\\ '\

* -'7'

f * r,
\" \

bli\ 4{

n
I
t
-
I
\
\
a \

r
4 U n i t1

Sw it chon 2 Mat ch t h e ef f ect so f t ech n o l o g yt o p i ct u r esA- F. Decl d e

t w hich ef f ect sar e poslt ive,and w hich ar e negat ive.
Look at pict ur es A- F. They show w ays in w hich
t echnology af f ect s how w e live. I dent lf y t he dif f er ent 1 f ast t r av el 7 r o ad d eat h s
i t em s i n each o i ct u r e ) rttrav -^ ll' '+ i^ -
8 sp aceex p l o r at i o n
3 n u cl earm i ssi l es 9 over w eight people
4 l essh o u sew o r k 1 0 g l o b a1w ar m i n g
\ nheen n^ r^ raT 1 1 easy co m m u n i cat i o n
6 n o i se p o l l u t i o n 1 2 m ass en t er t ai n m en t
EXAM PLE

Pict ur eA 8 ( Posit Í veeffect ) j ( Negat ive effect )

lil
,/
/t
I-

I-
a -

I -

t rt t F

$; :
ffi"
tr
 Tech n o l o g yan d so ci et y

o sp eak i n gab o u t t h e w ay t ech n o l o g yaf f ect so u r l i v es

o l i st en i n gt o p eo p l ed escr i b i n gt h e ef f ect so f n ew
t ech n o l o g yo n t h ei r w o r k
o co m p ar i so n sw i t h ad j ect i v esan d ad v er b s
o h o w t o st r esst ech n i calw o r d s
o h o w t o g r o u pa n d r e m e m b e n r ewt er m s

list ening o Lan gu agespot

Tech n ologyan d w or k Com par ison sw it h adj ect ivesan d adver bs
I f ) f ist en t o f our people descr ibing t he ef f ect sof new . The speaker sar e com par ing how t hings ar e now
t echnology on t heir w or k. Mat ch each per son t o his / wit h how t hey were before:
h er j o b . I t 'sm uchf ast er .
I t 'smore realist ic.
I t 'ssafer.
My salesar e m uchw or se.

t We m ake com par isons w it h shor t adj ect iveslike/ ast

by adding - er ) f ast er .
Wit h long adj ect iveslike r ealist ic, w e use m or e and less
) more / I essrealist ic.
Not e t he ir r egular f or m s:Qood) bet t er and bad )
w or se.

Som e adver bsar e t he sam e as adj ect ives,f or exam ple

ear ly, f ast ,high, lat e, Wí t h t hese adver bs,w e use - er )
earli er,fa st er, high er, Iat er.
Wit h adver bsending in - ly,w e use m or e and less.We
can add m uch t o em phasize t he com par Í son:
Wit h a com put er I can w or k m or e ef f icient ly and m uch
fast er.
) ) Go t o Gt am m at r ef er ence p. 115

I f iU t ne gaps t o com par e com put er s now and t en year s

ago.Use t he adj ect ivesÍ nbr acket s.

I Vera a shop owner Com put er s t o day ar e m or eP ow er Í ul' ( pow er f ul) '

I Lnr r st r ne b doct or They operat e -'( fast ) and t hey have much

3 Gupt a c m usicÍ an -' ( lar ge)m em or ies. Becauset hey cont ain
m or e elect r onics, t hecaseshave becom e o
4 Ant on d t each er
( big) but t he flat -screen monit ors are -5
Q List en again. Decide w het her each per son m akes
com m ent s w hich ar e posÍ t ive,negat ive,or bot h. ( heavy) and fit int o a -' ( small) space on your
Ti ck ( / ) t h e co r r ectco l u m n ( s) . desk.Com put er s ar e also 7 ( cheap) .The pr ice

Posit ive Negat ive is 8 ( low) nowt han

i Vera in t he past .The pr ogr am s t oo

2 Chr ist ine ar e e ( good) They
.
Gupt a are -t o
4 Ant on ( sophist icat ed) and you
canw or km uch
Q Wor k in pair s. List en t o t he shop ow ner again and
11
w r it e dow n w hat he says.Help each ot her t o m ake a
com plet e and accur at ever sion. Then com par e w it ht he ( effcient ly) .
List ening scr ipt on p. 124.
l - cl ass( ad j n ) o t d i v i d e di n t o
, u s i n e s sa,n d e c o n o m y
f i r st b
cl asses
t hata
r a n g e ( n )t h e d i s t a n c e
l e f o r ei t n e e d s
p l a n ec a nt r a v e b
m o r ef u e l
r : e i l i n g( n ) t h em a x i m u m
h e i g h t h a t a p l a n ec a nf l Y
í !'h\
"i* '" Tno'u "'u,,

{ $\ €
1 l
-,'
\\\*

. en st u d y t h e
Lo o kat t h e d i ag r am so f t h e Ai r b u s A3 8 0 an d t h e Bo ei n g7 4 7 Th
t ab l e an d co m p l et esen t en ces1 - 8 co m p ar i n gt h e t w o p l an es'

Ai r b u sAl 8 0 Bo ei n g7 4 7 1 Th e Ai r b u s i s _ - ( l o n g )t h an t h e Bo ei n g

2 Th e Bo ei n g i s a l i t t l e - - ( sh o r t )t h an t h e
lengt h 73m 7 O. 1 m
Ai r b u s.
w r n g s p na 79.8m 64.4m ( h eav y )w ei g h t
3 Th e Ai r b u s can car r y a -
'180,800 t h an t h e Bo ei n g .
w ei g h t ( em p t y ) 2 7 5 , 0 0 0k g kg
4 Th e Bo ei n g i s - ( f ast )t h an t h e Ai r b u s.
w eight 5a8, 000kg kg
39r , ooó
5 Th e Ai r b u s can f l y - - - ( f ar )t h an t h e Bo ei n g
( m a x i m u mt a t e o f f )
6 Th e Bo ei n g can f l Y- ( h i g h )t h an t h e
s p e e d( m a x i m u m ) 9 4 5k p h 1 , 1 2k7p h
Ai r b u s.
r ange 1 5 , 1 0k0m 1 4 2 0 0k m ( pow er f ul) .
7 The AÍ r busengines ale - . -
cllins 13,100m 13,500m 8 Th e Ai r b u s w as i n t r o d u ced_ - ( r ecen t l y ) .

c a p a c i t (ym a x i m u m ) 8 4 0 ( l - c l a ss) 5 5 0( 1 - c l a ss) 3 No w w r i t e t h r ee m o r e sen t en ceso f y o u r o w n

4 t ur bof ans co m p ar i n gt h e t w o Pl an es.
engr nes 4t ur bof ans

t h r u st 1 , 2 0 8k N 1 , 0 9 6k N

r , r , t i n t r . o au á zooi r9 8 ó
 T e c h n o l o gayn d so c i e t y 7

Read i n g Vocabu lar y

Br an ch esof t ech n ology Recor din gn ew w or ds
Readh ead l i n es1 - 8 f r o m r ecen tn ew s st o r i es.Mat ch t h e One ef f ect ivew ay of r ecor ding key w or ds used in
h ead l i n est o t h e co r r ectb r an ch o f t ech n o l o g ya- h . t echnology is t o gr oup t hem int o w or d set s.St udy t he
exam ple of how t o gr oup w or ds r elat ed t o
biot echnology.
l'|
L \I i ( ' r ' t l V t ' l l l ' l t l l l l i l l l ...t '..í ..j

b r ' . r i nc c l l s i i * . .,.,.rrl$,'
-t
, L | 15b illiont ext m essag essen t ev er ym on t h

i;l
! USA developing a vveaprrn
t o f ire m icrow aves
L< ?Lr iA^ Ln+

E]
ilI AJOI T I I AOI ( AI '| ) I CI T ( Jd resear'

El W o r l d ' st aIl est b r i d g eo p ens

Wor k in pair s. Make w or d set s f or each of t he br anches
o f t ech n o l o g yí n Read i n g .

Anot her w ay t o r em em ber key w or ds in t echnology Í s

t o m ake w or d car ds.St udy t he exam ple of a w or d car d.

I n f o r m at i o n t ech n o l o g y

-l Key w o r d T r an sl a t i o n
t i l l p o w crsp a ce cr a f l
Su n l i g h w MLA^ or / 4
Pa r to f sp e e c h Pr o nu n c i a t i o n
8 Naruw qs t o noun ( uncount ablo) / ' m em er r /
m ake shoes Sa m p l ese n t e n c e W o r d so f t en u sedw i t h
t h e k eyw o r d

a biot echnology l4e,uor4is used lor chip, slot , carJ,

b def ence
proqraMs and dat a random accLss
c cr i m e
Design your ow n w or d car dst o help you r em em ber
d i n f o r m at i o n t ech n o l o g y
your t echnical vocabular y.Make w or d car dsf or six of
e m anuf act ur ing t h e w o r d s y o u l i st ed i n l . Use a g o o d En g l i sh - En g i i sh
f civil engineer ing dict ionar y such as Oxf or d Wor dpow er , t ohelp you.
g t elecom m unicat ions
h irrn< nnrt
8 Un i t l

Gadget box AB5 ( n )An t i l o ckBr a k i n g

A sm okedet ect orisa saf et ydevicet o det ectsm okein t he air . Syst em
; 'gt ''t 'z-'
Therearet wo t ypestan opt icaldet ect orwhichoperat eswhen
smokedist urbsa beamof light ,andan ionizat iondet ect orwhich

v/ oper at es w henver ysm allpar t icles

elect r iccur r ent .
of sm okeint er r uptan

Wher eist he bestplacet o put a sm okedet ect orin a house?

Pronunciat ion Pairwork

Wordst ress Work in pairs,A and B. Eachof you has informat ion
about one of t he launch syst emsin t he pict ures.
Q t ist en t o t he t echnical w or ds and m ar k t he st r essed Exchangeinformat ion wit h your part ner by asking
part of each word.
and answ er ingquest ionsand com plet et he t able.
EXAMPLEs 9nline en g i n eer
1 machine 5 mechanical 9 elect ron
2 m achiner y 6 t echnical 10 elect r onics
3 m echanÍ cs 7 t echnician 11 elect r ical
4 m echanic 8 t echnology 12 elect r ician

Vocabulary
Wordgroups
Som e t echnical w or ds look sim ilar t o each ot her but ar e
used in different ways, for example, mechanic and
m echanics. One w ay t o r em em ber t hese w or ds and t he
differences bet ween t hem is t o put t hem int o groups.

Mechanicbelongs t o a group cont aining people and

j obs. MechanÍ csbelongs t o a group of subj ect s. You can
t hink of your or,rmgroups t o help you remember ot her
t echnicalt er m s.

Put t he list of common t echnical words Í nt ogroups

St udentA Go t o p.110.
usingt he t able below .
St udentB
mechanic mechanics m echanÍ caI m echanism
elect r on elect r onic elect r onics
St udentAs St udentB's
t echnical t echnology t echnician
launchsyst em launchsyst em
elect ricit y elect rical elect r ician
engin€ n sin€
€ Í
€ n€
€ in€
r in€
€ Ar i a n e5 Pr ot onM
Cou n t r y Ru ssi a
Subj ect s Peo p l ean d Things Adj ect ives
j obs Fi r stl a u n c h e d 1965

en9t neenng engt neer en9t ne engineering Hei g h t 53m

Diam et er 7. 4m

En g i n e s

PayloadCTO 6 , 0 0 0k g
( g eost at ion ar y
or b it )
t r an sf er
Ma ss 4 5 6 , 4 0 0k g

Lif t - oftfhr ust 1,745

kN
 Tech n o l o g yan d so ci et y 9

Ch ecklist
Assessy o u r p r o g r essi n t h i s u n i t .
Ti ck( / ) t h e st at em en t sw h i ch ar et r u e.

I can t al k ab o u t t h e p o si t i v ean d n eg at i v e
ef f ect sof t echnology

l c a n m a k ec o m p a r i so nw
s it had j ect iv es
a n da d v e r b s
Proiect class
: survey I k n o w t h r eew ay sf o r r eco r d i n ga n d
St udy t he lÍ stof t he t en m ost im por t ant t echnologÍ cal r e m e m b e r i n ng e w w o r d s
innovat ions of t he past 60 year s.Wor k in gr oups,and
I k n o w h o w t o st r essco m m o n t er m s
or der t hem 1t o 10 ( 1= m ost im por t ant , 10 = I east
i n t ech n o l o g y
im por t ant ) .Then ask your t eacher ,and com par e w it h
r esult sf r om a r ecent sur vev in t he UK. M y r e a d i n ga n d l i st e n i n ga r eg o o d
I nnovat ion Or der en o u g ht o u n d er st an dm o st o f each t ex t
i n t h i su n i t
ABS br akes
AÍ r b a g s
Cr edit car ds
Digit al cam er a Key w ords
DNAt est i n g Adj ect ive
Lasereye sur ger y r eal i st i c

Long. lÍ f e,I ow - ener gy light bulbs No u n s

Microwave oven ex p l o r at i o n
globalw ar m ing
Mo b i l e p h o n e
i n n o v at i o n
Sm oke det ect or m i ssi l e
Find out f r om ot her st udent s w hat t hey consider t he pollut ion
m ost im por t ant t echnological innovat ions in t heir p o w er st at i o n
lÍ ves.Make a list of t he t en m ost im por t ant f or your r ocket
cl ass. sat el l i t er ecei v er
sm o k ed et ect o r
t ake- of f
Webquest t h r u st

Find out t he year of int r oduct ion f or each of t he Ver bs

innovat ions in t he Pr oj ect :classsur vey.Com par e affect
answ er s w it h ot her st udent s Í nyour class. dow nload
ExAMPLE Sm okedet ect or 1969 h ack

These sear ch engines and t his sit e m ay help: N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n ga b o u t h o w En g l i shi s u se d

w w w . g ooole. com i n t e c h n o l o g y t h aits n e w t o y o u .
w w w . a sk j e e v e s. c ou.k
w w w .w ikipedia.or o
l 0 U n i t2

Sw it ch on
1 St udy t he descr ipt ion of t he cour se of AI ec
Ham m ond, a t echnology st udent f r om Scot land,
and answ er t he quest ions.
1 How long does t he cour se last ?
2 What j obs can he do af t er he com plet est his
co u r se?
3 Can he st udy a f or eign language?

Civil engineering, HND

I deal f or st t Ldenlsw ho w ant t o f ollow a cit r L'( ; t 'utCt vil enginex'r ing.

Dur at ion:
T\ ro years full-t ime, st art ing in Sept ember

Over view :
The const ruct ion indust ry needs well{ rained and qualified managers, t echnologist s, and
t echnicians. This course is designed t o t each you t he sl< rllsnecessary for a managerial role in
t his indust ryYou will learn t he lat est const ruct ion pract ices and be given t he opport unit y t o
specí alize in one ar ea'
Cou r se con t en t
Youst udy core unit sin;
. CAD . Fluidm echanics
. CommunÍ cat t ons . Geot echnics
. Const ruct ionm anagem ent . IT
. Const ruct ront echnology . Mat hs
. Const ruct ion surveyng . Mecharucs and
. Civil engnneerurgmat erials st ruct ure
. Drawing and design

Youcan t akeaddit ional unit sin;

. Advanced st ruct uraldesign
. Advanced surveying
. Highway engineerurg
. Qualit y assurance
. a foreign language
What can I do next ?
On successf ul com plet ion of t he cour se, you m ay pr ogr ess t o a r ange of degr ee- level cour ses
Som e st udent s pr ogr ess t o em ploym ent as Clvil engnneer ingt echnicians / t echnologr st s
 St u d y i n g t e c h n o l o g 1y l

ln t hisunit
o l i st en i n gf o r d et ai l
O Pr esen tSi m p l ev Pr esen tCo n t i n u o u s
o keyt er m s f or d if f er ent br anchesof t ech nology
o st r o n gan d w eak f o r m so f au x i l i ar yv er b s

I n w hich of t he cor e unit s w ill t hese t opics be cover ed? Wor k in pair s. Ask and answ er t he quest ions.
1 t h ep r o p er t i eso f co n cr et e 1 What choice do st udent s have if t hey successf ully
2 comput er applicat Í on soft ware com plet e t he cour se?
3 f or ces on a st r uct ur e 2 I st his cour se sim ilar t o engineer ing cour sesin your
4 calculus count ry?
5 report vwit ing
3 Wouldvouliket of ollow t his cour se?

List ening
Th ecou r se Q t ist en t o par t 2 of t he int er view . Fill gaps 1- 8 in t he
t im et able.
Look at Alec's t im et able below . Som e of t he
inf or m at ion is m issing. Bef or e you list en, answ er t he Q Here are t he int erviewer's quest ions from part 3 of
quest ionsabout t he t im et able. t he int er view . Pr edict how AI ec answ er s t hem . Then
1 What t im e do classesst ar t each day? list en t o par t 3 and check your answ er s.

2 Which r oom is Mat hs in? 1 What do you hope t o do at t he end of your cour se?

3 Who t eaches Calculus? 2 What kind of degr eew illyout ake?

4 What do st udent s do on Tuesdaysand Thur sdaysT 3 Ho w l o n g w i l l i t t ak eT

4 When you st art work as a civil engineer, what do
f ) t ist en t o par t 1of t he int er view . Answ er t he you w ant t o build - houses,or big st r uct ur es like
quest ions.
br idges and r oads?
1 Which st age of t he cour se Í sA] ec at 7
Writ e your own t imet able in English, including t he
2 How m any w om en ar e t aking t he cour se?
following informat ion :
3 W h at ag ew as h ew h en h el ef t sch o o l ?
* cour se t it le
4 Which subj ect did he enj oy m ost at school? r l esso n t i m es
5 What iob did he do w hen he lef t schoolT * subj ect s
. nam es of t eacher s
. self - st udyt im e andf r eeper iods

Civil engineering, Semest er 2

09. 00- l L00 . l 5 - 1 2 .l 5 3 . 1 5 - 1 4l .5 4.30-16.30
2
Mon Mat hs Civil engineering
3,r 4,5 G2 Mat erials Labs 4.4
H. Lom ax B'Daüs WeiMing D.Cow an

Ttre SEL F- ST U D Y
3
llVed Calculus
4.2 4.5 4.5 FREE
B.Davis J, Bell J. Bell
Í hur .T'DY

Fri
C4
c.Doyle
I T) Cow an T) (lowa D.Cow an
1 2 U n i t2

ofen g in eer in
stgu d en t s
18%
o n u n r v e r sr tco
y u r se sI n
t h e U5 A i n 2 0 0 4 w e r e
f em ale

. Languagespot 9 They- ( t hink) it will increase t he amount

of t r af f ic near t heir hom es.
Pr esen tSim plev Pr esen tCon t in u ou s 10 The old br idge - ( car r y)t en t im es t he
o St udy t hese examples from t he int erview. \ rt / hyis t he t raffic Í twas designed t o carry.
Pr esent Cont inuous used f or sent encesl- 4 and Pr esent
2 Answert hese quest ions about yourself wit h complet e
Sim ple f or sent ences5- 8?
sent ences.Use t he t im et able you w r ot e in 5 on p. 11t o
1 You'r edoing an HND in Civil Engineer i. ng.
help.
2 What 'st he com panyw or king on?
1 What are you st udying?
3 They'r et ur ning an old f f ice building int o a
n Í g h ct l u b . . , 2 Where are you st udying?
4 I 'm doing a pr oj ect on a new br idge. . . 3 Ho w l o n g i sy o u r co u r se?
4 I s it par t - t im e or f ull- t im e?
5 I h av e cl assest h r eed ay saw eek . . .
5 What qualificat ion do you get when you complet e
6 I really enj oy it .
t he cour seT
7 I like t he m at hs and physics side of it . . .
8 I w ant t o go on t o do t he degr ee. A What ar e t he m ain subj ect s?

r We use t he Pr esent Cont inuous f or t hings t hat ar e

7 Which subj ect do you find most dÍ fficult ?
happening now and f or a lim it ed per iod ar ound now : ó Why do you find Í tdÍ fficult ?
I ' m st udying Civ iI Eng ineering. 9 Which subj ect do you enj oy m ost ?
r We use t he Present Simple for t hings which are 1 0 How m any classesdo you have each w eek?
always t rue: 11 When do your classesst ar t each day?
Copper conduct s elect ricit y.
T2 When do t hey f inish?
f or r epeat ed act ions,habit s, and event s: 1 3 Do you have any self-st udy t ime?
Wef inish ear ly on Wednesdays.
74 What do you hope t o do when you finish your
wit h verbs t hat describe t hinking and feeling: cour se?
I like calculus.
3 Ask t he sam equest ionst o your par t ner .
) ) Got o Gt am m ar t eÍ er ence p. 115
4 Usingyour answ er st o 2,com plet et he gapsin t his
t Put t he ver b in t he sent encesin t he cor r ect t ense. descr ipt ion.
Pr esent Sim ple or Pr esent Cont inuous.
1 Ms Davis - ( t each) Mat hs. I 'm st udying at 'z.I t 'sa

2 Classes- ( st ar t )at nine o'clock. . When I complet et he

( t ake)an HND cour se. cour se,Iw ill get a e.
3 AI ec -
4 He - ( st udy) at Telford College t his year Themain subj ect sare 6. The subj ectI find
5 On Tuesdays, he - ( st udy) in t he library. ' . I find it difficult because
most difficult is
6 He - ( w ant ) t o be a CÍ vilEngÍ neer .
.8. The subj ect I enj oy most is
He - ( w or k) on a pr oj ect about a new
I have ! classeseachw eek. Classesst ar t
br idge.
A lot of local people - ( not / I ike)t he each day at -'1 and finish at -'2 .I
pr oposal.
When I finish my course,I hopet o
 St u d y i n g t e ch n o l olg3y

Pronunciat ion Q Now list en t o t he quest ionsand answers.Underline

t he st r ongf or m s.
St r ongandw eakf or m sof auxiliar yver bs
Work in pairs.Ask and answer quest ionsl-8 about
Auxiliary verbshavest rongand weak forms. yourself.Give ext rainformat ion if possible.
Q List ent o t he exam ples. EXA M PL E

DoesAI eclikeMat hs? Yes,he d.oes. A Ar eyou st udyingt o bean engineer ?

I she in hisfirstyear? Yes,he is. B Yes,Iam,I ,dlÍ ket o bea civil engÍ neer.
Weuset he st rongform when t he auxiliary verb Í s 1 Do you like your course?
st ressed,as in t he short answersin t he examples.The 2 Ar et her eanyw om eninyour class?
weak form is usedwhen t he auxiliary is not st ressed. 3 Haveyou got any lab work on your course?
Thisis usually in Yes,/ Noquest ions.
4 I st here any proj ectwork on your course?
Answ ert he ouest ionsaboutAlec. 5 Doesyour cour set aket w oyear sT
l I she st udyingt obe an engineer ?Yes,heÍ s. 6 Doyouhavet opassallt he m odulesT
2 Ar et her eanyw om eninhis class?- 7 Can you st art a degreeaft er your course?
3 Doeshis cour set aket w oyear s?- 8 Willyou lookf or a j ob af t er yourcour se?
4 Can he st art a degree aft er six mont hs?
5 Hashe got accept ancefrom t wo universit iesT
Pairw ork
6 Doeshe havet o passall t he m odules?
- Work in pairs,A and B. Each of you has part of a
t imet ablefor a st udentt aking a diploma in comput ing
7 Will it t ake him four yearst o complet et he BEng?
support .Exchangeinformat ion wit h your part ner by
asking and answeringquest ions.Complet et he t able.
8 Has he got any lab work on his course?
St udentA Go t o p.110.
St udentB

09.00-11.00 11.15-'t 3.00 | 14.00-15.30

'r5.30- 'r6.30

Mo n SELF- STUDY
Tues Tu t or ial Har d w ar e Clien top er at in g
in st allat ion syst em s
& m ain t en an ce
R] 1 0 Rl 0 2
Wed Com p u t er St r uct ur ed
op er at in g pr ogr am m in g
syst em s
R] 0 5
Thur l T ap p l i cat i o n s Com p u t er Fr ee
ar ch it ect u r e
R] 07 4104
Fri Co m m u n i c a t i o n Fr ee Fr ee
sk i l l s
R] 0 5
1 4 U n i t2

Pr oblem - solvin g 6 Mechanical engineer ing Í sabout designing and

m aking all t he par t s of m achines t hat m ove. That
I Pict ur es A- H r epr esent dÍ f f er entbr anches oí
could m ean r ocket science or bike design - and
t echnology.Mat ch each pict ur e t o sent encesl- 8.
ever yt hing in bet w een.
1 Elect r ical engineer ing is about gener at ing and
7 Chem ical engineer ing is about usÍ ngt he pr ocesses
supplying pow er .
w hich change m at er ials in a chem ical or physical
2 Elect r onic engineer Í ngis about designing and w ay. The sciencebehind t hese pr ocesseshelps t o
m aking m achines t hat use elect r ic pow eÍ ' f ind out t he best w ay t o m ake t he r ight pr oduct s.
3 CivÍ lengineer ing is about designing, building, and 8 I nf or m at Í ont echnology is about using com put er s
looking af t er st r uct ur es. f or collect ing,st or ing, and sending inf or m at ion.
4 Mar ine engineer ing is applying engineer ing t o t ake
2 Wor k in gr oups of t hr ee or f our . Make a list of as m any
advant age of t he sea.
ot her br anches of t echnology as you can. Tr y t o explain
5 Manuf act ur ing engineer ing is about m aking usef ul t hem in English.
t hings f r om r aw m at er ials.

tr o

jt
l/

.t{
tr-
l-r
 St u d y i n g t e c h n o l o gl 5y

Ch ecklist
Assessy o u r p r o g r essi n t h i s u n i t .
Ti ck( / ) t h e st at em en t sw h i ch ar et r u e.

I k n o w k eyt er m sf o r d i f f er en tb r an ch es
o f t ech n o l o g y

I u n d e r st a n tdh e d i f f e r e n c ePr
: e se n Si
t mole
v Pr e se n Cot nt inuous
Webqu est I u n d e r st a n tdh e d i f f e r e n c est: r o n ga n d
I St u dy t h e cou r se descr ipt ion an d com plet e t h e t able. w e a kf o r m so f a u x i l i a r yv e r b s

M y r e a d i n ga n d l i st e n i n ga r eg o o d
Ho r n b t ' Oo l l cg , c o l - ' l ' cch n o l o g t ' e n o u g ht o u n d e r st a n d m o st o f e a c ht e x t
i n t h i su n i t
For t n c1at it lt -l)t cgr cc l 5ó3: Cor ll; r t r t ir r g _ Wcb t ech r r ologv

What are t he ent ry reqw irement s?

Ar . rA- level qu alif icat ion , bu t n , e u , ill con sicler ot h e r

qu alif icat ion s in clu clin g i't n vn 'or k cxpcr ict - t cc) , ou h ir vc. Pr ior
Key w ords
. rrgn bc l. r clpf u l.
kn or vlcdgc of cor . r . r pr . r t ircr Ad v er b
o v er seas
Hov long doest he course last ?
Nou n s
T h r e e Yca l s.
a r ch i t ect ur e
What can I do uit h t his qw alif.cat ion? car eer
c o n st r u c t i o n
ht t hcr snrdy:
co ur 5 e
Yo u ca n g ( ) ( ) n t o t l k e a n Ho n o u r s cl cg r cc i n Oo n r p t r t e r
. h i s n cccl sj u st o n c n r o r c \ , cl r o f f i r l l -
st u cl i csa t l u n i v cr si t r ' T lab
t ir - r 'rst
c u clv. m an u f a c t ur i n g
q u alif icat ion
Oar t cr :
Th is clegr cc givcs r 'ou t h c ch r n cc t o r r 'or k ir - rcor n m cr cc,
r esear ch
in clu st r l', cu t cr t liu n r e n t , r r n clt h c pr . r blicscct or . Tl- r er c ir r c j ol'r se m e st e r
o1'r por t u n it icsin t r lclit ion r l lr cr r s of cor - r - r 1'r u t inir sgu 'cll as u , e[ - r st r u ct ur e
clcvclopm en t , r 'n akin g cligit al iu r r r gcsf ir r r r n ir - t 'r r t ion: r, n cl su b j ect
co l n Pu t e r g a n l cs. t e c hn i c i an
t r af f ic

Co l l e g eo r Un i v e r si t y Ver b
p r esen t
Cour se
En t r yq u a l i f i c a t i o n s N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n ga b o u t h o w En g l i shi s u se d
i n t e c h n o l o g y t h aits n e w t o y o u .
Len g t h

Car eerp r o sp ect s

Wor k in gr oups.Sear ch one of t hese sit es each f or a

cour seyou f ind int er est ing. Not e t he lnf or m at ion in a
t ab l e si m i l ar t o t h at i n l .
w w w .h e r e f o r d - t e c ha.c .u k
w w w . du d l e v c o l a
. c .u k
w w w .u t s . e d u . a u
w w w . t t ue. d u
w w w .u n i t e c . a cn. z

Shar eyour í nf or m at ion and t r y t o agr ee on t he best

cour se.Then explain your choice t o t he ot her gr oups.
'16
U n i tl

Sw i t ch o n
Lo o k at p r o d u ct sA- F i n p ai r s.An sw er t h e q u est i o n sf o r each p r o d u ct
1 W h at l s i t ?
2 W h o u sesi t ?
3 W h at d o y o u t h i n k m ak est h e d esi g n g o o d o r b ad ?

f;t
r

a _

.'..} í .

-t

&

t ..!
 Desig n1 7

ln t hisunit
O k ey t er m in
s d esig n
o sp eak in ang dw r it in gab ou td esig nr eq u ir em en t s
o h ow t oaskYes/ Noan dI n f or m at ion q u est ion s
o list eningt o andr eading aboutdesignerdescr s t heirw or k
ibing
o u sin gy ou rsear chsk illst o f in dou t ab ou tt h ew or kof
f am ou sd esig n er s

List ening Mat ch t he quest ionst o each st agein t he design

process.Thereis moret han one quest ionfor some
Thedesignprocess st ages.
Q List ent o a designert alking about t he designprocess. BXAMPI E
Complet et he missing st agesby choosingfrom t he list . O-gest ion St age
a choosinga solut ion I sit saf e? 6 t est Í n g
b evaluating a What aret he most suit ablemat erials?
c invest igat ing b Doesit w or k ?
d realizat ion c \ Á/ hat exact lyisr equir ed?
e t hedesignbr ief d How w elldoesit m at cht hebr ief ?
e How w illt hepr oduct look?

* # * á| F# * f I st his t he bestdesign?
g How many ways aret heret o solvet his problem?
h How can we make a prot ot ype?
St age
i Can it be improvedT
I *

o LanguaBespot
# Quest iont ypes
o Yes/ No and informat ion quest ions
When we want t he answer Yesor No,we ask quest ions
St age
3
danelopinq altemative solutions
i
a
# like t hese:
Doesit work?
I sÍ tsafe?
*
5t age
4 f'-
I
# r For specificinformat ion,we ask quest ionslike t hese:
How wiI It heproduct look?
I AI hatmat erialsare available?
*
c Yes/ No quest ionsst art wit h an auxiliary verb ( can,
5t age
5 I
I
# do,has,is,w Í ll,et c.)w hich is f ollow edbyt he subj ect :
Dí dyou t est Í t ?
* o I nformat ionquest ionsst art wit h a Wh- quest ion
word ( what ,where,when,which,who,why, or wit h how,
St age
6
testing
I
a
# howmuch,how many,how long, et c.)Not . e t he auxiliary
verb and t he word orderwhen t he quest ionword is t he
* obj ect :
5t age What doeshe design?
7 * ) ) Go t o Gramrnar reÍ erencep.116
1 8 U n i t3

1 Make t he st at ement s int o Yes/ No ouest ions Cust om e]CaÍ e

1 I t 'ssaf e.
Usin g n on - specialist! an gu age
2 I t works well.
3 You can m ould som e plast ics easily.
4 She m ade a m odel.
5 Hehas desÍ gnedalot of pr oduct s.
6 You design spor t s equipm ent .
7 The mat erials are available.
8 He built a prot ot ype.
9 They've drawn a lot of sket ches.
10 She t hinks nylon is t he best choice.

2 Ask inf or m at ion quest Í onst o get t he answ er s.

1 Where
She w or ks Í nLondon
)' t
2 When A com put er specialist is t r ying t o advise a non-
She m ovedt her e in 2006. specialist about w hich m onit or t o buy. Which par t s of
3 What ? his explanat ion m ight be dif f icult f or a non- specialist
She designs m obile phones. t o under st andT
4 Who ? í í Them onit or is an im por t ant par t of t he hum an
I work wit h a t eam. int erface wit h t he comput er. I advise t his TFT XGA
5 Which m at er ial ? l9- inch f lat panel. This m odel has 1024by 768 pixels
W euse plast ic so you get a high- r esolut ion dÍ splay. ''
why ?2 Com par e t his ver sion. Has t he specialist m issed out
BecauseÍ t 'seasyt om ould. anyt hing import ant T
How ? í í When you w or k on a com put er ,t he m onit or is ver y
This m odel w eighs 120gr am m es.
im por t ant . I t has t o be t he r ight size and give you a
How ?
clear pict ure so it 's comfort able t o work wit h. The
I t cost s€
4 00. scr een size is m easur ed diagonally f r om one cor ner
9 How t o anot her .You need at least a 19- inch scr een.The
I t hasm or et han t w ent vf unct ions. pict ur e Í scom posed of t iny pict ur e elem ent s or
'pixels'.
10 Wher e ? The more pixels you have, t he sharper t he
You can buy it anywhere. dÍ splay'This model has a high number of pixels so
you'll get aver y good display. t t

t Wor k in pair s. Pr epar e an explanat ion f or a non-

specialist of one of t hese t opics or on a t opic in your
ow n f ield. Thent r y your explanat ionw it h a new
part ner.
, * how a diesel engine w or ks
r how a sem iconduct or w or ks
t ' how GPS works
' how a nuclear power st at ion works
Yo us e et h i n g sa n d y o u s a y ' Wh y ?'Bu. ta d e si g n e r
d r e a m tsh i n g st h a t n e v e rw e r ea n d s a y s ' W h yn o t ?'
Ge o r g eBe r n a r dSh a w a d a p t e db y Di ck Po w e l l

I t 'sm y j ob
St u d yt h e r eq u i r em en t si n t h e d esi g n b r i ef f o r
Ken n et h Blake:
Ken n et hBl ak e,a Fu r n l t u r eDesi g n er .Th en m at ch Fu r n it u r eDesÍ gn er
eachr eq u l r em en tt o t h e co r r ectr easo n .

Pr oduct :gar den chair I decided t o use piast ic becauseit 's dur able.You can
m ake it in a lot of colour s and it 's easy t o m ass- pr oduce
Requir em ent Reaso n p l ast i ci t em s.
1 l i g h t w el g h t a st o r eseasi l y i n I w ent t o t he local gar den cent r e t o exam ine t he chair s
w r n t er ot her com panies m ade, t he r ival pr oduct s,and t o f ind
-7 s- "f r' n" n
oo b sp en d sm o st o f out t heir cost - about €2 0. I bought t hr ee dif f er ent
t h e t i m e o u t si d e m odels. I w ant ed a chair w it hout ar m s so I cut t he ar m s
3 st ack ab l e c su p p o r t sh eav y of f one. This m ade t he back t oo w eak so I added ver t ical
adult s suppor t s t o m ake t he back st r onger .

av ai l ab l ei n a r an g e d k eep s I sket ched m y designs on paper , and f r om t hese I

o f co l o u r s m anuf act ur ing pr oduced t echnical dr aw ings w it h all t he dim ensions. I
co st sl o w m ade a f ull- scale m odel t o
pecrrt nliff m ake sur e t he chair looked
5 dur able e
good and w as com f or t able.
6 co m f o r t ab l e f co m p et esw i t h Then I t r ansf er r ed m y
r Í va] s dr aw ings t o a 3- D com put er
7 easy t o m ass- p r o d u ce looks at t r act ive m odelling pr ogr am , and sent
8 se] l sf o r ] esst h an €2 0 h en co u r ag es a copy by f iie t r ansf er t o t he
p eo p l et o u se i t m oulding com pany.
' \ -'---

i' L, 'D ( They m ade a

m ould and sent

f
, - n \ lll
llt m e a pr ot ot ype
chair . I added
m or e suppor t s t o
. w t{ { . t h e b ack an d t h e
chair w as r eady t o

n
Readab o u t Ken n et h .Co m o l et esen t en cesi - 6 w i t h
W r i t e q u est i o n st o ask Ken n et h ab o u t h i s d esi g n .Th e
w or ds f r om t he t ext .
an sw er ssh o u l d b e l n t h e t ex t ab o v e.
1 Pl ast i ci s v er y h ar d - w ear i n g- i t ' s- .
EXA M PL E S
2 A co m p an yw h i ch co m p et esw i t h y o u r s i s a
W h y d i d y o u g o t o t h eg ar d en cen t r e?
Ho w m u ch d o g ar d en ch ai r sco st ?
3 A- h el p st o m ak e a st r u ct u r est r o n g er Di d y o u m ak e a m o d el ?
4 Kennet h - hÍ sdesigns f ir st and t hen
No w p r act i sey o u r q u est i o n si n p ai r s.Tak et u r n s t o ask
m ak esf i n i sh ed d r aw i n g s.
and answ er .
You can m ake hundr eds of plast ic chair s f r om one

6 A- i s a m o d el w h i ch i s r ead yf o r t est i n g .
2 O Un i t3

Gadget box
Th i sw al l - m o u n t edCD p l ay er w asd esi g n ed b y Jap an ese
d esi g n er Nao t oFu k asawj u a stf o rf u n i n 1 9 9 9 No
. wi t i s
o n eo f t h et o p sel l i n gp r o d u ctat
s Mu j i .
W h yd o y o ut h i n kt h i sd esi g ni ssosu ccessf u l ?

List ening Problem - solving

Wor kin gw it h design 1 Wor k in sm all gr oups.Look at t he desÍ gnsf or chaÍ r s
w hich ar e used in a r oom int ended bot h f or lect ur es
t You ar e going t o hear t hr ee people t alking about t heir
and for Í ndoor sport s. List t he advant ages and
work wit h design. Before you list en, find out how each
disadvant agesof each m odel.
of t he w or ds in t he diagr am below r elat est o design.
Use t h e Gl o ssar yo n p . 1 3 1 t oh el p .
Usefullanguage
I t 'st ooheavy. I t looks comfort able.
I t 'snot st rong enough. You can st ack it .I t 'sst ackable.

O T SI GN

Q Now list en and not e t he answ er s t o t he quest ions.

A Karl
1 What does he design?
2 What t wo t hings does he t hink about when he's
designing?
3 W h at d o esh est ar t w i t h ?
B Mart in
4 What does he design?
5 What t w o t hings does he have t o balance?
6 W h at d o esh est ar t w i t h ?
C Hilary
7 What does she do?
8 What t w o gr oups does shew or kw it h?
9 W h at d o essh eh av et o w o r k o u t ?

Work in pairs. Writ e down as much as you can of what

Kar l says.Help each ot her t o m ake a com plet e and 2 I n your gr oups,design a chair f or use in classr oom sin
accur at ever slon. Then com par e w it h t he Llst ening your school or college.Sket ch your solut ion and pr esent
scr i p t o n p . 1 2 5 . it t o t he c] ass.Decide w hich chaÍ ris t he m ost suit able.
 D e si g n 2 1

Ch ecklist
Assessy o u r p r o g r essi n t h i s u n i t .
Ti ck( / ) t h e st at em en t sw h i ch ar et r u e.

I k n o w k e yt e r m sf o r t h e m a i n st a g e s
i n t h e d e si g np r o c e ss

l c a n a sk Ye s/ N o a n d I n f o r m a t i o n
q u e st i o n a
s ccu r at ely
Pair w or k l c a ne x p l a i nu s i n gn o n - s p e c i a l il satn g u a g e
I Wor k in pair s,A and B. Each of you has inf or m at ion
M y r e a d i n ga n d l i st e n i n ga r eg o o d
about one designer .Com plet e t he t able below f or your
e n o u g ht o u n d e r st a n dm o st o f e a c ht e x t
designerand exchange inf or m at ion w it h your par t ner
i n t h i su n i t
b y ask i n g an d an sw er i n g q u est i o n s.

St u d en tA Go t o p . 1 1 0 .

St u d e n tAs St u d en tB' s Key w ords

d e si g n e r d e si g n e r
Adj ect ives
Nam e r i v aI
v er t ical
Dat es
Nou n s
Nat i o n a
lit y
br ief
Fa m o u fso r c o st n
r 8s
d e s i g inn g f u n ct ion
m an u f act ur er
St udent B m odel
Fer d i n an dPo r sch e( 1 8 7 5 - 1 9 5 Au
1 ) .st r i an car d esi g n er mould
w ho cont r ibut ed t o t he design of t he f ir st Volksw agen p r o du ct
and t he Aut o Union r acing car s. pr ot ot ype
su p p o r r
2 ln your pair s, f ind out t he sam e inf or m at ion about
t h esed esi g n er s Ver bs
ev aIu at e
i n v est i g at e
m a ss- p r oudc e
sk et ch

N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n ga b o u t h o w En g l i shi s u se d
i n t e c h n o l o g y t h aits n e w t o y o u .

These sit es m ay help you:

w w w . t i n y u rcl .o m / q a t 7 n
w w w .w ikipedia.or g
2 8 U n i t5

Sw it chon Reading
1 Wor k in pair s. Look at t he m echanism and answ cr Th ein ven t or
t he quest ions.
1 Wor k in pair s. What do you know abolr t t he Í nvcnt orof
i What is it ? t he. clockw or k r adÍ o, ?Read t he f ir st par agr aph of t he
2 What does it do? t ext and check your answ er s.
3 Ho w d o es i t w o r k ? 2 Read t he r est of t he t ext and m at ch par t s a- - et o t he
4 I n w hÍ ch par t s of t he w or ld is it used? num ber ed com ponent s on t he diagr am .
5 What 's it m ade f r om ? a w inding hanclle
b st eel sp r i n g
c gener at or
d g ear s
e pulley

3 Scan t hc t cxt What do t hc f ollow ing nuinbr : r sand

quant it Í csr ef elrt o?
a m o r ct h an t w o m i i l i o n
D b(,

c3V
d 30 ininr " r t cs
c 199i
f 30mA

4 Conqr let c t hc si: nt ence, usin6;

s inf or m at ion f r om
t he t ext .
1 As y o u t u r n t h c h ar t d l eo n t h c si r l c o f t h c r ad i o ,

2 W h , : ' nt h c sp r i n g t i n w i r LCs,

3 As t h c g cn cr at o rt u r ] r s,- - - -

Th c sp r i n g h as cn o u g h l r o v r cLt or u n t h c r ad i o f o r 3 0
m í n t t t esb cf o r c

5 T i r e ' e l c c t r i c s h o e ' c h a r g e s b a t l c r i e- s- -a.s

2 f ) I r t owhst en t o t he cxplanat lon by an

Agr icuit ur al EngÍ neerand , check yor t r ansr , vcr s.
 ln t hisunit
O , l r ' , ' 1, ; ir . ' i , l'i,rr

O h c , n rt l , r t j e i i , i l í |l i ', irt
1 r ,l r i L i r
l lrirl.

O l . i ; ) t t r , . l t ' : ri ; . i l ' i l : r l ,

Oli! t r l l i l i j r r ' . : lli1, - )l .i rr,ir,t.:

Th e clockr r u or kr a clii' r
I ' r c , , r cI lr, i , ' i i Il ;l ;: r t ti n , i r ' I t t o t . i r , i l r , i . , ; 1 r , ,y i , i l t i r r t r ri l r rt I '. i,; .r',.iltr'
'\ tir
I Lt1 9 9 1h, e l i c a t , ia l r o r t t l i e g ( t n c r i l t ( r r i i l r i r s r ; n . ' I i t n 't itl r; l I ; l i t .- , . t iI I it s, li
p r o b l c r no f b r i n g i n gh ea l t h g c n r : t a t r : s c l c r t r i c i t , . ' ; 1r r l ; l l 1 p ; ro i 3 \ i ; i t ; t l r . - , r i. tl O n t l \
inf orm ; .riiou t crp co p l ' j n T h r : s i ; r i n 1 , 1 t ; t sc i t o t t l l i r l ) . ) I / 1i i:.r ( ' r r i i r l l t i t . r r li r t [ o r 3 0
nr r al Af iir : a.Radio w e: it hc: n . t j i ' r t l r . bs r ' Í . l t . ' ) , r l hr rl i ' r i : i o r . v i l l r ti t i | ] ) , l r ' l Jt 1 '
b est r v ay b u t p eo p l e l r i r i n r r | Á ( ) r c t h a n t r n , om i l I i o n 1 . ] ; l i i i ' ' ."l . lI i : l l i ] i ' ]; 1 I { 1. l l r t l ' l :l , l ]i
el ect r i ci t l 'an d co r . r l d n l' ti ay o v e r t h e t n , , o r l d J' t r : v o r Jt r r , , l i 'l:r : r ; r I r i r t r ' . r r t ' , 1 ; r r t
f o r ex p cn si r r cb at t r . ' r i i :So : 1 .h ' clr : : ct r icsh oc' .
l l c l t l t t g r l ;b : r t i . r j ^ t r r ' r i ) i rr \ r . r l 1 '
invcnt cd a r ar lio t nr hich
d o c s n ' l n e c d n r a i n s p o w r r o r b a t t e r i c s .I n s t c a d ,i t
co n si st s o f a sp r i n g , g e a r s' a l l d a sm a l I [ j ( ] I l í r ] I a t ( ) Í -

So h ow dol: s h is r llo. 'k l^ r r lilir - ;dt io act 'rt l. i] l) Í, tt t t r : 1iI . l . l A ll

y o r rt r r r n t h c h a n d l e o n t h c s i d c t r ft l r c t . a di o . y r ntt r n i' t t i l
u p a s p r l n g . i t ' s t h c s a u t e k i n d o f s t r : . ' sl 1 r ltt t t lr i : . , ' ri :r lLr ' '
sa Í e t yb e l t s' I t t i - r k e s6 0 t r t r r r st o w i r r d t r 1 tl h c ; p i i r r ;
f u lly.

W h e n t h c s p r i n g s t , t r t ; i o t i i r r r i i t t dI h. r :5 ; ' r i . i , I r i i ' i l
T h e r e a r e t h l ce 1 : I 0 st i : p r r p E; e a r s f i t , : l ; : i , t; ; t ,i - ' t t p i t I ' l i
. i l l cy s r u n n ' r o r c r l r t i ctI y ' I h , r rr f , r ' ar s si ) t Lri ;
i s a p r . r l l t : yPt
r-
3 0 U n i t5

Gadget box
Pr of essorNegr opon t eof MI T ( Massach u set t sI n st it u t eof Tech n ology)in t h e U5A
h a sd e v e l o p e da cl o ck w o r kco m p u t e rw h i ch w i l l co st l e sst h a n $ 1 0 0 . T h ilso w - co st
l a p t o pi s i n t e n d e df o r ch i l d r e ni n t h e d e v e l o p i n gw o r l d .l t u se s' o p e nso u r ce '
so f t w a r ea n d w i l l co n n e ctt o W i - Fin e t w o r k s.He h o p e st o p r o d u ce1 5 0m i l l i o na y e a r .
W h y d o e st h i s co m p u t e ru se ' o p e nso u r ce ' so f t w rae a n d co n n e ctt o W i - Fin e t w o r k s?

o Lan gu agespot 2 Choosesuit ablet im e w or dst o f ill t he gapsin t he

explanat ionof a t w o- st r okeengí ne. Uset he diagr amt o
Tim e clau ses help.
. To show act ions in quick succession,w e use w hen:
Thet wo-st rokeengine
Act ion 1 The spr Í ngst ar t st o unw Í nd. 1youcan use a t wo-st rokeengÍ ne, you
Act ion 2 The gear s engage.
havet o fill t he fuel t ank wit h pet rol and oil in t he right
Whent he spr ing st ar t st o unw ind, t he gear sengage.
rat io,usually 40: 1.
Com bust t on
st r oke
t he sparkplug fires,t he fuel ignit es. The
explosionpushest he pist on down.-3 it
. To show act ions happening at t he , " * e t l* e* , '- movesdown,it compressest he fuel in t he crankcaseon
t he ot her sideof t he pist on. 4t hepist on
nearst he bot t om,it uncoverst he exhaustport .The
Act i o n l Yo u w al k . pr essur ized f uel in t he cr ankcaser ushesint o t he
Act ion 2 The elect r ic shoe char gesbat t er ies. cylinder.Thepressurepushesout t he exhaust gas.
As you w alk, t he elect r icshoe char gesbat t er ies. 5t he pist on reachest he bot t om,it
uncoverst he fuel int akeport .
Compresst onst roke
6t he pist on movesup t he cylinder,it
com pr esses t hef uel.At t he sam et im e,t he f uel valve
Toput act ionsin sequence,
w eusebef or eor af t er : ?t h e
op en san d f r esh f u elissu ck edin . Ju st
Act ion 1 Theradí oplaysfor 30 mÍ nut es. pist onr eachest he t op of t he cylindert, he plugf ir es
Act Í on2 You havet o wind it up again. agaÍ nandt hecycler epeat s.
Ther adioplaysf or 30 m inut esbef or eyou havet o w ind Two-st rokeenginesare powerfulfor t heir sizebut t hey
it u p ag ain . producea lot of pollut ion.They wear badly and

!-ew
st hey havebeenusedf or som et im e,t hey
-__- produceoÍ lysmoke.
@b"t SPARK PLUG
Go t o Gr am m ar r ef er ence p. 117

I Link t he pair s of act ions w it h a suit able t im e w or d.

COMBUSTI ON
1 The w ind t ur ns t he pum p blades. / The pist on
moves up and down.
2 The blade r ot at es./ Wat er is pum ped f r om t he w ell.
3 Baylis invent ed t he clockwork radio. / He invent ed
t he elect r ic shoe.
4 The I nt er net exist ed./ The Wor ld Wide Web becam e
popular .
5 The gener at or t ur ns. / I t pr oduceselect r icit y.
6 She lef t college' She becam e an engÍ neer .
7 You apply t he br akes./ The car slow s dow n.
8 You pr ess t he acceler at or ./ The car speedsup.
 Ap p r op r iatt eech n olog y3 l

Problem - solving Pairw ork

The St irling engine is a simple hot air engine. Look at I Work in pairs,A and B. St udyt his phot o of an
t he diagram and put t he sent ences in t he correct order appr opr iat et echnologydevice.Discusst oget herw hat
t o explainhow it w or ks. it m ig h t b e.
..u...: i: ...r1 ()
DI SPLACER COOLED CHAMBER
PI STON

?, ,

.E'É ff3-t
t.i
ll
((
't : i: : 1 POWER
PI STON

Theair coolsand pressuredropsin t he power Each of you has a diagr am of t he device.Exchange

cylinder. - informat ion wit h your part ner by asking and
b Thisdisplacest he air t o t he hot end. - answering quest ions. Label all t he component s.

c Theair heat sup rapidly and pushest he power St udent A Go t o p. 111.

pist onbackupt hecylinder . - St udent B Go t o p. 113.

Thismovementrot at est he flywheel,drawÍ ngt he f ) Toget her decide how t he device oper at es.Then
displacerpist ont o t he coldend of t he cylinder . compare your explanat ion wit h t he recording.

e Thepow er pist onm ovesdow nt hecylinder . -

Speaking
f \ Alhent he displacer moves t o t he hot end of t he
cylinder ,air is displaced t o t he cold end. - St udyt hesest at ement sabout appropriat et echnology.
Tick ( / ) t he onesyou agr eew it h and cr oss( X) t hoseyou
g This rot at es t he flywheel and moves t he displacer
dÍ sagr ee w it h.
p i st o n b ack t o t h e h o t en d . -
1 Appr opr iat et echnologyis only f or poorcount r ies.
Wor k in pair s. DecÍ dew hich f act or is t he m ost
import ant t o t he successful funct ioning of t he engine.
2 Technologyst udent sshould invent and make
Can you explain why?
appr opr iat et echnologydevices.-
a The amount of heat applied
3 St udyÍ ngappropriat et echnologyis a wast e of t ime.
b The size of t he flywheel
The t ype of met al which t he pist on is made of
d The t emperat ure difference bet ween t he ends of t he 4 Appropriat et echnologyis out -of-dat et echnology.
displacer cylinder
e The ext ernal airt emperat ure Now compareyour answerswit h your part ner.DÍ scuss
f The diam et er of t he displacer cylinder t he st at ement syou disagreeabout .
What m oder n applicat Í onscanyout hink of f or t he
Usefullanguage
St ir ling engine?
Why doyou t hink t hat .., ? I n my opÍ nÍ on, approprÍ at e
t echnology...
Don'tyou t hink t hat ' ' . ? My ví ewis t hat ' . .
l 2 U r r i t5

I
p l a n t ( n )l . r r g ei r r d u st r i a l
t r r l ,l .r i n e r y
h it e ( v)let sor r r ebodyu se
s o n r e t h i n fgo r a s h o r tt i m e ,i n
t l t u r r tf o r t r . r v r t t e n t

Pronunciat ion
Nu r n b er san d q u an t i t i es
I ( ) t < e u d o L t l i . l tr tt l t t t t l . t t : i . , tcr1. l' 1 . , . r - i t i t . i , : ' s . ' l ' l i , r t t I i r ; l . r t
a t r l c l r c . i \ r r - l l . rr . , v v .r s .

a 3.742 r ' 1 6 KJ l z i 12V t ) ( '

b 1150lrurr Í 30rrrÁ i 10"

c 2 5 0Nl u B Oo C l.: 10 " B u p a n dd o w n ,

'7') " , '" b a c k w a r d as r r d
d 60 cl- l h I 40: l
f o r w ar d s
2 ( ) Li st r : n : , r rrr"lv r i t r - ' Jr r ,t r. vh ntr r Lr r n b ear ,r ;r dq r - r r n t i t i e s
i r ' t t p t. t .s .

a
i n a st r a i g h tl i n e
l.

) Go t o Symbols and charact ers p.U4

Vocabulary
Descr ibin gr n @t iu r r
1 Mu t c] r aclj ect iv ci l i , v , r r L i i l l l ' ,d i i ] ! ] í i 1 l i l :l ;' l : t r l! . r l l v r l l [ l E
r\ F.
1 at Lt i cL:lr, , uivr . . '
2 clu i: k lv i, : : '
colunr n of t he
3 lit r ear r t ner t o dr aw
4 o sci l l at i r r g
5 t ecip r ' ; r - r t ir r g
6 r o f : i ry
 Ap p r o p r i a t e t e c h n o l o g3y3

Checklist
Assessy o u r p r o g r essi n t h i s u n i t .
Ti ck( / ) t h e st at em en t sw h i ch ar et r u e.

I k n o w t h e w o r d st o d escr i b em o v em en t
i n a m e c h a n i sma n d t h e n a m e sf o r si m p l e
m ech an i sm s

I c a n e x p l a i nh o w a r n e c h a n i sm
w orks
Cust om eÍCa] e I c a n u n d e r st a n d
a n d sa yn u m b e r sa n d
Explain in gt h e dif f er en cebet w eenpr odu ct s q u an t i t i esar cu r at el y

I can ex p l ei r tr h e d i f f er en ceb et w een

p r o du ct s

M y r e a d i n ga n d l i st e n i n ga r eg o o d
e n o u g f tr o u n d e r st a n dm o st o f e a c ht e x t
i r rt h i su n i t

Key words
Adj ect ives
r ur al
so u n d - p r o o f ed
t w o - st r o k e

No u n s
accel er at o r
W o r k í n p ai r s,A an < B.
l c o m p r e ssi o n
c r an k sh a f t
St u d en tA Go t o p . 1 1 1 . .
d o m e st i ca p p l i a n c e
St udent B e x h a u stg a s
You ar e a cust om er at a plant hir e cclm pany.You w ant f u el
t o hir e a por t able gener at or f or t w o w eeks t o pr ovide g en er ar e
pow er f or your hor ne.You don't w ant a noisy m achir r e pulley
and you only w ant t o f ill t he t ank once a day.I t r r ust be No u n an d v er b
easy t o use ancl pr ovide suf f icient pow er f or your pump
hom e. Y< - rdon,
u t w at r t t o pay t nclr et han €4 0 a day.
Ver bs
ch ar g e( b at t er i es)
Usef ul language
en g ag e( g ear s)
What 'st he out put ?
w ear
What kÍ ndoff uel doesit use?
How of t en do I needt o. f iI lit up? N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n ga b o u t h o w En g l i shi s u se d
I s Í teasy t o st ar t ? i n t e c h n o l o g y t h aits n e w t o y o u .
How noí sy is í t ?
Ho w m u ch w Í I iIt co st ?
3 4 U n i t6

Sw it chon
Look at t he pict ur e of t he police of f icer .
Can you nam e any of t he equipm ent he car r ies?

q
i* x \

I--t
t -r
lfirb

A l t em B Fu n c t i o n

t orch pr ovidelight ,signal

List en in g
Cr i m e- fgi h t i n geq u i p m en t
Q List en t o a police of f icer t alking about his
equipm ent . As you list en, com plet e colum n A of t he
t able w it h all t he it em s he m ent ions.

( - ) t ist en again and com plet e colum n B of t he t able

w it h t he f unct ion of t he Í t em s.
 Cr i m e - f i g h t ianngdse cu r i t y3 5

ln t hisunit
o k eyt er m sf o r cr i m e- f i g h t i n gan d secu r i t yeq u i p m en t
o h o w t o d escr i b et h e f u n ct i o no f eq u i p m en t
o d ev el o p i n gt h e sk i l l so f f i n d i n gan d ex ch an g i n g
i n f o r m at i o n
o r i t i n g a sh o r t r ep o r t
w

o LanguagesPot Vocabulary
f unct ion
Descr ibing .P| ooÍ ,.re'istant,.tight
o St udyt heseexam ples: St udyt heexam ples.
Handcuf f sar eusedt o r est r ainsom eone. aknif e- pr oof vest
Theknife.proofvestÍ susedas bodyarmour. i; : : : ; : r ^ aknif ecan't pass
Radiosar eused.f orcont act ing policeheadquar t er s. a wat ch which isn't damaged bY
w at ch
a shock- pr oof
Thebat onisJor keeping peopleat a saf edist ance.
shock or is prot ect edfrom shock
o We can describewhat t hings are usedfor,t heir cor r osÍ on- r esist ant st eel which isn't damaged by
f unct ion,in t hesew ays: st eel cor r osion
usedt o + infinit ive
an air - t ig hseal
t a sealw hich air can't pass
usedcs + noun
+ - ing
( used) f or t hrough

) ) Got o Grammar referenceP.118 Explain exam ples 1- 8 int he sam e w ay.

I Mat ch t he it ems in t he first column wit h t heir funct ion 1 a gas- t ight seal
int he secondcolum n. 2 w eat her pr oof paint
l t aser s. 1 a h e l PPe o Pl e k n o w 3 heat - r esist ant m at er ials
exact lYw her et heYar e 4 asoundpr oof r ecor dingst udio
\
\b
2 Per sonalI dent if icat Í on incapacit at esuspect s 5 r u st p r o o f car b o d i es
Numbers( PI Ns) wit hout serious inj ury
6 af oolpr oof device
3 t agging c helppr ot ect air
7 a wat er-resist ant coat
t ravellers
8 aw at er - t ight cont ainer
4 ant i-virussoft ware d keep people at a safe
dist ance
5 face-recognit ion device e prot ect comput ers
6 helmet f admit onlYt he right
people
7 bat ons g pr ot ect car dsf r om
criminal use
8 GlobalPosit ioning h monit orconvict ed
Syst em ( GPS) criminals
9 t or ches i headpr ot ect ion
10 luggage X-ray j signalling devices
equipment

Wor kin pair s.Taket ur nst o askand answ erquest ions

aboutt he it ems in l.
EXA M PL B

A I lhat 'st hef unct ionof t agging?

B lt ,s usedt o monit or crimí nals.I llhataret asersfor?
e ect swit hout
A They,re used t o incapacÍ t at susp
ser iousinj ur y.
3 6 Un i t6

Yo u m u st n ' tsm i l eo n y o u r p a ssp o r t

p h o t o g r a p ah s s h o w i n g y o u r t e e tohr o p e n
m o u t h ca n a f f e ctf a ce - r e co g n i t i odne v i ce s.
Al so , y o ur n u st n ' tw e a r g l a sse sw i t l r t i n t e d
l er rse s.

Pairwork
Wor k Í npair s, A and B. Eac} rof you has a shor t t ext
ab o u t a cr i t n e' f i g l r t i t r gcl ev i ce. ' t h e
t i t l es o f t h e t ex t s
ar e:

St u d en t A Sm ar t g u n r eco g n i zesi t s o w r r er

St u d en t B Cau g h t - b y al am p p o st

Discuss w hat you t hink t he t ext s m iglr t be about .

Use t h e p i ct u r eso p p o si t et o h el p y o u .

2 Read your ow n t ext . Then f ind out f r om your par t ner

t his inf or m at ion about his / her device.Ask t hese
q t t est i o n san d m ak e n o t eso f t l r e al r sw er s.
1 What is t he device callecl?
2 W h a t d o e si t d o ?
3 H o w d o e si t w o r k ?
4 Wher e is it usecl?
5 Ho w su ccessf u li s i t ?

St u d en t A Ci o t o p 1 1 1 .

St udent B

Caught- by a lam p post

Cit ies int he UK like London, Glasgow , and
Birmingham are fit t ing a new device t o lamp post s in
areas which have a crime problem. I t 's called
Flashcam and has been developed by an American
company, QSt ar. I t consist s of a camera wit h a mot ion
sensor. I f it det ect s a group of people in an area where
t here is no reason for t hem t o be, it shout s a warning
at t hem such as: St op! I f you are engaging in an iI I egaI
act ivÍ t 1tyour
, phot ograph will be t aken. PI ease leave
t he area.I f people don't move, it goes off wit h avery
int ense flash and a loud shout .Theyhave had a
posit ive effect in some part s of London in reducing
crime and ant i-social behaviour.

3 Now r ead your par t ner 'st ext ancl check t t r e

informat ion.

4 DÍ scussw hat you t hink ar e t he pr act ical pr oblem s of

t hese t w o devices.Would t hey w or k in your count r y?
What m odif icat ions w ould vou r nake?
 1! * .:

on lin eGon n ect ion s vi; rLh e

In t ef ne t
RFco n n e ct i o n sr " ; i t t : i . ' .I s.
r.t dio í re c1 t t . : t tsicy
gri.lis

Problem - solving
W h at ' st h e b est t er : h n i cels, ; h r t i o ri L o t l r r p r o l - , l cr rn; {
p r o t e c t i u ga l a r g est , ) r cl r o t nsl to i t l i l t t r s( u c o p l tw , lro
st ealt hings f r cr r nsho1. r : l) Wor
? k in sr nall ilr e, ul. ;ulcl : ';
st u d yt h e so l u t i o n s,t h er tt n ak t :y i i t r l , r l t u i ( '.(( r i v c
r easo lLsf o r y o r . i rch o i ce.

CAMERAS I ACS

CCT V( c l o se dc i r c u i t e l e v i si o nc)a m e r a sw i t h w i d e - 4 l . a r g e l e c t r o r t i c , < r,i,Ly . r t l :o rr t l ri I l r l sv v hi Ll li rr e

: ct Lr
a n g l el e n se s. o Jt c í st} olÍ ] Í l.
Si g n aIr e| ay edt o a ct : t l t r . o
t If Í i cean d m o n i t o r edb y a Al ; r r r ri s t r i 1 1 g . - .br ty:ac8l . 2i v i l - l :zi g t r a l l v h c rLl r r ct . r gi s
se c u r i t yg u a r d . t . r k e r r t h r o u g" hrse c r r r i t y
6 n Le a t t l t e sh c . rt p
: r i t r ini- e.
Reco r d edo n v i d eot ap esev er yd ay . aáu i'it . ig. ' u i sJv a n i a g e s
Ad v an t ag es Di sd v an t ag es - Vi si[ t l cci et er r t : r r t . MLr : t, rt er cr n o v e r it;itl l s
. Vi si b l e d e t e r r e n t . . Pe o p l e f o r g e t t r - r c h r n g e . l ; ' r g . , . r ritr t r x 1 - r t : n si v c . | . x t r l 1 ' 1 1 5)i y \t 1
, . e Í Lc)
rl
T h i e v e sk n o w t h e y t apes i n st r l l
m ay b e r eco r d ed . l m ag et r r " rnyo t b ev et y . l ) tr rí csl i cl tr ; l; t l r i " : Vt : l.nsa Y
. No t v er yex p en si v e cl eaf r er llo. vt h( :lr r yir. rt h t :st or c
. Yo uc a n i n c l u d eso n r e
d u m m yc a í n e r a s 5 Co n r - c a l e de l t : r : t t ' c , r! t, i' (c . r .i rL y t , l g s
- Ad ; ; ; ' i . ' g . ' s -.
ói i . l u . ' . , i " g " ' .
D i g i t a CCT
l Vc a m e r a sw i t h o n l i n ec o n n e c t i o n s. . Mu st b e d t : a ( " t i v a t É : d . l t
" l . h i e v t : sl n ; l Vt t , . l 9 t ...'l
Re c o r d eod n h a r dd i skw h i c h c a n st o r use v e r anl r o n t l r s t l t e : r r:tl r r c|5 t rr : ; t tl Le t i | | s.S. r | e .l ;) t { ) [ j | ní .] ja V
o f r eco r d i n g . c a L r g l r rt n o r ( ' ( : a ; i l y l'ot i; t : L
Ad v an t ag es Di sd v ar r t ag es
. Can b e v i ew edf r o n r . Ex p en si v i : o l r r kL . r 1 rr ,)'n- L l o t l t i n t l
a n yb r o a d b a n d I h cy [ l r c. lk i Í v v r t ; Ir 1lly l t ' l]l l ( - } V( ;] -(t.l ' ' isl l t i i l I l - i ri't e r rr
co nn ect i o n
Acl v u r r t a g e s Ui scl v . . r r i i a g c:
. N o t a p e st o c h a n g e . : , i r . r r 1 , ' | . . ; l n C|
i r I c X| , ( ] I| : i i V( , " l r r r l i i : : ; l j i l . . r Íi l.rri;crvI ' : s t . . r r i
ci, . l- er r ' . : n L | . : l i I O V (t .l r ' r I I
3 Co n ce a I e d r Í l i cr o - ca r t l c. r ;wt si t h RF co n n e ct i o n 9 '

Advant ages Di sd v an t ag es
. N o e x p e n si v w
e irilrg . No t a v i si b l ed et er r en t
. Go o d w ay t o cat ci r
t h i e v e si n a c t i o r r
3 8 U n i t6

Gadget box
Ro t u n d u si s a sp h e r i carl o b o t ,i n v e n t e da t t h e Un i v e r si t yo f U p p sal a i n Sw e d e nw, h i ch
ca n p a t r o la si t eo r b u i l d i n g t og u a r di t . l t co n t a i n sse n so r ssu cha s ca m e r a s,h e a t a n d
sm o k ed e t e ct o r s, a n d m i cr o p h o n e s.
l t ca n se n df o r se cu r i t y f o r ce sos, u n da n a l a r m ,
a n d f o l l o w i n t r u d e r so v e rsa n d ,sn o w m u d ,o r w a t e r .Ho w e v e ri,t ca n n o tcl i m b st a i r s.
W h y i s Ro t u n d u sb e t t e r t h a na l o w - t e chso l u t i o nl i k ea se cu r i t yg u a r do r a g u a r dd o g ?

Wr it ing Cu st om eÍGa] e
Sh or t r epor t an d lin kin g w or ds Usin gin f or m al! an gu age
I n w r it ing w e of t en use linking w or ds t o m ake it clear
t o t he r eader how t he ldeas in our w r it ing ar e
connect ed.We can use but t o link an advant age and a
disadvant age.
EXA M PL E

Use CCTV cam er asand r ecor dont ovi. deot apes. Thisis
not ver y expensivebut peoplef or get t o change t he
t apes.

We can use also use how ever and alt hought olink an
advant age and a dÍ sadvant age,usually at t he st ar t of a
sent ence.
EXA M PI E S
Use CCTV cam er as and r ecor dont o vÍ deot apes'These
cam er as ar e a visi. bledet er r entt o t hieves.How ever .t he
im age m ay not be ver y clear .
Use CCTV cam er as and r ecor dont o video t apes.
Alt hough t hesecam er as ar e a visible det er r entt o I St udyt heset hr eehom esecur it ysyst em s.Not et heir
t hieves,t he í m agem ay not be clear ' advant ages and disadvant ages.

We can use because, since,and as t o link a

r ecom m endat ion w it h a r eason.
EXA M PI E S
Al
I adviseyou t o t nst all digÍ t alCCTV cam er asbecauset hey o n g ( ( TV Go m eÍ oCo n n o ct g d
t o o sm o l l
ar e ef f ect iveand not ver y expensÍ ve, m onit or ,no r ocor ding
I r ecom m endyou use I ar geelect r oní .secur
c it y t ags since
t hey ar e a visÍ bledet er r entt o m ost t hieves.
our advice is t o use lar ge elect r onicsecur Í t yt ags as t hey
Do - i t - g o u r so il nf st o l l o t i o n
ar e a visible det er r ent t o m ost t hÍ eves.

Now w r it e a shor t r epor t on secur it yf or t he ow ner of a

lar ge shop. Your r epor t should have t w o sect ions:
1 List t he advant agesand disadvant agesof each
solut ion.
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2 Recom m end t he best solut ion. Give r easonst o Digit alCCT V cam er a,r ecor dst o your PC
suppor t your choice. Fit t edw Í t hm ot ionsensor sw hich t r igger
recordingwhen an int ruder ent ers
Exchange your r epor t f r om I w it h anot her st udent and Pr of essionally inst alled
decÍ deif it can be under st ood easily'Mar k any places Cost€i' 0 0 0
w her e t he r epor t is not clear enough.
 Cr i m e - f i g h t i nagn d se c u r i t y 3 9

Ch ecklist
Assessy o u rp r o g r essi n t h i s u n i t .
Ti ck( / ) t h e st at em en t sw h i ch ar et r u e.

I k n o w k e yt e r m sf o r c r i m e - fgi h t i n ga n d
se c u r i t ye q u i p m e n t

I c a n d e sc r i b e
t h e f u n c t i o no f se c u r i t v
e qu i p m en t
2 Wor k w it h a par t ner .Take t ur ns t o play t he r oles of
l c a n w r i t ea sh o r t r e o o r t
Salesper sonand Cust om er .
M y r e a d i n ga n d l i st e n i n ga r eg o o d
Salesper son
e n o u g ht o u n d e r st a n dm o st o f e a c ht e x t
Use t he inf or m at ion in I and select f r om t he phr ases i n t h i su n i t
below t o sell t he syst em t hat best m eet s t he Cust om er 's
needs.The f ir st r ow has m or e f or m al phr ases.The
second r ow of phr ases ar e m or e com m on in inf or m al,
spoken English. Choose t he language t hat m at ches t he Key w ords
Cu st o m er .
Adj ect ives
Cust om er l o w - t ech
u n i qu e
Li st ent o t h e Sal esp er so nan d ask q u est i o n s.Ch o o set h e
hom e secur it y syst em t hat best m eet s your needs. No u n s
b o d ya r m o u r
No t sat i sf act o r y Sat i sf act o r y M o r et h a n CP5
sat isf act or y grip
m o t i o nse n so r
i t ' si n a d e q u a t e i t ' sa d e q u a t e i t ' si d eal/ p er f ect
PI N
i t f al l ssh o r t/ i t d o e st h ej o b / i t ' ssp o to n / r eco g ni t i o n
it ' sn ot u pt o i t f i t st h e b i l l i t t i c k sa l l t h e secur i t y
t hej ob o o x es se n so r
sh o c k
t a g g in g
t r i g g er

r;) Ver bs
r
L: ] Com p let eh om e d ef en cesy st em escap e
i n cap aci t at e
Wir eless,so easyin st allat ion
N o t eh e r ea n y t h i n ga b o u t h o w En g l i shi s u se d
Can b e sw it ch edon an d of f w it h a r em ot ed ev ice,so n o i n t e c h n o l o g yt h a t i s n e w t o y o u .
cod e n u m b er sh av et o b e r em em b er edan d k ey edin

Will t ex t y ou a m essag ew h en y ou r ch ild r eng et h om e

Fiv eCCTV cam er asact iv at edif an in t r u d eren t er sy ou r

h om e.Sy st ema| son ot iÍ lest h e secu r it ycom p an yw h o
ad v iset h e p oliceim m ed iat ely

Will alsod et ectsm ok eor f lood in gan d n ot if yt h e

em er g en cyser v ices

Cost €3 , 6 0 0 p I u sa m on t h lym ain t en an ce

ch ar g eof €3 0