YASHWANTRAO CHAVAN POLYTECHNIC
ICHALKARANJI
Department :- Civil Engineering
Class :- TY Civil
Subject :- Traffic Engineering (22507)
Topic :- Road Accident Studies (UNIT – 6)
Faculty Name :- Prof. A. V. Hajare
PART - 1
Road Accident Studies
• Defination –
A road accident, also known as a road traffic accident.
Is an event that occurs on a road and involves at least one vehicle, and
results in injury or death to at least one person is called as road
accident.
Road Accident Studies Types
• There are several types of road accidents, including:
1) Rear-end collision:
One car hits the back of another car. This is the most common type of road
accident.
2) Side-impact collision:
The front or back end of one car hits the side of another.
3) Sideswipe collision:
Two cars traveling in the same direction collide from the side.
4) Rollover:
A car flips onto its side or roof. This can happen when a car hits a curb or
pothole, or turns too quickly.
Road Accident Studies Types
5 ) Head-on collision:
Two cars hit both front ends from opposite directions.
6) Single-car accident:
A single car is involved, often due to a run-off-road collision or hitting fallen
debris.
7) Multiple-vehicle collision:
Also known as a pile-up, this is a collision involving many vehicles, often on high-
speed routes.
8) T-bone accident:
Often caused by distracted drivers or those who run red lights.
Causes of Road Accident Studies
Main cause of accidents and crashes are due to human errors
-We are elaborating some of the common behavior of humans which results in
accident.
1) Avoiding Safety Gears like Seat belts and Helmets
2) Non-adherence to lane driving and overtaking in a wrong manner
3) Over-speeding or driving in excess of prescribed speed limits.
4) Not wearing helmets or not using seat belts - more than 80% of road accident
deaths are due to the head injuries.
5) Drunken driving or driving under the influence of drugs.
Over loading of vehicles.
6) Use of mobile phones or ear phones while driving/crossing the road.
7) Violation of road signs, signals, traffic lights and road safety rules or many a time
due to their ignorance.
8) Long hours of drive, tiredness and fatigue of the driver and lack of traffic
education.
9) Pedestrian negligence also contributes to road accidents and endangers their own
lives.
Causes of Road Accident Studies
Causes of Road Accident Studies
Prevention of Road Accident Studies
Main cause of accidents and crashes are due to human errors
- Here are some ways to prevent road accidents:
1) Wear a seat belt: Wearing a seat belt can reduce the risk of fatality by 45% and
serious injury by 50%.
2) Don't drive drunk: Drunk driving is a leading cause of car accidents, and a blood
alcohol concentration (BAC) of as little as .02% can decrease a driver's ability to
drive.
3) Maintain your vehicle: Regular maintenance can help identify and fix potential
safety issues before they become serious problems.
4) Drive defensively: Avoid distracted driving, driving when tired, and driving
aggressively.
Prevention of Road Accident Studies
Main cause of accidents and crashes are due to human errors
5) Follow traffic laws: Obey the speed limit and follow at a safe distance.
6) Pay attention to other drivers: Even the safest drivers can't control what other
drivers do.
7) Use blind spot detection: This safety feature can warn drivers of nearby vehicles or
objects that are not visible in the rearview mirrors.
8) Use adaptive cruise control: This feature keeps a safe distance with the car ahead,
which can help prevent accidents.
9) Be aware of your surroundings: Drivers should be aware and anticipate their
surroundings to avoid accidents
Prevention of Road Accident Studies
Collision & Condition Diagram
Collision Diagram :
Collision Diagram :
Condition Diagram :
Condition Diagram :
Consideration Regarding Road Safety :
There are several things to consider for road safety, including :
1) Driving :
• Avoid driving at night, especially in unfamiliar areas. Don't drink and drive.
• Obey all traffic signals and signs.
• Don't drive when you're tired or taking medications that make you drowsy.
2) Passengers :
• Always wear a seat belt.
• If you're traveling with children, use the appropriate car and booster seats.
• Don't let children fight or climb around in the car.
3) Pedestrians :
• Only cross roads at designated pedestrian crossing points.
• Wear bright or light-colored clothing if you're walking near busy roads.
Consideration Regarding Road Safety :
4) Vehicles :
• Avoid overcrowded, overweight, or top-heavy buses or vans.
5) Other :
• Always carry your driver's license and other important documents.
• Plan ahead for longer journeys.
• Keep a minimum two-second gap between you and the car in front.
Legislation and Law Enforcement :
Legislation and Law Enforcement :
• Good traffic law enforcement is essential for road safety.
• The main objective of traffic policing is safe and efficient flow of traffic achieved
through means of prevention, and punishment.
• Safe behaviour in traffic does not come naturally for most people, but with the
right laws and enforcement mechanisms in place, behaviour can be postiviely
changed.
• In 2014 the WHO published a toolkit for strengthening road safety legislaition to
assist road safety practitioners and lawyers with organizing road safety legislation
workshops in their country.
