A - Apple, Able, Available, Airplane, Astounded
B - Butterfly, Butter, Bridge, Book, Bookstore
C - Computer, Change, Chance, Choose, Cut, Cook, Car
D - Dinosaur, Divide, Dark, Don’t, DIY(Do It Yourself)
E - Elephant, Easter, East, Erase, Eliminate, Elastic
F - Firefighter, Free, Freedom, Fried, Freeze, Fridge, Fork
G - Guitar, Government, Goal, Greet, Greed, Great
H - Helicopter, Hello, Hawaii, Hero, HTML, Hook
I - Igloo, Iron, Island, Invisible, Irritation, IP
J - Jellyfish, Juice, Joy, Jaundice, Join
K - Kangaroo, Key, Kill, King
L - Lion, Lake, Loop, Late, Lamp, Light, Luck, Live
M - Monkey, Modern, Music, Money, Mountain, Mind, Matter(It doesn’t
matter)
N - Noodle, Nature, News, New, Night, Nose, Number, Name
O - Octopus, Ocean, Onion, Orange, Opportunity, Order
P - Piano (P as in Peter), Person, Place, Play, Pizza, Pocket, Park
Q - Queen, Quick, Quiet, Question
R - Rainbow, Rain, Room, River, Roof
S - Sunflower, Snake, Sun, Sea, Star, Street, School
T - Turtle, Table, Teacher, Time, Tree(Tri, e.g: There is a tree over there),
Three(S-F, e.g: She’s my daughter, she’s three years old.)
U - Umbrella, Uncle, University, Unicorn, Understand, Use
V - Violin, Vacation, Vegetable, Vehicle, Voice, Visit
W - Whale, Where, Water, Window, Weather, World
X - Xylophone, X-ray, Xmas(Christmas)
Y - Yellow, Yes, Yawn
Z - Zebra, Zero, Zoo, Zone
1. AI: Artificial Intelligence
2. AR: Augmented Reality
3. ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode
4. BIOS: Basic Input/Output System
5. Bluetooth: A wireless technology that allows devices to communicate with each
other over short distances.
6. CD: Compact Disc
7. CPU: Central Processing Unit
8. DDR: Double Data Rate
9. DSL: Digital Subscriber Line
10. DVD: Digital Versatile Disc
11. EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
12. Ethernet: A family of wired networking technologies commonly used in local area
networks (LANs) and metropolitan area networks (MANs).
13. FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions
14. FTP: File Transfer Protocol
15. GB: Gigabyte
16. GPU: Graphics Processing Unit
17. GUI: Graphical User Interface
18. HDMI: High-Definition Multimedia Interface
19. HTML: HyperText Markup Language
20. HTTP: HyperText Transfer Protocol
21. IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
22. IP: Internet Protocol
23. ISP: Internet Service Provider
24. JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
25. LAN: Local Area Network
26. LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
27. LED: Light Emitting Diode
28. MB: Megabyte
29. MHz: Megahertz
30. OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode
Symbols:
@: The at symbol is used in email addresses to separate the username from the
domain name. For example, [dirección de correo electrónico eliminada].
&: The ampersand symbol is used to represent the word "and". It is often used in
compound words, such as "bandwidth" and "user interface".
: The backslash symbol is used to escape special characters in file paths and
programming languages. For example, the file path
C:\Users\johndoe\Documents\myfile.txt would use backslashes to escape the spaces in
the filename.
|: The pipe symbol is used to represent the word "or". It is often used in compound
expressions, such as "on or off" and "left or right".
#: The hash symbol is used for a variety of purposes, including indicating comments in
programming languages, creating hashtags on social media, and representing musical
sharps.
$: The dollar sign is used to represent currency. It is often used in front of numerical
values to indicate that they are in a specific currency, such as "$100" for US dollars.
%: The percent sign is used to represent a percentage. It is often used after a numerical
value to indicate that it is a percentage of something, such as "50%" for half.
^: The caret symbol is used for a variety of purposes, including exponentiation in
mathematics and representing the logical NOT operator in programming languages.
*: The asterisk symbol is used for a variety of purposes, including representing
wildcards in file searches and denoting multiplication in mathematics.
( ) : Parentheses are used to group expressions in mathematics and programming
languages.
{ } : Braces are used to group blocks of code in programming languages and to
represent sets in mathematics.
[ ] : Square brackets are used to represent arrays in programming languages and to
denote optional parts of expressions in regular expressions.
< > : Angle brackets are used to represent comparisons in mathematics and
programming languages. For example, the expression < compares two values to see if
the first one is less than the second one.
= : The equal sign is used to represent equality in mathematics and programming
languages.
+ : The plus sign is used to represent addition in mathematics and programming
languages.
- : The minus sign is used to represent subtraction in mathematics and programming
languages.
** : The forward slash symbol is used to represent division in mathematics and
programming languages.
! : The exclamation mark is used to represent the logical NOT operator in programming
languages.
E.g: Don’t(do not) do that!
? : The question mark is used to represent the logical OR operator in programming
languages and to denote wildcards in file searches.
E.g: How are you?
. : The period symbol is used to separate decimal places in numbers and to represent
the end of a sentence.
, : The comma symbol is used to separate items in a list and to denote a pause in a
sentence.
Subject pronouns
Subject pronouns are used to replace the noun that is performing the action of the verb.
They are used at the beginning of a clause or sentence.
● Yo/I: I am going to the store./ Estoy yendo a la tienda
● Tú-Usted/You: You are my best friend./Eres mi mejor amigo/amiga
● Él/He: He is tall./Él es alto
● Ella/She: She is a doctor./Ella es una doctora
● Objeto o cosa/It: It is raining outside./Está lloviendo afuera
● Nosotros/We: We are going on vacation./Vamos de vacaciones
● Ustedes/You: You are all invited to the party./Todos ustedes están invitados a la
fiesta
● Ellos/They: They are coming over for dinner./Ellos vienen para la cena.
Object pronouns
Object pronouns are used to replace the noun that is the direct object or indirect object
of the verb. They are used after the verb or a preposition.
● Me: She saw me at the park./Ella me vio en el parque
● You: I gave you a present./Te di un regalo
● Him: My brother works with him./Mi hermano trabaja con él
● Her: I talked to her on the phone./Hablé con ella por teléfono
● It: I dropped it on the floor./Lo tiré-se me cayó al suelo.
● Us: The teacher invited us to her office./La profesora nos invitó a su oficina.
● You: I will see you tomorrow./Los veré mañana.
● Them: I will call them later./Los llamaré después.
Possessive pronouns
Possessive pronouns show ownership of something. They are used before a noun or a
gerund.
● My: This is my book./Este es mi libro.
● Your: I like your hat./Me gusta tu sombrero.
● His: He has a new car./Él tiene un carro nuevo.
● Her: She is my sister./Ella es mi hermana.
● Its: The dog wagged its tail./El perro movió su cola.
● Our: We live in a big house./Vivimos en una casa grande.
● Your: You have beautiful eyes./Tienen unos hermosos ojos.
● Their: Their cat is named Felix and their dog Sancho.
Fill in the Blanks:
1. The computer is a versatile tool that can be used for a variety of tasks, including
working on documents, browsing the internet, and playing games.
2. The internet is a vast network of computers that connects people from all over
the world. It provides access to a wealth of information and resources, including
news, social media, and educational materials.
3. Software is a set of instructions that tells a computer how to perform specific
tasks. There are many different types of software, such as word processors,
spreadsheets, and graphics programs.
4. Hardware is the physical components of a computer, such as the central
processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and hard disk drive.
5. A network is a group of computers and devices that are connected together so
that they can share information and resources. Networks can be small, such as a
home network, or large, such as the internet.
6. A search engine is a software program that helps users find information on the
internet by indexing websites and returning relevant results.
7. Cold storage refers to storing data on remote servers accessed over the internet
instead of on a local device.
8. Digital currency is a form of currency that exists only in electronic form and is not
regulated by a central bank.
9. Virtual reality (VR) is a computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional
environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a
person using special electronic equipment, such as a headset with a screen
inside or gloves fitted with sensors.
10. Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive technology that superimposes a
computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, thus providing a
composite view.
11. Backup is a copy of data that can be used to restore the original data if it is lost
or damaged
12. Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain personal information such as
usernames, passwords, and credit card details by disguising oneself as a
trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.
13. Malware is any software program that is designed to damage or disable a
computer system
14. Application (app) is a piece of software designed to perform a specific task on a
computer, smartphone, or other electronic device.
Topics:
1. The Impact of Social Media on Communication and Relationships(positive and
negative impacts…)
2. The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Shaping the Future(ethical considerations,
areas of advancement in Artificial Intelligence…)
3. Cybersecurity Threats and the Importance of Data Protection(Types of cyber threats,
Importance of data protection, Strategies for data protection…)
1 page, using 2 acronyms at least
The Parts of Speech in English
The parts of speech are the building blocks of sentences in English. They categorize
words based on their function and meaning within a sentence.
1. Nouns (sustantivos):
● Definition: Nouns are words that name people, places, things, ideas, or feelings.
● Examples: cat, house, happiness, freedom, justice
2. Verbs (verbos):
● Definition: Verbs express actions, states of being, or occurrences.
● Examples: run, sleep, think, be, happen
3. Adjectives (adjetivos):
● Definition: Adjectives describe or modify nouns or pronouns, telling us more
about them.
● Examples: big, beautiful, interesting, difficult, happy
4. Adverbs (adverbios):
● Definition: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They tell us how,
when, where, or to what extent something happens.
● Examples: slowly (modifies verb "walk")(He walks slowly), very (modifies
adjective "happy")(I’m very happy), always (modifies verb "eat") (They always eat
at 7 o’clock)
5. Pronouns (pronombres):
● Definition: Pronouns take the place of nouns to avoid repetition.
● Examples: I, you, he/she/it, we, they
6. Prepositions (preposiciones):
● Definition: Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and
another word in the sentence. They indicate location, direction, or time.
● Examples: in (house), on (table), at (night), to (school), by (bus)
7. Conjunctions (conjunciones):
● Definition: Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses to create compound or
complex sentences.
● Examples: and (bread and butter), but (I came, but he left), or (coffee or tea)
8. Interjections (interjecciones):
● Definition: Interjections are words or phrases that express sudden emotions or
feelings. They stand alone and are not grammatically connected to the rest of the
sentence.
● Examples: Wow!, Ouch!, Oh no!
1. Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming industries.
2. Social media platforms connect people from all over the world.
3. Cybersecurity is crucial for protecting data and systems from cyberattacks.
4. E-commerce has made it easier than ever to shop online.
5. Data is the new currency in the digital age.
6. Cloud computing provides businesses with flexible and scalable IT solutions.
7. Virtual reality and augmented reality are changing the way we experience the
world.
8. Digital transformation (noun) is the process of using technology to create new or
improve existing business processes.
9. The internet of things (noun) is connecting devices and appliances, creating a
smart and interconnected world.
10. The smartphone (noun) has revolutionized the way we communicate.
____________________________________________________________________________
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impacts-digital-transformation-society-2022-tecxar/
Read the article and answer the following questions:
Group 1:
1. What is the main idea of digital transformation according to the text?
2. Consider the ethical implications of digital transformation. How can organizations ensure
that their digital practices align with ethical principles and safeguard individual privacy
and data security?
3. In your own words, how will digital transformation impact the way businesses design and
launch new products?
Group 2:
1. The text describes how digital transformation affects our everyday lives. Can you identify
two ways it has changed the way we shop according to the passage?
2. How can digital transformation potentially increase business productivity?
3. The passage mentions digital transformation is a journey, not a one-time event. Can you
explain why this might be true?
Group 3:
1. What are some of the challenges that organizations face with digital transformation?
2. How might digital transformation change the way we work together in the future?
3. The passage concludes by suggesting the world will become more connected. How this
interconnectedness might impact communication and cultural exchange?
To Be
The verb "to be" is a special verb used to link the subject of a sentence to a
description or state of being. It doesn't show an action, but rather a condition.
Subject pronouns are words that take the place of nouns (people, places, or
things) and act as the subject of the sentence.
Here's how they work together in tech-related sentences:
Subject Pronouns:
● Singular:
○ I (first person)
○ You (second person)
○ He (third person, masculine)
○ She (third person, feminine)
○ It (third person, singular for objects or non-gendered)
● Plural:
○ We (first person)
○ You (second person)
○ They (third person, plural)
The Verb "To Be":
The verb "to be" has different forms depending on the subject pronoun and tense
(past, present, future).
● Present Tense:
○ I am (singular)
○ You are (singular and plural)
○ He/She/It is (singular)
○ We/They are (plural)
● Past Tense:
○ I was (singular)
○ You were (singular and plural)
○ He/She/It was (singular)
○ We/They were (plural)
● Future Tense:
○ I will be (singular)
○ You will be (singular and plural)
○ He/She/It will be (singular)
○ They/We will be (plural)
● Negative:
○ I am not (Present)
○ I was not (Past)
○ I will not be (Future)
○ You are not (Present)
○ You were not (Past)
○ You will not be (Future)
○ He/She/It is not (Present)
○ He/She/It was not (Past)
○ He/She/It will not be (Future)
○ They/We are not (Present)
○ They/We were not (Past)
○ They/We will not be (Future)
● Interrogative:
○ Am I? (Present)
○ Was I? (Past)
○ Will I? (Future)
○ Are you? (Present)
○ Were you? (Past)
○ Will you? (Future)
○ Is He/She/It? (Present)
○ Was He/She/It? (Past)
○ Will He/She/It? (Future)
○ Are They/We? (Present)
○ Were They/We? (Past)
○ Will They/We? (Future)
Verb tenses in English are used to indicate when the action expressed by the
verb takes place. The three main verb tenses are the present, past, and future.
Present Simple
The present simple is used to talk about actions or habits that occur in the present,
general facts, or universal truths.
Structure:
Subject + verb (base form) for affirmative sentences.
Subject + Auxiliary do/does + not + verb (base form) for negative sentences.
Do/does + subject + verb (base form)? for interrogative sentences.
Examples:
● Affirmative: I speak English.
● Negative: She doesn't like programming.
● Interrogative: Do you understand the code?
Past Simple
The past simple is used to talk about actions or events that happened at a specific time
in the past.
Structure:
● Subject + verb (past form) for affirmative sentences.
● Subject + Auxiliary did + not + verb (base) for negative sentences.
● Did + subject + verb? for interrogative sentences.
Examples:
● Affirmative: I watched a movie last night.
● Negative: They didn't attend the conference.
● Interrogative: Did you finish the project on time?
Future Simple
The future simple is used to talk about actions or events that will happen in the future.
Structure:
● Subject + will + verb (base form) for affirmative sentences.
● Subject + sill not (won't) + verb (base form) for negative sentences.
● Will + subject + verb (base form)? for interrogative sentences.
Examples:
● Affirmative: I will meet you at the café tomorrow.
● Negative: They won't be able to come to the party.
● Interrogative: Will it rain on the weekend?
Irregular Verbs
There are some exceptions to the rule of forming English verb tenses, especially with
irregular verbs. These verbs do not follow the general rule of adding -ed for the past
simple. It is necessary to memorize the irregular forms of these verbs to use them
correctly.
Example:
● Regular verb: Play (present) - played (past simple) - playing (present
continuous)
● Irregular verb: Go (present) - went (past simple) - going (present continuous)
Present Tense Examples:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I use various programming I don't know how to code in Do I need to learn a new
languages to develop every programming programming language for
software applications. language. this project?
You work as a network You aren't responsible for Do you have experience in
administrator, maintaining hardware repairs. cloud computing?
computer networks.
She designs user interfaces He doesn’t belong to this Does it use design software
for websites and mobile apps. project. like Figma or Sketch?
We analyze data to extract We don’t always agree on Do we have enough time to
valuable insights for the best approach to an complete the project before
businesses. issue. the deadline?
They collaborate with other They don’t have access to Do they have a plan to
tech professionals to solve all the necessary information. address the security
complex problems. vulnerabilities?
Past Tense Examples:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I developed a mobile app for I didn’t meet the deadline for Did I successfully complete
a local business the project due to unexpected the coding task?
technical issues.
You managed the IT You weren’t able to attend Did you back up the
infrastructure for a large the tech conference because important data files?
corporation. of travel restrictions.
She troubleshooted network He didn’t have enough time Did she update the software
issues and resolved user to thoroughly test the to the latest version?
problems. software before deployment.
We analyzed data from We didn’t agree on the best Did we identify the root
various sources to identify approach to solving the cause of the system outage?
trends and patterns. problem.
They implemented new They didn’t anticipate the Did they contact the vendor
security measures to protect high volume of traffic on the for technical support?
the company’s data. website.
Future Tense Examples:
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I will attend the upcoming I will not be able to work on Will I be able to finish the
tech conference about new the project over the weekend task before the meeting?
trends and innovations. due to personal
commitments.
You will be responsible for You won’t have access to Will you be able to
leading the development of the server during troubleshoot the network
the new software project. maintenance hours. issue remotely?
She will present her She won’t be able to Will she be able to create a
research findings at the complete the design task on user-friendly interface for the
artificial intelligence time without additional app?
symposium. resources.
We will collaborate with We won’t be able to meet the Will we be able to migrate
other teams to ensure the deadline unless we receive the data to the new cloud
successful implementation of additional funding. platform without any
the new system. disruption?
They will be conducting a They won’t be able to Will they be able to develop
security audit to identify and release the new product until a new algorithm to improve
address potential they have resolved all the the accuracy of the machine
vulnerabilities. bugs. learning model?
Complete the sentences with the proper form of the “to be” verb and subject pronoun.
1. The software engineer is responsible for developing the new app. (Present)
2. Are you the one who designed the website?
3. The hacker was(singular) able to breach the company's security system. (Past)
4. We were (plural) not able to attend the training session due to scheduling conflicts.
(Past)
5. The new software was not released on time. (Past)
6. Were you the one who reported the bug? (Past)
7. I will be attending the industry event next month. (Future)
8. You will be responsible for leading the project. (Future)
9. They will be able to provide 24/7 customer support. (Future)
10. Will the new data center be built by the end of the year? (Future)
I, He/She/It, You, We, They - will / will be (Future Tense)
You are going to be responsible for leading the project. (Present Continuous/Gerund)
I - was - am
He/She/It - was - is
You - were - are
We - were - are
They - were - are
https://www.developmentaid.org/news-stream/post/173022/technology-impact-on-employ
ment
- Group 1 - 2
https://www.generation.org/news/how-tech-jobs-foster-economic-development/
https://www.factsuite.com/blog/negative-impact-of-technology-in-the-workplace
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-work-ethics-due-tech-transformation-workplace-c
odalien/
https://www.telefonica.com/en/communication-room/blog/how-technology-affect-environ
ment/ - Group 3
Grupo 1: Economic and social benefits of technological jobs.
Grupo 2: Negative aspects of technological jobs in the workplace.
Grupo 3: Environmental and ethical impact of technological jobs.
Prepositions
Prepositions are small words that connect nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words in a
sentence. They show relationships of space, time, direction, and other concepts. Some common
prepositions include in, on, at, for, from, by, with, and over.
In:
Position: Use "in" to indicate that something is located or included within something else.
Examples:
● The book is in the bag.
● I live in a small town.
● The words are written in blue ink.
Time: Use "in" to refer to a specific period of time, such as a month, year, or century.
Examples:
● I was born in 1980.
● The meeting will be held in October.
● The company was founded in the 20th century.
Other uses: Use "in" for other expressions, such as "in order to," "in spite of," and "in addition
to."
Examples:
● I went to the gym in order to stay healthy.
● In spite of the rain, we had a picnic.
● She bought a new dress in addition to the shoes.
On:
Position: Use "on" to indicate that something is placed or situated on top of something else.
Examples:
● The cat is sitting on the mat.
● The key is on the table.
● I put the picture on the wall.
Time: Use "on" to refer to specific days or at a particular time during the day.
Examples:
● The store is closed on Sundays.
● I will see you on Monday.
Other uses: Use "on" for expressions like "on fire," "on purpose," and "on TV."
Examples:
● The house was on fire.
● She did it on purpose.
● The game will be broadcast on TV.
From:
Origin: Use "from" to indicate the starting point or source of something.
Examples:
● The gift is from my friend.
● I come from a small town.
● The email is from the boss.
Change: Use "from" to show a change or transition from one state to another.
Examples:
● The company is evolving from a startup to a large corporation.
● It transformed from a caterpillar into a butterfly.
Distance: Use "from" to express separation or a starting point in terms of distance.
Examples:
● I live 10 miles from the beach.
● The car is parked from the house.
● She stood from a distance and watched the sunset.
To:
Direction: Use "to" to indicate the destination or endpoint of movement or action.
Examples:
● I am going to the store.
● She sent the letter to her friend.
● The bus is going to the airport.
Purpose: Use "to" to express the purpose or reason for doing something.
Examples:
● I study to become a doctor.
● She went to the library to find a book.
● We use a calculator to solve math problems.
Time: Use "to" to refer to a specific point in time up until a certain point.
Examples:
● I will work from 9 am to 5 pm.
● The store is open from Monday to Friday.
● The party will last from 7 pm to 10 pm.
Over:
Position: Use "over" to indicate that something is located above or covering something else.
Examples:
● The plane is flying over the city.
● The blanket is over the bed.
● She put a hat over her hair.
Extension: Use "over" to express something that continues beyond a certain limit or period.
Examples:
● I worked overtime to finish the project.
● The meeting went over an hour.
● The cost is over the budget.
Completion: Use "over" to show that something is finished or completed.
Examples:
● The meeting is finally over.
● The project is over budget and behind schedule.
● Are you over your cold yet?
As:
Function: Use "as" to indicate a role, function, or capacity.
Examples:
● She works as a software engineer.
● He is known as a brilliant inventor.
● The program can be used as a video editor.
Comparison: Use "as" in comparisons to show similarity or equality.
Examples:
● The phone is just as expensive as the computer.
● She is not as tall as her brother.
● This solution is not as effective as we hoped.
With:
Accompaniment: Use "with" to indicate someone or something that is present with another
person or thing.
Examples:
● I went to the movies with my friend.
● She is working with a team of engineers.
● The coffee tastes good with milk.
Instrument: Use “with” to show the instrument or tool used for an action.
Examples:
● I wrote the letter with a pen.
● He painted the picture with watercolors.
● She cut the cake with a knife.
By:
Agent: Use "by" to indicate the person or thing that performs an action.
Examples:
● The book was written by a famous author.
● The painting was created by Leonardo da Vinci.
● The problem was solved by the team.
Time: Use "by" to refer to a specific point in time as a deadline.
Examples:
● I need to finish the report by tomorrow.
● The application deadline is by June 1st.
● Please be here by 5 pm.
Means: Use "by" to express the way or means something is done.
Examples:
● She traveled to Europe by train.
● The message was sent by email.
● The problem can be solved by adding more resources.
Space: Prepositions can be used to describe the spatial relationship between two things. For
example, you can say "The phone is on the table" or "The cat is under the bed."
Time: Prepositions can also be used to describe the temporal relationship between two events.
For example, you can say "I will see you at 8 o'clock" or "She has been working here for two
years."
Other uses: Use "in" for other expressions, such as "in order to," "in spite of," and "in addition
to."
In addition to space and time, prepositions can also be used to express other concepts, such as
direction, manner, and cause. For example, you can say "I am going to the store" or "They did it
with a smile."
● The laptop is on the desk.
● I downloaded the app from the App Store.
● He is talking to his friend on the phone.
● The data was sent over the internet.
● She is working as a software engineer.
● I downloaded the music from a website.
● The company is developing a new app for smartphones.
● The data was stored in the cloud.
● The software is compatible with most operating systems.
● The website is designed for easy navigation.
Group 1:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/future-automation-its-impact-society-khushhal-chaudhar
y/
Group 2:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-ai-changing-way-we-interact-society-riz-f-a1q7c/
Group 3:
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/impact-internet-privacy-personal-information-priyanka-ahuja/