FIRST TOUR OF EUROPE

• May 3, 1882: Rizal left for Spain to pursue his medical

education.
• June 16, 1882: Arrived in Barcelona, Spain. After a few
months in Barcelona, he transferred to Madrid, the Spanish
capital.
• Enrolled at Universidad Central de Madrid and took two
courses:
- Medicine
- Philosophy and Letters
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• Rizal became involved in a student protest during his stay

in Madrid.
• Rizal pursued multiple intellectual and extracurricular
activities while studying because of his unquenchable
desire for knowledge.
• Rizal joined the Freemasons while in Spain, seeking
support for his fight against Spanish tyranny.
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• Masonry
- promoted liberalism, brotherhood, and equality.
- The organization was viewed as rebellious and
blasphemous by Spanish authorities.
- Despite his Masonic beliefs, Rizal maintained his faith
in God.
• 1883: Rizal received a diploma from an association of
medical practitioners in Madrid for his superb knowledge
of medical science.
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• June 21, 1884: Rizal was awarded the Licentiate in

Medicine, allowing him to practice medicine but not to use
the title "Medical Doctor" or teach a medical course.
• 1884: Rizal delivered his first public address in Madrid to
honor the Filipino painters Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo for
their achievements in an international art exhibit. This
speech boosted Filipino pride and honor.
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• March 1887: Rizal’s novel Noli Me Tangere was published

with financial help from Dr. Maximo Viola, who lent Rizal
300 pesos to cover printing costs for 2,000 copies.
• May 17, 1887: Rizal embarked on a tour of Europe with
Viola. They visited Leitmeritz, Prague, and then parted
ways at the Swiss border.
• Rizal continued to Italy, visiting Turin, Milan, Florence, and
Rome before returning to the Philippines.
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• August 6, 1887: Rizal returned to the Philippines but stayed
for only six months due to problems in Calamba.
• February 3, 1888: Rizal left the Philippines again,
concerned for his family and friends.
• February 28, 1888: Arrived in Japan.
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• April 28, 1888: Rizal arrived in America for the first time.
- Impressed by the country’s beauty and wealth but
disgusted by its citizens.
- Criticized the discriminatory immigration system in
the U.S., especially the quarantine procedures for
Asians. Rizal was quarantined for 13 days despite
clearance from officials in Hong Kong.
- Considered the experience embarrassing and
discriminatory, particularly towards Asian immigrants.
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• From the U.S. to London:
- In May 1888, Rizal began annotating Morga’s "Sucesos
de las Islas Filipinas" in the British Library.
- Moved to Paris to continue research, visiting the
Bibliothèque Nationale to find historical documents on
the Philippines.
- Goal: Inspire Filipinos with their history and raise
awareness about their heritage.
- The annotated version of Morga's book was published
in Paris in 1890.
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• December 1888: Rizal went to Spain to exchange ideas with
Filipino compatriots.
- December 31, 1888: The Asociacion Solidaridad was
formed in Barcelona.
- Rizal became part of the Propaganda Movement,
advocating for the assimilation of the Philippines.
- Elected as the honorary president of the association.
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• January 12, 1889: Asociacion Hispano-Filipina was
organized in Madrid, led by Professor Miguel Morayta as
president. Some Spaniards, like Morayta, were
sympathizers of the Filipinos.
• February 15, 1889: La Solidaridad was born in Barcelona,
edited by Graciano Lopez Jaena.
- The paper served as a platform for reformists to
express their political views and critique the conditions
in the Philippines.
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• March 1889: Rizal moved to Paris to continue his research
and write articles for La Solidaridad.
- Published three installments of his essay, "The
Philippines within a Century," predicting the future
developments in the Philippines over the next 100
years.
• January 28, 1890: Left Paris and moved to Brussels,
Belgium, to avoid the high cost of living in Paris and focus
on publishing his second novel, El Filibusterismo.
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• 1890: Rizal received distressing news from the Philippines:
- Noli Me Tangere was banned by Governor-General
Terrero.
- Calamba tenants, including Rizal’s family, were
persecuted, and his parents were evicted.
- Rizal called for Filipinos to stand against Spanish
abuse and injustice.
- Wrote more articles for La Solidaridad, advocating
for reforms.
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• 1890: Published the fourth installment of "The Philippines
within a Century" and another essay, "The Indolence of the
Filipinos.“
- In the latter, Rizal argued that Filipinos were
industrious by nature but had lost their motivation to
work due to Spanish oppression.
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• 1891: A political disagreement with Marcelo H. del Pilar
caused Rizal to withdraw from the Propaganda Movement.
- Rizal moved to Paris and then left for Hong Kong.
November 20, 1891: Rizal arrived in Hong Kong and
began practicing medicine.
- Some members of Rizal’s family, who had escaped
from the Philippines, reunited with him in Hong
Kong.
- Rizal operated on his mother’s eyes for the
second time.
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• In Hong Kong:
- Rizal became acquainted with prominent
professionals.
- Continued writing and translating important works,
including the French Declaration of the Rights of Man
into Tagalog.
- Wrote the La Liga Filipina Constitution with the help
of Jose Ma. Basa.
- La Liga Filipina was organized to promote
community-based social causes.