
a. Disconnect the connector (arrow A).
b. Unscrew rear brake hose assembly ① fixing bolt (arrow
B) and take out the washer.
c. Disconnect the rear brake hose assembly ① and seal it.
d. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow C) and take out the rear
motor-integrated brake caliper assembly ②.
·Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 27±3 N ·m
Caution
When removing the rear brake caliper case, do not depress
the brake pedal as the piston may pop out.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-155 Rear brake

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- When installing the rear motor-integrated brake caliper
assembly, be sure to straighten out the brake hose, and
check that the hose is naturally bent.

- After the installation, connect the diagnostic scan tool and

use the “Initialization” routine. After completion, exit the
diagnostic scan tool.
-fter installing the brake caliper case, add brake fluid. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
- After installing the brake caliper case, bleed the brake
system. Refer to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
- Check the hoses and pipe connectors for leaks and
tighten them if necessary.

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-156 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.8.6.3 Removal and installation of rear brake caliper

bracket
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear brake caliper bracket, and the right rear brake caliper
bracket can be removed and installed by reference to the
left one.
1 Remove the left rear brake lining. Refer to 1.8.6.1
Removal and installation of rear brake lining
2 Remove the rear brake caliper bracket
a. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and take out the rear
brake caliper bracket ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 110±11 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- When installing the rear brake caliper, be sure to
straighten out the brake hose ① and check that the hose is
naturally bent.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-157 Rear brake

1.8.6.4 Removal and installation of rear brake disc

Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear brake disc, and the right rear brake disc can be
removed and installed by reference to the left one.
1 Remove the left rear caliper bracket. Refer to 1.8.6.3
Removal and installation of rear brake caliper bracket
2 Remove rear brake disc
a. Unscrew the locating screws of the rear brake disc as
arrowed, and take out the rear brake disc ①.
• Tightening torque of screw: 7±1 N ·m
Installation procedure

The installation procedure is in reverse of removal

procedure, and the following points apply:
- For installation of brake disc, no grease or oil shall stick to
the brake disc.
-Check the wear pattern of the brake disc and replace the
brake disc if necessary.
Rear brake disc parameters
Rear brake disc thickness Wear limit
10mm 9mm

GAC Motor 2023

Rear brake 1-158 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.8.6.5 Removal and installation of rear brake hose

assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
rear brake hose assembly, and the right rear brake hose
assembly can be removed and installed by reference to the
left one.
Brake fluid is toxic and corrosive. Before removing the
brake hose, place a shop towel directly under the pipe
connector.
1 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of left rear wheel assembly
2 Remove the rear brake hose assembly
a. Unscrew rear brake hose assembly ② fixing bolt (arrow
B), and take out the washer.
b. Unscrew the fixing nut (arrow A) between the brake tube
and the rear brake hose assembly ②. c. Remove the lock
plate ① and take out the rear brake hose assembly ②.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 17±2 N ·m
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow B): 27±3 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- During installation, fix one end of the hose connected to
the brake caliper first, then straighten out the brake hose
①, and check that the hose is naturally bent.
- Then fix the other end of the hose.
- After installing the brake hose, add the brake fluid. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
- After installing the brake hose, be sure to drain the four
brake wheel cylinders. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-159 Hydraulic brake system
1.9 Hydraulic brake system
1.9.1 Specification
1.9.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Brake pedal assembly Hexagon flange nut M8 22±2
Brake master cylinder front chamber
Attached fastener 17±2
brake tube
Brake master cylinder rear chamber
Attached fastener 17±2
brake tube
Mechanical vacuum pump Screw M6 × 28 9±1

GAC Motor 2023

Hydraulic brake system 1-160 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.9.2 Description and operation
1.9.2.1 Description and operation
The hydraulic brake system includes the following components
-Brake pedal assembly: It receives, amplifies and transfers the input force of the brake system from the driver.
-Brake pedal push rod: It transfers the amplified input force of the brake pedal to the vacuum booster.
-Vacuum booster: The input force of the brake system is amplified by the brake pedal, transferred to the vacuum booster
via the brake pedal push rod, boosted by the vacuum booster and then applied to the hydraulic brake master cylinder.
Operating force applied to the brake pedal by the driver is reduced by the vacuum booster utilizing vacuum source.
- Vacuum hose: It is used to transmit the vacuum source required by the vacuum booster.
-Brake master cylinder reservoir: It is used to store the brake fluid to be supplied to the hydraulic brake system.
- Brake master cylinder: It converts the mechanical input force into the hydraulic output pressure which is distributed into
two hydraulic fluid lines from the master cylinder, so as to supply the brake fluid lines of diagonal wheels with fluid.
-Brake tube and brake hose: They transmit the brake fluid to make it flow through the components of the hydraulic brake
system.
-Brake wheel cylinder: It converts the hydraulic input pressure into the mechanical output force.
- Vacuum sensor: It is used to check the vacuum degree in the vacuum booster.
-Brake system fault indicator lamp: When the brake fluid level sensor detects that the brake fluid level is too low, the
instrument cluster will turn on the brake system fault indicator lamp.
System operation
The mechanical force from the brake pedal is converted into the fluid pressure by the master cylinder, regulated by the
hydraulic electronic control unit and transmitted via the brake tube and brake hose to the brake wheel cylinder, which
converts the fluid pressure into the mechanical force, thus enabling the brake lining to press the brake disc tightly so as
to brake the vehicle.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-161 Hydraulic brake system
1.9.3 Location of components
1.9.3.1 Location of components

Vacuum sensor

Vacuum brake hose

assembly

Vacuum booster and brake master

cylinder assembly

GAC Motor 2023

Hydraulic brake system 1-162 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.9.3.2 Location of components

Vacuum sensor
Vacuum brake hose
assembly

Vacuum booster and brake master

cylinder assembly

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-163 Hydraulic brake system
1.9.4 Exploded view
1.9.4.1 Exploded view

Brake pedal assembly

(6 in total)

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

GAC Motor 2023

Hydraulic brake system 1-164 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.9.5 Removal and installation

1.9.5.1 Removal and installation of brake fluid reservoir
Removal procedure
Caution
Brake fluid is toxic and corrosive. Do not make it come into
contact with the body paint.
When removing the brake master cylinder, place a rag
directly under the brake master cylinder to prevent the
brake fluid from falling on the vehicle.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Remove the battery. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Use an aspirator to suck the brake fluid out of the brake
fluid reservoir.
4 Remove the brake fluid reservoir
a. Disconnect brake fluid level sensor connector as
arrowed.

b. Unscrew the brake fluid reservoir ① fixing bolt (arrow A).

c. Remove the brake fluid reservoir ① in the direction of
arrow B.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-After the installation, add brake fluid to the standard level.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
- After the installation, bleed the brake system. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-165 Hydraulic brake system

1.9.5.2 Removal and installation of brake master

cylinder
Removal procedure
Caution
Brake fluid is toxic and corrosive. Do not make it come into
contact with the body paint.
When removing the brake master cylinder, place a rag
directly under the brake master cylinder to prevent the
brake fluid from falling on the vehicle.
1 Remove the battery assembly. Refer to Maintenance
Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
2 Remove the brake fluid reservoir. Refer to 1.9.5.1
Removal and installation of brake fluid reservoir
3 Remove brake master cylinder
a. Unscrew the front and rear chamber brake tube nuts
(arrow A).
b. Disconnect the front chamber brake tube ① from the rear
chamber brake tube ② (arrow B).
c. Disconnect the front chamber brake tube ① and the rear
chamber brake tube ② from the brake master cylinder.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow A): 17±2 N ·m

d. Unscrew the fixing nut-arrow-and remove the brake

master cylinder ①.
Caution
The nut is disposable and must be replaced with a new one
during re-installation.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- After the installation, add brake fluid. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
- After the installation, bleed the brake system. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
-Check the brake fluid level and add the brake fluid to the
standard level. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Hydraulic brake system 1-166 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.9.5.3 Removal and installation of vacuum brake hose

assembly (optional)
Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Remove the intake hose assembly. Refer to Maintenance
Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove vacuum brake hose assembly
a. Disconnect the vacuum brake hose assembly ① from the
vacuum booster assembly as arrowed.

b. Press the quick connector (arrow A) to disconnect the

vacuum brake hose assembly ① from the intake manifold.
c. Press the quick connector (arrow B) to disconnect the
vacuum brake hose assembly ① from the mechanical
vacuum pump.
d. Disconnect the vacuum brake hose assembly ① from the
clip (arrow C).
e. Take out the vacuum brake hose assembly ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.
1.9.5.4 Removal and installation of vacuum booster
Removal procedure
1 Remove the battery assembly. Refer to Maintenance
Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
2 Remove battery tray. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the brake master cylinder. Refer to 1.9.5.2
Removal and installation of brake master cylinder

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-167 Hydraulic brake system

4 Remove vacuum booster

a. Disconnect the vacuum brake hose assembly ① from the
vacuum booster as arrowed.

b. Press the left and right fixing clips as arrowed to

disconnect the push rod from the brake pedal.

c. Unscrew the fixing nut for connecting the brake pedal

assembly and the vacuum booster as arrowed, and take
out the vacuum booster ①.
• Tightening torque of nut: 22 ± 2 N ·m

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Hydraulic brake system 1-168 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-After installation, check the free travel of the brake pedal.
Refer to Maintenance Manual-Maintenance
- After the installation, add brake fluid. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
-After the installation, bleed the brake system. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Maintenance
1.9.5.5 Removal and installation of brake pedal
assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the brake lamp switch. Refer to 1.9.5.6 Removal
and installation of brake lamp switch
2 Remove the brake pedal assembly
a. Press the left and right fixing clips as arrowed to
disconnect the push rod from the brake pedal.

b. Disconnect the connector (arrow A). c. Undo the harness

fixing clip (arrow B).
d. Unscrew the fixing nut (arrow C) of the brake pedal
assembly ①.
e. Remove the brake pedal assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow C): 22±2 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-After installation, check the free travel of the brake pedal.
Refer to Maintenance Manual-Maintenance

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-169 Hydraulic brake system

1.9.5.6 Removal and installation of brake lamp switch

Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the brake lamp switch
a. Disconnect brake lamp switch connector as arrowed.

b. Rotate the brake lamp switch ① as arrowed and take out

the brake lamp switch ①.

c. Remove the brake lamp switch seat ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

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Hydraulic brake system 1-170 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.9.5.7 Removal and installation of vacuum sensor

Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J1 HEV Engine
3 Remove vacuum sensor
a. Disconnect the vacuum sensor connector as arrowed,
and remove the vacuum sensor ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.
1.9.5.8 Removal and installation of mechanical vacuum
pump

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-171 Hydraulic brake system

Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Remove the mechanical vacuum pump
a. Press the quick connector as arrowed to disconnect the
vacuum brake hose assembly from the intake manifold.

b. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and remove the

mechanical vacuum pump ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 9 ± 1 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Renew mechanical vacuum pump seal ring ①.

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Parking system 1-172 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.10 Parking system
1.10.1 Description and operation
1.10.1.1 Description and operation
EPB system overview
For the EPB system, the parking brake control motor directly controls the rear wheel brake calipers to achieve braking.
Main components of the EPB system include the EPB switch, the EPB ECU and the EPB motor.
The EPB switch is located on the switch panel assembly. The parking brake is locked when the EPB switch is pulled up,
and released when the brake pedal is depressed and the EPB switch is pressed downwards.
This vehicle is equipped with an independent EPB ECU or an EPB ECU integrated in ESPI. Its main function is to
receive the messages from the EPB switch and the CAN data bus. These messages are processed and analyzed to
control the EPB motor.
An EPB motor is respectively installed on the left and right brake calipers of the rear wheels. This motor serves as two
parts, i.e., the DC motor and the transmission and it is integrated with the rear brake calipers. The EPB motor works
when the parking brake is applied. There is no corresponding sensor inside the control motor to detect the clamping
force of the brake lining. The change in the motor current caused by the change in the load when the brake lining is
engaged helps measure the clamping force of the brake lining. The working condition of the DC motor is controlled by
the EPB ECU.
The EPB system can control the brake caliper to achieve braking. If the parking brake cannot be released, it is required
to remove the EPB motor, and rotate the brake caliper internal push rod with a special wrench to release the brake
caliper. After this operation, a special diagnostic scan tool is needed to reset the EPB calipers.
Advantages of EPB system
1 The parking brake is applied automatically after the HEV Engine is shut down.
2 There are differences in the strength of different drivers. The traditional parking brake delivers different effects in actual
braking application. The braking force of EPB is stable and will not vary due to different drivers. EPB substitutes the
traditional parking brake system and achieves braking through operation with a simple switch, which greatly improves the
comfort and safety of the vehicle.
3 Automatic functions such as HSA can be integrated. It occupies a small space, which facilitates the interior design of
the vehicle.
Overview of EPB switch operation:
The driver can apply or release parking brake by operating the EPB switch. HSA can be applied for driving on a slope.
When the accelerator pedal is depressed with the vehicle parked, the EPB will be automatically released, and the EPB
can be applied by pressing the P position button and released by shifting out of P gear, providing convenient driving
assistance for the driver.
Note:
If the vehicle continues to slide after the EPB is parked on a slope below 30% and then clamped, please step on the
brake pedal brake and drive the vehicle to a flat road to stop. It is recommended to go to the GAC Motor authorized store
for maintenance in time.
If the vehicle continues to slide after the EPB is applied again on a slope with a gradient less than 30%, please depress
the brake pedal and drive the vehicle to a flat road. Contact the GAC Motor authorized shop for inspection in time.
Application of static parking brake:
- When the vehicle is still, pull up the EPB switch or press the "P" position button. Then the EPB switch indicator lamp
and the EPB status indicator lamp in the instrument cluster come on, indicating that the EPB has been applied.
-When the gearshift lever is moved to the “P” position from other positions, the EPB will be applied automatically.
-When the vehicle is powered off, the EPB will be applied automatically.
Note:
The EPB can also be applied when the vehicle power switch is set to “OFF” position.
After the vehicle is parked steadily, EPB shall be applied first.
When EPB is applied, it is normal that running noise occur.
Be sure to apply the EPB during parking.
If the vehicle is coupled with a trailer or is to be parked on a steep slope (with a gradient more than 30%), if the vehicle
still slides after the EPB is applied again, please depress the brake pedal and drive the vehicle to a flat road.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-173 Parking system
After the EPB is applied, it can ensure that the vehicle does not slide on a slope with a gradient of 30% for 5 min. If
sliding occurs during this duration, the EPB will be applied again.
Release of static parking brake:
- With the vehicle power switch set to “ON” position and the transmission not in "P" position, depress the brake pedal and
press the EPB switch. Then the EPB switch indicator lamp and the indicator lamp in the instrument cluster go out,
indicating that the EPB has been released.
-With the vehicle power switch set to “ON” position, close the doors, fasten the seat belt, and set the gearshift lever from
the "P" position to another position. Then the EPB will be automatically released, and the indicator lamp in the instrument
cluster will go out, indicating that the EPB has been released.
-With the vehicle power switch set to “ON” position, close the doors, fasten the seat belt, set the gearshift lever to "D" or
"R" position, and depress the accelerator pedal. Then the EPB will be automatically released, and the indicator lamp in
the instrument cluster will go out, indicating that the EPB has been released.
Note:
If the EPB switch is pressed without depressing the brake pedal, the EPB will not be released, and the instrument cluster
will give a visible alarm together with an audible beep alarm.
When the EPB is released, the running noise will occur, which is normal.
When the battery is low, the system cannot release the EPB. If conditions permit, you can connect a jumper cable for
emergency start, and then release the EPB.
If the EPB has not been used for a long time, the system will perform automatic test, and operation noise will be heard at
this time.
Tthe function of towing via "OFF" position can be achieved if the driver presses and holds the EPB switch, and
simultaneously presses the HEV Engine START/STOP button to power off the vehicle.
Application of dynamic emergency braking:
-If the service brake fails while the vehicle is running, you can try to continuously pull up the EPB switch for emergency
braking.
Note:
If you pull up the EPB button when the vehicle is running, the instrument cluster will give an visible alarm together with an
audible beep alarm.
During the vehicle deceleration, release the EPB switch or step on the accelerator pedal to release the parking brake. If
the EPB switch is continuously pulled up until the vehicle stops, the parking brake remains engaged.
Do not use dynamic emergency braking unless necessary, as it is likely to cause traffic accidents. Moreover, the braking
distance is longer than that generated during braking by depressing the brake pedal, and the service life of the parking
brake system will be shortened.

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Parking system 1-174 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.10.2 Electrical schematic diagram
1.10.2.1 Electrical schematic block diagram
Non-independent EPB ECU

A- CAN system
circuit

P- CAN system
Left rear EPB motor circuit

To battery power
supply
Brake switch

To battery power
Right rear EPB motor supply
ESPI

Switch signal 1

Switch signal 2
EPB switch

Switch signal 3

Switch signal 4

EPB status indicator lamp

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-175 Parking system
Independent EPB ECU

Switch signal 1
To IG1

Switch signal 2

Switch signal 3

EPB switch
Switch signal 4

To battery power EPB status indicator

supply lamp
EPB ECU

Motor +

Left rear EPB

Motor + motor
To PCAN system

Motor +
Right rear EPB
motor
Motor +

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Parking system 1-176 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.10.3 Removal and installation

1.10.3.1 Removal and installation of EPB switch
Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the upper trim panel assembly of console. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
4 Remove EPB switch
a. Disconnect the fixing clip as arrowed and remove the
EPB switch ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-After the installation is completed, perform the EPB switch
function test.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-177 Parking system

1.10.3.2 Removal and installation of EPB motor

Removal procedure
Note:
This is the removing and installing methods of the left EPB
motor, and the right EPB motor may be removed and
installed by reference to left one.
1 Release EPB.
2 Turn off all electrical consumers and turn off the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button.
3 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
4 Remove the left rear wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
5 Remove the EPB motor
a. Disconnect the EPB motor connector (arrow A).
b. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow B) and take out the EPB
motor ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.
1.10.3.3 Removal and installation of EPB ECU (optional)
Removal procedure
Caution
The EPB ECU shall be removed and installed with care to
avoid impact and prevent moisture.
During removal and installation, do not touch the connector
pins with hands or forcibly disassemble the housing, for
fear of damaging the internal electrical components.
1 Remove the left and right A-pillar lower trim panels. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
2 Remove the left and right B-pillar lower trim panels. Refer
to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
3 Remove the front left and right seat assemblies. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
4 Remove the console body assembly. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC

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Parking system 1-178 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

5 Remove EPB ECU

a. Undo the fixing clip (arrow A) at the left front end of the
passenger compartment carpet assembly.
b. Undo the harness fixing clip (arrow B).
c. Lift one corner of the passenger compartment carpet
assembly ①.

d. Disconnect EPB ECU connector (arrow A).

e. Unscrew the fixing nut (arrow B), and take out the EPB
ECU ①.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow B): 45±5 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- After installation, check the functions of all components of
the EPB ECU. Refer to Diagnostic scan tool
- Perform matching or other function setting of the EPB
ECU. Refer to Diagnostic scan tool

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-179 ESP
1.11 ESP
1.11.1 Specification
1.11.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
In-line wheel speed sensor of front
wheel Hexagon socket head cap bolt and
conical spring washer assembly 8±2
In-line wheel speed sensor of rear M6×16
wheel
ESP ECU bracket Hexagon head bolt M6 × 30 10±2
Hexagon flange nut M6 Plain washer
ESP ECU to bracket 10±2
6×18×1.5
Brake master cylinder front chamber
brake tube
Attached fastener 17±2
Brake master cylinder rear chamber
brake tube
Left front brake tube
Attached fastener 17±2
Right front brake tube
Left rear brake tube 1
Attached fastener 17±2
Right rear brake tube 1
ESP ECU to bracket Attached fastener 8±2
A/C high- and low-pressure pipe Hexagon head bolt, spring washer and
8±2
assembly I [connected to HVAC] flat washer assembly M6 × 25
A/C high- and low-pressure pipe
Hexagon flange bolt M6 × 12 8±2
assembly I [to body]

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ESP 1-180 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.11.2 Description and operation
1.11.2.1 Description and operation
This model adopts the most advanced ESP, which integrates the anti-lock brake system (ABS), electronic stability
program (ESP), hill-start hold control (HHC), hydraulic brake assist (HBA), traction control system (TCS) and electronic
brake force distribution (EBD).
ABS
Overview
• Anti-lock Brake System, abbreviated to ABS, is an active safety device.
• When the vehicle is braking, if the front wheels are locked, the vehicle will be unable to make a turn. In this case,
steering maneuvers necessary for the driver to avoid obstacles and pedestrians during braking and for driving on
curves cannot be achieved. If the rear wheels are locked, the braking stability of the vehicle will be deteriorated,
and the vehicle will drift or even turn around under the influence of small lateral force (such as lateral wind force). In
addition, when the wheels are locked, local severe friction of tire will significantly shorten the tire life.
• For ABS installed on the vehicle, an electronic control unit is added to the original brake system of the vehicle. Its
function is to automatically adjust the wheel braking force and prevent the wheels from being locked during braking,
so as to obtain the best braking performance and greatly improve the driving safety.
Advantages of ABS
• Give full play to the brake efficiency and shorten the braking time and distance.
• Effectively prevent vehicle sideslip and drift during emergency braking, delivering good driving stability.
• Achieve steering during emergency braking, delivering good steering control.
• Avoid severe friction between tires and the ground, reducing the wear of tires.
ABS is composed of anti-lock electronic control system and ordinary brake system. The anti-lock electronic control
system consists of the sensor, the control unit and the actuator, as shown in the figure:

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-181 ESP

Brake master cylinder

Wheel speed
Wheel speed sensor
sensor
Wheel speed Wheel speed
sensor signal sensor signal

ABS modulator control device

Solenoid valve
Buffer chamber control

Pump Pump

Control device
Motor

Modulator

Wheel speed
sensor signal
Solenoid valve
control
Reservoir Reservoir

Wheel speed
sensor Wheel speed
sensor signal Wheel speed
sensor

NO: Normally on
NC: Normally closed

The ABS ECU measures the wheel speed through the wheel speed sensor, and monitors whether the wheels are locked
during braking. Under general braking, the force applied by the driver to the brake pedal is small; as a result, the wheels
are not locked, the ECU has no control signal output, and ABS does not act. During emergency braking or braking with
wheels sliding on the ground, the slip rate of each wheel is too high and the wheels are locked. At this time, the ABS
ECU gives a control signal, instructs the actuator to act and adjusts the braking force of the brake to prevent the wheels
from being locked.
Self-diagnosis
The ABS ECU has self-diagnosis and fail-safe protection functions. When the HEV Engine START/STOP button is set to
ONposition, ABS performs self-test. If ABS does not run normally, the fault indicator lamp will stay on. In this case, stop
theABS, restore normal braking, store relevant DTC in the fault memory and remind the driver to overhaul the ABS in
time.
The DTC can be read through the diagnostic scan tool.
General description
• The ABS is distributed diagonally, and the vacuum booster generates braking force boost pneumatically.
• As the vehicle equipped with ABS is not fitted with a mechanical braking force regulator, the ABS ECU is
responsible for the distribution of braking force.
• ABS failure will not affect the conventional brake system, which still works normally. But the braking characteristics
have changed.
• After the ABS indicator lamp comes on, the rear wheels may be locked in advance during braking.

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ESP 1-182 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
Electronic stability program (ESP)
ESP is a new active safety system for vehicle, which is a further expansion of functions of ABS and TCS. On this basis,
the yaw rate sensor, steering angle sensor, etc. for steering are added. ESP controls the driving force and braking force
of all wheels through the ECU to ensure the lateral stability of the vehicle.
ESP is composed of the sensor, ESPI and actuator, which monitors the running status of the vehicle through the ECU
and intervenes in control of the vehicle's HEV Engine and brake system. A typical ESP mainly includes 4 wheel speed
sensors,steering angle sensor and yaw velocity sensor in terms of sensors, traditional brake system (vacuum booster,
pipelineand brake) and hydraulic governor in terms of executable section. The electronic control unit is linked with the
HEV Enginemanagement system to intervene in and adjust the HEV Engine power output.
The system mainly controls the longitudinal and transverse stability of the vehicle to ensure that the vehicle travels in
accordance with the driver's consciousness. The ESP is based on the anti-lock braking function of ABS. When the tires
are about to be locked under braking, the ESP will continuously brake hundreds of times in one second, which is
somewhat similar to the mechanical “snub”. In this way, when the vehicle is fully braked, the tires can still keep rolling,
the effect of rolling friction is better than that of sliding friction after locking, and the traveling direction of the vehicle can
be controlled. On the other hand, the ESP works together with the HEV Engine ECU. When the driving wheel slips, the
ESPdetermines if the driving wheel slips by comparing the speeds of wheels, reduces the intake capacity of
throttleimmediately and automatically, and decreases the HEV Engine speed to reduce power output and brake the
drivingwheelslipping. In this way, it is possible to reduce wheel slipping and maintain the power output most suitable
for the groundgrip between the tire and the ground. In this case, the driving wheels do not slip no matter how fuel is
supplied.
The ESP ensures the lateral stability of the vehicle as follows: when finding understeer or oversteer through signals from
the yaw rate sensor, steering angle sensor and wheel speed sensor, the ESP controls single or multiple wheels for
braking to adjust the body posture of the vehicle during lane changes or cornering, so that the vehicle can be more stable
and safe during lane changes or cornering.
During driving, the wheel speed sensor continuously sends the speed signal of each wheel and provides information
such as vehicle speed and throttle opening for the ECU. The steering angle sensor provides information on the driver's
turning direction and angle; The yaw velocity sensor provides the vehicle’s inclination and roll velocity information. After
receiving the signal, the ESP ECU judges the driving safety of the vehicle and the control intention of the driver, then
gives a command to adjust the HEV Engine speed and wheel braking force, corrects oversteer and understeer and
meanwhilereminds the driver to correct the vehicle's steering state in real time by flashing the ESP indicator lamp so as to
avoid drift,oversteer, understeer and wheel lock, greatly improving the driving safety and stability of the vehicle.
Features of ESP
• Real-time driving status monitoring:
The ESP can monitor the driver's control actions, road status and vehicle’s moving status in real time and constantly
adjust the HEV Engine system and brake system.
• Active safety control:
Safety technologies such as ABS are mainly used to intervene in the actions of the driver and correct the driving safety,
but cannot regulate the HEV Engine. The ESP can actively regulate the HEV Engine torque according to the driving state
and adjustthe driving force and braking force of each wheel to correct the oversteer and understeer of the vehicle.
• Prior WARNING reminder:
The ESP is a kind of traction control system. Compared with other traction control systems, the ESP can control not only
the driving wheel but also the driven wheel. When the driver operates improperly or the road is abnormal, the ESP will
turn on a warning lamp in advance to remind the driver to correct driving errors in time to prevent problems before they
happen. For example, when the vehicle with rear-wheel drive incurs oversteer, the rear wheels will lose control and drift,
and the ESP will brake the front wheels on the outer side of curve to stabilize the vehicle. In case of understeer, the ESP
will brake the rear wheels on the inner side of curve to correct the traveling direction of the vehicle.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-183 ESP

When the vehicle is in understeer, the ESP will order the rear brake on the inner side of the curve to brake and intervene
in the HEV Engine and transmission management system at the same time to prevent the vehicle from driving out of the
curve.

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ESP 1-184 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

When the vehicle is in oversteer, the ESP will order the front brake on the outer side of the curve to brake, and intervene
in the HEV Engine and transmission management system at the same time to prevent the vehicle from drift.
Hill hold control (HHC)
Overview
• The HHC is an active safety system from software function extension on the basis of ESP, which is mainly used to
help the driver to pull away successfully on a steep slope. When the vehicle is stationary, the HHC detects whether
the vehicle is on a slope through the longitudinal acceleration sensor. Subsequently, when the vehicle goes up the
slope from the stationary state (through forward traveling or reversing), the HHC will be activated automatically. At
starting, when the driver releases the brake pedal, the HHC will maintain the previous brake pressure to ensure that
the vehicle still stops, and gradually reduce the brake pressure with the increase of driving torque to realize the
effect that the vehicle does not slide in the opposite direction without parking braking. which greatly improves the
vehicle starting on a slope, frequent stops, starting, parking, etc.
• At starting on a slope, the HHC prevents the vehicle from sliding backwards in the interval between the driver
releasing the brake pedal and depressing the accelerator pedal, thus improving the safety and reliability of the
vehicle during starting on a slope.
Working conditions
• The gearshift lever is in a position other than “P”.
• The accelerator pedal is not depressed.
• The vehicle is stationary.
• The parking brake is not pulled up.
• On the premise of meeting the above basic conditions, if the driver depresses the brake pedal with the vehicle
stopped, the HHC is activated.
Hill Descent Control (HDC)
The Hill Descent Control (HDC) is a subsystem of ESP. If the driver does not depress the brake pedal while going
downhill, HDC helps the driver to decelerate while going downhill via the ESP actively applying braking force.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-185 ESP
Hydraulic Brake Assist (HBA)
Hydraulic Brake Assist (HBA) is capable of assisting a driver in braking a vehicle under an emergent condition. It
determines whether it is necessary to carry out full braking based on the speed at which the driver depresses the brake
pedal. As long as the driver depresses the pedal to the floor all the time, the HBA will automatically increase the braking
force to the threshold at which the ABS activates. If the driver releases the brake pedal, the HBA will reduce the braking
force to the specified value.
Traction Control System (TCS)
TCS refers to traction control system. It determines if the driving wheel slips based on the speed of the driving wheel and
the drive wheel, and if the former exceeds the latter, it will limit the speed of the driving wheel. When the vehicle brakes
on a smooth road, the wheels will slip, even making the direction out of control. Likewise, when the vehicle starts or
accelerates rapidly, the driving wheel may also slip, and the direction may be out of control on a smooth road covered
with ice, snow, etc. The TCS is used to automatically control the driving force during vehicle acceleration, so as to keep
the slippage of tires within a reasonable range and maintain the driving stability of the vehicle.
Hydraulic boost failure compensation (HBC)
When the vacuum booster fails, the HBC can compensate for the temporary low vacuum pressure caused by the
vacuum failure and increase the brake pressure. At the same time, an alarm message will be displayed on the instrument
cluster. In this case, please have the vehicle inspected as soon as possible.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-186 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.11.3 Location of components
1.11.3.1 Location of components

In-line wheel speed

sensor

In-line wheel speed

sensor

In-line wheel speed

sensor

ESPI

In-line wheel speed

sensor

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-187 ESP
1.11.4 Electrical schematic diagram
1.11.4.1 Electrical schematic block diagram

A- CAN system
PEPS ECU circuit

Left front wheel

speed sensor P- CAN system
circuit

Right front wheel

speed sensor

Left rear wheel

speed sensor To battery power
supply
Brake switch

Right rear wheel

To battery power
speed sensor supply
ESPI

Left rear EPB motor

Switch signal 1

Switch signal 2

Right rear EPB

EPB switch

motor Switch signal 3

Switch signal 4

EPB status indicator lamp

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-188 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.11.5 Diagnostic information and procedure

1.11.5.1 Diagnostic instructions
The diagnostic scan tool may be used to read the switch and sensor values by reading the DTC via the OBD DLC of the
vehicle and comparison of the data table provided by BCS with the data table displayed on the diagnostic scan tool
without removing any part. Reading the data table can be used to quickly locate a fault, and it is one of the ways to
shorten the diagnosis time.
1.11.5.2 Visual inspection
• Verify the symptom.
No symptom present during troubleshooting is the most difficult case in which the fault described by the user must be
analyzed thoroughly. And then simulate the identical or similar condition under which the symptom occurred on the
customer’s vehicle. No matter how skillful the service personnel are or how rich their experience is, they would ignore
some important things in their repair work and make some wrong determination without confirmation of the fault symptom.
This will make troubleshooting impossible.
• Check the accessible or visible system components for obvious damage or conditions which may cause faults.
• The connectors and the support points of vibration are the main locations which must be checked thoroughly. The
vibration method is recommended in case of fault due to vibration.
a Gently vibrate the suspected sensor part with fingers to check it for fault.
b Gently shake the connector in the vertical and horizontal directions.
c Gently shake the harness in the vertical and horizontal directions.
1.11.5.3 ECU terminal
ESPI harness connector (FB04)

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Wire Reference value

Terminal No. Terminal definition Condition
diameter/color (approx.)
1 4.0/Black Ground 1 － 0V
The HEV Engine
2 4.0/Red Battery power supply 1 START/STOP button is Battery voltage
set to any position
3 4.0/Black Ground 2 － 0V
The HEV Engine
4 4.0/Red Battery power supply 2 START/STOP button is Battery voltage
set to any position
5 2.5/red Left rear EPB motor + － －
6 2.5/black Left rear EPB motor- － －
7 0.35/white ACAN-H － －
11 0.5/gray Left front wheel speed sensor- － －
13 0.35/blue PCAN-H － －
15 2.5/black Right rear EPB motor- － －
16 2.5/red Right rear EPB motor + － －

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-189 ESP

Wire Reference value

Terminal No. Terminal definition Condition
diameter/color (approx.)
20 0.5/gray Right front wheel speed sensor- － －
21 0.35/gray ACAN-L － －
22 0.5/white Left front wheel speed sensor + － －
23 0.5/blue Left rear wheel speed sensor- － －
24 0.5/yellow Right rear wheel speed sensor + － －
25 0.5/white Right front wheel speed sensor + － －
27 0.35/brown PCAN-L － －
28 0.35/purple EPB indicator lamp － －
30 0.35/brown EPB switch signal 4 － －
31 0.35/white EPB switch signal 3 － －
38 0.5/yellow Left rear wheel speed sensor + － －
39 0.35/green Brake switch NO signal － －
40 0.5/blue Right rear wheel speed sensor- － －
41 0.35/gray IG1 On － －
43 0.35/green Vehicle speed signal － －
45 0.35/pink EPB switch signal 2 － －
46 0.35/orange EPB switch signal 1 － －
1.11.5.4 Data list
Diagnostic Range
display/measurement Sub-data name Unit
item Min. Max.

Left front wheel speed 0 240 km/h

Right front wheel
0 240 km/h
speed
Wheel speed and
Left rear wheel speed 0 240 km/h
vehicle speed
Right rear wheel
0 240 km/h
speed
Vehicle speed 0 240 km/h
ECU power supply ECU power supply
0 20.4 V
voltage voltage
Steering wheel angle -780 779.9 °
Lateral acceleration -21.593 21.593 m/s²
Sensor value (only for Longitudinal
-21.593 21.593 m/s²
models with ESP) acceleration
Yaw rate -2.094 2.094 rad/s
Sensor pressure 42.5 425 bar
Left motor voltage -20 20 V
Right motor voltage -20 20 V
Left motor current -100 100 A
EPB actuator status
Right motor current -100 100 A
Left clamping force 0 50 KN
Right clamping force 0 50 KN

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-190 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Left actuator (brake

-63 1300 °C
disc) temperature
Right actuator (brake
-63 1300 °C
disc) temperature
Number of failures 0 65535 -
Extended frame data Aging counter 0 65535 -
Aged counter 0 255 -
Mileage covered since
- 0 1000 km
the last stop
EPB filtered inclination
- 0 35 °
angle
Valve relay voltage 0 20.4 V
Analog data
Ignition cycle counter 0 65535 -
ECU power supply
- 0 20.4 V
voltage
Left brake caliper
-20 20 V
Brake caliper motor motor voltage
voltage Right brake caliper
-20 20 V
motor voltage
Left front wheel speed 0 240 km/h
Right front wheel
0 240 km/h
Wheel speed and speed
vehicle speed Left rear wheel speed 0 240 km/h
Right rear wheel speed 0 240 km/h
Vehicle speed 0 240 km/h
Steering wheel angle -780 779.9 °
Lateral acceleration -21.593 21.593 m/s²
Longitudinal
Sensor value -21.593 21.593 m/s²
acceleration
Yaw rate -2.094 2.094 rad/s
Pressure sensor -42.5 425 bar
Left front brake pad
-63 1300 °C
temperature
Right front brake pad
-63 1300 °C
temperature
Brake pad temperature
Left rear brake pad
-63 1300 °C
temperature
Right rear brake pad
-63 1300 °C
temperature
Target parking force - 0 50 KN
Left parking force 0 50 KN
Parking force
Right parking force 0 50 KN
Left motor current -100 100 A
Motor current
Right motor current -100 100 A
Left motor resistance 0 3 Ω
Motor resistance
Right motor resistance 0 3 Ω
Speed calculated by
- 0 240 km/h
EPB
Dynamic target braked
- -20 20 m/s
deceleration
EPB calculated left
EPB calculated rear
rear brake pad -63 650 °C
brake disc temperature
temperature

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-191 ESP

EPB calculated right

rear brake pad -63 650 °C
temperature
Left rear brake caliper
0 4294967294 -
Reading rear brake action times
caliper action times Right rear brake
0 4294967294 -
caliper action times
1.11.5.5 List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs)
DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
1. System overheat protection
C000149 Solenoid valve fault and thenread the DTC again
2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
1. System overheat protection
C000249 Solenoid valve fault and thenread the DTC again
2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
1. System overheat protection
C000349 Solenoid valve fault and thenread the DTC again
2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
1. System overheat protection
C000449 Solenoid valve fault and thenread the DTC again
2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Left front fluid inlet 1. System overheat protection
C001049 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Left front fluid outlet 1. System overheat protection
C001149 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Right front fluid inlet 1. System overheat protection
C001449 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Right front fluid outlet 1. System overheat protection
C001549 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Left rear fluid inlet 1. System overheat protection
C001849 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Left rear fluid outlet 1. System overheat protection
C001949 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Right rear fluid inlet 1. System overheat protection
C001C49 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC
Right rear fluid outlet 1. System overheat protection
C001D49 and thenread the DTC again
solenoid valve fault 2. ESP ECU is damaged.
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake line
1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the DTC and
thenread the DTC again
2. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power supply
1. System overheat protection voltage of pump motor
2. Poor power supply of pump 3. Measure the voltage drop between the pump motor
motor (low power supply power supply pin of the ESP connector and the positive
voltage, damaged fuse or poor electrode of the battery with a 21W test lamp (standard
C002049 Motor fault contact) value less than 0.2V)
3. The pump motor is poorly 4. Measure the voltage drop between the pump motor
grounded ground pin of the ESP connector and the body ground
4. The pump motor is with a 21W test lamp (standard value less than 0.2V)
damaged 5. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for dynamic self-
test of the ESP
6. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the dynamic self-
test, replace the ESP assembly, and bleed the brake line

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-192 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power supply
voltage of valve relay
2. Measure the voltage drop between the power supply
pin of the ESP connector valve relay and the positive
1. Poor power supply of electrode of the battery with a 21W test lamp (standard
solenoid valve (low power value less than 0.2V)
Motor or relay open- supply voltage, damaged fuse 3. Measure the voltage drop between the ESP ECU
C002072 or poor contact) 2. ESP ECU
circuited ground pin of the ESP connector and the body ground
is poorly grounded point with a 21W test lamp (standard value less than
3. ESP ECU is damaged. 0.2V)
4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for dynamic
self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the dynamic self-
test, replace the ESP assembly, and bleed the brake line
1. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness is
bent
2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel speed
sensor circuit are loose or broken
1. Bent harness, and loose or 3. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness is
broken connector of wheel shorted to power supply or ground
speed sensor
4. Check whether the wheel speed sensor is properly
2. The wheel speed sensor fixed
signal line is shorted to power
5. Read the data stream of the wheel speed sensor using
supply
the diagnostic scan tool, and record whether the
3. The wheel speed sensor displayed wheel speeds and accelerations of wheels are
power line is shorted to ground consistent and whether the displayed speed is accurate
4. Neglected installation, tooth when the vehicle is running
missing, dirt, demagnetization 6. If the displayed wheel speeds are inconsistent, check
and eccentricity of ring gear the signal gear ring of the corresponding wheel speed
Left front wheel speed
5. The air gap between the sensor for missing teeth, dirt, foreign matter,
C003129 sensor circuit fault -
sensor and the ring gear is too demagnetization and eccentricity
signal error
large 7. After any maintenance to the wheel speed sensor,
6. Wheel speed sensor accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for dynamic self-
disturbed by external magnetic test of the ESP
field (for example, when the 8. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the dynamic self-
wheel or axle is not test, replace the wheel speed sensor
demagnetized)
Precautions
7. Wheel speed sensor body
1. For the fault of the wheel speed sensor signal, after the
fault
fault is eliminated, the vehicle must be started and
8. Incorrect quantity of teeth in accelerated to about 60 km/h, and the ABS or ESP
the ring gear warning lamp can be turned off
9. Unsatisfactory tire size 2. Do not measure the power supply voltage from the
wheel speed sensor to the ECU, the ECU will stop supply
power as long as there is an open circuit in the wheel
speed sensor circuit, and the power supply will not be
restored until the next ignition self-test

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-193 ESP

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open

circuit and short circuit
1. TBroken harness, and loose 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
or broken connector of wheel speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
speed sensor 2. The signal line
Left front wheel speed sensor and power line of wheel speed 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003149
circuit fault - other wiring faults sensor are reversely connected the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
3. The signal line is shorted to 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
ground dynamic self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Left front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003113
circuit fault - open circuit line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power
supply voltage of valve relay
2. Measure the voltage drop between the power
supply pin of the ESP connector valve relay and
1. Broken harness, and loose
the positive electrode of the battery with a 21W test
or broken connector of wheel
lamp (standard value less than 0.2V)
speed sensor
3. Measure the voltage drop between the ESP
Left front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power
C003111 ECU ground pin of the ESP connector and the
circuit fault - shorted to ground line of wheel speed sensor are
body ground point with a 21W test lamp (standard
reversely connected
value less than 0.2V)
3. The signal line is shorted to
4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
ground
dynamic self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the ESP assembly, and
bleed the brake line
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Left front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003112
circuit fault - shorted to battery line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-194 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness
is bent
2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
1. Bent harness, and loose or 3. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness
broken connector of wheel is shorted to power supply or ground
speed sensor 4. Check whether the wheel speed sensor is
2. The wheel speed sensor properly fixed
signal line is shorted to power 5. Read the data stream of the wheel speed sensor
supply using the diagnostic scan tool, and record whether
3. The wheel speed sensor the displayed wheel speeds and accelerations of
power line is shorted to ground wheels are consistent and whether the displayed
speed is accurate when the vehicle is running
4. Neglected installation, tooth
missing, dirt, demagnetization 6. If the displayed wheel speeds are inconsistent,
and eccentricity of ring gear check the signal gear ring of the corresponding
wheel speed sensor for missing teeth, dirt, foreign
Right front wheel speed sensor 5. The air gap between the
C003429 matter, demagnetization and eccentricity
circuit fault - signal error sensor and the ring gear is too
large 7. After any maintenance to the wheel speed
sensor, accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
6. Wheel speed sensor
dynamic self-test of the ESP
disturbed by external magnetic
field (for example, when the 8. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
wheel or axle is not dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
demagnetized) Precautions
7. Wheel speed sensor body 1. For the fault of the wheel speed sensor signal,
fault after the fault is eliminated, the vehicle must be
8. Incorrect quantity of teeth in started and accelerated to about 60km/h, and the
the ring gear ABS or ESP warning lamp can be turned off
9. Unsatisfactory tire size 2. Do not measure the power supply voltage from
the wheel speed sensor to the ECU, the ECU will
stop supply power as long as there is an open
circuit in the wheel speed sensor circuit, and the
power supply will not be restored until the next
ignition self-test
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Right front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003449
circuit fault - other wiring faults line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Rght front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003413
circuit fault - open circuit line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-195 ESP

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power
supply voltage of valve relay
2. Measure the voltage drop between the power
supply pin of the ESP connector valve relay and
1. Broken harness, and loose
the positive electrode of the battery with a 21W test
or broken connector of wheel
lamp (standard value less than 0.2V)
speed sensor
3. Measure the voltage drop between the ESP
Right front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power
C003411 ECU ground pin of the ESP connector and the
circuit fault - shorted to ground line of wheel speed sensor are
body ground point with a 21W test lamp (standard
reversely connected
value less than 0.2V)
3. The signal line is shorted to
4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
ground
dynamic self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the ESP assembly, and
bleed the brake line
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Right front wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003412
circuit fault - shorted to battery line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness
is bent
2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
3. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness
1. Bent harness, and loose or is shorted to power supply or ground
broken connector of wheel
4. Check whether the wheel speed sensor is
speed sensor 2. The wheel
speed sensor signal line is properly fixed
shorted to power supply. 5. Read the data stream of the wheel speed sensor
using the diagnostic scan tool, and record whether
3. The wheel speed sensor
the displayed wheel speeds and accelerations of
power line is shorted to ground
wheels are consistent and whether the displayed
4. Neglected installation, tooth speed is accurate when the vehicle is running
missing, dirt, demagnetization
6. If the displayed wheel speeds are inconsistent,
and eccentricity of ring gear
check the signal gear ring of the corresponding
5. The air gap between the wheel speed sensor for missing teeth, dirt, foreign
Left rear wheel speed sensor sensor and the ring gear is too
C003729 matter, demagnetization and eccentricity
circuit fault - signal error large
7. After any maintenance to the wheel speed
6. Wheel speed sensor sensor, accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
disturbed by external magnetic dynamic self-test of the ESP
field (for example, when the
8. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
wheel or axle is not
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor
demagnetized)
7. Wheel speed sensor body Precautions
fault 1. For the fault of the wheel speed sensor signal,
after the fault is eliminated, the vehicle must be
8. Incorrect quantity of teeth in
started and accelerated to about 60 km/h, and the
the ring gear
ABS or ESP warning lamp can be turned off
9. Unsatisfactory tire size
2. Do not measure the power supply voltage from
the wheel speed sensor to the ECU, the ECU will
stop supply power as long as there is an open
circuit in the wheel speed sensor circuit, and the
power supply will not be restored until the next
ignition self-test

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-196 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Left rear wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003749
circuit fault - other wiring faults line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Left rear wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003713
circuit fault-open circuit line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power
supply voltage of valve relay
2. Measure the voltage drop between the power
1. Broken harness, and loose supply pin of the ESP connector valve relay and
or broken connector of wheel the positive electrode of the battery with a 21W test
speed sensor lamp (standard value less than 0.2V)
Left rear wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Measure the voltage drop between the ESP ECU
C003711
circuit fault - shorted to ground line of wheel speed sensor are ground pin of the ESP connector and the body
reversely connected ground point with a 21W test lamp (standard value
3. The signal line is shorted to less than 0.2V) 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over
ground 60 km/h for dynamic self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the ESP assembly, and
bleed the brake line
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Left rear wheel speed sensor
2. Wheel speed sensor signal 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003712 circuit fault-connected to
line and power line connected the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
battery
reversely 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP 5. If the fault cannot
ground be eliminated after the dynamic self-test, replace
the wheel speed sensor.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-197 ESP

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness
is bent
2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
1. Bent harness, and loose or 3. Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness
broken connector of wheel is shorted to power supply or ground
speed sensor 4. Check whether the wheel speed sensor is
2. The wheel speed sensor properly fixed
signal line is shorted to power 5. Read the data stream of the wheel speed sensor
supply using the diagnostic scan tool, and record whether
3. The wheel speed sensor the displayed wheel speeds and accelerations of
power line is shorted to ground wheels are consistent and whether the displayed
speed is accurate when the vehicle is running
4. Neglected installation, tooth
missing, dirt, demagnetization 6. If the displayed wheel speeds are inconsistent,
and eccentricity of ring gear check the signal gear ring of the corresponding
wheel speed sensor for missing teeth, dirt, foreign
Right rear wheel speed sensor 5. The air gap between the
C003A29 matter, demagnetization and eccentricity
circuit fault - signal error sensor and the ring gear is too
large 7. After any maintenance to the wheel speed
sensor, accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
6. Wheel speed sensor
dynamic self-test of the ESP
disturbed by external magnetic
field (for example, when the 8. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
wheel or axle is not dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
demagnetized) Precautions
7. Wheel speed sensor body 1. For the fault of the wheel speed sensor signal,
fault after the fault is eliminated, the vehicle must be
8. Incorrect quantity of teeth in started and accelerated to about 60km/h, and the
the ring gear ABS or ESP warning lamp can be turned off
9. Unsatisfactory tire size 2. Do not measure the power supply voltage from
the wheel speed sensor to the ECU, the ECU will
stop supply power as long as there is an open
circuit in the wheel speed sensor circuit, and the
power supply will not be restored until the next
ignition self-test
1. Broken harness, and loose 1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
or broken connector of wheel circuit and short circuit
speed sensor 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
2. The signal line and power speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Right rear wheel speed sensor line of wheel speed sensor are 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003A49 reversely connected
circuit fault - other wiring faults the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
3. The signal line is shorted to 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
ground dynamic self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-198 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
circuit and short circuit
1. TBroken harness, and loose 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
or broken connector of wheel speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
speed sensor 2. The signal line
Right rear wheel speed sensor 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003A13 and power line of wheel speed
circuit fault-open circuit the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
sensor are reversely
connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
dynamic self-test of the ESP
3. The signal line is shorted to
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power
supply voltage of valve relay
2. Measure the voltage drop between the power
supply pin of the ESP connector valve relay and
1. Broken harness, and loose
the positive electrode of the battery with a 21W test
or broken connector of wheel
lamp (standard value less than 0.2V)
speed sensor
3. Measure the voltage drop between the ESP ECU
Right rear wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power
C003A11 ground pin of the ESP connector and the body
circuit fault - shorted to ground line of wheel speed sensor are
ground point with a 21W test lamp (standard value
reversely connected
less than 0.2V)
3. The signal line is shorted to
4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
ground
dynamic self-test of the ESP
5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the ESP assembly, and
bleed the brake line
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
1. Broken harness, and loose circuit and short circuit
or broken connector of wheel 2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
speed sensor speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
Right rear wheel speed sensor 2. The signal line and power 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
C003A12
circuit fault - shorted to battery line of wheel speed sensor are the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
reversely connected 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
3. The signal line is shorted to dynamic self-test of the ESP
ground 5. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
dynamic self-test, replace the wheel speed sensor.
1. Check whether the brake lamp switch and its
circuit are normal
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake
line
3. Confirm that the BLS works normally. Start the
1. Brake lamp switch failure or HEV Engine again, depress the brake pedal, and
its circuit failure keepthe master cylinder pressure greater than
C004023 BLS fault
30bar formore than 1 s
2. Pressure sensor fault
4. Confirm that the BLS works normally. Start the
HEV Engine again, hold for more than 0.1 s;
release thebrake pedal, and hold for more than 0.1
s
5. Confirm that the BLS works normally. Start the
HEV Engine again, keep the vehicle stationary,
releasethe brake pedal and hold for at least 2s

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-199 ESP

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. Brake lamp switch failure or 1. Check whether the brake lamp switch and its
its circuit failure circuit are normal
C004429 Pressure sensor fault
2. Pressure sensor fault 2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake
line
1. Brake lamp switch failure or 1. Check whether the brake lamp switch and its
its circuit failure circuit are normal
C004449 Pressure sensor fault
2. Pressure sensor fault 2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake
line
1. The SAS is not calibrated 1. Cancel the calibration of the SAS and perform
correctly the calibration again
Steering angle sensor (SAS) 2. SAS circuit fault 2. Check the SAS harness
C005129
fault 3. The SAS connector is loose 3. Check and re-connect the SAS connector
or cracked 4. Replace the SAS
4. SAS is damaged
1. The SAS is not calibrated 1. Cancel the calibration of the SAS and perform
correctly the calibration again
Steering angle sensor (SAS) 2. SAS circuit fault 2. Check the SAS harness
C005146
fault 3. The SAS connector is loose 3. Check and re-connect the SAS connector
or cracked 4. Replace the SAS
4. SAS is damaged
Yaw rate sensor fault Replace the ESP ECU Calibrate the yaw rate
C006129 Yaw rate sensor fault
sensor
Yaw rate sensor fault Replace the ESP ECU Calibrate the yaw rate
C006229 Yaw rate sensor fault
sensor
Yaw rate sensor system fault Replace the ESP ECU Calibrate the yaw rate
C006309 Yaw rate sensor system fault
sensor
Yaw rate sensor fault Replace the ESP ECU Calibrate the yaw rate
C006329 Yaw rate sensor fault
sensor
Yaw rate sensor (YRS) fault Replace the ESP ECU Calibrate the yaw rate
C006446 Yaw rate sensor (YRS) fault
sensor
1. Violent driving occurs 1. Read the data stream from the wheel speed
continuously or the brake is sensor with a diagnostic scan tool, and observe if
applied continuously for a long any wheel speed remains high or low
time 2. Run the vehicle for 8-shaped test drive, and turn
2. The wheel speed sensor the steering wheel to the limit on both sides during
signal is inaccurate the test, and read the DTC again
C007200 Brake disc overtemperature
3. Abnormal SAS and yaw rate 3. If there is no DTC related to the SAS or yaw
sensor signal velocity sensor, check whether the ESP is installed
4. The brake disc temperature horizontally and firmly, and whether the ESP
exceeds the limit value or the bracket is used for installing other devices
brake disc temperature cannot 4. Check the possible causes of brake disc
be read overheating
1. System overheat protection 1. Let the HEV Engine cool for 10 min, clear the
2. ESP ECU is damaged. DTCand then read the DTC again
C00724B Valve overheat protection
2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake
line
1. The ESP OFF switch is 1. Manually deactivate and reactivate the ESP
pressed by objects. function through the ESP OFF switch
C008996 PATA switch fault
2. The EPB switch or its circuit 2. Check the ESP OFF switch
is damaged
C009096 AVH switch fault AVH switch fault Check the AVH switch and harness

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-200 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

C100113 IG hardwire fault IG hardwire fault Replace ESP ECU
1. Measure the battery voltage and charge the
battery if necessary (standard voltage: 10V~16V)
2. Check the two ground points of ESP, including
ESP ECU ground and reflux pump motor ground
3. Turn on all high-power electrical appliances on
the vehicle and measure the power supply voltage
1. The battery voltage is too of ESP, as insufficient power supply may occur in
C100116 ECU voltage error/low
high or too low the case of high power load
2. The body is poorly grounded 4. Measure the voltage fluctuation when the vehicle
is started, and when the high-power electrical
appliances on the vehicle are turned on and off, as
potential electrical appliance failure may lead to
serious voltage fluctuation of the power supply
circuit
1. Measure the battery voltage and charge the
battery if necessary (standard voltage: 10V~16V)
2. Check the two ground points of ESP, including
ESP ECU ground and reflux pump motor ground
3. Turn on all high-power electrical appliances on
1. The battery voltage is too the vehicle and measure the power supply voltage
C100117 ECU voltage error/high high or too low of ESP, as insufficient power supply may occur in
the case of high power load
2. The body is poorly grounded
4. Measure the voltage fluctuation when the vehicle
is started, and when the high-power electrical
appliances on the vehicle are turned on and off, as
potential electrical appliance failure may lead to
serious voltage fluctuation of the power supply
circuit
1. Check the wheel speed sensor harness for open
circuit and short circuit
2. Check whether all connectors on the wheel
1. Broken harness, and loose speed sensor circuit are loose or broken
or broken connector of wheel 3. Check whether the power line and signal line of
speed sensor the wheel speed sensor are connected reversely
C101038 Wheel speed sensor error 2. The signal line and power 4. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
line of wheel speed sensor are dynamic self-test of the ESP
reversely connected 5. After the fault is eliminated, switch on the power
3. The signal line is shorted to supply again, and drive for a long time in the curve
ground when the monitoring is effective 6. If the fault
cannot be eliminated after the dynamic self-test,
replace the wheel speed sensor
C104064 Clutch signal error Clutch signal error Check clutch sensor and harness
C104164 Reverse gear signal error Reverse gear signal error Check EMS controller and signal
C106000 CAN hardware error CAN hardware error Check the bus harness
C106100 ECU fault ECU fault Replace ESP ECU
1. System overheat protection
C106147 ECU fault Replace ESP ECU
2. ESP ECU is damaged.
C106148 ECU fault Fault of ECU software in ESP Replace ESP ECU
1. Configuration information is 1. Write correct configuration information with the
C107505 Variable code error
not written diagnostic scan tool

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-201 ESP

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

2. Configuration information is
mismatched 2. Replace the ESP assembly and bleed the brake
line
3. ESP ECU is damaged.
1. Check the power supply circuit, fuse and power
1. Poor motor power supply supply voltage of motor relay
(low power supply voltage, 2. Accelerate the vehicle to over 60 km/h for
C10B049 Motor relay fault damaged fuse or poor contact) dynamic self-test of the ESP
2. Motor relay fault 3. If the fault cannot be eliminated after the
3. ESP ECU is damaged. dynamic self-test, replace the ESP assembly, and
bleed the brake line
1. System overheat protection
C10B149 Valve relay circuit fault Replace ESP ECU
2. ESP ECU is damaged.
U007388 CAN Busoff CAN Busoff Check bus harness and error frames
Lost communication with EMS Lost communication with EMS
U010087 Check EMS signal, hardware and harness
node node
Lost communication with TCU Lost communication with TCU
U010187 Check TCU signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from MRR Invalid data received from MRR
U010481 Check MRR, camera signal, hardware and harness
node node
Lost communication with SAS Lost communication with SAS Check the signal, hardware and harness of electric
U012687
node node power steering gear
Lost communication with GWM Lost communication with GWM
U014687 Check GWM signal, hardware and harness
node node
Lost communication with SRS Lost communication with SRS
U015187 Check seat belt signal, hardware and harness
node node
Lost communication with MRR Lost communication with MRR
U025787 Check MRR signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from EMS Invalid data received from EMS
U040181 Check EMS signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from TCU Invalid data received from TCU
U040281 Check TCU signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from SAS Invalid data received from SAS
U042881 Check the SAS signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from Invalid data received from
U044781 Check GWM signal, hardware and harness
GWM node GWM node
Invalid data received from SRS Invalid data received from SRS
U045281 Check seat belt signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from Invalid data received from
U025886 Check MRR, camera signal, hardware and harness
IFC_MRR_3 node IFC_MRR_3 node
Lost communication with IFC Lost communication with IFC
U025887 Check MRR, camera signal, hardware and harness
node node
Invalid data received from Invalid data received from
U025881 Check MRR, camera signal, hardware and harness
IFC_MRR_2 node IFC_MRR_2 node
Check EPB signal, hardware and harness, read
Lost communication with EPB
U012887 EPB node signal is lost EPB DTC and repair according to DTC possible
node
causes
Check EPB signal, hardware and harness, read
Invalid data received from EPB Invalid data received from EPB
U041781 EPB DTC and repair according to DTC possible
node node
causes

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-202 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.11.5.6 DTC: C000149, C000249...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C000149 Solenoid valve fault
C000249 Solenoid valve fault
C000349 Solenoid valve fault
C000449 Solenoid valve fault
C001049 Left front fluid inlet solenoid valve fault
C001149 Left front fluid outlet solenoid valve fault
C001449 Right front fluid inlet solenoid valve fault
C001549 Right front fluid outlet solenoid valve fault
C001849 Left rear fluid inlet solenoid valve fault
C001949 Left rear fluid outlet solenoid valve fault
C001C49 Right rear fluid inlet solenoid valve fault
C001D49 Right rear fluid outlet solenoid valve fault

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-203 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the fuses EF23, EF48, IF21 of the ESPI.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-204 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are

blown.
No Go to Step 4.
Yes

Step 3 Overhaul fuse EF23, EF48, IF21 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21

are shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current.
The fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are rated at 40A, 40A/60A
and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the ESPI works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 4 Check ESPI power supply circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Power supply
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminals 2, 4, 41 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

IG1 power supply Power supply

Yes

Step 5 Check ESPI ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-205 ESP

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Ground
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 1, 3 of ESPI
harness connector FB04
and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.7 DTC: C002049, C002072...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C002049 Motor fault
C002072 Motor or relay open-circuited
C00724B Valve overheat protection
C10B049 Motor relay fault
C10B149 Valve relay circuit fault
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-206 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the fuses EF23, EF48, IF21 of the ESPI.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-207 ESP

A Check whether the fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are

blown.
No Go to Step 4.
Yes

Step 3 Overhaul fuse EF23, EF48, IF21 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21

are shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current.
The fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are rated at 40A, 40A/60A
and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the ESPI works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 4 Check ESPI power supply circuit.

FB04 ESPI harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Power supply
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminals 2, 4, 41 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

IG1 power supply Power supply

Yes

Step 5 Check ESPI ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-208 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Ground B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 1, 3 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.8 DTC: C003129, C003149...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C003129 Left front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - signal error
C003149 Left front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - other wiring
faults
C003113 Left front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - open circuit
C003111 Left front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
ground
C003112 Left front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
battery
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-209 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left front wheel speed Left rear wheel speed Right front wheel Right rear wheel
sensor sensor speed sensor speed sensor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Drive the vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h or higher for at
least 5 minutes, and carry out simulated actuation tests of
related fault symptoms on a clear and safe road.
E After completing the road test, read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-210 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 2 Check left front wheel speed sensor output signal.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to the "
ON"position.
C Read the data stream of the left front wheel speed sensor
and check whether it is normal.
Yes Go to step 9.
No

Step 3 Check the connection of the left front wheel speed sensor harness connector.

A Check whether the left front wheel speed sensor harness

connector is properly connected.
No Connect the harness connector correctly.
Yes

Step 4 Check the installation of the left front wheel speed sensor.

A Check whether the left front wheel speed sensor is

installed correctly.
No Install the left front wheel speed sensor
correctly.
Yes

Step 5 Check whether the circuit between the left front wheel speed sensor and the ESPI is open-circuited.

FB01 Left front wheel speed sensor harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Left front wheel speed sensor + B Disconnect left front wheel speed sensor harness
connector FB01.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 1
of left front wheel speed sensor harness connector FB01
and terminal 22 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of left front wheel speed sensor harness connector FB01
and terminal 11 of ESPI harness connector FB04.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
Left front wheel speed sensor-
F Verify if the measured value is consistent with the
standard
No value. Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-211 ESP

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Left front wheel speed sensor-

Left front wheel speed sensor +

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the left front wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to GND.

FB01 Left front wheel speed sensor harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Left front wheel speed sensor + B Disconnect left front wheel speed sensor harness
connector FB01.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of left front
wheel speed sensor harness connector FB01 and body
ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of left front
wheel speed sensor harness connector FB01 and body
ground.
Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
Left front wheel speed sensor-
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.
Yes

Step 7 Check whether the left front wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB01 Left front wheel speed sensor harness connector
position.
Left front wheel speed sensor + B Disconnect left front wheel speed sensor harness
connector FB01.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of left front
wheel speed sensor harness connector FB01 and body
ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of the left front
wheel speed sensor harness connector FB01 and the body
Left front wheel speed sensor- ground.
Standard
No voltage: 0V
Replace or repair the harness or
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-212 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 8 Replace the left front wheel speed sensor.

A Replace the left front wheel speed sensor.

B After replacing the left front wheel speed sensor, verify if
the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 9 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 10 End.
1.11.5.9 DTC: C003429, C003449...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C003429 Right front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - signal error
Right front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - other wiring
C003449
faults
C003413 Right front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - open circuit
Right front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
C003411
ground
Right front wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
C003412
battery

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-213 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left front wheel speed Left rear wheel speed Right front wheel Right rear wheel
sensor sensor speed sensor speed sensor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Drive the vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h or higher for at
least 5 minutes, and carry out simulated actuation tests of
related fault symptoms on a clear and safe road.
E After completing the road test, read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-214 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 2 Check right front wheel speed sensor output signal.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to the "
ON"position.
C Read the data stream of the right front wheel speed
sensor and check whether it is normal.
Yes Go to step 9.
No

Step 3 Check the connection of the right front wheel speed sensor harness connector.

A Check whether the right front wheel speed sensor

harness connector is properly connected.
No Connect the harness connector correctly.
Yes

Step 4 Check the installation of the right front wheel speed sensor.

A Check whether the right front wheel speed sensor is

installed correctly.
No Install the right front wheel speed sensor
correctly.
Yes

Step 5 Check whether the circuit between the right front wheel speed sensor and the ESPI is open-circuited.

FB02 Right front wheel speed sensor harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Right front wheel speed sensor B Disconnect right front wheel speed sensor harness
+
connector FB02.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 1
of the right front wheel speed sensor harness connector
FB02 and terminal 25 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of the right front wheel speed sensor harness connector
FB02 and terminal 20 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Right front wheel speed sensor- Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the measured value is consistent with the
standard
No value. Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-215 ESP

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Right front wheel speed sensor

+

Right front wheel speed sensor-

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the right front wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to GND.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB02 Right front wheel speed sensor harness connector
position.
Right front wheel speed sensor B Disconnect right front wheel speed sensor harness
+
connector FB02.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the right
front wheel speed sensor harness connector FB02 and
body ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the right
front wheel speed sensor harness connector FB02 and
body ground.
Right front wheel speed sensor-
Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.
Yes

Step 7 Check whether the right front wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB02 Right front wheel speed sensor harness connector
position.
Right front wheel speed sensor B Disconnect right front wheel speed sensor harness
+ connector FB02.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of the right front
wheel speed sensor harness connector FB02 and the body
ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of the right front
Right front wheel speed sensor-
wheel speed sensor harness connector FB02 and the body
ground.
Standard
No voltage: 0V
Replace or repair the harness or
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-216 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 8 Replace the right front wheel speed sensor.

A Replace the right front wheel speed sensor.

B After replacing the right front wheel speed sensor, verify if
the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 9 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 10 End.
1.11.5.10 DTC: C003729, C003749...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C003729 Left rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - signal error
Left rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - other wiring
C003749
faults
C003713 Left rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault-open circuit
Left rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
C003711
ground
Left rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault-connected to
C003712
battery
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-217 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left front wheel speed Left rear wheel speed Right front wheel Right rear wheel
sensor sensor speed sensor speed sensor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Drive the vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h or higher for at
least 5 minutes, and carry out simulated actuation tests of
related fault symptoms on a clear and safe road.
E After completing the road test, read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-218 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 2 Check left rear wheel speed sensor output signal.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to the "
ON"position.
C Read the data stream of the left rear wheel speed sensor
and check whether it is normal.
Yes Go to step 9.
No

Step 3 Check the connection of the left rear wheel speed sensor harness connector.

A Check whether the left rear wheel speed sensor harness

connector is properly connected.
No Connect the harness connector correctly.
Yes

Step 4 Check the installation of the left rear wheel speed sensor.

A Check whether the left rear wheel speed sensor is

installed correctly.
No Install the left rear wheel speed sensor
correctly.
Yes

Step 5 Chec whether the circuit between the left rear wheel speed sensor and the ESPI is open-circuited.

FD03 Left rear wheel speed sensor harness connector

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Left rear wheel speed sensor + B Disconnect left rear wheel speed sensor harness
connector FD03.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 1
of the left rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
FD03 and terminal 38 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of the left rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
FD03 and terminal 23 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Left rear wheel speed sensor- Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the measured value is consistent with the
standard
No value. Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-219 ESP

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Left rear wheel speed sensor-

Left rear wheel speed sensor +

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the left rear wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to GND.

FD03 Left rear wheel speed sensor harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Left rear wheel speed sensor +
B Disconnect left rear wheel speed sensor harness
connector FD03.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the left
rear wheel speed sensor harness connector FD03 and
body ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the left
rear wheel speed sensor harness connector FD03 and
body ground.
Left rear wheel speed sensor- Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.
Yes

Step 7 Check whether the left rear wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FD03 Left rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
position.
Left rear wheel speed sensor + B Disconnect left rear wheel speed sensor harness
connector FD03.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of the left rear
wheel speed sensor harness connector FD03 and body
ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of the left rear
Left rear wheel speed sensor-
wheel speed sensor harness connector FD03 and body
ground.
Standard
No voltage: 0V
Replace or repair the harness or
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-220 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 8 Replace the left rear wheel speed sensor.

A Replace the left rear wheel speed sensor.

B After replacing the left rear wheel speed sensor, verify if
the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 9 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 10 End.
1.11.5.11 DTC: C003A29, C003A49...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C003A29 Right rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - signal error
Right rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - other wiring
C003A49
faults
C003A13 Right rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault-open circuit
Right rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
C003A11
ground
Right rear wheel speed sensor circuit fault - shorted to
C003A12
battery

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-221 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left front wheel speed Left rear wheel speed Right front wheel Right rear wheel
sensor sensor speed sensor speed sensor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Drive the vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h or higher for at
least 5 minutes, and carry out simulated actuation tests of
related fault symptoms on a clear and safe road.
E After completing the road test, read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-222 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 2 Check the right rear wheel speed sensor output signal.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to the "
ON"position.
C Read the data stream of the right rear wheel speed
sensor and check whether it is normal.
Yes Go to step 9.
No

Step 3 Check the connection of the right rear wheel speed sensor harness connector.

A Check whether the right rear wheel speed sensor

harness connector is properly connected.
No Connect the harness connector correctly.
Yes

Step 4 Check the installation of the right rear wheel speed sensor.

A Check whether the right rear wheel speed sensor is

installed correctly.
No Install the right rear wheel speed sensor
correctly.
Yes

Step 5 Check whether the circuit between the right rear wheel speed sensor and the ESPI is open-circuited.

FU04 right rear wheel speed sensor harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Right rear wheel speed sensor
+
B Disconnect right rear wheel speed sensor harness
connector FU04.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 1
of the right rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
FU04 and terminal 24 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of the right rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
FU04 and terminal 40 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Right rear wheel speed sensor- Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the measured value is consistent with the
standard
No value. Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-223 ESP

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Right rear wheel speed sensor

+

Right rear wheel speed sensor-

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to GND.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU04 right rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
position.
Right rear wheel speed sensor B Disconnect right rear wheel speed sensor harness
+
connector FU04.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the right
rear wheel speed sensor harness connector FU04 and
body ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the right
rear wheel speed sensor harness connector FU04 and
body ground.
Right rear wheel speed sensor- Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.
Yes

Step 7 Check whether the right rear wheel speed sensor circuit is shorted to power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU04 right rear wheel speed sensor harness connector
position.
Right rear wheel speed sensor B Disconnect right rear wheel speed sensor harness
+ connector FU04.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of the right rear
wheel speed sensor harness connector FU04 and body
ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of the right rear
Right rear wheel speed sensor- wheel speed sensor harness connector FU04 and body
ground.
Standard
No voltage: 0V
Replace or repair the harness or
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-224 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 8 Replace the right rear wheel speed sensor.

A Replace the right rear wheel speed sensor.

B After replacing the right rear wheel speed sensor, verify if
the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 9 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 10 End.
1.11.5.12 DTC: C004023
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C004023 BLS fault
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-225 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Normally on

Brake
switch

IG1 On

ESPI

EPB switch

Integrated BCM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the installation of the brake switch.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-226 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the brake switch is installed in correct

position.
No Reinstall the brake switch.
Yes

Step 3 Check the brake switch.

Brake switch A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

position.
B Disconnect brake switch harness connector FB24.
C Depress the brake pedal, and check the continuity of the
circuit between terminals 1 and 2 of the brake switch
component.
D Release the brake pedal, and check the continuity of the
circuit between terminals 3 and 4 of the brake switch
component.
No Replace the brake switch.

Yes

Step 4 Check the circuit between the brake switch and the ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB24 brake switch harness connector
position.
Brake switch NO signal B Disconnect brake switch harness connector FB24.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the brake
switch harness connector FB24 and terminal 39 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
E Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-227 ESP

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Brake switch NO signal

Yes

Step 5 Check the power supply circuit of the brake switch.

A Check whether the power supply circuit of the brake

switch is normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 6 Replace the brake switch.

A Replace the brake switch.

B After replacing the brake switch, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 7 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-228 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.11.5.13 DTC: C004429, C004449...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C004429 Pressure sensor fault
C004449 Pressure sensor fault
C106100 ECU fault
C106147 ECU fault
C106148 ECU fault
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-229 ESP

C Clear the DTC.

D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

Yes

Step 2 Check the fuses EF23, EF48, IF21 of the ESPI.

A Check whether the fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are

blown.
No Go to Step 4.
Yes

Step 3 Overhaul fuse EF23, EF48, IF21 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21

are shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current.
The fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are rated at 40A, 40A/60A
and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the ESPI works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 4 Check ESPI power supply circuit.

FB04 ESPI harness connector

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Power supply
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminals 2, 4, 41 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

IG1 power supply Power supply

Yes

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-230 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Step 5 Check ESPI ground circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Ground
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 1, 3 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.14 DTC: C005129, C005146
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C005129 Steering angle sensor (SAS) fault
C005146 Steering angle sensor (SAS) fault
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-231 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

Steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU)

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Perform the steering angular velocity sensor calibration procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-232 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Perform the steering angular velocity sensor calibration
procedure according to the prompts on the diagnostic scan
tool screen.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Check steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) fuses EF34 and IF22.

A Check whether the fuses EF34 and IF22 are blown.

No Go to step 5.
Yes

Step 4 Overhaul fuse EF34 and IF22 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses PF03 and IF22 are

shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current. The fuses
EF34 and IF22 are rated at 80A and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the steering angular velocity sensor
(EPS ECU) works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Check steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) power supply circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-233 ESP

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the steering angular velocity sensor (EPS
Battery power supply
ECU) harness connectors IP09 and IP17.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of the steering
angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) harness connector IP19
and the body ground.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 5 of the steering
angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) harness connector IP17
and the body ground.
Standard voltage: 11~14 V
F Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector

IG1 power supply

No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 6 Check steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) ground circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the steering angular velocity sensor (EPS
Ground
ECU) harness connector IP09.
C Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the
steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) harness
connector IP09 and the body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-234 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.11.5.15 DTC: C006129, C006229...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C006129 Yaw rate sensor fault
C006229 Yaw rate sensor fault
C006309 Yaw rate sensor system fault
C006329 Yaw rate sensor fault
C006446 Yaw rate sensor (YRS) fault
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-235 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Perform the yaw rate sensor calibration procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-236 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Carry out the yaw rate sensor calibration procedure
following the prompts on the screen of the diagnostic scan
tool.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Check the power supply and ground circuits of the ESPI.

A Check whether the power supply and ground circuits of

the ESPI are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 5 End.
1.11.5.16 DTC: C007200
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C007200 Brake disc overtemperature
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-237 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the brake fluid level.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-238 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the brake fluid level is normal.

No Add or drain brake fluid so that its level is
within the normal range.
Yes

Step 3 Check the brake pipeline.

A Check the brake pipeline for blockage or leakage.

Yes Check and repair brake pipeline
No

Step 4 Check the brake wheel cylinder.

A Check whether the brake wheel cylinder returns to its

original position normally.
No Replace the brake wheel cylinder.
Yes

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.17 DTC: C009096
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C009096 AVH switch fault

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-239 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Normally on

Brake
switch

IG1 On

ESPI

EPB switch

Integrated BCM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check EPB switch function.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-240 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to the "

ON"position.
B Test each function of the EPB switch several times to
check whether the EPB switch functions normally.
No Replace the EPB switch.
Yes

Step 3 Check the circuit between the EPB switch and the ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 6
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 28
of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
E Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

Automatic parking
switch signal

FB04 ESPI harness connector

No Repair or replace the harness.

Automatic parking
switch signal

Yes

Step 4 Check EPB switch ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-241 ESP

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
Ground B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
C Measure the resistance between terminal 4 of EPB
switch harness connector CN05 and body ground .
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Replace the EPB switch.

A Replace the EPB switch.

B After replacing the EPB switch, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.18 DTC: C100113, C100116...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C100113 IG hardwire fault
C100116 ECU voltage error/low
C100117 ECU voltage error/high
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-242 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the battery.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-243 ESP

A Measure the battery voltage.

Standard voltage: 11~14 V
B Confirm whether the voltage is consistent with the
standard value.
No Charge the battery or check the charging
system.
Yes

Step 3 Check the fuses EF23, EF48, IF21 of the ESPI.

A Check whether the fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are

blown.
No Go to step 5.
Yes

Step 4 Overhaul fuse EF23, EF48, IF21 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21

are shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current.
The fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are rated at 40A, 40A/60A
and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the ESPI works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Check ESPI power supply circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector position.
Power supply B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminals 2, 4, 41 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

IG1 power supply Power supply

Yes

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-244 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Step 6 Check ESPI ground circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Ground B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 1, 3 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 7 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.11.5.19 DTC: C101038
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C101038 Wheel speed sensor error
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-245 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left front wheel speed Left rear wheel speed Right front wheel Right rear wheel
sensor sensor speed sensor speed sensor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Drive the vehicle at a speed of 30 km/h or higher for at
least 5 minutes, and carry out the related triggering test by
simulating the fault symptom on a clear and safe road.
E After completing the road test, read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-246 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes

Step 2 Check wheel speed sensor output signal.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to the "
ON"position.
C Read the data stream of the wheel speed sensor and
check whether it is normal.
Yes Go to Step 6.
No

Step 3 Check the connection of the wheel speed sensor harness connector.

A Check whether the wheel speed sensor harness

connector is properly connected.
No Connect the harness connector correctly.
Yes

Step 4 Check the installation of the wheel speed sensor.

A Check whether the wheel speed sensor is installed

correctly.
No Install the wheel speed sensor correctly.
Yes

Step 5 Replace the wheel speed sensor.

A Replace the wheel speed sensor.

B After replacing the wheel speed sensor, verify if the fault
is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-247 ESP

Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.20 DTC: C104064, C104164
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C104064 Clutch signal error
C104164 Reverse gear signal error
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

ECM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-248 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the

“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

Yes

Step 2 Check the ECM.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the ECM DTC and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of HEV Engine.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and ECM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect ECM harness connector FB46.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 77 of the ECM
harness connector FB46.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 78 of the ECM
harness connector FB46.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Check the CAN data communication
cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-249 ESP

FB46 ECM harness connector

Yes

Step 4 Check the power and ground wires of the ECM.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ECM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 5 Replace the ECM.

A Replace the ECM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the ECM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-250 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.11.5.21 DTC: C106000, U007388
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C106000 CAN hardware error
U007388 CAN Busoff
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-251 ESP

No The DTC may be triggered by an

intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN communication circuit of the ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 13
and terminal 27 of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Standard resistance: about 60 Ω
D Confirm whether the resistance is consistent with the
standard
No value. Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the ESPI.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ESPI

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 5 End.
1.11.5.22 DTC: C107505
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C107505 Variable code error
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-252 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Rewrite the configuration information with the diagnostic scan tool.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-253 ESP

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Write the configuration information of the ESPI according
to the prompts on the diagnostic scan tool screen.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 4 End.
1.11.5.23 DTC: C110052, C116044
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C110052 EPB initialization not completed
C116044 PBC memory fault
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-254 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Perform the module calibration procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-255 ESP

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Perform the ESPI calibration procedure according to the
prompts on the diagnostic scan tool screen.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 4 End.
1.11.5.24 DTC: C110070, C110191...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C110070 EPB operation prohibited by main program
C110191 EPB maintenance mode
C11A262 EPB caliper action questionable
C11A291 Brake caliper in maintenance mode
C11A47B Hydraulic assist failure
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-256 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Execute the procedure to exit the brake caliper maintenance mode.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-257 ESP

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
positionand enter the main interface of the diagnostic scan
tool.
C Execute the procedure to exit the brake caliper
maintenance mode following the prompts on the screen of
the diagnostic scan tool.
D Clear the DTC.
E Read the DTC again.
F Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 4 End.
1.11.5.25 DTC: C110316, C110317...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C110316 Parking brake caliper power supply voltage low
C110317 Parking brake caliper power supply voltage high
C11A216 EPB caliper motor voltage low
C11A217 EPB caliper motor voltage high

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-258 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Refer to A-CAN Refer to P-CAN

system circuit system circuit
diagram diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the fuses EF23, EF48, IF21 of the ESPI.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-259 ESP

A Check whether the fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are

blown.
No Go to Step 4.
Yes

Step 3 Overhaul fuse EF23, EF48, IF21 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21

are shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current.
The fuses EF23, EF48 and IF21 are rated at 40A/60A, 40A
and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the ESPI works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 4 Check ESPI power supply circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Power supply
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminals 2, 4, 41 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 11~14
Repair orVreplace the harness.
E Confirm whether the voltage meets the standard value.

IG1 power supply Power supply

Yes

Step 5 Check ESPI ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-260 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
Ground
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Measure the resistance between terminals 1, 3 of the
ESPI harness connector FB04 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.26 DTC: C11352A, C114100
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C11352A EPB command error
C114100 EPB switch circuit error

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-261 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Normally on

Brake
switch

IG1 On

ESPI

EPB switch

Integrated BCM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the EPB switch.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-262 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the EPB switch is damaged and whether

it is pressed by heavy objects.
Yes Replace EPB switch or remove heavy
objects.
No

Step 3 Check the circuit between the EPB switch and the ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
EPB switch signal 2 EPB switch signal 1
B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 1
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 45
of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 2
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 46
of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
F Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 9
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 30
EPB switch signal 4 EPB switch signal 3
of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
G Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 10
of the EPB switch harness connector CN05 and terminal 31
FB04 ESPI harness connector of the ESPI harness connector FB04.
EPB switch signal 4 EPB switch signal 3
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
H Confirm whether the resistance is consistent with the
standard
No value. Replace or repair the harness or
connector.

EPB switch signal 2 EPB switch signal 1

Yes

Step 4 Check EPB switch ground circuit.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-263 ESP

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN05 EPB switch harness connector
position.
Ground B Disconnect EPB switch harness connector CN05.
C Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 4
of EPB switch harness connector CN05 and body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Replace the EPB switch.

A Replace the EPB switch.

B After replacing the EPB switch, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.11.5.27 DTC:C11A011,C11A012 ......
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C11A011 Left EPB caliper motor fault - shorted to ground
C11A012 Left EPB caliper motor fault - shorted to power supply
C11A013 Left EPB caliper motor fault - open circuit
C11A015 Left EPB caliper motor fault - short circuit
Left parking brake caliper - current above limit during
C11A01D
working
C11A01E Left EPB caliper motor H bridge error
C11A049 Left EPB caliper motor fault - other faults
C11A074 Left parking brake caliper-slipping during clamping

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-264 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition

C11A075 Left motor action limited
Left parking brake caliper - abnormal operation
C11A076
characteristics
C11A078 Left parking brake caliper-clamping failure
C11A079 Left parking brake caliper-release failure
Left parking brake caliper-excessive internal rotation
C11A07F
resistance
C11A094 Left parking brake caliper motor start failure
C11A095 Left EPB caliper motor polarity error
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left rear EPB motor Right rear EPB motor

2. Diagnostic procedure

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-265 ESP

Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the left rear brake lining.

A Check whether the left rear brake lining is installed

correctly.
No Reinstall the left rear brake lining.
Yes

Step 3 Check the left rear brake assembly.

A Check whether the left rear brake assembly is installed

incorrectly or damaged.
Yes Reinstall the left rear brake assembly or
replace the left rear brake assembly.
No

Step 4 Check the circuit between the left rear EPB motor and the ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FD02 left rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Motor + B Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the left
rear EPB motor harness connector FD02 and terminal 5 of
the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the left
rear EPB motor harness connector FD02 and terminal 6 of
the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
Motor - value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-266 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Left rear EPB motor +

Left rear EPB motor-

Yes

Step 5 Check whether the left rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the ground.

FD02 left rear EPB motor harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
Motor +
B Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of left rear
EPB motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of left rear
EPB motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Motor -

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the left rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FD02 left rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Motor + B Disconnect left rear EPB motor harness connector FD02.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of left rear EPB
motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of left rear EPB
motor harness connector FD02 and body ground.
Standard
No voltage: 0 V or replace the harness.
Repair
Motor - G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-267 ESP

Yes

Step 7 Replace the left rear EPB motor.

A Replace the left rear EPB motor.

B After replacing the left rear EPB motor, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 8 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 9 End.
1.11.5.28 DTC: C11A111, C11A112...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C11A111 Right EPB caliper motor fault - shorted to ground
C11A112 Right EPB caliper motor fault - shorted to power supply
C11A113 Right EPB caliper motor fault - open circuit
C11A115 Right EPB caliper motor fault - short circuit
Right parking brake caliper current above limit during
C11A11D
working
C11A11E Right EPB caliper motor H bridge error
C11A149 Right EPB caliper motor fault - other faults
C11A174 Right parking brake caliper-slipping during clamping
C11A175 Right motor action limited
Right parking brake caliper - abnormal operation
C11A176
parameters
C11A178 Right parking brake caliper-clamping failure
C11A179 Right parking brake caliper-release failure
Right parking brake caliper-excessive internal rotation
C11A17F
resistance
C11A194 Right parking brake caliper motor start failure
C11A195 Right EPB caliper motor polarity error
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-268 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Left rear EPB motor Right rear EPB motor

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the right rear brake lining.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-269 ESP

A Check whether the right rear brake lining is properly

installed.
No Reinstall the right rear brake lining.
Yes

Step 3 Check the right rear brake assembly.

A Check whether the right rear brake assembly is installed

incorrectly or damaged.
Yes Reinstall the right rear brake assembly or
replace the right rear brake assembly.
No

Step 4 Check the circuit between the right rear EPB motor and the ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Motor + B Disconnect right rear EPB motor harness connector
FU05.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and terminal 16 of
the ESPI harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and terminal 15 of
the ESPI harness connector FB04.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
Motor -
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Right rear EPB motor +

No Repair or replace the harness.

Right rear EPB motor-

Yes

Step 5 Check whether the right rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the ground.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-270 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Motor + B Disconnect right rear EPB motor harness connector
FU05.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 1 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and the body
ground.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the right
rear EPB motor harness connector FU05 and the body
ground.
Standard resistance: 10 kΩ or higher
Motor -
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 6 Check whether the right rear EPB motor circuit is shorted to the power supply.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FU05 right rear EPB motor harness connector
position.
Motor + B Disconnect right rear EPB motor harness connector
FU05.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "ON"
position.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of the right rear
EPB motor harness connector FU05 and body ground.
F Measure the voltage between terminal 2 of the right rear
EPB motor harness connector FU05 and body ground.
Motor -
Standard
No voltage: 0 V or replace the harness.
Repair
G Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

Yes

Step 7 Replace the right rear EPB motor.

A Replace the right rear EPB motor.

B After replacing the right rear EPB motor, verify if the fault
is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 8 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-271 ESP

Yes The system is working normally.

Next

Step 9 End.
1.11.5.29 DTC: U010087, U040181
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010087 Lost communication with EMS node
U040181 Invalid data received from EMS node
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

ECM

2. Diagnostic procedure

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-272 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and ECM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect ECM harness connector FB46.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 77 of the ECM
harness connector FB46.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 78 of the ECM
harness connector FB46.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

FB46 ECM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit,
open circuit and false connection, or
when necessary, replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the ECM.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ECM

are normal.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-273 ESP

No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 4 Replace the ECM.

A Replace the ECM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the ECM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.30 DTC: U010187, U040281
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010187 Lost communication with TCU node
U040281 Invalid data received from TCU node
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-274 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

7WDCT TCU

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and 7WDCT TCU.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-275 ESP

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect 7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 19 of the 7WDCT
TCU harness connector EN55.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 20 of 7WDCT TCU
harness connector EN55.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

EN55 7WDCT TCU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or when
necessary, replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the 7WDCT TCU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the

7WDCT TCU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the 7WDCT TCU.

A Replace the 7WDCT TCU.

B After replacing the 7WDCT TCU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-276 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.31 DTC: U010481, U025787
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010481 Invalid data received from MRR node
U025787 Lost communication with MRR node
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

MRR module

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-277 ESP
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and MRR module.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect MRR module harness connector FP13.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 2 of the MRR module
harness connector FP13.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 3 of MRR module
harness connector FP13.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

FP13 MRR module harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit,
open circuit and false connection, or
when necessary, replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the MRR module.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-278 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the MRR

module are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the MRR module.

A Replace the MRR module.

B After replacing the MRR module, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.32 DTC: U012687, U042881
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U012687 Lost communication with SAS node
U042881 Invalid data received from SAS node
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-279 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

Steering angular velocity

sensor (EPS ECU)

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between the ESPI and the steering angular velocity sensor (EPS
ECU).

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-280 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

FB04 ESPI harness connector

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU)
harness connector IP17.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 7 of steering angular
velocity sensor (EPS ECU) harness connector IP17 .
E Measure the resistance between terminal 21 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 6 of the steering
angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) harness connector
IP17.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Check the CAN data communication
IP17 EPS ECU harness connector cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or when
necessary, replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU).

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the

steering angular velocity sensor (EPS ECU) are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-281 ESP

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.33 DTC: U014687, U044781
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U014687 Lost communication with GWM node
U044781 Invalid data received from GWM node
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

GWM

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-282 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 14 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 34 of GWM harness
connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the GWM.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-283 ESP

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the GWM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the GWM.

A Replace the GWM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the GWM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.34 DTC: U015187, U045281
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U015187 Lost communication with SRS node
U045281 Invalid data received from SRS node
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-284 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

SRS ECU

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and SRS ECU.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-285 ESP

FB04 ESPI harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect SRS ECU harness connector BD05.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 12 of the SRS ECU
harness connector BD05.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 11 of the SRS ECU
harness connector BD05.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

BD05 SRS ECU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the SRS ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the SRS

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the SRS ECU.

A Replace the SRS ECU.

B After replacing the SRS ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-286 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.35 DTC: U025887
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U025887 Lost communication with IFC node
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

LDW ECU

2. Diagnostic procedure

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-287 ESP

Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and LDW ECU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect LDW ECU harness connector BD104.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 2 of the LDW ECU
harness connector BD104.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 21 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 3 of the LDW ECU
harness connector BD104.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

BD104 LDW ECU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the LDW ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the LDW

ECU are normal.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-288 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 4 Replace the LDW ECU.

A Replace the LDW ECU.

B After replacing the LDW ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.11.5.36 DTC: U025886, U025881
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U025886 Invalid data received from IFC_MRR_3 node
U025881 Invalid data received from IFC_MRR_2 node

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-289 ESP

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

LDW ECU MRR module

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and LDW ECU.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-290 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect LDW ECU harness connector BD104.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 2 of the LDW ECU
harness connector BD104.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 21 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 3 of the LDW ECU
harness connector BD104.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

BD104 LDW ECU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and MRR module.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect MRR module harness connector FP13.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 2 of the MRR module
harness connector FP13.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 3 of MRR module
harness connector FP13.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Check the CAN data communication
cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-291 ESP

FP13 MRR module harness connector

Yes

Step 4 Check the power and ground wires of LDW ECU and MRR module.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of LDW ECU

and MRR module are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 5 Replace the LDW ECU and MRR module.

A Replace the LDW ECU and MRR module.

B After replacing the LDW ECU and MRR module, verify if
the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-292 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.11.5.37 DTC: U012887, U041781

Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U012887 Lost communication with EPB node
U041781 Invalid data received from EPB node
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

Battery power supply Battery power supply IG1 On

ESPI

EPB ECU

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-293 ESP

No The DTC may be triggered by an

intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between ESPI and EPB ECU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB04 ESPI harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ESPI harness connector FB04.
C Disconnect EPB ECU harness connector BD71.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 13 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 30 of the EPB ECU
harness connector BD71.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 27 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04 and terminal 29 of the EPB ECU
harness connector BD71.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

BD71 EPB ECU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the EPB ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the EPB

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the EPB ECU.

A Replace the EPB ECU.

B After replacing the EPB ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-294 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Yes The system is working normally.

No

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-295 ESP

1.11.6 Removal and installation

1.11.6.1 Removal and installation of in-line wheel speed
sensor of front wheel
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of the
left in-line wheel speed sensor of front wheel, and the right
in-line wheel speed sensor of front wheel may be removed
and installed by reference to left one.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
4 Remove the in-line wheel speed sensor of front wheel
a. Disconnect in-line wheel speed sensor connector of front
wheel as arrowed.

b. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and take out the in-
line wheel speed sensor of front wheel ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 8±2 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Clean the inner surface of the mounting hole before
installing the in-line wheel speed sensor of front wheel.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-296 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.11.6.2 Removal and installation of in-line wheel speed

sensor of rear wheel
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left in-
line wheel speed sensor of rear wheel, and the right in-line
wheel speed sensor of rear wheel can be removed and
installed by reference to the left one.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Lift the vehicle.
4 Remove the in-line wheel speed sensor of rear wheel
a. Disconnect in-line wheel speed sensor connector of rear
wheel as arrowed.

b. Unscrew the fixing bolt as arrowed and remove the in-

line wheel speed sensor of rear wheel ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt as arrowed: 8±2 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Clean the inner surface of the mounting hole before
installing the in-line wheel speed sensor of rear wheel.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-297 ESP

1.11.6.3 Removal and installation of ESPI

Removal procedure
Caution
The brake pipeline in the ESPI area shall not be bent.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Drain the brake fluid. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
Removing ESPI
a. Disconnect ESPI connector as arrowed.

b. Unscrew the fixing nut (arrow A) between the front

chamber brake tube ① and the rear chamber brake tube ②
of brake master cylinder.
c. Disconnect the front chamber brake tube ① and the rear
chamber brake tube ② of brake master cylinder from the
pipe clamp (arrow B). d. Disconnect the front chamber
brake tube ① and the rear chamber brake tube ② of brake
master cylinder from the ESPI.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow A): 17±2 N ·m
Note:
Before removal, place a lint-free shop towel under the
brake tube to prevent the brake fluid from dripping and
corroding other components.

GAC Motor 2023

ESP 1-298 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

e. Unscrew the brake tube fixing nut (arrow A).

f. Disconnect the brake hard pipes ①, ②, ③ and ④ at the
position of-arrow B and connect them with the pipe clamp.
g. Disconnect the brake tubes ①, ②, ③ and ④ from the
ESPI.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow A): 10±2 N ·m
• Tightening torque of the bolt (arrow B): 10±2 N·m

h. Lift the vehicle.

i. Unscrew fixing nut as arrowed to remove ESPI ①.
• Tightening torque of nut: 8 ± 2 N ·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Add the brake fluid. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
- Bleed the brake system. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Maintenance
-Check the brake fluid level, and add brake fluid if
necessary. Refer to Maintenance Manual - Maintenance

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-299 TPMS
1.12 TPMS
1.12.1 Description and operation
1.12.1.1 Description and operation
This vehicle adopts a direct TPMS with automatic learning and positioning or a direct TPMS without automatic learning
and positioning
Description of principle of direct TPMS with automatic learning and positioning
•
• The system measures the pressure and temperature of tire via the tire pressure sensors mounted on the rim and
sends the information on the pressure and temperature of the tire to the receiver (RFR and BCM) via a wireless
transmitter.
• The receiver receives, decodes and analyzes the received wireless signal, and then the information on tire
pressure and temperature are transmitted to the instrument cluster for display.
• In case of tire anomalies such as low pressure, high pressure, rapid air leakage and high temperature, the receiver
issues warning signals to the instrument cluster for display through the indicator lamp on instrument cluster.
• If the vehicle has not been used for more than seven days or the battery has been disconnected, when the
HEV Engine START/STOP button is in "ON" position, the tire pressure and temperature will be displayed as "—” on
theinstrument cluster, and after the vehicle speed reaches above 25 km/h for several minutes, the real-time
tire
pressure and temperature will be displayed on the instrument cluster.
Note:
If the tire pressure sensor in the tire is replaced or the tire rotation is performed, the direct TPMS with automatic learning
and positioning will automatically complete the learning and calibration in the next few driving cycles without the need to
go to the shop for re-learning and calibration, provided that the tire pressure sensor is correctly fitted for the model.
Description of principle of direct TPMS without automatic learning and positioning
•
• The system measures the tire pressure and temperature via the tire pressure sensor mounted on the rim and sends
the information on tire pressure and temperature to the receiver (BCM) via a wireless transmitter.
• The receiver receives, decodes and analyzes the received wireless signal, and then the information on tire
pressure and temperature are transmitted to the instrument cluster for display.
• In case of tire anomalies such as low pressure, high pressure, rapid air leakage and high temperature, the receiver
issues warning signals to the instrument cluster for display through the indicator lamp on instrument cluster.
• If the vehicle has not been used for more than seven days or the battery has been disconnected, when the
HEV Engine START/STOP button is in "ON" position, the tire pressure and temperature will be displayed as "—” on
theinstrument cluster, and after the vehicle speed reaches above 25 km/h for several minutes, the real-time
tire
pressure and temperature will be displayed on the instrument cluster.
Note:
If the tire pressure sensor in the tire is replaced or the tire rotation is performed, for the direct TPMS without automatic
learning and positioning, you need to go to the shop for re-learning and calibration.
Alarm description
• If the tire pressure is higher than 330kPa, the TPMS indicator lamp will come on, and the alarm message about
high tire pressure will be displayed on the instrument cluster; when the tire pressure is lower than 300kPa, the fault
is eliminated and the tire pressure warning lamp goes out.
• If the tire pressure is lower than 75% of the normal set value, the TPMS indicator lamp comes on and the alarm
message on the instrument cluster display indicates that the tire pressure is low; when the tire pressure (cold tire
pressure) rises to the normal set value, the fault is eliminated and the tire pressure warning lamp goes out.
• If the tire pressure keeps dropping at a rate more than 30kPa/min, the TPMS indicator lamp comes on and the
alarm message on the instrument cluster display indicates that the tire is leaky; when the vehicle is powered on
again, the fault is eliminated and the tire pressure warning lamp goes out.
• If the tire temperature is higher than 85°C, the TPMS indicator lamp will come on, and the alarm message reading
that the tire pressure is high will be displayed on the instrument cluster; when the tire temperature drops to 80°C,
the fault is eliminated and the tire pressure warning lamp goes out.

GAC Motor 2023

TPMS 1-300 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.12.2 Location of components
1.12.2.1 Location of components

Tire pressure sensor

Tire pressure sensor

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-301 TPMS
1.12.2.2 Location of components

RF receiver module

GAC Motor 2023

TPMS 1-302 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.12.3 Electrical schematic diagram
1.12.3.1 Electrical schematic block diagram
With RF receiver module

Left front tire pressure

sensor
GWM

Right front tire pressure

RF receiver module

sensor

BCM
Instrument cluster
Left rear tire pressure
sensor

TPMS fault indicator

lamp

Right rear tire pressure

sensor Low tire pressure
warning lamp

Information display by
ECU

Without RF receiver module

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-303 TPMS

Left front tire pressure

sensor
GWM

Right front tire pressure

sensor

BCM
Instrument cluster
Left rear tire pressure
sensor

TPMS fault indicator

lamp

Right rear tire pressure

sensor Low tire pressure
warning lamp

Information display
by ECU

GAC Motor 2023

TPMS 1-304 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.12.4 Removal and installation

1.12.4.1 Removal and installation of tire pressure
sensor
Removal procedure
Note: When separating the rim from the wheel, keep the
blade of the tire changer at an angle of 90° to the valve
stem.
This section describes the removal and installation of the
left front wheel tire pressure sensor, and the tire pressure
sensors of other wheels may be removed and installed by
reference to the left front one.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Remove the left front wheel tire. Refer to 1.4.3.1 Removal
and installation of wheel assembly
3 Remove the tire pressure sensor
a. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed and remove the tire
pressure sensor ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
-Remove all dirt or debris from the sealing part of the seal
ring.
- If the tire pressure sensor in the tire is replaced or the tire
rotation is performed, the tire pressure monitoring system
will automatically complete the learning and calibration in
the next few driving cycles, provided that the tire pressure
sensor is correctly fitted for the model.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-305 TPMS

1.12.4.2 Removal and installation of RF receiver module

(optional)
Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the right C-pillar upper trim panel assembly.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
4 Remove the RF receiver module
a. Disconnect RF receiver module connector (arrow A).
b. Unscrew the fixing clip (arrow B), and remove the RF
receiving module ① in the direction of arrow C.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-306 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.13 Electric power steering system
1.13.1 Specification
1.13.1.1 Fastener specifications
Location Specifications Tightening torque: N ·m
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25

Installing the mechanical steering gear A-type hexagon flange bolt and plain 120±10
washer assembly M12×1.25×140
Adjusting nut for toe-in of mechanical
Hexagon head nut M16 × 1.5 60±5
steering gear assembly
Steering knuckle and mechanical
Hexagon flange nut M12×1.25 50±5
steering gear assembly
Steering wheel to steering column Steering wheel locking bolt 30±3
Steering column and steering gear
Hexagon flange bolt M10×35 60±6
connection
Steering column assembly (CCB upper Hexagon head nut and plain washer
33±3
point) assembly M8
Steering column assembly (CCB lower
Hexagon flange bolt M8 × 90 33±3
point)
Steering wheel to steering column Steering wheel locking bolt 30±3

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-307 Electric power steering system
1.13.2 Description and operation
1.13.2.1 Description and operation
System overview of electric power steering:
The electric power steering (EPS) is a power steering system which directly uses the motor for providing torque. It is
mainly composed of a torque and angle sensor, a motor, an electronic control unit (ECU) and a retarding mechanism.
The EPS ECU controls the torque provided by the EPS motor in real time by detecting the torque applied by the driver,
the vehicle speed, the HEV Engine speed and other status signals of the vehicle to augment the steering effort in the
best wayso as to ensure the easiness of steering at a low speed and the stability of steering at a high speed, and to
improve thedriving comfort and vehicle safety.
There are three steering modes: Light, Comfort and Sport modes, where the hand force of the driver turning the steering
wheel in Light mode will be small, in Comfort mode will be moderate, and in Sport mode will be large. The system is set
to the Light mode by default.
Overview of mechanical steering gear assembly:
This model adopts a rack-and-pinion steering gear assembly, which is mainly composed of pinion, rack, adjusting screw,
housing and rack guide. The steering gear pinion is at the lower end of the steering shaft and meshes with the steering
rack. When the steering wheel is rotated, the pinion in the steering gear rotates to drive the rack in the steering gear to
move in the direction of the steering wheel rotation. The action of the steering gear rack is transmitted to the steering
knuckle arm through the end of the steering gear rack and the end of the steering link, thereby rotating the wheels.

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Electric power steering system 1-308 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.13.3 Location of components
1.13.3.1 Location of components

Steering wheel
assembly

Steering column
assembly

Left outer ball joint of

steering gear Mechanical steering
gear assembly

Dust cover

Right outer ball joint of

steering gear

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-309 Electric power steering system
1.13.4 Electrical schematic diagram
1.13.4.1 Electrical schematic block diagram

To IG1 power supply

Assemb
ly

Torque and angle sensor

To battery power
supply EPS ECU

To ACAN system

Motor

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Electric power steering system 1-310 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.13.5 Exploded view
1.13.5.1 Exploded view

Steering wheel locking

bolt

Steering column
assembly

(2 in total)

Cotter pin

Steering input shaft dust

cover

(2 in total)

Mechanical steering gear

assembly

(2 in total)

(2 in total)

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-311 Electric power steering system
1.13.5.2 Exploded view

Steering wheel switch

assembly

Steering wheel assembly

Tightening torque is measured in N.m

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Electric power steering system 1-312 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.13.6 Diagnostic information and procedure
1.13.6.1 Diagnostic instructions
The diagnostic scan tool may be used to read the switch and sensor values by reading the DTC via the OBD DLC of the
vehicle and reading the data table displayed on the diagnostic scan tool based on the data table of EPS without
removing any part. Reading the data table can be used to quickly locate a fault, and it is one of the ways to shorten the
diagnosis time.
1.13.6.2 Visual inspection
• Verify the symptom.
No symptom present during troubleshooting is the most difficult case in which the fault described by the user must be
analyzed thoroughly. And then simulate the identical or similar condition under which the symptom occurred on the
customer’s vehicle. No matter how skillful the service personnel are or how rich their experience is, they would ignore
some important things in their repair work and make some wrong determination without confirmation of the fault symptom.
This will make troubleshooting impossible.
• Check the accessible or visible system components for obvious damage or conditions which may cause faults.
• The connectors and the support points of vibration are the main locations which must be checked thoroughly. The
vibration method is recommended in case of fault due to vibration.
a Gently vibrate the suspected sensor part with fingers to check it for fault.
b Gently shake the connector in the vertical and horizontal directions.
c Gently shake the harness in the vertical and horizontal directions.
1.13.6.3 ECU terminal
EPS ECU harness connector (IP09)

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector

Wire Reference value

Terminal No. Terminal definition Condition
diameter/color (approx.)
The HEV Engine
1 8.0/Red Battery power supply START/STOP button is Battery voltage
set to any position
2 8.0/Black Ground — 0V

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-313 Electric power steering system
EPS ECU harness connector (IP17)

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector

Wire Reference value

Terminal No. Terminal definition Condition
diameter/color (approx.)
HEV Engine
5 0.35/purple IG1 On START/STOP button is Battery voltage
in ON position
6 0.35/gray ACAN-L － －
7 0.35/white ACAN-H － －
1.13.6.4 Data list
Diagnostic Range
display/measurement Subtype Unit
item Min. Max.

Vehicle speed 0 240 km/h

HEV Engine speed 0 65535 r/min
Operating voltage 0 25.5 V
Time of failure - year 0 2255 YY
Time of failure - month 1 12 MM
DTC freeze frame data
Time of failure - day 1 31 DD
Time of failure - hour 0 23 Hour
Time of failure _
0 59 min
minute
Time of failure _
0 59 s
second
Driving stage
- -407 215 ℃
temperature
Steering wheel angle - -780 779.9 °
Steering wheel speed - 0 1016 °/s
Steering wheel input
- -15 15 Nm
torque
Motor current - 0 160 A
Mileage - 0 999999 km
Motor output torque - -4.5 4.5 Nm
System running time
- 0 4294967294 ms
after starting
Aging counter 0 65535 -
Extended frame data
Number of failures 0 65535 -

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Electric power steering system 1-314 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
1.13.6.5 List of diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs)
DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. The battery voltage is higher 1. Check the battery voltage

Power supply voltage than 16V 2. Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start it
C160017 again. If the battery voltage is normal, check whether the
too high
DTC disappears. If the DTC is still present, replace the
2. Abrupt load increase or electric power steering gear assembly.
decrease
1. The battery voltage is lower
1. Check the battery voltage
than 9V
Power supply voltage 2. Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start it
C160016 2. The bolt of fuse holder of
too low again. If the battery voltage is normal, check whether the
electric power steering gear
DTC disappears. If the DTC is still present, replace the
assembly is connected
electric power steering gear assembly.
improperly
U007388 Node offline Bus communication failure Check whether the bus communication is normal

Vehicle speed signal 1. The BCS is offline 1. Check whether the communication with BCS is normal
U012987
lost 2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal

Invalid vehicle speed 1. The BCS is faulty 1. Check whether the BCS signal is correct
U041586
signal 2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The BCS is offline 1. Check whether the communication with BCS is normal
U112087 Yaw rate signal lost
2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The BCS is faulty 1. Check whether the BCS signal is correct
U042081 Invalid yaw rate signal
2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal

Wheel speed signal 1. The BCS is offline 1. Check whether the communication with BCS is normal
U112187
lost 2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal

Invalid wheel speed 1. The BCS is faulty 1. Check whether the BCS signal is correct
U101286
signal 2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The intelligent forward 1. Check whether the communication with intelligent
Intelligent forward camera is offline forward camera is normal
U025887
camera signal loss
2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The intelligent forward 1. Check whether the intelligent forward camera signal is
Invalid intelligent camera is faulty correct
U025881
forward camera signal
2. Bus communication failure 2. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The BCM is offline 1. Check whether the communication with BCM is normal
U014087 Key status signal lost 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The BCM is faulty 1. Check whether the BCM signal is correct
Invalid key status
U042281 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
signal
3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The ECM is offline 1. Check whether the communication with ECM is normal
HEV Engine speed
U010087 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
signal
lost 3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. HEV Engine management 1. Check whether the HEV Engine management system
systemis faulty signalis correct
Invalid HEV Engine
U040181
speed 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
signal
3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. HEV Engine management 1. Check whether the communication with HEV Engine
HEV Engine torque systemis offline management system is normal
U100587
signal
lost 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-315 Electric power steering system

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. HEV Engine management 1. Check whether the HEV Engine management
HEV Engine torque systemis faulty systemsignal is correct
U100586
signal 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
invalid 3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. Check whether the communication with TCU is
1. The TCU is offline
normal
U010187 Gear signal lost 2. Central gateway is faulty
2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
3. Bus communication failure
3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The TCU is faulty 1. Check whether the TCU is correct
U040281 Invalid gear signal 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. The GSM is offline 1.Check whether the communication with GSM is normal
U010387 Driving mode signal lost 2. Central gateway is faulty 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
3. Bus communication failure 3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. Check whether the communication with GSM is
1. The GSM is faulty
Invalid driving mode normal
U040481 2. Central gateway is faulty
signal 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
3. Bus communication failure
3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
1. Check whether the steering mode selection signal
1. AV fault
Invalid steering mode transmitted by the ACU is correct
U048581 2. Central gateway is faulty
switching signal 2. Check whether the central gateway works normally
3. Bus communication failure
3. Check whether the bus communication is normal
The vehicle has not been
Vehicle configuration subjected to offline initialization Carry out the offline initialization configuration and select
C167053
failure configuration, and no model the model parameters correctly
parameter is selected

Frequent request failure 1. Wait for a period of time for automatic restoration
Frequent switching of steering
C164700 for steering mode 2. Perform power-on and power-off again for automatic
mode through AVNT
switching restoration

1. The connector involves poor 1. Check the connector for improper or neglected
contact connection
2. Some connectors involve 2. Check whether the harness is intact or connected
neglected connection normally
C161096 Torque sensor fault
3. The harness is disconnected 3. Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start it
or grounded again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If the DTC is
still present, replace the electric power steering gear
4. Poor performance assembly

1. The connector involves poor 1. Check the connector for improper or neglected
contact connection
2. Some connectors involve 2. Check whether the harness is intact or connected
Steering angle sensor neglected connection normally
C161196
fault 3. Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start it
3. The harness is disconnected
or grounded again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If the DTC is
still present, replace the electric power steering gear
4. Poor performance assembly

1. Calibrate the steering angle sensor

1. The steering angle sensor is 2. Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start it
Steering angle sensor not
C161254 not calibrated again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If the DTC is
calibrated
2. The steering angle sensor is still present, replace the electric power steering gear
faulty assembly

The difference between the Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start it
Motor control/assist motor control assist power and again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If the DTC is
C16A096
monitoring failure the expected assist power is still present, replace the electric power steering gear
great assembly

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Electric power steering system 1-316 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

DTC DTC definition Possible causes Recommended action

1. The motor position sensor is Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
faulty it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C161396 Motor position sensor fault
2. The motor position sensor the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
involves poor contact steering gear assembly

1. The drive axle of the control

motor is short-circuited or open-
circuited
2. Motor winding is short- Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
Internal electronic failure of circuited or open-circuited it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C166049
control unit the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
3. The sampling resistor is steering gear assembly
connected improperly
4. The power supply module is
abnormal

Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start

Control unit calibration The calibration parameters it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C167046
parameter invalid imported by the software are the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
invalid steering gear assembly

Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start

The calibration parameters
Control unit calibration it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C167054 imported by the software are not
parameter lost the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
stored successfully.
steering gear assembly
Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
RAM of SCM involves it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C166142 Random access memory failure
read/write check error the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
steering gear assembly
Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
ROM of SCM involves it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C166245 Read-only memory failure
read/write check error the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
steering gear assembly
Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
NVRAM of SCM involves it again. Check whether the DTC disappears.
C166345 NVRAM failure
read/write check error If the DTC is still present, replace the electric
power steering gear assembly
1. Stop steering, wait for about 10 min, and then
check whether steering effort is normal
The temperature of ECU or 2. Power off the vehicle, and then power on and
C16144B System overheat protection
motor is too high start it again. Check whether the DTC disappears.
If the DTC is still present, replace the electric
power steering gear assembly
1. Rack or gear is damaged,
causing Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C168607 Abnormal friction detection steering jam 2. Impurities enter the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
the steering wheel, causing steering gear assembly
excessive system friction
Power off the vehicle, and then power on and start
Worm and gear suffer
it again. Check whether the DTC disappears. If
C168707 Worm and gear attenuation continuous heavy impact,
the DTC is still present, replace the electric power
causing strength decline
steering gear assembly
Abnormal disconnection of The ignition hardwire involves Check whether the ignition hardwire is in good
C160249
hardwire poor contact contact

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-317 Electric power steering system
1.13.6.6 DTC: C160017, C160016…
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C160017 Power supply voltage too high
C160016 Power supply voltage too low
C160249 Abnormal disconnection of hardwire
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.

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Electric power steering system 1-318 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.

No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.

Yes

Step 2 Check the battery.

A Measure the battery voltage.

Standard voltage: 11~14 V
B Confirm whether the voltage is consistent with the
standard value.
No Charge the battery or check the charging
system.
Yes

Step 3 Check EPS ECU fuses EF34 and IF22.

A Check whether the fuses EF34 and IF22 are blown.

No Go to step 5.
Yes

Step 4 Overhaul fuse EF34 and IF22 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF34 and IF22 are

shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current. The fuses
EF34 and IF22 are rated at 80A and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the EPS ECU works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 5 Check EPS ECU power supply circuit.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-319 Electric power steering system

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
Battery power supply B Disconnect EPS ECU harness connectors IP09 and IP17.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of EPS ECU
harness connector IP09 and the body ground.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 5 of the EPS ECU
harness connector IP17 and the body ground.
Standard voltage: 11~14 V
F Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector

No Repair or replace the harness.

IG1 power supply

Yes

Step 6 Check EPS ECU ground circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP09.
C Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP09 and the body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

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Electric power steering system 1-320 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.13.6.7 DTC: U007388
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U007388 Node offline
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-321 Electric power steering system

Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN communication circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Measure the resistance of the circuit between terminal 7
and terminal 6 of EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
Standard resistance: about 60 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the EPS ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the EPS

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.

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Electric power steering system 1-322 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Next

Step 5 End.
1.13.6.8 DTC: U012987, U041586...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U012987 Vehicle speed signal lost
U041586 Invalid vehicle speed signal
U112087 Yaw rate signal lost
U042081 Invalid yaw rate signal
U112187 Wheel speed signal lost
U101286 Invalid wheel speed signal
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

ESPI

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-323 Electric power steering system
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the ESPI.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the DTC of ESPI and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of the
ESPI.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and ESPI.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect the ESPI harness connector FB04
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 21 of the ESPI
harness connector FB04.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of EPS ECU
harness connector IP17 and terminal 7 of ESPI harness
connector FB04x.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Check the CAN data communication
cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

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Electric power steering system 1-324 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

FB04 ESPI harness connector

Yes

Step 4 Check the power and ground wires of the ESPI.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ESPI

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 5 Replace the ESPI.

A Replace the ESPI.

B After replacing the ESPI, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 6 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-325 Electric power steering system
1.13.6.9 DTC: U025887, U025881...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U025887 Intelligent forward camera signal loss
U025881 Invalid intelligent forward camera signal
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

LDW ECU

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.

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Electric power steering system 1-326 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

No The DTC may be triggered by an

intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and LDW ECU.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect LDW ECU harness connector BD104.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 3 of the LDW
ECU harness connector BD104.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 2 of the LDW
ECU harness connector BD104.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

BD104 LDW ECU harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 3 Check the power and ground wires of the LDW ECU.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the LDW

ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the LDW ECU.

A Replace the LDW ECU.

B After replacing the LDW ECU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-327 Electric power steering system

Yes The system is working normally.

No

Step 5 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 6 End.
1.13.6.10 DTC: U014087, U042281
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U014087 Key status signal lost
U042281 Invalid key status signal
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-328 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On
BCM
EPS ECU

GWM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the BCM.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-329 Electric power steering system

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the DTC of BCM and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of BCM.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between BCM and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP01 BCM harness connector
position.
B Disconnect BCM harness connector IP01.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 41 of the BCM
harness connector IP01 and terminal 33 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 42 of the BCM
harness connector IP01 and terminal 13 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 4 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and GWM.

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Electric power steering system 1-330 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 29 of the
gateway ECU harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 9 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Check the power and ground wires of the BCM.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the BCM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 6 Replace the BCM.

A Replace the BCM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the BCM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-331 Electric power steering system

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.13.6.11 DTC: U010087, U040181...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010087 HEV Engine speed signal lost
U040181 Invalid HEV Engine speed signal
U100587 HEV Engine torque signal lost
U100586 HEV Engine torque signal invalid
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-332 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On
ECM
EPS ECU

GWM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the ECM.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-333 Electric power steering system

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the ECM DTC and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of ECM.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between ECM and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

FB46 ECM harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ECM harness connector FB46.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 77 of ECM
harness connector FB46 and terminal 14 of GWM harness
connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 78 of ECM
harness connector FB46 and terminal 34 of GWM harness
connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 4 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and GWM.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-334 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 29 of the
gateway ECU harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 9 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Check the power and ground wires of the ECM.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ECM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 6 Replace the ECM.

A Replace the ECM.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the ECM is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-335 Electric power steering system

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.13.6.12 DTC: U010187, U040281
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010187 Gear signal lost
U040281 Invalid gear signal
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On
7WDCT TCU
EPS ECU

GWM

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-336 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the 7WDCT TCU.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the DTC of 7WDCT TCU and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of the
7WDCT TCU.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between 7WDCT TCU and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

EN55 7WDCT TCU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect 7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 19 of the
7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55 and terminal 14 of
the GWM harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 20 of the
7WDCT TCU harness connector EN55 and terminal 34 of
the GWM harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Check the CAN data communication
cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-337 Electric power steering system

IP19 GWM harness connector

Yes

Step 4 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 29 of the
gateway ECU harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 9 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Check the power and ground wires of the 7WDCT TCU.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-338 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the

7WDCT TCU are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 6 Replace the 7WDCT TCU.

A Replace the 7WDCT TCU.

B After replacing the 7WDCT TCU, verify if the fault is
eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.13.6.13 DTC: U010387, U040481
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U010387 Driving mode signal lost
U040481 Invalid driving mode signal

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-339 Electric power steering system

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On
GSM
EPS ECU

GWM

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the GSM.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-340 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the DTC of GSM and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of the
GSM.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between GSM and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

CN04 GSM harness connector
position.
B Disconnect GSM harness connector CN04.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 9 of the GSM
harness connector CN04 and terminal 14 of the GWM
harness connector IP19 .
E Measure the resistance between terminal 10 of the GSM
harness connector CN04 and terminal 34 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 4 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and GWM.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-341 Electric power steering system

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 29 of the
gateway ECU harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 9 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Check the power and ground wires of the GSM.

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the GSM

are normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 6 Replace the GSM.

A Replace the GSM.

B After replacing the GSM, verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-342 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.13.6.14 DTC: U048581, C164700
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
U048581 Invalid steering mode switching signal
C164700 Frequent request failure for steering mode switching
1. Circuit diagram

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On
ACU
EPS ECU

GWM

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-343 Electric power steering system
2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the ACU.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,read the DTC of the ACU and record it.
C Check whether the relevant DTC is displayed.
Yes Give priority to troubleshooting of the
ACU.
No

Step 3 Check the CAN data communication cable between ACU and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP35 ACU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect ACU harness connector IP35.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 19 of ACU
harness connector IP35 and terminal 13 of GWM harness
connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 20 of ACU
harness connector IP35 and terminal 33 of GWM harness
connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Check the CAN data communication
cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-344 Maintenance Manual of Chassis
IP19 GWM harness connector

Yes

Step 4 Check the CAN data communication cable between EPS ECU and GWM.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP17.
C Disconnect GWM harness connector IP19.
D Measure the resistance between terminal 6 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 29 of the
gateway ECU harness connector IP19.
E Measure the resistance between terminal 7 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP17 and terminal 9 of the GWM
harness connector IP19.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
F Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.

IP19 GWM harness connector

No Check the CAN data communication

cable for possible short circuit, open
circuit and false connection, or replace
the harness.

Yes

Step 5 Check the power and ground wires of the ACU.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-345 Electric power steering system

A Check whether the power and ground wires of the ACU is

normal.
No Repair or replace the harness.
Yes

Step 6 Replace the ACU.

A Replace the ACU.

B Verify if the fault is eliminated after the ACU is replaced.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 7 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 8 End.
1.13.6.15 DTC: C167053
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C167053 Vehicle configuration failure
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-346 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Perform initialization configuration.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-347 Electric power steering system

A Center the steering wheel with the front wheels facing

right ahead.
B Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,and enter the main interface of diagnostic scan
tool.
D Follow the prompts on the diagnostic scan tool screen to
perform the initialization configuration.
E Clear the DTC.
F Read the DTC again.
G Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 4 End.
1.13.6.16 DTC: C161096, C16A096...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C161096 Torque sensor fault
C16A096 Motor control/assist monitoring failure
C161396 Motor position sensor fault
C166049 Internal electronic failure of control unit
C168707 Worm and gear attenuation
C16144B System overheat protection
C168607 Abnormal friction detection

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-348 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check EPS ECU fuses EF34 and IF22.

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Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-349 Electric power steering system

A Check whether the fuses EF34 and IF22 are blown.

No Go to Step 4.
Yes

Step 3 Overhaul fuse EF34 and IF22 circuits.

A Check whether the circuits of fuses EF34 and IF22 are

shorted.
B Repair the circuits and check that no short circuit occurs.
C Replace the fuses with ones of rated current. The fuses
EF34 and IF22 are rated at 80A and 7.5A.
D Confirm whether the EPS ECU works normally.
Yes The system is working normally.
No

Step 4 Check EPS ECU power supply circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
Battery power supply B Disconnect EPS ECU harness connectors IP09 and IP17.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position.
D Measure the voltage between terminal 1 of EPS ECU
harness connector IP09 and the body ground.
E Measure the voltage between terminal 5 of the EPS ECU
harness connector IP17 and the body ground.
Standard voltage: 11~14 V
F Verify if the voltage is consistent with the standard value.

IP17 EPS ECU harness connector

No Repair or replace the harness.

IG1 power supply

Yes

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-350 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

Step 5 Check EPS ECU ground circuit.

A Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to "OFF"

IP09 EPS ECU harness connector
position.
B Disconnect the EPS ECU harness connector IP09.
C Measure the resistance between terminal 2 of the EPS
ECU harness connector IP09 and the body ground.
Standard resistance: less than 1 Ω
D Verify if the resistance is consistent with the standard
value.
No Repair or replace the harness.

Ground

Yes

Step 6 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 7 End.
1.13.6.17 DTC: C161196, C161254
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C161196 Steering angle sensor fault
C161254 Steering angle sensor not calibrated
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-351 Electric power steering system

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Place the HEV Engine START/STOP button in the
“ON”
position, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check steering angular velocity sensor signal.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-352 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Center the steering wheel with the front wheels facing

right ahead.
B Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,and enter the main interface of diagnostic scan
tool.
D Read and record the steering angular velocity sensor
position signal according to the prompts on the diagnostic
scan tool screen.
E Check whether the steering angular velocity sensor
signal is normal.
No Readjust the position of the steering
angular velocity sensor.
Yes

Step 3 Perform the SAS calibration procedure.

A Center the steering wheel with the front wheels facing

right ahead.
B Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,and enter the main interface of diagnostic scan
tool. DFollow the prompts on the diagnostic scan tool
screen to
perform the SAS calibration procedure. E Clear the DTC.
F Read the DTC again.
G Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 4 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 5 End.
1.13.6.18 DTC: C167046, C167054
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C167046 Control unit calibration parameter invalid
C167054 Control unit calibration parameter lost

1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-353 Electric power steering system

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Perform ECU calibration.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-354 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Center the steering wheel with the front wheels facing

right ahead.
B Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.
C Set the HEV Engine START/STOP button to “ON”
position,and enter the main interface of diagnostic scan
tool.
D Follow the prompts on the diagnostic scan tool screen to
perform the ECU calibration.
E Clear the DTC.
F Read the DTC again.
G Check if the same DTC is displayed.
No The system is working normally.
Yes

Step 3 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 4 End.
1.13.6.19 DTC: C166142, C166245...
Diagnostic trouble code DTC definition
C166142 Random access memory failure
C166245 Read-only memory failure
C166345 NVRAM failure
1. Circuit diagram

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-355 Electric power steering system

HEV Instrument
Engine panel PDU
compartm
ent PDU

B+ IG1 On

EPS ECU

Refer to A-CAN
system circuit
diagram

2. Diagnostic procedure
Step 1 Check the DTC status.

A Connect the diagnostic scan tool to OBD DLC.

B Start the vehicle, read the DTC and record it.
C Clear the DTC.
D Read the DTC again.
E Check whether the same DTC is displayed.
No The DTC may be triggered by an
intermittent fault. Check whether there is
any intermittent fault.
Yes

Step 2 Check the power supply and ground circuits of the EPS ECU.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-356 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

A Check whether the power supply and ground circuits of

the EPS ECU are normal.
No Repair or replace harnessor or
connector.
Yes

Step 3 Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

A Replace the electric power steering gear assembly.

B After replacing the electric power steering gear assembly,
verify if the fault is eliminated.
Yes The system is working normally.
Next

Step 4 End.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-357 Electric power steering system
1.13.7 Special tools
1.13.7.1 List of special tools
S/N Pictorial Tool No. Name

Lower swing arm ball joint

1 8910540BAC0000
removal tool

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-358 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.13.8 Removal and installation

1.13.8.1 Removal and installation of outer ball joint of
steering gear
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of the
left outer ball joint of steering gear, and the right outer ball
joint of steering gear may be removed and installed by
reference to left one.
1 Turn the steering wheel to the center position (so that the
wheels are in a straight-line driving position).
2 Remove the left front wheel assembly. Refer to 1.4.3.1
Removal and installation of wheel assembly
3 Removal of outer ball joint of steering gear
a. Mark the position of the lock nut as arrowed on the inner
ball joint of the steering gear. B. Unscrew the lock nut as
arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 60±5 N·m

c. Remove the cotter pin ① of outer ball joint of steering

gear.
Safety instructions:
The cotter pin is a disposable part and shall not be reused
after removal.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-359 Electric power steering system

d. Unscrew the fixing nut between the outer ball joint of

steering gear and the front steering knuckle as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 50±5 N·m

e. Install the front lower control arm ball joint removal tool
① (8910540BAC0000) to press the outer ball joint ② of
steering gear out from the front steering knuckle and
disconnect the outer ball joint.
f. Unscrew the outer ball joint of steering gear ①.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-360 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

1.13.8.2 Removal and installation of inner ball joint of

steering gear
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
inner ball joint of steering gear, and the right inner ball joint
of steering gear may be removed and installed by reference
to left one.
1 Remove the left outer ball joint of steering gear. Refer to
1.13.7.2 Removal and installation of outer ball joint of
steering gear
2 Remove the left steering input shaft dust cover. Refer to
1.13.7.4 Removal and installation of steering input shaft
dust cover
3 Remove the inner ball joint of steering gear
a. Unscrew the inner ball joint of steering gear ① as
arrowed.

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-361 Electric power steering system

1.13.8.3 Removal and installation of steering input shaft

dust cover
Removal procedure
Note:
This section describes the removal and installation of left
steering input shaft dust cover, and the right steering input
shaft dust cover can be removed and installed by reference
to the left one.
1 Remove the left outer ball joint of steering gear. Refer to
1.13.7.2 Removal and installation of outer ball joint of
steering gear
2 Clean the housing and inner ball joint of steering gear
near the dust cover.
3 Unscrew the lock nut for outer ball joint of steering gear.
4 Remove the steering input shaft dust cover
a. Loosen the fixing clamps (arrows A and B) of steering
input shaft dust cover.

b. Remove the steering input shaft dust cover ①.

Installation procedure

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-362 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

The installation procedure is in reverse of removal

procedure, and the following points apply:
-Replace the fixing clamp ② of steering input shaft dust
cover.
-Tighten the fixing clamp ② with clamp pliers ①.
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.

1.13.8.4 Removal and installation of mechanical

steering gear assembly
Removal procedure
1 Remove the left/right front wheel assembly. Refer to
1.4.3.1 Removal and installation of wheel assembly
2 Remove the left/right front wheel mudguard assembly.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC
3 Remove the mechanical steering gear assembly
a. Turn the steering wheel to the center, set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position, and
lock thesteering wheel.
b. Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
c. Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
d. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A) for connecting the
steering column assembly ① and the mechanical steering
gear assembly.
e. Disengage the steering column assembly ① from the
mechanical steering gear assembly in the direction of arrow
B.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 60±5 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-363 Electric power steering system

f. Remove the cotter pin ① of outer ball joint of steering

gear on both sides.
Safety instructions: As a disposable part, the cotter pin
must not be reused once it is removed.

g. Unscrew the fixing nuts for connecting the outer ball joint
of steering gear on both sides to the front steering knuckle
as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 50±5 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-364 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

h. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the outer ball joints of steering
gear ② on both sides out of the front steering knuckle, and
disconnect the outer ball joints.

i. Unscrew the fixing nut as arrowed, and disconnect the

lrft/right front stabilizer bar assembly from the front strut
assembly.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-365 Electric power steering system

j. Unscrew the fixing nuts for connecting the front lower

control arm assembly to the front steering knuckle on both
sides as arrowed.
• Tightening torque of nut: 110±10 N·m

k. Install the lower control arm ball joint removal tool ①

(8910540BAC0000), press the front lower control arm ball
joints ② on both sides out of the front steering knuckle, and
disconnect the ball joints.

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-366 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

l. Disconnect the exhaust pipe suspension cushion I ①

from the front subframe assembly.
m. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow A), and remove the front
subframe front reinforced crossbeam assembly ② . n.
Unscrew the connecting bolt (arrow B) between the front
subframe left/right buffer beam assembly and the front
subframe assembly.
o. Remove the front subframe left/right buffer beam
assembly ③.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 120±10 N·m
Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 120±10 N·m

p. Use the transmission lifting device to support the front

subframe assembly ①.
q. Unscrew the fixing blots (arrows A, B, C) at the rear end
of the front subframe assembly.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 120±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 200±10 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 200±10 N·m

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-367 Electric power steering system

Safety instructions:
Disassembling the front subframe assembly requires the
cooperation of one or two technicians. Note whether other
connectors are involved during the disassembly.
r. Unscrew the fixing bolts as arrowed at the front end of
the front subframe assembly ①.
s. Slowly lower the transmission lifting device and remove
the front subframe assembly with accessory ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt: 200±10 N·m

t. Unscrew the fixing bolt/nut as arrowed and remove the

bolt/nut.
u. Remove the mechanical steering gear assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt/nut: 120±10 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Perform four-wheel alignment after installation. Refer to
1.5.1.5 Operation steps of four-wheel alignment.
1.13.8.5 Removal and installation of steering wheel
assembly
Removal procedure
Note:
The vehicle is equipped with a driver's airbag. During
removal of the steering wheel assembly, please pay
attention to carrying out proper operation.
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)

GAC Motor 2023

Electric power steering system 1-368 Maintenance Manual of Chassis

3 Remove the driver's airbag. Refer to Maintenance Manual

- Electrics (III)
4 Remove steering wheel assembly
a. Turn the steering wheel to the center position (so that the
wheels are in a straight-line driving position).
b. Disconnect steering wheel switch connector (arrow A).
c. Unscrew the fixing bolt (arrow B) and remove the
steering wheel assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow B): 30±3 N·m
Caution
During removal of the steering wheel assembly, pay
attention to the marks on the steering column and steering
wheel assembly.
If there is no mark on the steering column, mark the
steering column with a marker before removing the steering
wheel assembly.
During removal, screw the steering wheel assembly fixing
bolt into the steering column (by 3~4 turns), pull the
steering wheel assembly up along the axial direction of the
steering column, pull it out and then screw out the bolt.
After the steering wheel assembly is removed, do not turn
the clock spring as far as possible.
Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure, and the following points apply:
- Before installation, check whether the clock spring is
centered. If not, adjust it. Refer to Maintenance Manual -
Electrics (III)
- The middle positioning marks of the steering wheel
assembly and steering column must be aligned during
installation of the steering wheel assembly.

GAC Motor 2023

Maintenance Manual of Chassis 1-369 Electric power steering system

1.13.8.6 Removal and installation of steering column

assembly
Removal procedure
1 Turn off all electrical consumers and set the HEV
EngineSTART/STOP button to “OFF” position.
2 Disconnect the negative battery terminal. Refer to
Maintenance Manual - 4A15J2 HEV Engine (I)
3 Remove the steering wheel assembly. Refer to 1.14.5.1
Removal and installation of steering wheel assembly
4 Remove the combination switch and clock spring
assembly. Refer to Maintenance Manual - Electrics (III)
5 Remove the driver side lower guard plate assembly.
Refer to Maintenance Manual - Body, HVAC, Bodywork &
Painting
6 Remove steering column assembly
a. Unscrew the bolt (arrow A) connecting the steering
column assembly and the steering gear.
b. Disengage the steering column assembly ① from the
steering gear in the direction of arrow B.
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow A): 60±6 N ·m

c. Undo the harness fixing clip (arrow A) .

d. Unscrew the fixing nut (arrow B) and bolt (arrow C), and
remove the steering column assembly ①.
• Tightening torque of nut (arrow B): 33±3 N·m
• Tightening torque of bolt (arrow C): 33±3 N·m

Installation procedure
The installation procedure is in reverse of removal
procedure.

GAC Motor 2023