CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies in accordance with the objectives
and purpose of the present study, as well as the synthesis-of-the-state-of-the-art and research gap
for the aforementioned related content. This portion of the paper goes more into a detailed
discourse of the possible answers, theories, and concepts that may arise from the
phenomenologically-based methods that the study takes on. Moreover, it gives highlight to the
summary of all the key frameworks in the form of condensed illustrations and analyses.

Related Literature

Akgun and Greenhow (2022), define Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a branch of study that
integrates the use of natural language processing, machine learning, and algorithm development.
It revolutionizes educational tools and offers a wide range of educational applications, including
automated assessment systems to support teachers, facial recognition software to provide insights
into students’ behavior, and custom learning platforms to encourage students’ learning.
However, even though AI has the ability to improve both instructors’ and students’ learning
processes, the ethical and societal outcomes of these systems are rarely properly taken into
account in K–12 educational situations.

As stated by UNESCO (2019), Artificial Intelligence is a rapidly developing field of

technology that has the potential to completely transform human social interactions. AI has
started to produce newly comprehending teaching and learning solutions in the field of
education, which are currently being tested in various settings. AI has the potential to enhance
learning outcomes and assist education systems in utilizing data to raise the standard and equity
of education in developing nations. It raises a number of ethical questions about student access to
the educational system, personalized data concentration, liability, and the influence on work
 The presented literatures shared the same insights about the implications of Artificial
Intelligence as a part of educational development of systems in teachers and students when it
comes to teaching and learning different fields and classes. Based on the above stated literatures,
Artificial Intelligence develops different educational tools and has started to produce a newly
comprehending system to enhance the learning and teaching outcomes of learners and teachers.
These literatures are related to the present study since it focuses on the outcomes of artificial
intelligence in the development of the learning and teaching process of learners and teachers
when it comes to the education system. These relate to the present as it tackles the implications
of Artificial Intelligence as a part of the educational landscape.

Based on Han (2018), Artificial Intelligence has a significant change in the 21 st century, all
kinds of different application forms of internet begins to appear in our life. The development of a
combination of artificial intelligence and education is a significant innovation. With robots the
future will be more advanced and this will be a great opportunity for aiming to a better future.

Chen (2024), stated the improvements and changes of AI to people’s lives, Over the past
two years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has exponential growth and discovered an interesting
application in various domain, such as composing essays, developing question-answering
chatbots, and code generation using text and code. This transforms the way people communicate
with computer systems and the use of natural text and dialogue to be more logical and appealing
to increased computer users.

The literatures presented both acknowledge the transformation potential of Artificial

Intelligence in society and in education. Both of them highlight how AI can transform the
development in many ways and how artificial intelligence benefits individuals. Overall the two
literature emphasize the significance of how AI continuously affects society especially the
educational system of learners and teachers. Both literature are important for the researchers to
avoid errors, without these presented literature with information this research cannot be formed.
 Defined by Chan (2023), Artificial Intelligence is designed as a learning machine to
create new data that closely resembles existing data sets, Variational Autoencoder (VAE), It’s a
type of neutral network that learns to encode and decode in a way that maintains essential
features. In addition, another popular AI technique is Generative Adversarial Network (GANs),
two neutral networks compete to provide data that are realistic. AI models used advanced
algorithms to learn patterns and create new text, images, sound, and videos. A few examples of
AI tools are chatgpt, bard, stable affiliate, and produce human-like that leads to research of AI to
a variety of fields, including healthcare medicine, education, media and tourism.

Based on the provided information of Cox (2021), Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robots
can improve various sectors, including highest education. This technology has a significant
impact that people need to operate in a new economy for a different way of life. In addition,
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robots want to know what learning is like, the teachers and
researchers role, and how university works as an institution.

The above mentioned literatures both highlight the transformation potential of Artificial
Intelligence in society and as a part of education. Based on what is stated above these two
literatures emphasizes the significance of how AI continuously affects the society. These are
connected to the present study since it tackles the implications of artificial intelligence in the
society specifically in education. In connection with both literature, the researchers will know if
the information is reliable and acknowledgeable.

Alam (2023), mentioned that Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in educational

settings are becoming increasingly apparent as a result of rapid development of AI technology in
recent years. After evaluating the impact of AI technology on teaching and learning, it is
conclusively inferred that AI has a beneficial effect on both the quality of instruction provided by
teachers, as well as on the learning outcomes of students. Towards the end, the article discusses
the possible challenges that AI applications in education may face, instances of AI’s potential in
helping schools to improve, and thereby promoting educational reforms.
 As discussed by Sen (2023), Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become one of the most
transformative technologies of the 21st century, impacting every aspect of our lives, from the way
we work and learn to the way we communicate and interact with one another. The rise of AI has
brought with it a wave of automation that is reshaping the workforce, changing the way we
approach healthcare, transforming the way we interact with technology, and raising concerns
about the potential impact of AI on society.

The presented literatures have acknowledged the benefits of using artificial intelligence.
Emphasizing the uses of AI on the rapid development and transformative artificial intelligence is
in recent years. On the other hand, these literatures have differences in viewing the impact of
artificial intelligence. To sum it up, these literature features the significant impact of artificial
intelligence on society and its potential to improve the different competency in learning and
teaching styles.

Based upon Carlie (2023), Artificial intelligence (AI) is hastily converting the world
around us, and training is no exception. AI is being used in education to personalize getting to
know, provide feedback, and automate obligations. It is likewise getting used to creating new
mastering stories that were no longer viable before. AI may be used to personalize gaining
knowledge for every student.This feedback may be personalized and timely, that may assist
college students improve their studying. New mastering reviews AI may be used to create new
getting to know reports that had been no longer feasible before. For example, AI may be used to
create virtual fact simulations that permit college students to experience exclusive historical
events or scientific phenomena.

Jimenez (2016), stated that AI is the process of using computers and machines to mimic
human perception, decision-making, and other processes to complete a task. Put differently, AI is
when machines engage in high-level pattern-matching and learning in the process.It can be used
for a variety of tasks such as monitoring student activity and creating models that accurately
predict student outcomes. Within AI, there are other important distinctions, largely based on the
technological use cases. One subfield revolves around natural language processing, which is the
use of machines to understand text.

These two statements acknowledge the importance and potential of Artificial intelligence
(AI) in education. Just as how useful AI is in various things and many ways. However, both have
differences in terms of uses. The first one tackles how AI can assist students and help on their
studies while the second one focuses more on computers and machines that can help and benefit
the teachers more. To summarize, the connection between these two lies how artificial
intelligence is making the users lives easier. In addition, learning the importance of
understanding what artificial intelligence is and its uses is to effectively enhance the students
learning and teachers experiences.

According to Alimen (2023), Artificial Intelligence (AI) is causing major changes in all
sectors of the economy, including education. Al has revolutionized conventional approaches to
teaching and learning by providing customized learning opportunities and effective assessment
and feedback mechanisms. However, as the adoption of Al in education grows, there are fears
about its associated risks.

Based on Vega (2023), This Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds the promise of transforming
education by enhancing teaching and learning methods through personalized algorithms. By
identifying students’ strengths and weaknesses, Al can customize educational content to better
suit their individual requirements. Additionally, virtual reality simulations can be integrated into
the classroom, allowing students to interact with distant peers or explore historical sites without
ecological risks, and thus offering an immersive learning environment that enhances
comprehension and retention.

The above mentioned literatures both lie in their acknowledgement of the transformative
potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education. Both of them highlight how Al can
transform teaching and learning competencies by offering personalized of students experiences
and innovative learning environments. However, while the first highlights concerns about the
risks associated with the use of Al in education, the second focuses more on the specific benefits
and opportunities that Al and virtual can bring. Overall, both emphasize the significant impact of
Al in having and will continue to have on education. The connection between these two lies how
artificial intelligence (AI) is shaping students learning experiences. It also personalized and
improved learning methods by identifying students individual strengths and weaknesses. This
both literatures emphasize the significant impact of AI in configuring students academic learning
experiences towards more personalized and engaging approaches.

As explained by IOT Philippines (2024), Artificial Intelligence prioritizes its capacity for
advanced thinking and data analysis,emphasizing process over form or function. While some
view Al as just a tool for faster and better work, its true purpose lies in amplifying, human
capabilities and contributions. Al is designed to interpret external data accurately and adaptively
to achieve predefined goals and tasks.

As mentioned by Ligot (2023), Al-driven tools and technologies offer the promise of a
more efficient and personalized education system. Educators envision a future where
administrative tasks are automated, and students can learn at their own pace, making education
more effective and accessible. It has become a buzzword in various sectors, including education.
In the Philippines, where the education system faces numerous challenges, the integration of Al
in education has garnered significant attention.

These literatures both discuss the integration and potential impact of Artificial Intelligence
(AI) in the Philippines, particularly in the education sector. They both emphasize the importance
of Al in various sectors, including education, and its potential to transform teaching and learning
experiences of students. The connection between this literatures lies in the shared focus on how
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can improve and enhance students learning experiences. They both
suggest that Al can play a transformative role in shaping students academic learning by offering
adaptive, personalized and efficient educational experiences tailored to the needs and learning
styles of students. The presented literatures are important to the present study as it tackles the
capacity of AI to revolutionize the learning experience of learners as a part of education.
 According to Ibrahim (2023), Artificial Intelligence is revolutionizing the field of
education by enabling personalized learning experiences for every student. Learning platforms
powered by AI have the capability to adjust the level of difficulty in AI questions and problems
to cater to each student’s unique requirements. It can automate various tasks that teachers
traditionally handle, including assignment grading, lesson plan preparation, and delivering
feedback to students.
Based on Rodrigo (2023), Artificial Intelligence is a discipline focused on developing
computer systems that can carry out tasks typically performed by humans, such as facial and
speech recognition, chess playing, or navigating traffic. In the realm of education, AI in
Education (AIED) pertains to leveraging AI to enhance teaching, learning, and the overall
educational experience.

The above stated literature shared the same insights when it comes to definition since
Generative AI and AI in Education (AEID) shared the common goal of leveraging AI technology
to enhance teaching, learning and the overall educational experience. These literatures are related
to the present study since the utilization of Generative AI and AI in Education (AIED) holds
immense potential for transforming the educational landscape, particularly for senior high school
students. One of the key impacts of advancements is the facilitation of personalized learning
experiences that cater to the individual needs and abilities of each student. These literatures are
essential to the study so that the researcher does not misunderstand the concept being studied in
relation to the study of something not relevant.

As stated by Cacpal (2023), Artificial Intelligence has become a vital part of education,
with tools like grammar checkers and plagiarism detectors improving learning outcomes.
Personalized learning experiences and AI-powered virtual assistants further enhance the
educational journey. It continues to revolutionize education, shaping the way students learn and
acquire knowledge.
 Inharmony with ML1 Insights (2024), Artificial Intelligence is increasingly acknowledged
as a vital element in addressing the evolving requirements of education. The current state of
education necessitates improvements and a fresh approach to learning, emphasizing the
development of critical thinking skills that set students apart from highly intelligent machines.
Although AI is often perceived negatively, it also has the potential to be seen positively in the
field of education. AI acts as a valuable tool that enables self-study and personalized learning,
allowing students to access customized resources, engage in adaptive learning, and acquire
knowledge tailored to their specific needs and preferences. Consequently, AI plays a significant
role in transforming education and empowering learners to thrive in a constantly changing world.

The presented literatures shared the same view when it comes to the definition of Artificial
Intelligence. Based on the two literatures and both highlights the importance of ai and enhancing
learning outcomes and shaping the educational landscape. They emphasize the role of AI in
personalized learning experiences, improving critical thinking skills, and revolutionizing the way
this acquires knowledge. These literatures are related to the present study since it both tackles the
experiences in terms of using AI and how Artificial Intelligence can improve the critical thinking
of a student as it focuses on the positive impact of AI to the students.

As stated by Ortiz (n.d.), Artificial Intelligence(AI) has gained ground and is expected to be
a game changer as it gives immense potential to redesign education. If AI were to be used to
improve learning outcomes, personalize instruction,and automate tasks, all of which have the
potential to transform and develop Philippine education. The promising potential benefits of the
use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education may result in improved learning outcomes for AI
can be used to personalize instruction that can give a variety of answers and provide students
with the level support they need to succeed which can lead ton the end goal of teaching, the
improved learning outcomes.

As mentioned by Llego (n.d.), the potential of Artificial Intelligence(AI) to transform the

field of education is both vast and largely untapped. It has the potential to revolutionize the
teaching and learning process to customize educational content and experiences to meet the
needs of individual students, and support educators in making real time decisions to improve
student outcomes.

The presented literatures shared the same concepts about the potential of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) to improve the learning capabilities of students and to provide more benefits in
reshaping the education of students learning outcomes. Both are highlighted on how Artificial
Intelligence(AI) can excell the teaching and learning by using Artificial Intelligence(AI). To
generalize, both literatures emphasize the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by
understanding the use as it effectively amplifies the students learning process. However, the first
one highlighted the concerns about how Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help students to improve
their academic learning outcomes while on the other hand, the second one focuses on the
potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to transform the field of education. The connection
between these two on the present study lies on how Artificial Intelligence(AI) can shape the
students learning experiences and outcomes.

Related Studies

According to Demir and Guraksin ( 2022) Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to develop
rapidly as a popular phenomenon for all sectors. Although the idea that this rapid rise of AI
means the rise of humanity has been voiced by many, the point of how AI will affect humanity
continues to raise doubts in certain parts of the society including the education system. This
study aims to determine the perceptions of middle school students, which are a part of the future
of humanity, towards the concept of AI. The result of the study shows the different perspectives
of students including positive and negative perceptions. Moreover, It is thought that educational
computer systems can be designed to shape students’ perceptions of Artificial intelligence.

According to the study of Jeffery (2020) Artificial intelligence (AI) is now part of the lives
of individuals and it seems to be changing different perspectives without being aware of its
gradual widespread. This study aims to determine students perceptions of the use of Artificial
intelligence as a part of the academic learning development and process. The results of this study
suggest that the general perception of AI is positive, but there exists some concern about the
rapid development of AI and how it will affect humankind.
Furthermore, AI developments have a significant influence on both positive and negative
perceptions of its impact on individuals and society.

The presented studies shared the same goal to ascertain the different perspectives of
students when it comes to the use of Artificial intelligence as part of the learning process and
development in the education system. These studies are related to the current study since it
tackles the perception of students in using Artificial Intelligence as part of academic learning as
It implicates how AI can configure learners development in the learning process. This is essential
for the current study to be reliable and acknowledgeable in terms of misunderstanding the
concepts being studied.

As specified by Slimi (2021), Artificial Intelligence has the potential to revolutionize

education by personalizing teaching methods to suit individual student needs, providing prompt
feedback, and automating administrative tasks. It can also assist in grading and assessment,
freeing educators to focus on developing curriculum and providing quality instruction. The study
findings suggest that AI has a positive impact on the learning experience by facilitating the
acquisition of new knowledge and skills.

Based on Tahiru (2021), Artificial intelligence (AI) is developing and its application is
spreading at an alarming rate, as AI has become part of our daily lives that has changed the way
people learn. This study aims to analyze the opportunities, benefits, and challenges of AI in
education. Based on the findings it shows that AI’s adoption in education has advanced in the
Developed countries and most research became popular within the Industry era.

In line with this, the studies of Slimi (2021) and Tahiru (2021) correlate the study of the
researchers in terms of using Artificial Intelligence. Equally highlighting the influence of AI on
various aspects in education and the benefits of these. Furthermore, these studies underscore the
importance of Artificial Intelligence on education and its benefits. To sum it up, the two studies
emphasize how artificial intelligence changed the way people learn and provide the individual
needs of students.

As mentioned by Verma (2018), Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence exhibited by

machines or software. Artificial intelligence is becoming a popular field in computer science as it
has enhanced the human life in many areas. Study in the field of artificial intelligence has given
rise to the rapidly growing technology known as an expert system. The areas employing the
technology of artificial intelligence have seen an increase in the quality and efficiency.

Guo (2020) believed that in the context of the continuous improvement of the quality of
artificial intelligence technology and smart device technology, artificial intelligence has
developed rapidly. Not only has it changed students’ traditional learning methods, but it has also
promoted the innovation of teachers’ teaching styles. This study analyses the implication of
Artificial Intelligence in business english teaching as it discusses the development of artificial
intelligence technology in business english learning. The results of the study shows the different
implications of AI based on the advantages and disadvantages of using artificial Intelligence.

The presented studies shared the same focus on Artificial Intelligence rapid developments
and how it enhanced human life in many ways including academic learning. They both highlight
the improvement of the quality and how useful it is in the learning development and
improvement of different teaching styles for students and in teachers. These mentioned studies
both emphasize the importance of Artificial Intelligence that relates to the present study on how
artificial intelligence can revolutionize the learning experiences specifically for students.

Based on the conducted study of Goksel (2019), Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a
reality as being a part of education as it evolves and becoming more advance. This study
explores AI current insight and future perspective context, such as natural language processing
(NLP), machine learning, and deep learning. The results of the findings states that Artificial
Intelligence has become a part of education as it revolutionizes students academic learning and
progress in different fields and classes.
 Huang (2021) discusses the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and the impact
on the method of teaching and learning process of educators and learners with an advanced AI
technology in recent years. This highlights the application of AI in the field of education such as
adaptive learning, teaching evaluation, virtual classroom as it improves the teachers’ teaching
level and the students’ learning.

Both studies focus on the future impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education. The first
study talks about how AI becomes a part of reality while the second presented study tackles
about how much improvement of students knowledge and the learning outcome having an
advance technology. These studies are connected to the present study since its focused about
artificial Intelligence and the way AI is used for the learning process. Having the studies
combined is a lot helpful for researchers it will be a lot easier to gather information and concepts
in compliance to the current study.

As stated by Bali (2022), Artificial Intelligence is a system with a nature of human

intelligence that can immediately provide information to make intelligent applications for it to be
easier to solve problems such as solving, speech recognition, and learning. The results of this
study provided positive and negative insights on the impacts of Artificial intelligence in learning
when it is carried outside conventional settings.

Lee (2023), studies the help of AI application to education, In a higher education, low
teaching skills can make it difficult for students. That’s why chatbots, increasingly used in
various scenarios such as customer service, work productivity, and healthcare, might be one way
of helping instructors better meet student needs. This study shows the potential of chatbots which
are powered by AI to help students learn basic content in a responsive, interactive, and
confidential way including as a part of education.
 The presented studies shared the same insights on how different applications of AI can help
students to overcome different casualties in studying as it can make it easier for them. Both
studies change the way of teaching making it more advanced by using apps and websites which
are powered by AI. These studies are related to the present study as it both tackles how different
applications of Al can configure students learning process. Connecting to the previous studies
this can be a guide to other researchers so they can get further information about the concepts
being studied.

As cited by Asirit (2023), In rapidly evolving technological landscape, the widespread

adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping many aspects of students lives. This study
explores students awareness, use and perceptions of Al, using a mixed-methods approach to
gather insights into its impacts on education and society. The findings show that students
familiarity with Al varies based on factors such as age, academic year, and field of study,
emphasizing the importance of targeted Al education to address knowledge gaps, especially
among younger students and in fields with limited Al expertise. While the use of Al for
academic. And personal purposes is generally modest, its applications span areas such as
academic research, administrative tasks, and language translation.

As proposed by Salido (2023), The integration of Artificial Intelligence (Al) into education
is causing significant changes in teaching strategies and educational practices. This study aims to
assess how A|-driven educational tools, such as intelligent teaching systems and virtual learning
environments, affect students’ academic performance and understanding. The results indicate
that Al has the potential to transform education by personalizing and enhancing students learning
experiences, leading to improved academic performance and understanding.

These two studies both focus on the impact of artificial intelligence (Al) on education and
students experiences. They both studies highlight the transformative influence of Al on various
aspects of education, including students awareness, use, and perception of Al-driven
technologies. Both of these studies underscore the important role of Al in reshaping teaching
strategies, educational practices, and student learning outcomes in the modern education
landscape. Overall, both studies underscore the transformative potential of Al in education,
emphasizing the importance of understanding in using Al to effectively enhance students
learning experiences in relation to the present study.

As said by Magnaye (2023), Artificial Intelligence (AI) serves as an important tool, helping
education by creating personalized and efficient learning environments for college students. This
study investigates the role of Al in education, specifically its impact on teaching and learning
outcomes for Mindoro State University students and faculty. The research aims to gather insights
from both students and instructors about Al, examine its benefits and challenges in education,
and propose effective strategies for integrating Al into teaching and learning methods.

As stated by Estrellado (2023), The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the
Philippine educational system has sparked significant discussions among scholars. This paper
discusses academic concerns and challenges related to Al in education (AIED), including the
establishment of initial data center hubs, potential developments in learning experiences,
decision making which is based on data, and expected opportunities.

The above mentioned studies both explore the integration and impact of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) in education. The first study reflects on the impact of Al on teaching and
learning outcomes at Mindoro State University by gathering insights from students and faculty,
while the second study deals with broader academic and challenges surrounding Al integration
throughout the Philippine education system. They are both related to how students configure
their academic studies to explore the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and its
potential impact on learning outcomes.This emphasizes the importance of addressing the
challenges and leveraging opportunities associated with the current study as it tackles Artificial
Intelligence to enhance the teaching and learning experiences for students.
 According Harry (2023), Artificial Intelligence in education can enhance student outcomes
through personalized learning, efficient tutoring systems, and automated assessment tools.
Challenges include privacy issues, trust, cost, and bias. Ethical considerations like accessibility
and transparency are crucial. Despite hurdles, AI offers benefits like data-driven decision-making
for educators, shaping the education sector positively.

Conforming Hua, converging perspective assessing AI readiness and utilizing in Philippine

higher education (2023), This study examines AI awareness, utilization, and perceptions among
college students. Findings show alternatives in familiarity based on age, academic year, and field
of study, highlighting the need for targeted AI education. AI usage is modest for academic and
personal purposes, with applications in research, job administration, and language translation.
While societal impacts are generally positive, concerns exist regarding job loss, data privacy,
overuse, and human decision making.

The presented studies both emphasize the potential of AI in enhancing student outcomes
through personalized learning and efficient tools. They both acknowledge challenges like privacy
issues, trust, cost, and bias. Additionally, they stress the importance of ethical considerations and
the need for targeted AI education programs to prepare students for an AI-driven future.These
studies are related to the present study because it highlights the potential of how AI can enhance
student outcomes through personalize learning.

According to Sopera (2023), This research explores the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
in education focusing on its potential to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. Through
surveys, the study gauges students and teachers’ perceptions of AI and its benefits and challenges
in education. The findings reveal a positive outlook towards AI’s potential to significantly
improve the learning experience indicating strong agreement. The results offer valuable insights
for educators and policymakers on effectively utilizing AI to enhance student learning outcomes.

According to Tundrea (2020), Artificial Intelligence is transforming various aspects of

society, including smartphones, healthcare, and most notably, education. This study flows to
determine the positive impact of artificial intelligence and universities and society, ethical
concerns such as equality, data privacy and bias must be carefully addressed.

The presented study shared the same view about the positive potential of Artificial
Intelligence in education emphasizing its role enhancing teaching and learning outcomes. Both
studies are highlights the positive potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education,
emphasizing its role in enhancing teaching and learning outcomes. They also emphasize the
importance of addressing ethical concerns to ensure the positive impact of AI in universities as
well as a part of society. These studies are related to the present study since the current study
recognizes AI in education as It explores the benefits and the challenges of using AI which is
also present to those past studies.

As emphasized by Vidal (2023), The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on education,

highlighting its benefits and challenges. Artificial Intelligence(AI) has transformed education by
offering intelligent tutoring, adaptive learning, and personalized systems. Real-time feedback and
targeted interventions have improved the learning process. However, privacy and ethical
concerns pose challenges that require a multidisciplinary approach involving educators,
policymakers, and educators. Education plays a crucial role in preparing educators for the
integration of Artificial
Intelligence(AI).

As explained by Miranda (2023), The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the
Philippine educational system has encapsulated scholarly discourses on the line. This paper
argues on academic concerns and challenges of Artificial Intelligence(AI) in education (AIED),
the initial footholds for data center hubs, potential offerings for enhanced learning experiences,
data-driven decision making, and foreseen opportunities.

The above mentioned studies both focus on the benefits of artificial intelligence incidents
academic learning development and process. The two studies rely on the influence of Artificial
Intelligence(AI) on various aspects of education and potential effectiveness of AI by
underscoring the students learning experiences including the academic learning and the
perception of the real time feedback and concerns by using AI as a part of educational landscape.
Overall, the presented studies implicates the potential of Artificial Intelligence in which are
related to the concept being analyzed in the present study.

Synthesis-of-the-state-of-the-art

The implications of Artificial Intelligence are widely diverse to enhance the learning
competency of education system. Akgun and Greenhow (2022) and Unesco (2019) shared the
same insights about the implications of Artificial Intelligence as a part of educational
development of systems in teachers and students when it comes to teaching and learning
different fields and classes. It states that Artificial Intelligence develops different educational
tools and has started to produce a newly comprehending system to enhance the learning and
teaching outcomes of learners and teachers. This both emphasizes the possible implications of
artificial intelligence as a part of the education system for teachers and students.

The impact of Artificial Intelligence in the education system has an important role in
reshaping different educational landscapes. Asirit (2023) and Salido (2023) both focus on the
impact of Artificial Intelligence (Al) on education and students experiences as it highlights the
transformative influence of Al on various aspects of education, including students awareness,
use, and perception of Ai-driven technologies. It states that Artificial Intelligence has an
important role in reshaping teaching strategies, educational practices, and student learning
outcomes in the modern education landscape. It both emphasizes on how Artificial Intelligence
influences the progress in reshaping different learning styles.

The importance and potential of Artificial Intelligence has significantly been part of the
education system. Carlie (2023) and Jimenez (2016) both present the importance and potential of
Artificial intelligence in education. It highlights how useful Artificial Intelligence is in various
fields and classes in the education system. These both lie on how artificial intelligence is making
the users life more easier and accessible as it emphasizes the importance of understanding what
artificial intelligence is and its uses to effectively develop the students academic learning process
in terms of acquiring further knowledge and to enhance teachers experiences in accommodating
different learning styles.

Research Gap

The study conducted by Cacpal (2023), focuses on Artificial Intelligence as a part of

educational tools in the teaching and learning process in the education system, while in harmony,
Salido (2023) is more focused in exploring the pros and cons of AI in education. Although both
of these studies have similarities since they both emphasize the role of Artificial Intelligence in
personalized learning experiences, improving critical thinking, and revolutionizing the way this
acquires knowledge and it both highlights the positive impact of using AI in education. They
differ in the tools and methods used to further expand their studies, there is also a slight
difference in their perspective and how the researcher gathered the data.

Some studies are focused on the implications of Artificial Intelligence on how it can
revolutionize the learning and teaching process of learners and teachers. Others tackle the
impacts of Artificial Intelligence in the learning outcomes of students on the development of
gaining knowledge in different fields. Additionally, other researchers are focused on the
transformation of Artificial Intelligence as a part of education system to enhance the learning and
teaching methods of teachers and learners to acquire further knowledge.

After the thorough investigations on studies and literature’s, it has been observed that no
studies are focused on the negative impact of Artificial Intelligence in which there has been no
study that tackles the negative effects of Artificial Intelligence as a part of the education system.
Also, limited research implemented a program to support the use of Artificial Intelligence into
the perceptions of students about Artificial Intelligence on how it configures the academic
learning process of learners which will be the focus of the current study.
Theoretical Framework

The Theory of Cognitivism by Ulric Neisser’s is a psychological learning theory, focuses

on the mental processes involved in learning, and when applied to artificial intelligence in
student learning, it offers an understanding how AI can enhance cognitive processes. This theory,
is first proposed by Ulric Neisser in 1967, suggests that learning involves the active processing
of information, where learners construct knowledge by organizing and interpreting new
information based on their existing mental structures. In the context of AI, cognitivism highlights
the potential of AI systems to simulate human cognitive processes, such as perception, attention,
memory, and problemsolving, to support student learning. By leveraging AI technologies like
natural language processing and machine learning algorithms, these systems can provide
personalized and adaptive learning experiences, analyze student performance data, and offer
targeted feedback to enhance cognitive development. The integration of AI in student learning
based on the principles of cognitivism not only expands access to educational resources but also
provides opportunities for individualized, engaging, and effective learning experiences.

The Connectivism Theory by George Siemens is a learning theory in the field of Artificial
Intelligence that focuses on the idea that knowledge is distributed across a network of
connections and learning occurs through the process of making connections. According to
George Siemens, who introduced the theory in 2005 connectivism proposes that learning is not
solely an individual process, but rather a social and network process where individuals access
and interact with information stored in various sources and engage in meaningful conversations
with others to construct their understanding. In this context connectivism emphasizes the role of
technology and digital networks as facilitators of learning as they enable learners to access a best
amount of information collaborate with peers and participate in online communities thereby
enhancing their ability to navigate and make sense of complex knowledge domains.
 The Theory of Constructivism proposed by Jean Piaget’s is a learning theory in the field
of Artificial Intelligence in student learning, as proposed by Piaget’s, possess that individuals
actively construct knowledge and meaning through their experiences and interactions with the
environment. According to this theory, learning is a process of building mental structures and
schemes based on the assimilation and accommodation of new information. In the context of
artificial intelligence, constructivism emphasizes the importance of providing students with
interactive and experiential learning environments that allow them to actively engage with the
material, explore different perspectives, and collaborate with others. By integrating constructivist
principles into AI-based educational tools and platforms, students can enhance their critical
thinking skills, problem-solving abilities, and knowledge acquisition, leading to more effective
and meaningful learning experiences.
Conceptual Framework

This framework presents a discussion about the empirical findings and the concepts found in
the study that will acquire further knowledge and understanding of the problem. The researcher
believes that through this framework anyone can determine the flow of the study and the concept
in which the study all about presented in the conceptual paradigm as shown in figure 2.

The conceptual framework discusses the content of the statement of the problem of this
study.
The researchers looked into the perceptions and experiences of grade 11 Senior High students in
Sorsogon National High school in terms of using artificial intelligence in learning development
and process and as part of education system. The factors that affect students and the impact of
using artificial intelligence on education such as the experiences in using AI were explored in
this study. These factors were used to know the effects of artificial intelligence as a part of the
development of students in enhancing the academic learning competency as a part of the
education system.

The researchers analyze the given data prior to the perceptions and experiences of the
participants on the impact of using Artificial Intelligence. After gathering the data from the
respondents, the researchers made an analysis from the data to make a possible program to
implement based on the potential implications of AI. The researchers believe that this study help
the learners to gain further knowledge about the implications as well as the potential of AI and
the right use of it.
Definition of Terms

The following are the terminologies used by the researchers in the study that are defined
conceptually and operationally to have a parallel understanding with the readers:

Academic learning. The acquisition of skills that form the core of the general curriculum in
schools enables individuals to become skilled at knowledge that is educational, scholastic and
theoretical (IGI Global, n.d.). In this paper, it pertains to the knowledge acquired by the students
on what they have learned based on the provided information and data.

Accessibility. The practice of making information, activities, and environments sensible,

meaningful, and usable for as many people as possible (SeeWriterHear, 2020). In this study, it
pertains to the availability of websites that are powered by Artificial Intelligence in terms of the
usage and providing information needed.

Accuracy of Information. The quality or state of being correct or precise and the degree to
which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification conforms to the correct value or
a standard (Oxford languages, 2024). In this paper, it pertains to the correctness of information
provided by the websites which is powered by Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence. AI stands for artificial intelligence, which is the simulation of human
intelligence processes by machines or computer systems. It can mimic human capabilities such
as communication, learning, and decision-making (Coursera, 2024). In this study, it pertains to
the ability of machines to provide cognitive information that is associated with a certain topic.

Impact. The effect or change over time that can be seen, demonstrate, measure or capture on
different situation, and which happens as a result of an activity. (Times Higher Education, 2024).
In this paper, impact pertains to the effects of using Artificial Intelligence in the academic
learning process of learners in terms of how AI develop or enhance the outcomes of learning of
students.

Perception. A way of regarding, understanding, or interpreting something based on the mental

impression (Oxford Languages (2024). In this research, it pertains to the view of Sorsogon
national high school senior high students perceive and interpret the experiences and observations
in the learning process.
Websites. A collection of files accessed through a web address, covering a particular theme or
subject, and managed by a particular person or organization (Gartner, n.d.). In this study, it
pertains to an internet site which is powered by Artificial Intelligence.
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