kf7 M !

d"Nofª\sgsf] cjwf/0ff
dfgjn] hLjgsf] p2]Zox¿sf] kl/k"lt{ ug]{ qmddf x'g] uNtL / sdhf]/L kQf nufO{ ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ ub{5, o:tf lqmofsnfknfO{ d"Nofª\sg
elgG5 . Jojxf/df P]lR5s kl/jt{gx¿ jf:tljs ¿kdf s'g xb;Dd eO/x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ d"Nofª\sg elgG5 .s'g}
klg j:t'df /x]sf] u'0f jf ljz]iftfx¿sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{ g} d"Nofª\sg xf] . x/]s sfo{qmdsf] clGtd cj:yfdf To;af6 k|fKt pknlAwsf]
d"Nofª\sg ug]{ ul/G5 .
d"Nofª\sgsf kl/jlt{t b[li6sf]0fx¿
s_ dfkgsf] ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg M yg{8fOs, x]ug, OHa]n h:tf ljåfg\x¿n] d"Nofª\sg eg]sf] s'g} klg j:t'sf] u'0fnfO{ cª\sdf abNg' xf] eGg]
b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf] kfOG5 .
v_ nIo k|flKtsf] n]vfhf]vfsf ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg M /fNkm 8An" 6fon/, u|'gnG8, h]d=Pd=nL= h:tf z}lIfs ljåfg\x¿n] d"Nofª\sg s'g} klg sfo{sf]
qmddf /fv]sf nIox¿sf] k|flKtsf] cj:yfsf] ljZn]if0f g} d"Nofª\sg xf] egL pNNf]v u/]sf] kfOG5 .
Uf_ lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg M :6]km\n]ljdn] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ s'g} klg sfo{sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ k|lqmofsf
¿kdf lnOPsf] kfOG5 .
3_ d"No lgwf{/0fsf] ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg M u|'gnG8, u'8\; l8:g]/L ckm Ph's];gn] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ s'g} klg j:t'df ePsf] u'0fsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pQm
j:t'sf] u'0fnfO{ d"Nodf ¿kfGt/0f ug'{ g} d"Nof+sg eg]sf] kfOG5 .
d"Nofª\sgsf sfo{x¿
 ljBfyL{sf] ;an / sdhf]/ kIfsf] lgbfg ug'{,
 ;'wf/fTds pkrf/sf] If]qx¿ klxrfg ug{',
 kf7\oqmdsf] ;'wf/sf nflu cfwf/ k|bfg ug'{,
 lzIf0fdf ;'wf/ ug{',
 lzIf0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf, lzIfssf] bIftf h:tf kIfsf] k/LIf0f ug{',
 ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ l;sfOdf ;Nnfx / k/fdz{ k|bfg ug{',
 l;sf?nfO{ l;sfOdf clek|]l/t ug'{ .
Mechael Scriven n] ;g\ !(^& df d"Nofª\sgnfO{ d"ntM b'O{ efudf afF8]sf] kfOG5 . o;}cg';f/ d"Nofª\sgsf k|sf/nfO{ lg0f{ofTds /
lgdf{0ffTds u/L b'O{ efudf afF8]/ cWoog ug]{ rng a9L k|rlnt 5 . Linn and Grounlund n] lgDg rf/ efudf afF8]sf] kfOG5 M
-s_ :yfg lgwf{/0f÷k|f/lDes÷k"j{d"Nofª\sg
s'g} klg sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{k"j{ ul/g] d"Nofª\sg g} k|f/lDes d"Nofª\sg xf] . lzIf0f l;sfOsf] yfngL ug{'k"j{ l;sf?sf] Ifdtf, bIftf
Pjd\ k"j{cg'ej s] slt 5< ul/g] n]vfhf]vf g} k"j{d"Nofª\sg xf] .
-v_ lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\snfO{ ;'wf/fTds, /rgfTds d"Nofª\sg cyf{t\ Constructive or Pro active evaluation klg
elgG5 . s'g} klg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ul/g] d"Nofª\sgnfO{ lgdf{0ffTds, d"Nofª\sg elgG5 .
sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] l;nl;nfdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf rln/xg] d"Nofª\sg klg lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg ePsfn] o;df lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sgsf] u'0f
x'G5 . o; d"Nofª\sgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ljBfyL{sf sdLsdhf]/L ;dod} kQf nufO{ To;sf] ;'wf/ jf lg/fs/0f ug'{ xf] .

-u_ lgbfgfTds d"Nofª\sg

j}slNks lzIf0f ljlw tyf tl/sfx¿sf] af/Daf/ k|of]u u/L lzIf0f ubf{ klg s'g} ljifodf nuftf/ c;kmn eO/xG5 eg] sf/0f kQf nufpg
lgbfgfTds d"Nofª\sg ug'{k5{ . lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgn] k|fylds pkrf/ ub{5 eg] lgbfgfTds d"Nofª\sgn] ;d:ofsf] cfwf/e"t sf/0fsf] vf]hL
ub{5 .
-3_ lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sg
sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf ljBfyL{n] s] slt pknlAw k|fKt ug{ ;s] jf ;s]gg\ eGg] s'/fsf] k/LIf0f u/L] :t/ lgwf{/0f ug'{ g} lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sg
xf] . pknlAwsf cfwf/df pQL0f{, cg'QL0f{ jf >]0fL lgwf{/0f u/L ;f]sf] k|fdfl0fs lg0f{o lbg] sfo{ lg0f{ofTds d"Nofªsgn] ub{5 . of] clGtd
d"Nofª\sg xf] .
lzIfs lgld{t k/LIff
lzIfsn] sIff lzIf0f ubf{ ljleGg kf7 / ljifoj:t'x¿ k7fpg] ub{5g\ . s'g} klg kf7 jf ljifoj:t' k9fO;s]kl5 ck]Iff u/]cg';f/sf 1fg / ;Lk
ljBfyL{x¿n] k|fKt u/], u/]gg\ egL sIff lzIfsåf/f k|Zgkq tof/ u/L k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ ul/G5 . ljBfyL{sf] z}lIfs pknlAw kQf nufpg sIff
lzIfsåf/f k|Zgkq agfO{ ;~rfng ug]{ k/LIffnfO{ lzIfs lgld{t k/LIff elgG5 . o; k|sf/sf] k/LIff 3f]lift jf c3f]lift b'j} ¿kdf klg ;~rfng
ug{ ;lsG5 . lzIfs lgld{t k/LIff :t/Ls[t k/LIffsf] t'ngfdf sd ljZj;gLo / j}wtf sd x'G5 To;}n] o;nfO{ Non-Standardised Test klg
elgG5 .
:t/Ls[t k/LIff
:t/Ls[t k/LIffsf] lktf Frederick J. Kelly x'G5 . :t/Ls[t k/LIff ;g\ !()! df klxnf] k6s k|of]udf cfof] . :t/o'Qm k/LIff eg]sf] 3f]lift k/LIff
xf], o;df k/LIff ;~rfng;DaGwL cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ s'/fx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 .
ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf
ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfnfO{ Two Way Chart elgG5 lsgeg] o;df ljifoj:t'sf] ;"rL / ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t eP/ k|Zgx¿sf] k|sf/ / dfqf;d]t
pNn]v ul/Psf] x'G5 .
cIf/fª\sg k4lt
cIf/sf] k|of]u u/]/ >]0fL ljefhg ug]{ ljlw ;a}eGbf a9L k|rngdf /x]sf] k|0ffnL xf] . k|fKtfª\snfO{ cª\sg ubf{ A, B, C, D cflb cIf/x¿sf]
k|of]u ul/G5 . Pp6} cIf/df klg k|fKtfª\sx¿sf] leGgtf b]vfpg 3gfTds / C0ffTds lrx\g klg k|of]u ul/G5 .
 n]6/ u|]l8ª k|0ffnLsf] klxnf] ;'?jft SofflDa|h ljZjljBfnodf ;g\ !(&@ ljlnod kmfl/; (William Farish) n] cfkm\gf] ljBfyL{ lsy xl:sg
(Keith Hoskin) df k|of]u u/] .
 cIf/fª\s lgb]{lzsf @)&* hf/L @)&* k'; & ut]
 cIf/fª\s lgb]{lzsf @)&* sf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg @)&*.!!.!*
n]6/ u|]l8ª lgb]{lzsf, @)&* sf s]xL dxŒjk"0f{ hfgsf/L
 kf7\oqmd eGgfn] /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nofsª\sg kl/ifb\ tyf g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f :jLs[t txut jf ljifout kf7\oqmd ;Demg'k5{ .
 kf7\o306f (Credit Hour) eGgfn] k7gkf7g ;~rfngsf nflu vr{ ePsf] ;fKtflxs aQL; 306fsf] ;dofjlw ;Demg'k5{ .
 n]6/ u|]l8ª (Letter Grading) eGgfn] tf]lsPsf] ;Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sgkZrft\ ljBfyL{n] xfl;n ug]{ l;sfO :t/nfO{ cIf/df ul/g] k|:t'lt
;Demg'k5{ .
 :t/Ls[t cª\s (Grade point) eGgfn] cIf/df ul/Psf] ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgsf] :t/Ls/0fnfO{ cª\sdf k|:t't ul/Psf] cfg';fª\lVos dfg
;Demg'k5{ .
p2]Zo
ljBfno lzIffdf n]6/ u|]l8ª sfof{Gjogsf] p2]Zo b]xfocg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M
 ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO ;IfdtfnfO{ oyf¿kdf k|df0fLs/0f ug]{,
 l;sfO pknlAwsf] dfkgaf6 k|fKt cª\sut :t/nfO{ cf7cf]6f cIf/ut :t/df ;"lrt ug]{,
 z}lIfs IfltnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ z}lIfs u'0f:t/ k|jz{g ug]{,
 Psn ljifo k|df0fLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{sf] ax'af}l4stfsf cfwf/df l;sfOsf cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ .
kf7\o306f tyf sfo{306f
 ljBfno txdf k7gkf7g ;~rfngsf nflu ;fdfGotof ;f7L ldg]6sf] Ps 3G6L x'g]5 .
 k7gkf7g ;~rfngsf nflu vr{ ePsf] aQL; 306fsf] ;dofjlwnfO{ Ps kf7\306f (Credit Hour) dflgg]5 .
u|]8 lgwf{/0f
ljBfno lzIff -sIff !–!@_ df n]6/ u|]l8ª nfu" ug{ b]xfoadf]lhd u|]8 lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 M
qm=;+= pknlAw k|ltzt :t/Ls[t cª\s cIf/df pknlAw :t/sf] JofVof
pknlAw :t/
! () / ;f]eGbf dfly $=) A+ ;jf]{Qd (Outstanding)
@ *) / ;f]eGbf dfly () eGbf sd #=^ A cTo'Qd (Excellent)
# &) / ;f]eGbf dfly *) eGbf sd #=@ B+ pTs[i6 (Very Good)
$ ^) / ;f]eGbf dfly &) eGbf sd @=* B pQd (Good)
% %) / ;f]eGbf dfly ^) eGbf sd @=$ C+ ;Gtf]ifhgs (Satisfactory)
^ $) / ;f]eGbf dfly %) eGbf sd @=) C u|fx\o (Acceptable)
& #% / ;f]eGbf dfly $) eGbf sd !=^ D cfwf/e"t (Basic)
* #% eGbf sd – NG cjuL{s[t (Not Graded)
lgwf{/t u|]8sf] lgDgfg';f/ JofVofsf] lj:t[tLs/0f ul/g]5 M
u|]8 JofVof
A+ ;jf]{Qd (Outstanding)
A cTo'Qd (Excellent)
B+ pTs[i6 (Very Good)
B pQd (Good)
C+ ;Gtf]ifhgs (Satisfactory)
C u|fx\o (Acceptable)
D cfwf/e"t (Basic)
NG cjuL{s[t (Not Graded)
n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjog ljlw tyf u|]8 j[l4 k/LIff
n]6/ u|]l8ª sfof{Gjog ljlw b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M
 k|To]s ljifosf] pQ/k'l:tsfsf] k/LIf0f / ;Dk/LIf0f cª\sdf ul/g]5 . k/LIf0f / ;Dk/LIf0faf6 k|fKt cª\s -u|]8 l;6df ;}4flGts / cfGtl/ssf]
5'§f5'§} cª\s_ nfO{ cIf/ u|]8df ¿kfGt/ ul/g]5 .
 ;DalGwt tx jf sIff k"/f u/]sf] ljBfyL{n] k|fKt u|]8 cfwf/df ;DalGwt tx jf sIff k"/f u/]sf] ePdf k];fut / k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos
lzIffsf] cj;/ k|fKt ug]{5g\ . cu| cWoogsf nflu eg] ;f] tx jf sIff k"/f :t/Ls[t cª\s (GPA) ;lxtsf] u|]8 l;6 / d"n k|df0fkq pknAw
u/fOg]5 .
 ljBfyL{x¿n] k|fKt u/]sf] u|]8sf] JofVof (Descriptor) nAwfª\skqdf pNn]v ul/g]5 .
u|]8 j[l4 k/LIff / k|df0fkqsf ;DaGwdf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M
 sIff *, sIff !) / sIff !@ df ;a} ljifodf Go"gtd u|]8 k"/f u/]kl5 dfq ;DalGwt lgsfon] d"n k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpg]5 .
t/ ljifout ¿kdf cfGtl/stk{m C / ;}4flGtstk{m D u|]8 k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] ljBfyL{sf nflu d"n k|df0fkq pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .
 cGo sIffsf] xsdf of] lgb]{lzsfsf] k|lts"n gx'g] u/L ljBfnon] g} u|]8 l;6 / k|dfkq pknAw u/fpg]5 .
 cu| cWoogsf nflu d"n k|df0fkq clgjfo{ x'g]5 . d"n k|df0fkq glnO{ cu|cWoog u/]df ;dsIftf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
 d"n k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf ljBfyL{n] tLg k6s;Dd b'O{ ljifodf u|]8 j[l4 k/LIffdf ;+nUg x'g kfpg]5g\ / u|]8 j[l4 k/LIffdf ;+nUg x'g] tyf
cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgdf ;xefuL eO{ afx\o d"Nofª\sgdf ;+nUg x'g g;s]sf ljBfyL{sf] xsdf cfGtl/s tyf k|of]ufTds d"Nofª\sgsf] cª\s tLg
jif{;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
 b'O{ ljifoeGbf a9L ljifodf tf]lsPsf] u|]8 k|fKt ug{ g;s]df jf u|]8 j[l4 k/LIffdf tf]lsPsf] u|]8 k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf k/LIffyL{ csf]{ jif{sf] ;Dk"0f{
ljifosf] k/LIffdf ;+nUg x'g jf ;f]xL sIffdf k'gM cWoog ug{ kfpg]5g\ .
 cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgdf tf]lsPsf] u|]8 k|fKt geO{ jflif{s jf afx\o k/LIffdf ;+nUg ePsf] ljBfyL{sf] k/LIff /2 x'g ;Sg]5 .
 ljb]zL af]8{x¿af6 cWoog u/L pQL0f{ ePsf ljBfyL{x¿sf] u|]8 lgwf{/0f;d]t o;} sfo{ljlwadf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 .
n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf
 dGqfnosf] e"ldsfM n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjogdf dGqfnosf] e"ldsf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ n]6/ u|]l8ª;DaGwL gLlt tyf dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug]{,
-v_ n]6/ u|]l8ª sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .
 s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf M s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ n]6/ u|]l8ªsf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o kf7\oqmd ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\af6 :jLs[t gLlt sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-v_ n]6/ u|]l8ª sfof{Gjogdf cfjZos ;xhLs/0f tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ .
 lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf M lzIff tyf dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug]{,
-v_ lzIfs tflnd sfo{qmddf ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgdf n]6/ u|]l8ªnfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ .
 af]8{sf] e"ldsf M af]8{sf] e"ldsf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgsf nflu k/LIff ;~rfng, glthf k|sfzg / k|df0fLs/0f ubf{ n]6/ u|]l8ª sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-v_ ljBfno lzIffdf n]6/ u|]l8ª sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf ;Da4 lgsfosf sfddf cfjZos ;dGjo / ;xhLs/0f ug]{ .
 lzIff ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf] e"ldsf M lzIff ljsf; lgb]{zgfnosf] ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgfdf n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f / cg'udg
ug]{5 .
 lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo PsfOsf] e"ldsfM lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo PsfOsf] e"ldsf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgdf n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg],
-v_ ljBfyL{ cled'vLs/0f, ;xhLs/0f tyf cg'udg ug]{ .
 ljBfnosf] e"ldsfM ljBfnosf] e"ldsf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 M
-s_ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgdf n]6/ u|]l8ªsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg],
-v_ lzIfs, ljBfyL{, cleefjs / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}df o; k4ltaf/] hfgsf/L ug]{, u/fpg],
-u_ cfjZostfcg';f/ cled'vLs/0f / 5nkmn u/L cjwf/0ffut :ki6tf sfod ug]{,
-3_ k|of]ufTds sfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{nufotsf l;sfO ;Da4 lqmofsnfk / cltl/Qm lqmofsnfkdf ljBfyL{ pknlAwsf] ljj/0f
clen]vcg';f/ k|df0fLs/0f u/L pknAw u/fpg] .
dfkg
ljleGg j:t', 36gf jf k|lqmofdf lglxt u'0fnfO{ kl/df0f jf cª\sdf abNg' g} dfkg xf] . lzIf0f;DaGwL lg0f{o, JolQmut lg0f{o, kf7Øqmd;DaGwL
lg0f{o, 5gf]6;DaGwL lg0f{o, ju{ lgwf{/0f;DaGwL lg0f{o / JolQmut lg0f{o lngsf lglDt dfkgn] cfjZos sRrf kbfy{ k|bfg ub{5 . d"Nofª\sgsf
nflu cfjZos ;"rgf lbg] sfd dfkgn] ub{5, o;/L s'g} klg j:t', 36gf jf JolQmsf u'0fnfO{ ;+VofTds cfwf/df cª\s k|bfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{
dfkg eGg ;lsG5 .
k/LIffsf] cjwf/0ff
‘k/LIff’ zAbnfO{ gfd / lqmofsf] ¿kdf cnu cnu /fv]/ cYof{pg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . k/LIffnfO{ gfdsf] ¿kdf x]bf{ s'g} klg u'0fsf] k/LIf0f ug]{
k|of]hgsf ;fy lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;fwg eGg] a'lemG5 . lqmofsf] ¿kdf k/LIffsf] cy{nfO{ x]bf{ s'g} klg j:t'sf] u'0fsf] dfkg ug{ k|of]u ul/g] ;du|
k|lqmofnfO{ a'emfpF5 . ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAwsf] dfkg ug]{ ljlwjt\ k|lqmofnfO{ k/LIff elgG5 .
-s_ lnlvt k/LIff (Written test)
ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sgsf lglDt ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ lnlvt ¿kdf g} k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg] / ljBfyL{x¿n] klg lnlvt ¿kd} pQ/ lnOg] k/LIffnfO{ g} lnlvt
k/LIff elgG5 . lnlvt k/LIffnfO{ Paper pencil test klg eg]/ lrlgG5 .
lnlvt k/LIffsf k|sf/
-c_ ljifout k/LIff (Subjective test)
ljifoj:t''sf] 7"nf] If]qnfO{ ljifout k/LIffn] ;d]6]sf] x'G5 . ljifout k/LIffdf a9LeGbf a9L ljifoj:t''nfO{ ;d]6\g] sfo{ x'G5 / o;sf] pQ/ n]Vg]
sfo{ jf k/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{df JolQmTjsf] k|efj k5{ .
ljifout k/LIffsf k|sf/
i) 5f]6f] pQ/fTds k|Zg÷ ;+lIfKt pQ/fTds k|Zg
k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ 5f]6f] / ;/n tyf :ki6 tl/sfn] n]Vg'kg]{ k|ZgnfO{ 5f]6f] pQ/fTds k|Zg elgG5 . lgaGwfTds / j:t'ut k|Zgsf aLrsf]
k|Zg 5f]6f] pQ/fTds k|Zg xf], To;}n] o;df b'j}sf s]xL u'0fx¿ ;dfj]z x'G5g\ .
5f]6f] pQ/fTds k|Zgsf k|sf/x¿
k|Zgsf k|sf/ JofVof
;[hgzLn k|Zg ljBfyL{ :jod\n] cfkm}+ ;[hgf u/L pQ/ lbg'kg]{ k|Zgx¿ o;cGtu{t k5{g\ .
h:t}M s–1 ;Dd sltj6f cIf/ 5g\<
;"rL agfpg] k|Zg o; k|sf/sf k|Zgdf lbOPsf ljifodf gfdx¿, ;fdfgx¿, hgfj/x¿ cflbsf] ;d"x
 ljefhg ug]{ jf ;"rL agfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
t'ngf ug]{ k|Zgx¿ o; k|sf/sf k|Zgdf lbOPsf b'O{ s'/fx¿df leGgtf jf ;dfgtf b]vfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
l6Kk0fL k|Zg o; k|sf/sf k|Zgdf lbOPsf ljifoj:t''sf] dfqf / ljj/0fnfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf d'Vo d'Vo
s'/fx¿ ug'{k5{ . k|d'v s'/fx¿ 5f]6s/Ldf pNn]v ug]{ ePsfn] o:tf k|ZgnfO{ l6Kk0fL
k|Zg klg elgG5 .
sf/0f lbg] k|Zg s'g} klg j:t'sf] sf/0f lbg lgld{t k|ZgnfO{ sf/0f lbg] k|Zg elgG5 .
tfls{s k|Zg ;fdfGo k|Zgdf cfÇg} ts{ nufpg'k5{ . h:t}M Intelligent zAbdf ePsf cIf/af6
sltj6f zAb aGb5g\ agfpg'xf];\ .
;fdfGo :d/0f k|Zg cfkm"n] ofb u/]sf] s'/fnfO{ n]Vg'kg]{ k|Zg o;cGtu{t k5{g\ M
h:t} M (a-b)2 = ?
ii) nfdf] pQ/fTds k|Zg jf lgaGwfTds k|Zg :
ljBfyL{sf] ljifoj:t''k|ltsf] 1fg, ljifosf] cleJolQm, df}lnstf, ljZn]if0f Ifdtf, cfnf]rgf, ;dfnf]rgf cflb Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug]{ p2]Zon]
agfOPsf] nfdf] pQ/ cfpg] k|Zg g} lgaGwfTds k|Zg x'g\ . nfdf] pQ/fTds k|Zgn] lj:t[t / :jtGq pQ/sf] ck]Iff ub{5, o;df cfÇgf ljrf/
;ª\u7g ug]{, Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g ug]{, :jtGq cleJolQm ug]{ h:tf Ifdtfsf] d"Nofª\sg ul/G5 .
nfdf] pQ/fTds k|Zg jf lgaGwfTds k|Zgsf k|sf/ / pbfx/0fx¿
 j0f{gfTds k|Zg M– ljifoj:t'';DaGwL j0f{g jf JofVof ug'{kg]{ k|Zgx¿nfO{ j0f{gfTds k|Zg elgG5 .
h:t}M
– kf7of]hgfsf cª\ux¿sf] j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
– OR5f sljtfsf] d'Vo cfzo JofVof ug'{xf];\ .
 sf/0f;lxt :ki6 JofVof ug]{ k|Zg M– o:tf k|Zgdf ljBfyL{n] sf/0fx¿ lbP/ k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'k5{ .
h:t}M
– k[YjL uf]nf] 5 eGg] rf/cf]6f sf/0fx¿ lbP/ j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
– hª\uaxfb'/sf] pbo x'gfsf tLgcf]6f sf/0f aofg ug'{xf];\ .
 cfÇgf] ljrf/ JoQm ug]{ k|Zg M– o; k|sf/sf k|Zgdf ljBfyL{n] pQ/ lbFbf cfÇgf] /fo / :jtGq cleJolQm k|bz{g ug'{k5{ .
h:t}M
– udL{sf] df};ddf /f]ux¿ s;/L km}lnG5g\< aofg ug'{xf];\ .
– æsfd gu/] cN5L x'G5Æ eGg]af/]df cfÇgf] /fo JoQm ug'{xf];\ .
 d"Nofª\sg ug]{ M– k|Zgdf plNnlvt ljifoj:t'sf] n]vfhf]vf ug]{ vfnsf] k|sf/ xf] . h:t}– g]kfnL ;flxTosf] pTyfgdf slj
l;l4r/0fsf] s] of]ubfg 5< d"Nofª\sg ug'{xf];\ .
 juL{s/0f ug]{ k|Zg M– s'g} klg ljifoj:t''nfO{ ljleGg efudf ljefhg ug]{ k|Zg o;cGtu{t k5{g\ .
h:t} M d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwgx¿ s]–s] x'g\< juL{s/0f u/]/ b]vfpg'xf];\ .
 ;f/f+z n]Vg] M– o; k|Zgdf lbOPsf] cg'R5]b jf tf]lsPsf] kf7sf] ;f/f+z n]Vg'kg]{ k|Zgx¿ k5{g\ . h:t}– ls;fgsf] /x/ gfds lgaGwsf]
;Gb]z s] xf]< a9Ldf @)) zAb;Dddf ;f/f+z lvRg'xf];\ .
-cf_ j:t'ut k/LIff
ljBfyL{n] pQ/ n]Vg] sfo{df :jtGqtf / df}lnstf gx'g] lglZrt pQ/ x'g] k|ZgnfO{ j:t'ut k/LIff elgG5 . nfdf] pQ/ n]lv/xg' gkg]{, l7s
pQ/ dfq 5gf]6 u/] k'Ug], lrx\g nufP x'g], Ps zAbdf n]v] x'g] vfnsf] k/LIff j:t'ut k/LIff xf] . j:t'ut k/LIffn] kbx¿sf] wf/0ff, zAb
tyf tYo;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ffsf] pknlAw hfFr ub{5 .
j:t'ut k/LIffsf k|Zgsf k|sf/x¿ / pbfx/0fx¿
i) l7s–a]l7s k|Zg
lbOPsf] k|Zg l7s–a]l7s, ;fFrf] em'6f] s] xf]< egL 5'6\ofpg'kg]{ k|ZgnfO{ l7s, a]l7s k|Zg elgG5, o:tf k|Zgn] ljBfyL{sf] :d/0f Ifdtf hfFr
ub{5 .
ljifoj:t''sf] w]/} efu ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] x'gfn] l7s, a]l7s k|Zgn] ljifosf] JofkstfnfO{ ;d]6\5 . o:tf k|Zgdf bf]xf]/f] gsf/fTds jfSo lbg'
x'Fb}g . k':tsaf6 x'ax' ;fg'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf k|Zg lgdf{0f ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 .
ii) vfnL 7fpF eg]{ k|Zg
vfnL 7fpF eg]{ k|Zgdf d'Vo zAbx¿ vfnL /fvL ljBfyL{nfO{ eg{ nufpg] k|ZgnfO{ vfnL 7fpF eg]{ k|Zg elgG5 . ljleGg ldltx¿, gfdx¿,
zAbx¿, ljBfyL{nfO{ cfpF5 jf cfpFb}g egL o; k|sf/sf k|Zg ;f]lwG5g\ . o;df cGbfhaf6 ldnfpg ufx|f] kg]{ x'Fbf l7s, a]l7s k|Zgsf]
t'ngfdf /fd|f] dflgG5 .
iii) ax'j}slNks k|Zg
k|To]s k|Zgsf] pQ/ 5gf]6df b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ljsNk ePsf] k|ZgnfO{ ax'j}slNks k|Zg elgG5 . o; k|sf/sf] k|Zg lgdf{0fdf cw'/f] jfSo jf
k|Zgjfrs jfSosf] k|of]u ul/G5 . ;DefJo pQ/x¿ 5gf]6sf] ¿kdf lbOG5, h;dWo] Pp6f dfq ;xL pQ/ x'G5 . k|Zgsf] cfwf/df lbOPsf
ljsNkdWo] ;a}eGbf ldNg] pQ/df lgb]{zgcg';f/ ljBfyL{n] lrx\g nufpg'k5{ .

iv) hf]8f ldnfpm k|Zg

b'O{ ljifonfO{ cnu cnu kª\lQmdf /fvL ltgLx¿sf] ;DaGwsf cfwf/df ldnfpg] k|Zg g} hf]8f ldnfpg] k|Zg x'g\ . Pp6f kbdf lbOPsf
s'/fnfO{ Primise jf d"n s'/f / ltg};Fu ldNg] u/L lbPsf]nfO{ k|To'Q/ (Response) elgG5 . hf]8f ldnfpg] k|Zgdf tYout s'/f k/LIf0f ug{
;xfotf k'Ub5 . o:tf k|Zgn] @ j:t'x¿aLr ;DaGw hfFRg ;lsG5 .
k/LIf0f gul/g] d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwgx¿
-s_ cjnf]sg
ljBfyL{sf] afgL Jojxf/ cflbdf s] s:tf kl/jt{g cfP jf cfPgg\ egL d"Nofª\sg ug]{ ;fwgdWo] cjnf]sg Ps xf] . cjnf]sgsf lktf eg]/
l;Dk;gnfO{ a'emfp‚5 .gofF 1fg k|fKt ug{sf nflu s'g} JolQm cyjf j:t'nfO{ k6s k6s x]g]{ sfo{nfO{ cjnf]sg elgG5 . . lzIf0f l;sfO
lqmofsnfkkZrft\ ck]lIft Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{gsf] dfkg ug]{ ;fwg cjnf]sg xf] .
>]0fL dfkg
k"j{lgwf{l/t >]0fLsf cfwf/df s'g} u'0fsf] :t/ dfkg ug]{ sfd >]0fL dfkgdf ul/G5 . >]0fL dfkgn] cjnf]sgstf{nfO{ ljz]if u'0fsf] dfkg ug]{ :ki6 /
k"j{lgwf{l/t cfwf/ lbG5 . ljz]if of]Uotf, cfr/0f, afgL / cGo u'0fx¿sf] ljsf; s'g xb ;Dej ePsf] 5 egL kQf nufpg cjnf]sg u/]/ ;xL
s'/fdf lrx\g nufO{ >]0fL hgfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ >]0fLdfkg ljlw elgG5 .
-cf_ ?h' ;"rL
of] ljBfyL{x¿sf] Jojxf/, u'0f, ljz]iftf;DaGwL s'/fx¿ :ki6 ¿kdf kQf nufpg, pgLx¿sf] of]Uotf, cfr/0f afgL;DaGwL jf:tljs ;"rL tof/ u/L
k|To]s ljifodf b]lvPsf jf:tljs pknlAwnfO{ cjnf]sg u/L ;xL :Yffgdf lrx\g nufpg] ljlw xf] . vf; :jefj, cfr/0f / Jojxf/ hfFRg
k|of]u x'g] eP klg ?h' ;"rL klxn] g} tof/ ul/G5 t/ >]0fL dfkgdf eg] of]Uotf, Ifdtfsf] :t/ cjnf]sg u/L ;f] efudf lrx\g nufO{ :s/Ls[t
ul/G5 .
-v_ 36gfj[Q clen]v
ljBfnodf ;~rfng ePsf ultljlwx¿dWo] s'g} 36gfljz]ifdf ljBfyL{sf] s:tf] Jojxf/ /xG5 To;sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ k|of]u ul/g] ljlwnfO{
36gfj[Q clen]v elgG5 . h:t}– s'g} ljBfyL{ uLt ufpg hfGb}g t/ uLt ufpg dg k/fpF5 eg] o; 36gfdf p;sf ultljlwx¿nfO{ ;ª\sng
ul/g] clen]vnfO{ 36gfj[Q clen]v elgG5 .
-u_ ;l~rt clen]v
ljBfyL{x¿ ljBfnodf k|j]z x'gf;fy pgLx¿ k|To]ssf] cnu cnu JolQmut ljj/0f kmfOn v8f ul/G5 . JolQmut ljj/0f kmfOndf ljBfyL{sf]
;fdflhs, kfl/jfl/s tyf z}lIfs ljj/0fx¿ ;ª\sng ul/G5, o;/L ;ª\slnt u/]/ /flvPsf] ljj/0fnfO{ ;l~rt clen]v elgG5 .
-3_ :jMd"Nofª\sg÷cfTdd"Nofª\sg
ljBfyL{n] cfkm"n] cfkm}+nfO{ cfÇgf]] ljifodf d"Nofª\sg ug'{nfO{ cfTdd"Nofª\sg elgG5 . ljBfyL{n] cfÇgf]] ?lr, of]Uotf, cle?lr, JolQmTj
cflbsf] :jMcWoog, :jMn]vfhf]vf u/L ;xL lg0f{o lng] jf pko'Qm of]hgf agfpg] k|lqmofnfO{ cfTdd"Nofª\sg elgG5 .
-ª_ ?la|S;
sfo{;Dkfbgdf cfwfl/t k/LIf0fdf ljBfyL{n] pNn]v u/]sf k|ltlqmof jf lqmofsnfknfO{ lglZrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df cTo'Std, pQd, dWod,
Go"g, Go"gtd h:tf >]0fLdf 5'6\ofO{ clGtd lg0f{o k|bfg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ cfwf/x¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] lgb]{lzsfnfO{ cª\sg lgb]{lzsf elgG5 .
cª\sg lgb]{lzsfsf k|sf/x¿ (Types of Scoring Rubrics)
-c_ l;ª\uf] cª\sg k|lqmof (Holistic Scoring Rubrics) : ;Dk"0f{ jf k"0f{ cª\sg lgb]{lzsfdf Pp6f k|Zg jf sfo{;DkfbgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL
To;nfO{ cª\sg ug]{ jf >]0fL 5'6\ofpg] ul/G5 . o;df k|Zgsf ljleGg c+z jf kIfx¿eGbf klg ;du|tfdf cª\sg ul/G5 .
-cf_ ljZn]if0ffTds cª\sg k|lqmof (Analytical Scoring Rubrics)M s'g} ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg, pQ/, sfo{ jf k|ltlqmofnfO{ ljleGg v08df
ljefhg u/L tL v08x¿sf] cnu cnu k/LIf0f u/L cGtdf ;a}nfO{ Ps 7fp‚df hDdf ug]{ u/L tof/ ul/Psf] cª\sg lgb]{lzsfnfO{
ljZn]if0ffTds cª\sg lgb]{lzsf elgG5 .
-r_ sfo{ ;~rlosf
ljBfyL{n] u/]sf jf b]vfPsf ljljw pknlAwnfO{ ;"rLs[t u/L d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/ tof/ kfg]{ sfo{ g} sfo{ ;~rlosf
xf] . sfo{ ;~rlosfsf] nflu kmfOlnª k|lqmof, cl8of] 6]k, lel8of 6]k cflbsf] ;d]t k|of]u ul/G5 . sIffsf]7fsf] jf:tljs lzIf0f k|lqmofnfO{
o:tf dfWodåf/f k|bz{g u/L gd'gf lzIf0f u/fpg ;3fp k'Ub5 .
glthf ljZn]if0f / o;sf] pkof]u
s'g} klg ljtl/t tYofª\sdf pRr / lgDg d"Nofª\sg x'G5g\ / To;df Pp6f To:tf] d"No x'G5, h;n] s]Gb|Lo em'sfj /fv]sf] x'G5 . o;n] s]Gb|Lo
d"No cyf{t\ cf};t d"Nosf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . dWoefudf /x]sf] Tof] cf};t cª\sn] tYofª\ssf] 7"nf]] efusf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
-s_ dWos (Mean/Arithmetic/Average)
k|fKtfª\sx¿sf] cf};t cª\s g} dWos xf] . k|fKtfª\sx¿sf] s'n of]unfO{ k|fKtfª\s ;ª\Vofn] efu ubf{ k|fKt x'g] cf};t cª\snfO{ dWos
(Mean) elgG5 jf Pp6f tYofª\s dfnfsf ljleGg kbsf dfgx¿sf] hf]8nfO{ To;sf] ;ª\Vofn] efu lbFbf k|fKt x'g] ;ª\VofnfO{ cª\s ul0ftLo dWos
elgG5 .
X
;"q, x = N
x = Mean (x bar eGg] ul/G5 ._
  X = Sum or total of scores
 X = Scores or Items -k|fKtfª\sx¿_
 N = Total number of score or total student number
 (Note u|Ls efiffsf] Capital letter sigma (_ n] hf]8kmnnfO{ hgfpF5 . _
 Individual Series
 pbfx/0f !M !) hgf ljBfyL{x¿sf] k|fKtfª\s lgDgfg';f/ 5 M
 24, 28, 32, 36, 17, 20, 28, 23, 30, 23
 oxfF,  X = 24 + 28 + 32 + 36 + 17 + 20 + 28 + 23 + 30 + 36 = 271
 N = 10
 X
 =
N
271
 =
10
 = 27.1
glthf ljZn]if0f ug'{k"j{ kb ljZn]if0f klg ug]{ ePsfn] oxfF To;sf] ;d]t rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .
vf; u/]/ j:t'ut k|Zgx¿ / Modified Essay Questions sf] dfq k/LIff k|Zg ljZn]if0f x'G5 . k/LIff ;~rfng u/L pQ/k'l:tsfx¿
hfFlr;s]kl5 k|To]s k|Zgsf pQ/nfO{ a]Unfa]Un} k/LIf0f ug]{ k|lqmofnfO{ k/LIff ljZn]if0f (Item analysis) elgG5 .
-s_ sl7gtf :t/ (Difficulty level)
s'g} k|Zgsf] sl7gtf :t/ eGgfn] Tof] k|Zg l7s pQ/ lbg ;Sg] k/LIffyL{x¿sf] cg'kftnfO{ hgfpF5 . s'g} k|Zgsf] sl7gtf :t/ ) b]lv !))
cª\s;Dd x'G5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu s'g} k|Zg ^)Ü ljBfyL{x¿n] l7s pQ/ lbg ;kmn eP eg] To;sf] sl7gtf :t/ ^) x'G5 . s'g} k|Zg
ztk|ltzt ljBfyL{x¿n] l7s pQ/ lbg ;kmn eP eg] To;sf] sl7gtf :t/ !)) x'G5 . s'g} k|Zg ztk|ltzt ljBfyL{x¿n] l7s pQ/ lbg
;s]gg\ eg] To;sf] sl7gfO :t/ ) x'G5 .
 ;fdfGotf #%Ü b]lv %)Ü sl7gfO :t/nfO{ :jLsf/ ul/G5 t/ k|Zg sl7g, dWod / ;/n ;a} k|s[ltsf x'g'k5{ .
k|Zgsf] sl7gfO :t/ lgsfNg] ;"q, -k|ltzt_
k|Zg l7s ug]{ ljBfyL{ ;+Vof
P = sIffdf hDDff ljBfyL{ ;+Vof ×100
According to Harper and Harper.
• 0-39 % = Very difficult,
• 40-60 % = General,
• 61-75 % = Substaintal
• 76-90 % = Easy,
• 91-100 % = Very easy,
-v_ lje]bg zlQm (Discriminating power)
k|Zgn] c;n / sd;n ljBfyL{x¿ 5'6\ofpg ;Qm}g eg] Tof] k|Zg d"NoxLg x'G5 cyf{t\ To; lsl;dsf] k|Zg sfd nfUb}g . s'g} k|Zgsf]
lje]bg zlQm eGgfn] l7s pQ/ lbg] ljBfyL{x¿sf] cg'kft / uNtL pQ/ lbg] ljBfyL{x¿sf] cg'kftsf] lx;fanfO{ hgfpF5 . ;+If]kdf o;nfO{
'D' elgG5 .

;"q,
H–L H–L
D= N = N ×2
2
lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg
lzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfksf] qmddf k|To]s ljBfyL{n] xfl;n u/]sf l;sfO pknlAwsf] n]vfhf]vf u/L pgLx¿sf] :t/ kQf nufO{ ;f] cg';f/
cfjZos ;'wf/fTds sbd rfNg' g} lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg xf] . lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg k"0f{¿kdf lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t 5 .
lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg k|lqmof -k|fylds lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^@ / @)^% cg';f/ t/ xfn of] k|lqmof sfof{Gjogdf 5}g_
lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofsf] d'Vo p2]Zo k7gkf7g;‚u} ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfOsf] :t/ kQf nufO{ sd l;s]sf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu
;'wf/fTds lzIf0f jf JolQmut ¿kdf ljz]if Wofg lbO{ l;Sg] k|f]T;fxg ug'{ xf] . o; d"Nofª\sg k|lqmofdf lgDgfg';f/ ljBfyL{x¿sf] k|ult clen]v
/fVg'kg]{5 .
!= ljBfyL{n] sIffdf l;s]sf s'/fnfO{ lglZrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df Psb]lv tLg cf]6f;Dd /]hf -√_ nufpg] .
@= clt pQdnfO{ tLgcf]6f /]hf -√√√_, pQdnfO{ b'O{cf]6f /]hf -√√_ / ;fdfGonfO{ Pp6f /]hf -√_ lbg] .
#= k|To]s kf7df /]hf lbgsf nflu lgDglnlvt dfkb08nfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] M
dfkb08 clt pQd pQd ;fdfGo
-!_ sIffsfo{ sIff ;xeflutf √√√ √√ √
-@_ kl/of]hgf sfo{ √√√ √√ √
-#_ Jojxf/ kl/jt{g √√√ √√ √
-$_ l;h{gfTds sfo{ √√√ √√ √
-%_ xflh/L √√√ √√ √
$= x/]s q}dfl;sdf /]hfsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDglnlvt tl/sfn] s, v, u >]0fLdf 5'6\ofpg] M
 &) k|ltztb]lv !)) k|ltzt;Dd – s >]0fL
 $) k|ltztb]lv &) k|ltzt;Dd – v >]0fL
 $) k|ltzteGbf tn – u >]0fL
%= kf7ut /]hfx¿sf] k|ltzt lgsfNg] tl/sf M
ljBfyL{n] kfPsf hDdf /]hf
;"q M /]hf k|ltzt ˜ hDdf k9fO ePsf kf7 ;ªVof  #  !))
pbfx/0fM– -s_ s'g} Ps ljifodf k|yd q}dfl;s;Dd k9fO eO;s]sf kf7 ;ª\Vof ˜ ^
s'g} Pp6f ljBfyL{n] pQm ljifodf k|fKt u/]sf] /]hf ;ª\Vof ˜ !%
 15 Â 100
;"qfg';f/ lx;fa ubf{, /]hf k|ltzt ˜ 6Â3 pQm ljBfyL{sf] /]hf k|ltzt ˜ *#=#
 lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg k4ltsf] d'Vo nIo ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ xf] . o;sf] k|d'v p2]Zo ljBfyL{sf] JolQmut l;sfO
pknlAwsf cfwf/df cfjZostfcg';f/ lg/Gt/ l;sfO cj;/ k|bfg u/L ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfO :t/df ;'wf/ ug'{ xf] .
 ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO clej[l4 ug{ k[i7kf]if0fsf] cxd\e"ldsf /xg] ePsfn] ;f]sf nflu lgDgk|lqmof ckgfpg'k5{M
 ;sf/fTds k[i7kf]if0f t'?Gt} lbg]
 /fd|f] u/]df k|z+;f / k'/:sf/ lbg] .
 lg/Gt/ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgsf qmddf ljBfyL{sf] sfo{ ;~rlosf -k|ult ljj/0f÷Portfolio_ kmfOn /fVg'k5{ . o;df ljBfyL{sf] sIffsfo{,
kl/of]hgf sfo{, pknlAw k/LIff, ljBfyL{df cfPsf] Jofjxfl/s kl/jt{g, cjnf]sg, xflh/L cflbsf clen]v /fVg'k5{ . o;nfO{ cBfjlws
ul//xg'k5{ .
cfwf/e"t txdf lnOg] k/LIff -cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^( cg';f/ t/ xfn sfof{Gjog 5}g_
 cfwf/e"t txdf lg0f{ofTds k4lteGbf a9L lgdf{0ffTds÷ ;'wf/fTds d"Nofª\sg k4ltsf cfwf/df ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ 5 .
 lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ljBfyL{x¿sf] l;sfO:t/df ;'wf/ ug'{ xf] . o;sf nflu lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf] JolQmut l;sfO pknlAwsf
cfwf/df k6sk6s l;sfO cj;/ k|bfg ug{'kg]{5 .
 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff ^ / &_ df ^) k|ltzt ef/sf] cfjlws d"Nofª\sg / $) k|ltzt ef/sf] lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sgsf dfWodn] ljBfyL{ pknlAwsf]
n]vfhf]vf ug'{kg]{5 .
 lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sgcGtu{t k|of]ufTds sfo{, ljBfyL{sf] sIff ;xeflutf, l;sfO Jojxf/df cfPsf] kl/jt{g, l;sfO ;Da4 l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿
cflb kg]{5g\ . o;nfO{ lzIfsn] lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sgsf ¿kdf ;DkGg ug'{kg]{5 . o:tf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ljBfyL{n] u/]sf] k|ultsf cfwf/df
pgLx¿nfO{ s, v / u >]0fLdf juL{s/0f ug'{kg]{5 .
cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)^( n] lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sg -$) k|ltzt_ sf nflu tof/ kf/sf] d"Nofª\sgsf] dfkb08 M
 k|of]ufTds sfo{ jf kl/of]hgf sfo{
 sIff ;xeflutf
 l;sfO ;Da4 l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿
 sIffsfo{
 pknlAw k/LIff -;fKtflxs, PsfO / dfl;s k/LIff_
 l;sfO Jojxf/df cfPsf] kl/jt{g -l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n u/], gu/]sf]_
 lzIfsn] d"Nofª\sg ug{ rfx]sf cGo kIfx¿ yKg ;lsg]5 .
lg/Gt/ d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/e"t txsf] >]0fL lgwf{/0f k|lqmof
-s_ kf7\out cfwf/df cª\s lbO;s]kl5 x/]s q}dfl;s cª\ssf cfwf/df ljBfyL{nfO{ lgDglnlvt tl/sfn] s, v / u >]0fL 5'6\ofpg] M
*) k|ltzt / ;f] eGbf dfly – ‘s’ >]0fL
^) k|ltzt / ;f] eGbf dfly &( k|ltzt;Dd – ‘v’ >]0fL
$) k|ltzt / ;f] eGbf dfly %( k|ltzt;Dd – ‘u’ >]0fL
-v_ kf7ut pknlAw cf};t lgsfNg] tl/sf M
k|To]s kf7df ljBfyL{n] k|fKt u/]sf] >]0fLnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ‘s’ kfPdf *), ‘v’ kfPdf ^) / ‘u’ kfPdf $) cª\s 7fgL q}dfl;s cjlwdf k|fKt
u/]sf] ‘s’, ‘v’ jf ‘u’ sf] ;Dk"0f{ cª\snfO{ l;sfO ;s]sf kf7 ;ª\Vofn] efu u/L cf};t >]0fL lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sgsf ;DefJo tl/sf tyf ;fwgx¿
qm=;+= d"Nofª\sgsf tl/sf d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwg s}lkmot
! cjnf]sg ?h' ;"rL, ?la|S; / >]0fL dfkg, df}lvs k|Zg, kmf/fd, 36gf j0f{g
@ df}lvs sfo{ k|Zg, lrq, k7g ;fdu|L, ;Gbe{, 36gf, >Jo tyf b[Zo ;fdu|L
# lnlvt sfo{ k|Zg, 36gf, ;Gbe{, k7g ;fdu|L, >Jo tyf b[Zo ;fdu|L
$ kl/of]hgf tyf k|of]ufTds sfo{ ?h' ;"rL, ?la|S; / >]0fLdfkg, df}lvs k|Zg
% sfo{;Dkfbg tyf k|bz{g ?h' ;"rL, ?la|S; / >]0fL dfkg, df}lvs k|Zg
^ ;xkf7L d"Nofª\sg ?h' ;"rL, >]0fLdfkg, kmf/fd
& :jMd"Nofª\sg ?h' ;"rL, >]0fLdfkg, kmf/fd
* cleefjssf] k|ltlqmof ?h' ;"rL, >]0fLdfkg, kmf/fd
( s'/fsfgL, 5nkmn ?h' ;"rL, >]0fLdfkg, kmf/fd
ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw:t/ / To;sf] ;fdfGo JofVof
pknlAw:t/ dfkg pknlAw:t/sf] ;fdfGo JofVof
sdhf]/ (Below basic) ! d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ug{ g;s]sf], ;a}h;f] l;sfO pknlAwsf nflu
;'wf/fTds l;sfO cfjZos ePsf]
;fdfGo (Basic) @ d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw cf+lzs ¿kdf xfl;n u/]sf] t/ ;'wf/fTds l;sfO
cfjZos ePsf]
/fd|f] (Proficient) # d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw w]/}h;f] xfl;n u/]sf]
pRr (Advanced) $ d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw / dflyNnf] :t/sf] pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf]
 ljifoIf]q tyf lydcGtu{tsf l;sfO pknlAwsf] cª\sg ul/;s]kl5 ljifoIf]q tyf lydsf] ;du| pknlAw k|ltzt lgDgcg';f/ lgsfNg'k5{ M
pknlAw:t/sf] c+ssf] hf]8
If]qut jf lydut pklAw k|ltzt ˜ $  d"Nof+sg ul/Psf l;sfO pknlAwx¿sf] ;+Vof  !))
 sIffsf] cGtdf ;a} pknlAwdf k|fKt pknlAw:t/sf] cª\ssf cfwf/df ljBfyL{sf] ljifoIf]qut ;du| pknlAw:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
ljifoIf]qut ;du| pknlAw k|ltzt lgDgfg';f/ lgsfNg'k5{ M
pknlAw:t/sf] c+ssf] hf]8
ljifo If]qut ;du| pknlAw k|ltzt ˜ $  d"Nof+sg ul/Psf l;sfO pknlAwx¿sf] ;+Vof  !))
cfwf/e"t lzIff kf7\oqmd, @)&* -$ / %_ M cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sg
 ;xeflutfM sIff ;xeflutf / l;sfOdf ;lqmotf = $ cª\s
 k|of]ufTds sfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{ jf cGo = #^ cª\s
gof“ kf7\oqmdcg';f/ cfGtl/s d"Nof+sg 9f“rf -sIff $–%_
ljifo c+s M $ c+s #^ c+s !) hDdf c+s %)
g]kfnL ;xeflutf M ;'gfO / k9fO / k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
sIff ;xeflutf / af]nfO– @) n]vfO – – % c+s – % c+s
l;sfOdf ;lqmotf – c+s !^ c+s
$ c+s
English Participation : Listening Reading 1st Term 2nd Term Total : 50
Attendance, and and Exam - 5 Exam - 5
Students' Speaking - Writing - Marks Marks
performance in 20 marks 16 Marks
teaching and
learning activities
- 4 Marks
ul0ft kf]6{kmf]lnof] n]vfhf]vfM k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
-sIff sfo{, PsfO sfo{ – #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
k/LIff / ljleGg
;dodf u/]sf ljlzi6
sfo{x¿_ – $ c+s
lj1fg tyf ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
k|ljlw sIffdf pkl:ylt / sfo{ – #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
l;sfO ;lqmotf – $
c+s
;fdflhs ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds÷ kl/of]hgf sfo{ – k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
 cWoog tyf sIffdf pkl:ylt / #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
dfgj d"No l;sfO ;xeflutf – $
lzIff c+s
:jf:Yo, ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
zf/Ll/s sIff lgoldttf / sfo{ – #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
lzIff tyf l;sfO ;xeflutf – $
l;h{gfTds c+s
snf
gof“ kf7\oqmdcg';f/ cfGtl/s d"Nof+sg 9f“rf -sIff ^–*_
ljifo c+s M $ c+s #^ c+s !) hDdf c+s %)
g]kfnL ;xeflutf M k9fO / n]vfO ;'gfO / k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
sIffdf pkl:ylt / ;Lk– @) c+s af]nfO ;Lk – % c+s – % c+s
sIff sfo{df – !^ c+s
;xeflutf– $ c+s
English Participation : Listening Reading 1st Term 2nd Term Total : 50
Attendance, Students' and and Exam - 5 Exam - 5
performance in Speaking - Writing - Marks Marks
teaching and learning 20 marks 16 Marks
activities - 4 Marks
ul0ft ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds÷kl/of]hgf sfo{ – k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
sIffdf pkl:ylt / #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
sIff sfo{df
;xeflutf – $ c+s
lj1fg tyf ;xeflutf / ;lqmotfM k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
k|ljlw sIffdf pkl:ylt / sfo{ – #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
lgoldt d"Nof+sgaf6
sIff l;sfO sfo{df
ljBfyL{sf]
sfo{;Dkfbg /
;xeflutf – $ c+s
;fdflhs ;xeflutf / ;lqmotf M k|of]ufTds÷ kl/of]hgf sfo{ – k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
cWoog tyf sIffdf pkl:ylt / #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
dfgj d"No sIff sfo{df
lzIff ;xeflutf – $ c+s
:jf:Yo, ;xeflutf tyf k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M %)
zf/Ll/s tyf ;lqmotf M sfo{ – #^ c+s – % c+s – % c+s
l;h{gfTds sIffdf pkl:ylt,
snf sIffsfo{, u[xsfo{,
kl/of]hgf sfo{ tyf
k|of]ufTds sfo{df
;xeflutf tyf
;lqmotf – $ c+s
gof“ kf7\oqmdcg';f/ cfGtl/s d"Nof+sg 9f“rf -sIff ( / !)_
ljifo c+s M # c+s !^ c+s ^ hDdf c+s @%
g]kfnL ;xeflutf M ;'gfO / kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M @%
sIffdf pkl:ylt / af]nfO– !) sfo{ / – # c+s – # c+s
sIff lqmofsnfkdf c+s l;h{gfTds
l;sfO ;xeflutf – # sfo{
c+s k|:t'lt – ^
c+s
English Participation : Listening Speaking 1st Term 2nd Term Total : 25
Attendance and Test - 8 Test - 8 Exam - 3 Exam - 3
participation in Marks Marks Marks Marks
classroom activities
- 3 Marks
ul0ft ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M @%
 sIffdf pkl:ylt / sfo{ – !^ c+s – # c+s – # c+s
sIff lqmofsnfkddf
l;sfO ;xeflutf – #
c+s
lj1fg tyf ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds tyf kl/of]hgf k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M @%
k|ljlw sIffdf pkl:ylt / sfo{ – !^ c+s – # c+s – # c+s
sIff lqmofsnfkdf
l;sfO ;xeflutf – #
c+s
;fdflhs ;xeflutf M k|of]ufTds÷ kl/of]hgf sfo{ – k|=q}= k/LIff bf]=q}= k/LIff hDdf M @%
cWoog sIffdf pkl:ylt / !^ c+s – # c+s – # c+s
sIff lqmofsnfkdf
l;sfO ;xeflutf – #
c+s
cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwgx¿ / k|of]u
qm=;+= ;fwg k|of]u
ljBfyL{n] u/]sf k|of]ufTds sfo{÷kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{sf nflu
!= ?la|S; / >]0fL dfkg
?la|S; / >]0fL dfkgsf] ljsf; u/L k|of]u ug{'k5{ .
ul0ftsf k|lqmofut ;Lkx¿sf] d"Nofª\sg, kf7ut ¿kdf ljBfyL{n]
Jojxf/ cjnf]sg kmf/d
@= l;Sg'kg]{ ;Lk tyf ltgsf] k|of]u / Jojxf/ s'zn ;Lksf] dfkg ug{ ?h'
;"rL, >]0fL dfkgnufotsf Jojxf/ cjnf]sg kmf/fd k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .
k|To]s kf7df sIff ;xeflutf, u[xsfo{, kl/of]hgf sfo{, k|of]ufTds sfo{sf
qmddf ljBfyL{x¿n] b]vfPsf] ;lqmotf, l;h{gfTdstf, l;sfO Jojxf/,
#= lzIfssf] clen]v sfdsf] :t/sf, k|blz{t Jojxf/ s'zn ;Lkx¿ kf7\oqmddf lgwf{l/t l;sfO
pknlAwsf cfwf/df s'g :t/sf] /x]sf] lzIfsn] JolQmut ¿kdf clen]v
/fVg'kg]{5 .
kf7 jf PsfO lzIf0fsf qmddf ul/g] lnlvt sfo{ tyf lnOg] 5f]6f] k/LIff,
$= sIff k/LIff
q}dfl;s k/LIff
df}lvs k|Zgf]Q/ lzIf0f l;sfOs} qmddf ;f]lwg] k|Zgx¿ o;cGtu{t k5{g\ . o;sf] glthf
%=
clen]lvt ug'{kg]{ ePdf lzIfssf] clen]vdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .
ljBfyL{sf] lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sgsf nflu cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgaf6 k|fKt lglZrt cª\snfO{ cfGtl/s d"Nofª\sgsf ¿kdf %) k|ltzt ef/
lgwf{l/t u/L afFsL %) k|ltzt ef/sf] clGtd k/LIff ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
cfjlws d"Nofª\sg
lg0f{ofTds d"Nofª\sgdf clGtd k/LIffsf] ef/ %) k|ltzt x'g]5 . k|To]s k/LIffdf k|Zg ;f]Wbf z}lIfs ;qsf] ;'?b]lv k9fO ePsf ;a} kf7x¿af6
;d]l6Psf] x'g'kg]{5 . o; ljifosf] k/LIffdf ljz]if u/]/ 1fg / af]w, k|of]u / pRr bIftfdf cfwfl/t x'g]5g\ . kf7\oqmdn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf p2]Zocg'¿k
ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, ;Lk, clej[lQ k|fKt u/], gu/]sf] d"Nofª\sg u/L To;sf] cfwf/df k|df0fLs/0f ul/G5 . clGtd k/LIffsf] k|Zgkq kf7\oqmd ljsf;
s]Gb|n] tof/ u/]sf] ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL lgdf{0f ul/g'k5{ .
k|Zgx¿sf] j}wtf
c;n dfkg Pjd\ k/LIf0fdf x'g'kg]{ Pp6f cfjZos u'0f j}wtf xf] . Ps lglZrt p2]Zosf ;fy s'g} klg k/LIf0fsf] lgdf{0f ul/G5 . k/LIf0f lgdf{0f ubf{
/fv]sf p2]ZonfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s dfkg ug{ ;lsG5 eg] Tof] k/LIf0f j}w x'G5 . k/LIffn] hfFRg vf]lhPsf] s'/f slt dfqfdf hfFr]sf] 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{
g} Tof] k/LIf0fsf] j}wtf elgG5 . dfkg ug{ vf]h]sf] s'/fnfO{ b'?:t -l7s_ 9ª\un] dfkg ug{ ;Sg'nfO{ k/LIf0fsf] j}wtf elgG5 . j}wtfsf] ;DaGw
k/LIffsf] p2]Zo;Fu /xG5 .
j}wtfsf k|sf/x¿
k/LIf0f lgdf{0f ubf{ /fv]sf p2]ZonfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s dfkg ug{ ;S5 eg] Tof] k/LIf0f j}w x'G5 . j}wtfsf k|sf/ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M
-s_ ljifout j}wtf
s'g} klg kf7\oqmddf lglZrt ljifoj:t''x¿ /flvPsf x'G5g\ . To:tf lglZrt ljifoj:t''nfO{ k/LIff ;~rfng x'g'k"j{ g} cWoog cWofkg
ul/;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . kf7\oqmddf /flvPsf ;a} ljifoj:t''n] ljBfyL{nfO{ lglZrt 1fg lbg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] x'G5 . ljBfyL{n] pko'Qm p2]Zo k"/f u/]
jf u/]gg\ eg]/ k/LIff ;~rfng ul/G5 . k/LIff ;~rfngsf nflu k|Zgkqsf] lgdf{0f ul/G5 . k|Zgkq lgdf{0f ubf{ kf7\oqmdn] tf]s]sf] ;Dk"0f{
ljifoj:t''nfO{ ;d]6\gk' g]{ x'G5 . o;/L k|Zgn] ;Dk"0f{ ljifoj:t'' ;d]6\g ;s] ToxfF ljifout j}wtf ePsf] dflgG5 .
-v_ cfwf/;DaGwL j}wtf
k/LIf0f j}wtfsf] clt k|rlnt / dxŒjk"0f{ ¿k cfwf/ j}wtfnfO{ dflgG5 . s'g} klg ljifosf] jt{dfg jf eljiodf k|fKt x'g] cfwf/x¿nfO{ ;dfj]z
u/L agfOPsf] k/LIf0fsf] k|fKtfª\ssf] aLrsf] ;x;DaGwsf] t'ngf u/L lgsflng] j}wtfnfO{ cfwf/;DaGwL j}wtf elgG5 .
-u_ /rgfTds j}wtf
JolQmsf Jojxf/x¿df jf dgf]lj1fgdf s]xL o:tf kIfx¿ x'G5g\ h;nfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf cjnf]sg ug{ ;ls‚b}g To;nfO{ k|ToIf¿kdf b]lvg]
ljifoj:t'';Fu ;DalGwt u/fpg ;Sg'nfO{ /rgfTds j}wtf elgG5 .
ljZj;gLotfsf] cjwf/0ff
 ljZj;gLotf d"Nofª\sgsf] ckl/xfo{ u'0f xf] . o;n] dfkgåf/f k|fKt kl/0ffdsf] l:y/tfnfO{ hgfpF5 . s'g} dfkgsf] ;fwg ljZj;gLo 5 eg]
;dfg u'0f dfkgsf nflu lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ;fwgnfO{ ;dfg JolQmx¿sf] ;d"xdf k6s k6s dfkg ubf{ ;dfg glthf k|fKt x'G5 . ljZj;gLotf
dfkgsf ;fwgsf] Tof] u'0f xf], h;n] o; ;fwgåf/f ul/Psf] dfkgsf] z'4tf, l:y/tf Ps¿ktfsf af/]df k|fdfl0fs hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpF5 .
ljZj;gLotf lgsfNg] tl/sf÷ljZj;gLotfsf ljlwx¿
-s_ k/LIf0f k'gM k/LIf0f ljlw
k/LIf0f k'gM k/LIf0f ljlw ljZj;gLotf u0fgf ug]{ k|rlnt ljlw xf] . o;df s'g} klg dfkgsf] ;fwgnfO{ ;dfg JolQmx¿sf] ;d"xdf lglZrt
;do cGt/fndf b'O{ k6s k/LIf0f ul/G5 . oL b'j} k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt glthfaLr ;x;DaGwsf] u0fgf u/L k/LIf0fsf ;fwgsf] ljZj;gLotf
lgsflnG5 . o;/L k|fKt ;x;DaGwsf] ;"rsnfO{ ljZj;gLotfsf] ;"rssf ¿kdf lnOG5 .
-v_ ;dfgfGt/ k|f¿k ljlw
ljZj;gLotf u0fgf ug]{ csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ ljlw ;dfgfGt/ k|f¿k ljlw xf] . o;df ;dfg k/LIf0f Ifdtf ePsf b'O{j6f dfkgsf ;fwg tof/ kfl/G5
/ Pp6} ;d"xdf dfkg ul/G5 . To;kl5 k|fKt glthfaLr ;x;DaGw u0fgf u/L ljZj;gLotf lgsflnG5 .
-u_ cw{ljefhg ljlw
o; ljlwåf/f k/LIf0fsf] ljZj;gLotf u0fgf ubf{ s'g} k/LIf0fsf] ;fwgåf/f JolQm tyf ltgLx¿sf] u'0fnfO{ dfkg u/L k|fKt ePsf] k|fKtfª\s
cyjf glthfnfO{ hf]8L k|Zg ;ª\Vof / lahf]8L k|Zg ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df cw{ljefhg ul/G5 . o;/L k|fKt b'O{ k|fKtfª\saLr ;x;DaGw u0fgf
u/L ljZj;gLotf lgwf{/0f ul/G5 .
