‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫‪ ‬ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ رﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ)ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه (‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪Circuit Breakers‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺪار ﺷﮑﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻫﺎدﯾﻬﺎ و ﮐﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ زﻣﯿﻦ ﭘﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

Typical Short-Circuit Type

Distribution

Single-Phase-Ground: 70–80%
Phase-Phase-Ground: 17–10%
Phase-Phase: 10–8%
Three-Phase: 3–2%

‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (22)

 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(3‬‬

‫)‪3‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(44‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫اﺛﺮ ژﻧﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮑﺮون ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(55‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫اﺛﺮ ژﻧﺮاﺗﻮرﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﮑﺮون ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫ﮔﺬرا‪I :‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن زﯾﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮔﺬرا‪I :‬‬
‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر‪I :‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(66‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫‪ANSI/ IEEE Standards C37 and IEC 6090‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻧﻮاع ﺟﺮﯾﺎن اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺳﯿﮑﻞ اول ﯾﺎ آﻧﯽ ) وﺳﺎﯾﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي() ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮم ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ‪ –DC‬راﮐﺘﺎﻧﺲ زﯾﺮ ﮔﺬرا(‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﭘﯿﮏ )ﻣﺎﮐﺰﯾﻤﻢ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺧﻄﺎ در ﺳﯿﮑﻞ اول )ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن((‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻗﻄﻊ )رﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺪارﺷﮑﻦ ﻫﺎ( )‪ 3‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 5‬ﺳﯿﮑﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ از وﻗﻮع ﺧﻄﺎ‪ -‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮم ‪–DC‬ﺗﺮم ‪ ac‬ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ(‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎر ) ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 6‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﺳﯿﮑﻞ‪ -‬ﺗﺮم ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯿﺮا ﺷﺪه‪ -‬راﮐﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﺬرا (‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫در ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ رﻟﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ﻗﻄﻊ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯿﺸﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(77‬‬

 ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت اﺗﺼﺎل ﮐﻮﺗﺎه‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(88‬‬

 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫‪Current Transformer‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮر ﺟﺮﯾﺎن‬

‫‪ ‬ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻗﺪرت ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﯾﺎ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اﯾﺰوﻟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن ﻣﺪار ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ از اوﻟﯿﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫)‪(99‬‬

 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫‪Very High Voltage CT‬‬

‫‪Medium-Voltage CT‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(10‬‬

‫)‪10‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(11‬‬

‫)‪11‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(12‬‬

‫)‪12‬‬
 ‫ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬:‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

Hall Effect Current Transformer

In this case the sensing element is a semiconducting wafer that is
placed in the gap of a magnetic concentrating ring.

This allows very accurate current measurements in both dc and high-

frequency applications.

‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (13

13)
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫‪Rogowski Coils‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(14‬‬

‫)‪14‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(15‬‬

‫)‪15‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(16‬‬

‫)‪16‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(17‬‬

‫)‪17‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(18‬‬

‫)‪18‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫‪B‬‬
‫‪Protection‬‬
‫‪C.T.‬‬

‫‪Measuring‬‬
‫‪C.T.‬‬
‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(19‬‬
‫)‪19‬‬ ‫‪H‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(20‬‬

‫)‪20‬‬
 ‫ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬:‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

Knee-Point Voltage Definition

IEEE CT standards prefer to use log- log
+10% Vk scales, defining the Knee point as the
Exciting Voltage (VS)

Vk excitation voltage at which the gradient of

the curve is 45o. The voltage found by this
+50% Iek definition is typically 5 to 10% different to
the point on the excitation curve found by
the IEC definition.

Iek
Exciting Current (Ie)
IEC 60044-1

‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (21

21)
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(22‬‬

‫)‪22‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(23‬‬

‫)‪23‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(24‬‬

‫)‪24‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(25‬‬

‫)‪25‬‬
 ‫ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬:‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

Class “P” IEC 60044-1 ‫ﮐﻼس دﻗت ﺑر اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

Specified in terms of :-
i) Rated burden
ii) Class (5P or 10P)
iii) Accuracy limit factor (A.L.F.)
Example :-
15 VA 10P 20 Accuracy Limit Factor - A.L.F.
(or Saturation Factor)
To convert VA and A.L.F. into useful volts
Ratio of :-
Vuseful  VA x ALF IPRIMARY : IRATED
IN
up to which the C.T. rated accuracy is maintained.

e.g. 200 / 1A C.T. with an A.L.F. = 5 will

maintain its accuracy for
IPRIMARY < 5 x 200 = 1000 Amps
‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (26
26)
 ‫ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬:‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

IEC 60044-1 ‫ﮐﻼس دﻗت ﺑر اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

Classes :- 5P, 10P. ‘X’
Designation (Classes 5P, 10P)
(Rated VA) (Class) (ALF)

Multiple of rated current (IN) up to which declared

accuracy will be maintained with rated burden
connected.

5P or 10P.
Value of burden in VA on which accuracy claims
are based.
(Preferred values :- 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30 VA)
ZB = rated burden in ohms
= Rated VA
I N2
‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (27
27)
 ‫ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬:‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

IEC 60044-1 ‫ﮐﻼس دﻗﺖ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس اﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪارد‬

Limits of Error for Accuracy Class 5P and 10P

Accuracy Current Error Phase Displacement Composite

Class at rated at rated primary Error (%) at
primary current rated accuracy
current (%) Minutes Centiradians
limit primary
current
5P 1 60 1.8 5

10P 3 10

‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (28

28)
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(29‬‬

‫)‪29‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(30‬‬

‫)‪30‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(31‬‬

‫)‪31‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(32‬‬

‫)‪32‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(33‬‬

‫)‪33‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(34‬‬

‫)‪34‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(35‬‬

‫)‪35‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(36‬‬

‫)‪36‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(37‬‬

‫)‪37‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(38‬‬

‫)‪38‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(39‬‬

‫)‪39‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(40‬‬

‫)‪40‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(41‬‬

‫)‪41‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(42‬‬

‫)‪42‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(43‬‬

‫)‪43‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(44‬‬

‫)‪44‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(45‬‬

‫)‪45‬‬
 ‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬

‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‪ :‬دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪(46‬‬

‫)‪46‬‬
 ‫ ﺗﺮاﻧﺴﻔﻮرﻣﺎﺗﻮرﻫﺎي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي‬:‫رﻟﻪ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ‬

Ferro-Resonance
The exciting impedance Ze of the auxiliary transformer T and the capacitance of
the potential divider together form a resonant circuit that usually oscillates at a
sub-normal frequency.

‫ دﮐﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎس ﮐﺘﺎﺑﯽ‬:‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬ (47

47)