CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 System Design

System design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules,
interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could be seen
as the application of systems theory to product development. There is some overlap with the
disciplines of systems analysis, systems architecture and systems engineering. System design
provides the understandings and procedural details necessary for system implementation, which
is recommended in the system study.
This chapter describes and verifies strengths and weaknesses of the existing system used
at the Pharmacy Management System. It highlights the requirements of the proposed system, its
design and implementation
The system is categorized into logical and physical design; it describes the information
flow of the system. This includes; context diagram, dataflow diagram, enhanced entity
relationship diagram, data dictionary and the architectural design. The logical design involves the
entities of the systems, attributes and the relationships between them as they appear to the users
and the system requirements.

4.1.1 Sub-System Design

1. Administrator Sub-System Design (Admin Side)
 Dashboard

Invoice

Customer

Home
Medicine

Supplier

Purchase

Reports

4.2 System Requirement

Computer system is made up of units that are put together to work as one in order to
achieve a common goal. The requirements for the implementation of the new system are:
 The Hardware
 The Software

A. Hardware Requirement
These are the physical component needed by the system to operate.
 A hard disk of at least 40GB
 256 RAM memory
 Corei5 2.5 MHz
  Window 7 operating system

Any microcomputer of the above capacity is required to be used, the only important thing
is that PHP is used to design the package resides on the hard disk. The computer used in
designing and implementing the grade point average (GPA) package is HP Intel Centrino Duo.
Processor 1.8 GHz, 1.4 GHz, 1.4 GB of RAM, 160 hard disk capacity.

B. Software Requirements
These are the software component needed by the system to operate.
 Processor speed- 1.30Hz and above
 Web browser
 XAMPP control panel
 Operating system
 Visual Studio Code
 Microsoft Office Suite

4.3 Testing
Testing is the process of executing a program or system with the intent of finding errors”.
Simply testing involves the processes of verifying and validating the program or application.
This is performed at the start of the system by the test team. It’s called black box testing. The
system is tested in a controlled environment. The purpose of system testing is to validate an
application’s accuracy and completeness in performing the function as designed. The system is
tested through the following testing approaches.

4.3.1 Components of Testing

 1. Unit Testing
In this approach, each individual program modules of the system were tested separately.
 Testing the registration/login page to allow login
 Testing the add customer and the category.
 Testing each component on the admin site.
 Testing each invoice on the website.

2. Integration Testing
In this approach, the program modules of the system were integrated and tested as the
whole.
 The back button which leads you to the previously opened page,
 Checking whether the all buttons on the admin panel are working and displaying
options.

3. Regression Testing
This approach involved checking to see if the addition of one feature is negatively
affecting other features.
 Constantly inputting wrong data in login page causes the entire application to
force close.

4.4 System Implementation

System implementation deals with the testing and debugging of the implemented design
of the software in process. Here, the choice of environment used is shown, the architecture used
for the implementation is explained and the software is tested at each level of construction to test
for efficiency and discover possible technical defects. The conversion of the software and
documentation is also done at this level.
The choice of programming language depends on the system to be developed. However,
the main aim of this project is to design and implement a web page for online food ordering, this
focused the researcher on using HTML, CSS, PHP and MySQL as the standard programming
tools for implementing the system.

4.4.1 System Description

This system was designed in such a way that one can have an overview of the medicine
been displayed on the software, get to know the different prices in which these medicine are sold
to the patient etc. This system can be access by the admins and some staffs of the manager of the
Pharmaceutical Industry because some of the section requires a password to be entered.

4.4.2 The User Interface Design

This design is done using PHP scripting language with comprise many web pages. The
index page would comprise of welcome note (i.e. welcome environment), the available medicine,
the payment form and some quick links as shown below.
Customer Page

Medicine Page
Invoice Page

Supplier Page
 Purchase Page

4.5 Choice of Programming Language

PHP: PHP is known as Hypertext Pre-Processor (PHP). PHP is probability the most popular
scripting language on the web. It is used to enhance web pages. With PHP, we can do things like
create forums, picture galleries, surveys, and a whole lot more. PHP is known as a server-sided
language. That’s because the PHP doesn’t get executed on another computer, but on the
computer the page is requested from. The results are the handed over and displayed on the
browser.

It is important what PHP gives and why we found it appropriate to choose it in

implementing this work is because of its powerful debugging facility that provides useful hints
and suggestions for error handling.

Since PHP is a server-sided scripting language and cannot be executed on the computer
without having a server, therefore, a XAMMP server was used to run the program.
4.5.1 System Design Tools
The system will be a web based application which will be implemented using the
following software engineering tools;

1. Hypertext Markup Language

Hypertext markup language (HTML) is written in the form of HTML elements
consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets. Hypertext is text displayed on a computer
or other electronic devices with references (hyperlinks) to other text which the reader can
immediately access, or where text can be revealed progressively at multiple levels of
detail (also called stretch text). The hypertext pages are interconnected by hyperlinks,
typically activated by a mouse click, key-press sequence or by touching the screen. Apart
from text, hypertext is sometimes used to describe tables, images and other presentational
content forms with hyperlinks.

2. Cascading style sheet

Cascading style sheet (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look
and formatting of a document written in a markup language. CSS is designed primarily to
enable the separation of document content from document presentation, including
elements such as the layout, colors, and fonts. This separation can improve content
accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation
characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and
repetition in the structural content.

3. JavaScript
JavaScript (JS) is a dynamic computer programming language. It is most
commonly used as part of web browsers, whose implementations allow client-side scripts
to interact with the user, control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the
 document content that is displayed. It is also being used in server-side network
programming, game development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications.

4. Apache XAMPP Server

These are packages of independently created programs installed on computers that
use a Microsoft windows operating system. XAMPP is an acronym formed from the
initials of the operating system Microsoft windows and the principal components of the
package: Apache, MySQL and PHP. Apache is a web server.