A31 - Subatomic Particles

1- (0620-S 2012-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

2- (0620-S 2012-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

3- (0620-W 2012-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

4- (0620-W 2012-Paper 1 (Core)/2-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

1
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

5- (0620-S 2013-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

6- (0620-S 2013-Paper 1 (Core)/2-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

7- (0620-W 2013-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

8- (0620-W 2013-Paper 1 (Core)/2-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

9- (0620-W 2013-Paper 1 (Core)/3-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

10 - (0620-S 2014-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

11 - (0620-S 2014-Paper 1 (Core)/2-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

12 - (0620-W 2014-Paper 1 (Core)/3-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

13 - (0620-W 2014-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

14 - (0620-W 2014-Paper 1 (Core)/3-Q10) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

15 - (0620-S 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

5
 A31 - Subatomic Particles
16 - (0620-S 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/3-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

17 - (0620-S 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

18 - (0620-S 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/3-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

19 - (0620-W 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

20 - (0620-W 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/3-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

21 - (0620-W 2015-Paper 1 (Core)/1-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

22 - (0620-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

23 - (0620-W 2016-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

8
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

24 - (0620-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

25 - (0620-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

26 - (0620-S 2017-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

9
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

27 - (0620-W 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

28 - (0620-W 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

29 - (0620-W 2018-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

30 - (0620-S 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles
31 - (0620-S 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

32 - (0620-W 2019-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

12
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

33 - (0620-S 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

34 - (0620-S 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/2-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

35 - (0620-S 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q4) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

36 - (0620-S 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, ATOMS COMBINING

37 - (0620-W 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q5) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

14
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

38 - (0620-W 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/1-Q6) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

39 - (0620-W 2020-Paper 2 (Extended)/3-Q9) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

1- (0620-W 2012-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, REACTING MASSES AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS, THE PERIODIC TABLE

Three of the halogens in Group VII are listed below.

chlorine
bromine
iodine

(a) (i) How does their colour change down the Group?

. ................................. .................... .............. ...................................................... .... [11

(ii) How do their melting points and boiling points change down the Group?

. ..................................................... .............. ...... .................................................... [11

(iii) Predict the colour and physical state (solid, liquid or gas) of astatine, At.

colour ..................................................... .................... ............................................... .

physical state ......................................... .............................................. ................ [2]

(b) A radioactive isotope of iodine, 1~!I , is used to treat cancer.

(i) Define the term isotope .

. .. .. .. .... ... . .... .. ..... .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. ... . .... ...... .. .. .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. [2]

(ii) How many protons, electrons and neutrons are there in one atom of 1~!I ?

number of protons ............ ..

number of electrons ....... .... .
number of neutrons ............ [2]

(iii) When this isotope, 1~!I , emits radiation, a different element with a proton number of
54 is formed .
What is the name of this element?

. .............. ................... .................... .................... .............. ...................................... [11

(c) Fluorine, the most reactive halogen, forms compounds with the other halogens. It forms
two compounds with bromine.
Deduce their formulae from the following information.

compound 1
The mass of one mole of this compound is 137 g.
Its formula is ........ .................... .... . [11

compound 2
0.02 moles of this compound contain 0.02 moles of bromine atoms and 0.1 moles of
fluorine atoms.
Its formula is ................ ................ .

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

2- (0620-S 2013-Paper 4 (Extended)/2-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

(a) The table below gives the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in atoms or ions .
Complete the table . The first line is given as an example.
You will need to use the Periodic Table.

number of number of number of symbol or

particle
protons electrons neutrons formula

A 4 4 5 ~Be

B 19 18 20
....................

C 30 30 35
... .. ............ .. .

D 8 10 8
............... .....

E 31 31 39
.. ... .. .... .. .. .. ...

[6]

(b) Using the data in the table , explain how you can determine whether a particle is an atom,
a negative ion or a positive ion.

.. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. [3]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

3- (0620-S 2014-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, ATOMS COMBINING

The table below gives the composition of six particles which are either atoms or ions.

particle number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons

A 33 40 33
B 19 20 18
C 34 45 36
D 33 42 33
E 13 14 13
F 24 28 21

(a) Which particles are atoms? Explain your choice .

···· ······························ ······················· ······························ ·················· ···· ·········· ·········· ······ ······· [2]

(b) Which particle is a negative ion and why has this particle got a negative charge?

···· ·················· ············ ····················································· ···················· ·· ········ ························· [2]

(c) Which particles are positive ions?

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. ... . [1]

(d) Explain why particle A and particle Dare isotopes.

···· ·················· ········ ···· ·················· ············ ······················· ···················· ·· ········ ················· ·· ···· ·· [2]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

4- (0620-S 2015-Paper 4 (Extended)/2-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

Complete the following table which gives the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in each
of the five particles.

number of number of number of

particle
protons electrons neutrons

19 19 20
....... .......
56
2sFe .............. ....... ....... ..............

3 2 4
······· ·······
7o G 3+
31 a .............. .............. ..............
34 36 45
..............
[Total: 8]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

5- (0620-W 2015-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, ATOMS COMBINING

(a) The symbols of six particles are shown below.

Na+ Ca 2+ Kr P Si 02-

Select from the list of particles to answer the following questions. A particle may be selected
once, more than once or not at all.

(i) Which two ions have the same electronic structure? . .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. [1]

(ii) Which ion has the same electronic structure as an atom of argon? ... ............ .............. [1]

(iii) Which atom can form an ion of the type X 3""? .... .. ......... .. ............ .. .. .. .............. .. ............ [1]

(iv) Which atom can form a hydride which has a formula of the type XH 4 ? .... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. [1]

(b) (i) How many protons, neutrons and electrons are there in one copper(II) ion ~icu 2·?

number of protons

number of neutrons

number of electrons
[2]

(ii) ~~Sc represents an atom of scandium.

How many nucleons and how many charged particles are there in one atom of scandium?

number of nucleons ........ ............ .

number of charged particles ............... ..... .

[2]

(c) Two different atoms of sodium are n Na and f~Na .

(i) Explain why these two atoms are isotopes .

....... ........ .. ······ ·············· ............................... ...... .. ........... ······ ········ .. .. .............. .. .. .. .......... [2]

(ii) f~Na is radioactive . It changes into an atom of a different element which has one more
proton .

Identify this element.

. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . ... .. .. [1]

(iii) State two uses of radioactive isotopes.

··· ·· ······ ·········· ·············· ······ ······ ······ .. ·· ··········· ························· ·········· .. ······ ················ ········ [2]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

6- (0620-S 2016-Paper 4 (Extended)/2-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

(a) (i) Define the term atomic number.

. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. [1]

(ii) Define the term nucleon number.

... ...... .. .... .............. ...... ......................... ........ .. ................... ............ .............. ........ .... .. ...... [2]

(b) The table shows the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in some atoms or ions.

Complete the table. The first line is given as an example.

number of number of number of symbol or

particle
protons electrons neutrons formula

A 6 6 6 1~c

B 12 12 12

C 8 16 0 2-
8

D 11 10 13
[6]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

7- (0620-W 2016-Paper 4 (Extended)/3-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, ATOMS COMBINING

(a) Complete the table .

particle charge relative mass

proton +1

neutron 1

electron

[2]

(b) The following are isotopes of carbon.

(i) In terms of numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons, how are these three isotopes the
same and how are they different?

They are the same because ...... .................................... ........ .. ............ .............. ................ .

They are different because .... ............................ ........ .................................... .... .. ........... .. ..

[3]

(ii) \My do all isotopes of carbon have the same chemical properties?

......... ...... .......... .......... .... .. ......... .......................... ............. ............ .......... .. ........ .... .. ........ [1]

(c) Name two forms of the element carbon which have giant covalent structures .

.......... ................................ .... .. .. ...... ...... and ............... ...... ............................ ............. .. ........ [1]

(d) Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in a carbon dioxide molecule.
Show the outer shell electrons only.

[2]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

8- (0620-W 2016-Paper 4 (Extended)/2-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

This question is about atoms, ions and isotopes.

(a) Define the term nucleon number.

.............. ...... ....................................................... ...................................... .................... ......... [2]

(b) Give the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.

Na ....................................................................... ...................................................................... .

p3- ............................................................... ........ .................. .... .... .... ...................... .... .............. .
[2]

(c) State one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

.. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . [1]

(d) What is meant by the term relative atomic mass?

.... .. ....................................................................... ................................................................. [2]

(e) Suggest why the relative atomic mass of chlorine is not a whole number.

.............. .. ............................. .... ...................... .......................................... ................ .. .. ......... [2]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

9- (0620-S 2017-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, REACTING MASSES AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

This question is about subatomic particles.

(a) Define the terms

proton number, .. .. ..................... .. .... .. ...... .. .............. ...... .. .......... ........ .. .. ...... .. .. .. ...... .. .......... .... .. .

nucleon number. ....................................... .... ........ .... ...... ...... .............. ...... ........ .................. .. .... .

[3]

(b) Why is the iH hydrogen atom the only atom to have an identical proton number and nucleon
number?

.. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . . .. .. .. .. .. . [1]

(c) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atoms and
ions given.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

19f 9

12

[6]

(d) (i) Write the formula of the compound fo rmed from fluorine and magnesium.

... .......... .. .. .... ........ .......... .... ..... .. .. .. ...... .... .. .... .. .... .... .. ....... .. ........ .... .... .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. [1]

(ii) Write the formula of the compound fo rmed from Sr2 + and p3- _

..... .... ........ .... .. .......... .... .. ....... .. .. .... ...... .... .. ...... .. .... .. .. ....... .. ...... ........ .. ...... .. .... .... .. .. ........ [1]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

10 - (0620-S 2017-Paper 4 (Extended)/3-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

Six different atoms can be represented as follows.

~D

(a) Answer the following questions using atoms from the list. Each atom may be used once, more
than once or not at all.

Select one atom from the six shown which

(i) has exactly seven protons,

... .. ..... ... .... ...... .... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ...... .... .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . [1]

(ii) has exactly six neutrons,

. .... ........ .... ...... .. ...... .. ...... .. ...... .. .... .. ........ .. ...... .... .. .. .. ....... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... . [1]

(iii) has more protons than neutrons,

..... .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .............. .. ...... ... ..... ...... .. ........ ...... .... .. ... ..... ... .. .. ...... .................. ..... ....... . [1]

(iv) has the electronic structure [2 ,5],

.. ... ..... ... ...... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. ........ ...... ........ ...... .......... ........ .... ..... .... .. .. .................... .. .. .. .. .. ..... [1]

(v) is an atom of an element from Group VII of the Periodic Table ,

. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . [1]

(vi) is an atom of a noble gas.

. .... .... .... .... ...... .. ...... .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .. .. .. .. ..... .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. . [1]

(b) Two of the six atoms shown are isotopes of each other.

(i) What is meant by the term isotopes?

.. .. ...... .. ...... ..... ...... ...... .......... ...... .... .... .... .... ................ ... ...... .. .. .. .. .. .... .... ...... .. .. .. .... .... .... . [2]

(ii) Which two of the six atoms shown are isotopes of each other?

.... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . [1]

(iii) Wny do isotopes have identical chemical properties?

............ .... .. .................. .. ... .... .. ..................................................... ...... ...... .......... .. .. .... .. ... [1]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

11 - (0620-W 2017-Paper 4 (Extended)/2-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, ATOMS COMBINING, REACTING MASSES AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

(a) Complete the table to show the electronic structure of the atoms and ions .

electronic structure

F 2,7

Si

Ca 2+

N3-

[3]

(b) Predict the formula of the compound formed between Ca 2+ and N3- .

.. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . [1]

(c) Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangements in the two ions present in
lithium chloride , LiCZ.
Show outer shell electrons only. Include the charges on the ions.

[3]

(d) Sulfur dichloride, SCZ2 , is a covalent compound. It has the structure Cl-S- Cl.

Draw a dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

sulfur dichloride.
Show outer shell electrons only.

[3]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

12 - (0620-W 2017-Paper 4 (Extended)/3-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

(a) (i) Define the term molecule.

... ........ .......... ...... .. .. .... .. ............ ........ .................. .. ...... ......... ... ............. .... .... .. ........ ......... [2]

(ii) Define the term element.

. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .... .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... . ... ... .... .. .... ... .. .. ........ .... .......... .. .. .. .. .......... .. .. . [1]

(b) The table shows the composition of four atoms or ions, A, B, C and D.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons
A 10 10 10
B 10 12 10
C 12 10 10
D 13 14 10

(i) What is the atomic number of A?

. .... .. ...... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .... .. .. .... .... .. .. ..... ... .... .. ...... .... .... .. ... .... .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ... [1]

(ii) What is the nucleon number of B?

. .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ... . ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... ...... .... .. ... . ... .. .. .. ... ..... .. .. .. .... .... .... .. ...... .... .. .. . [1]

(iii) Which of A , B, C and Dare isotopes of each other?

. .. .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. ........ .. .. .. .. ...... .. .... . [1]

(iv) Which of A, B, C and Dare atoms?

. .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. ... ..... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. ....... .. ... ..... .. .... .......... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . [1]

(v) Which of A , B, C and Dare positive ions?

. .. .. .. ........ .. ...... .. ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. ........ .. .... .. .... ... .... ...... .. .... .. .. ............ .. .. ............. [1]

(c) Complete the table.

number of number of
protons electrons

Na

s2-

[3]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

13 - (0620-S 2018-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, THE PERIODIC TABLE

Flerovium, F Z, atomic number 114, was first made in research laboratories in 1998.

(a) Flerovium was made by bombarding atoms of plutonium, Pu, atomic number 94, with atoms of
element Z.

• The nucleus of one atom of plutonium combined w ith the nucleus of one atom of element Z.
• This formed the nucleus of one atom of flerovium.

Suggest the identity of element Z.

..... ... ...... .. ...... .. ............ ............ ...... .. .... .... .... ...................... .. .... .... .. .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. ...... ...... .. .. .... [1]

(b) In which period of the Periodic Table is flerovium?

.... .. .. .. ... ... .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (1]

(c) Predict the number of outer shell electrons in an atom of flerovium.

.... .. .. .. .... .. .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... . .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. (1]

(d) Two isotopes of flerovium are 286 F land 289 F l. The nuclei of both of these isotopes are unstable
and emit energy when they split up.

(i) State the term used to describe isotopes with unstable nuclei.

. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .... .. .. ........ .... .. .. .... .... .. .. .... .. .. . [1]

(ii) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the atoms of
the isotopes shown.

isotope number of protons number of neutrons number of electrons

[2]

(e) Only a relatively small number of atoms of flerovium have been made in the laboratory and the
properties of flerovium have not yet been investigated .

It has been suggested that flerovium is a typical metal.

(i) Suggest two physical properties of flerovium.

1 ...... .. ...... .... ......... ........... .............. ........ ................ .. ...... ..... ... ... ..... ..... .. .. ....... ... .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .

2 .. ........ ...... .... ...... .. ...... .. ............ ........... ..... .... .............. ......... ................ ........ ...... .. ........ .. .....
[2]

(ii) Suggest one chemical property of flerovium oxide .

..... .......... ....... ................ ..... .. .......... .. .. ............ .... ................. .... .......... .. ................ .......... . [1]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

14 - (0620-S 2018-Paper 4 (Extended)/3-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS, REDOX REACTIONS, ELECTRICITY AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

(a) 29Al is a radioactive isotope of aluminium. The only non-radioactive isotope of aluminium is
21Az.

(i) Describe, in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, how the isotopes 29 Al and 27Al are
similar and how they are different.

how they are similar ....... .. ........ ...... .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ........ .. ...... .. ....... .. .... .. .......... ..

how they are different .. .. .. .. ...... .... .. ........ .. .... .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .. .. .... ...... .. .... .. .. .... ... .. .... .... .... .. .. ..
[2]

(ii) Complete the table to show the number of nucleons, neutrons and electrons in an f~Al3+
ion.

number in ~~AP+

nucleons

neutrons

electrons
[3]

(b) Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.

15 - (0620-S 2018-Paper 4 (Extended)/2-Q3) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
(i) Name the main ore of aluminium .

... .. .. .... .. ............ ...... ........ ............ .. .. .... .. .. .. .. ..... .. ........ .. .. ... .. .. .. ........ ...... .. .. .... .... .. .... .. .. .... [1]

(ii) Why is aluminium not extracted from its ore by reduction with carbon?

..... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. ...... .... .... .. .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. [1]

(iii) The main ore of aluminium contains aluminium oxide. Aluminium oxide is dissolved in
molten cryolite before it is electrolysed.

Give two reasons, other than cost, why cryolite is used.

1 .. .. .. ..... ... .. .. .. .. .... ..... .... ..... ... .... ... .. .. .... ..... ... .... ... ... .... ... ...... .... ........ ... .. ... ... .... ..... ......... .. .. .. ..

2 .. ............ ..... ..... .. ..... ............ ....... .. .......... .. ... ... ...... .... ... ..... ..... ... ..... ... ..... ... .... .... .... .. .. .... .... ..
[2]

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 A31 - Subatomic Particles

16 - (0620-W 2018-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q2) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

The table gives some information about four different particles, A, B, C and D.

number of number of number of electronic charge

particle
electrons neutrons protons structure on particle

A 11 12 11 2,8,1 0

B 14 11 2,8,1 0

C 18 20 2,8,8 0

D 18 20 17

(a) Complete the table. The first row has been done for you. [4]

(b) Give two particles from the table which are isotopes of each other.

....... .. ... . .. .... .. .. ..... .. .. .. .. .... ..... . .. .. .. .. .. ........ ..... . .. .... .. .. ........ .. ... . .. .... .. .. ...... ... .... . .. .... .. .. .... .. ... . .. .. [1]

(c) Element Z is in the same group of the Periodic Table as A and is less reactive than A.

State the identity of element Z.

..... .. .. ... . .. .... .. .. ....... .. .. .. .... .. ... . .. .... .. .. .. ...... .. ... . .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. ... . .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. ... . .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. [1]

(d) C is unreactive.

Use information from the table to explain why.

....... .... .. .. .... .. .. ...... .. .... ..... ...... .. .... .. .. ........ ...... .. .... .. .. ........ ...... .. .... .. .. ...... .. .... .. .. .... .. .. ...... .. .. .. .. [1]

37
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

17 - (0620-S 2019-Paper 4 (Extended)/1-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

This question is about the structures of atoms and ions.

(a) Define the term proton number.

.............................................. .. ........... ......... ...................................... ................................... [2]

(b) {i) Complete the table to show the number of protons, neutrons and electrons present in
atoms of ~~Mg and ~~Mg.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

(21

(ii) VVhat term is used to describe atoms of the same element, such as ~iMg and ~~Mg?

. .. . .. . . . . . . . ... .. . . .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .... .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . ... . . .. . . . . .. . [1]

(iii) Expiain why the chemical properties of ~ir1.1g and f~Mg are the same .

. .... ................... ....... ... ........................................................................... [2]

(c) Complete the table to identify the atoms and ions which have the following numbers of protons,
neutrons and electrons.

number of number of number of

protons neutrons electrons

~~Na~ 11 12 10
"

4 5 4

17 20 18
(41

(d) State the electronic structure of the fol lowing atom and ion.

Al ............................ .. .

s2- ..................... ...... .

[2]

40
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

18 - (0620-S 2019-Paper 4 (Extended)/3-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

Atoms contain particles called eiectrons, neutrons and protons.

{a) Complete the table.

where the partic!e

particle relative mass relative charge
is found in an atom
1
orbiting the nucleus 1840

+1

in the nucieus
(3)

(b) How many electrons, neutrons and protons are there in the ion shown?

44r'g2+
20v

number of electrons ........... ... ... .............................. .

number of neutrons .............. .. ............................... .

number of protons ................ .. ............................... .

(3)

41
 A31 - Subatomic Particles

19 - (0620-W 2019-Paper 4 (Extended)/3-Q1) - ATOMS AND ELEMENTS

(a) A.toms are made of smaller particies caiied eiectrons , neutrons and protons.

Compiete the table.

particle relative charge relative mass

electron

neutron

proton +1

[2}

{b) The table gives information about atoms and ions A, Band C.

Complete the table.

number of number of number of

symbol
electrons neutrons protons

A 14

B 12

C 10 10 9

[6]

42