SUBMITTED TO: MAM GUL-RANA

SUBMITTED BY: KAIYNAT BIBI

ROLL NO : E12-2225
DEPARTMENT:
BS.ENGLISH
COURSE: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
TITLE: AIR POLLUTION
SUBMISSION
DATE:30-6-2024

1
 TABLE
OF meaning
1.Pollution
2.Pollution
CONTEN
definition
3.What are
pollutants
4.Types of
T 5.Air
pollutants
pollution
definition of air
6.Sources
pollution
1.Natural resources
2.Human made
resources
7.Air pollution
indicators
8.Types of air
pollution
9.Causes of air
pollution
1.Burning of fossil
fuels
2.Agricultural
activities
3.Domestic use
4.Mining

Conclu
sion
Reference
s

2
 POLLUTIO
NMEANI
NG: It means the
 DEFINITION:
introduction of
harmful
Any general
materials.
which is harmful degradation in is called pollution.
for living things
composition of
POLLUTANTS: atmosphere
Any thing that
TYPES OF pollutes the air are
called pollutants.
1.Primary
POLLUTAN
pollutants
2.Secondary
T:
 PRIMA
pollutants

RY Primary
atmosphere, e.g: oxidespollutants
of sulphur.
POLLUT directly enter
 SECON
ANTS: into air and
Secondary
DARY damage
they react with other substances.
pollutants
POLLUT
MAJOR introduce into
atmosphere then
ANTS:
POLLUTANTS: It include oxides of sulphur,
Oxides of carbon, ozone oxidesoxides of nitrogen
and carbon
monoxide.

3
 AIR
DEFINITION:
POLLUTIO
N Air pollution is the
environment bycontamination of
any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies
the natural indoor and outdoor
DEFINIT of
characteristics
atmosphere.
ION NO The contimination of air by
2: affects harmful gases, dust and
which
smoke
 DEFINIT
plants, animals
and humans
ION NO Air pollution
odor get into the occurs when
3: gases, dust,
air and make it
SOURCES
unclean. OF AIRsmoke or
1.NATURAL SOURCES:
POLLUTION:
Naturally occuring particulate
matter(pm)
includes dust from earth surface, sea salt in coastal areas and biological
material in form of pollen, spores and animal debris.For example: etna
volcano emits 3,000 tons of sulphur dioxide on an average day and up to
10,000 tons during periods of great activity.

2-HUMAN-MADE SOURCES:
In urban areas, most air pollution comes
from human made sources. Such sources can be classi-field as either
mobile(cars,
4 trucks, airplanes,marines, engines) or point source( factories
electric power plants).
 AIR
A-SULPHUR DIOXIDE:
POLLUTIO
In France about 85 percent of
N
of sulphur containingsulphur come( from
fossil fuels use
fuel oil and coal). These emissions are
INDICATO
released into the atmosphere by petroleum refining ( 24 percent of
emissions in mainland France in 2002).
RS
B-NITROGEN OXIDES:
In 2002, road traffic was
responsible
releasing 48 percent of NOx emissions for
in mainland France followed by
agriculture,foresty, the manufacturing industry and energy transformation.

C-PARTICULATE MATTER:
PM is complex mixture of solid particles
and liquid droplets suspended in the air that vary in size, composition
and concentration. Pm is usefully classified by size. PM with a mass
median aerody-namic diameter<10m can stay in air for minutes or
hours and can travel as little as 100 yards or as much as 30 miles , while
fine particles are lighter and stay in air for days and weeks and travel
farther.

D-OZONE:
Most ozone
comes from
vehicular traffic
E-CARBON MONOXIDE:
during summer
time. CO is a gas that comes from incomplete
combustion.
5 In 2002 34% of co emissions in mainland France were generated
by road traffic. The manufacturing industries and the residental /tertiary
sectors both come in second position contributing 26 percent of
 emissions.

F-
VOLATILE The number of VOCS is huge and a lists is available
on the web. Emissions from burning coal , oil and evaporations at gasoline
ORGANIC
service stations , and from solvents, cleansers and paints, all contribute to
COMPOUN
the baseline levels of different VOCS in outdoor air . some VOCS are
released from tobacco smoke. The three main sources of VOCS are road
an

DS: of non .methane VOC emissions in mainland france in 2002),

traffic(24%
domestic or industrial use of painting varnish and glue ,and evaporation of
hydrocarbons.
mines, and transportation release
G-LEAD:
Lead is
generated
emissions in mainland France .
by the
TYPES OFmanufacturi
AIR
POLLUTION:
 INDOOR
ng industryAIR
(70%of lead
Indoor air pollution is caused by
POLLUTION:
fuel sources –such as firewood , cropsolid
waste and dung for cooking and
burning
heating.Burning such fuels, particularly in poor households, results in air
pollution that leads to respiratoy diseases,which can result in permature
death.

 OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTION:

Outdoor air pollution is often referred to
ambient air. The common sources of outdoor air pollution are emissions
caused by combustion processes from motor vehicles, solid fuel burning
6
and industry.
  INDUSTRIAL AIR
POLLUTION:
Industrial air pollution is when
factories, mines and transport
release harmful substances
into
the air. These pollutants can
cause
cancers, decreased lung fucation
and asthma. They can also harm the environment,leading to things like
acid rain and climate change.

 CHEMICAL AIR POLLUTION:

It is created when pollutants emitted by
cars,refiners,
Plants, industrial boilers, power and other sources chemically react in
presence of sunlight.

CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION

 BURNING OF FOSSIL
FUELS: The combustion of fossil fuels emits a large
amount of sulphur dioxide. Carbon monoxide released by incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels also result in air pollution.

 AUTOMOBILES:
The gases emitted from
vehicles
Trucks, cars, buses etc. pollute such as jeeps,These are the major
the environment.
sources of green house gases and also result in diseases among
individuals.
7
 AIR POLLUTION
EXPLANATION THROUGH
PICTURES

8
  AGRICU
Ammmonia is one of the most hazardous
LTURAL gases activities. The insecticides , pesticides
gases emitted during agricultural
andACTIVIT
fertilisers emit harmful chemicals in the atmosphere and
contamiminate it.
IES:
 FACTORIES AND INDUSTRIES:
In the miming process the minerals
below the earth are ectracted using large pieces of euipment. The dust
and chemicals released during the process not only pollute the air, but also
deteriorate the health of workers and people living in the nearby areas.
 DOMESTIC SOURCES:
The household cleaning products
Contain toxic chemicals thatandare paints
released in the air. The smell from newly
painted walls is the smell of chemicals present in the paints. It not only
pollutes the air but also affects the breathing.
CONCLUSION:
Overall, pollution
Measures can beeffects
taken our
to control it.
environment
REFERENCE: badly,therefore
 I have
collected my
 https// byjus.com
material from
https//
britincia. com
9
SUBMITTED TO : MAM GUL-RANA
SUBMITTED BY:ALIA JADOON
ROLL NO: E12-2226
DEPARTMENT: BS.
ENGLISH
SEMESTER:5
COURSE: ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY
TITLE: EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
SUBMISSION DATE: 30-6-2024

10
 EFFECTS
OF AIR
 DISEASES:
POLLUTIOAir pollution
has resulted
heart diseases among in
humans.The cases of lung cancer have increased in
N:few decades.Children
last several living near polluted areas are more prone to
pneumonia and respiratory
asthma. Many people die every year due to direct and
disorders
indirect effects of and
air pollution.
 GLOBAL WARMING:
Due to the emission of
greenhouse
imbalance in the gaseous gases,ofthere
composition is air.This
of the an has led to an
increase in temperature of the earth. The increase in earth temperature
is known as global warming.This has resulted in the melting of glaciers
and an increase in sea levels. Many areas are submerged underwater.

 ACID RAIN:
The burning of
fossiloxidesand
gases such as nitrogen fuels sulphur oxides in the air. The water
releases
droplets combine with theseharmful
pollutants, become acidic which damages
human,animal andgases
plant such
life. as
 OZONE LAYER DEPLETION:
The release of
And hydrofluorocarbons in thechlorofluorocarbons,halons,
atmosphere is the major cause of depletion
of the ozone layer.The depleting ozone layer does not prevent the harmful
ultraviolet rays coming from sun and causes skin diseases.
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 EFFECT
S ON The air pollutants suspend in the
water
and affect aquatic life.Pollution alsobodies
compels the animals to leave their
ANIMA
habitat and shift toa new place. This renders them stray and has also led
toLS:
large number of animal species.

REFERENCE:
I collected
mywikipedia.
ohttps// material com
from:
ohttps//www.niehs.nih >gov>agents.com

12
 POLLUTIO
NMEANING:
It means the
introduction of
DEFINITIOharmful
Any general degradation in composition of atmosphere which
N:
is harmful for
substances .

living things.
POLLUTANTS:
Anything that

TYPES OF pollutes the air

are called
1.Primary pollutant
POLLUTAN pollutants.
2.Secondary
T: pollutant
PRIMARY
Primary pollutants directly enter in
POLLUTAN
atmosphere ,e.g: oxides of sulphur.
air and damage
TS:
SECONDARY
POLLUTANTS:Secondary pollutants introduce in
atmosphere then they
react with other substances, e.g: when smoke and fog combines they form
smoge which is harmful for human health.

MAJOR POLLUTANTS:
It include oxides of sulphur,
Oxides of carbon, oxides of nitrogen,
ozone oxides and
carbon
monoxide.
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